RAPATRIATION DEPARTMENT (REPORT REGARDING THE ORGANIZATION AND OPERATIONS OF THE).

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1921 Session I-II, H-30

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Session 11. 1921. NEW ZEALAND.

RAPATRIATION DEPARTMENT (REPORT REGARDING THE ORGANIZATION AND OPERATIONS OF THE).

Laid on the Table of the House of Representatives by Leave The Director ok Repatriation to the Hon. the Chairman and Members of the Repatriation Board. Sirs, — Wellington, 15th September, 1921. I have the honour to submit herewith a report on the operations of the Department for the period ended 20th August, 1921. j nave & 0 J. R. Samson, Director of Repatriation. The Hon. the Chairman and Members, Repatriation Board.

REPORT. The Repatriation Department was established under the provisions of the Repatriation Act, 1918, for the purpose of helping every discharged soldier requiring assistance to secure for himself a position in the community at least as good as that relinquished by him when he enlisted for war service. The controlling body is the Repatriation Board, comprising the following Ministers of the Crown : Hon. Sir William Fraser (Chairman) ; Hon. D. H. Guthrie (Minister of Lands and Repatriation) ; Hon. W. Nosworthy (Minister of Agriculture) ; and the Hon. J. G. Coatos (Postmaster-General and Minister of Public Works). ORGANIZATION OF DEPARTMENT. In order to ensure the expeditious handling of all soldiers' applications for assistance a policy of decentralization was adopted. For this purpose over eighty Boards and Committees were established throughout the Dominion, and to their excellent work is due a large measure of the Department's success. BENEFITS PP.OVIDED FOR, DISCHARGED SOLDIERS. Under the Repatriation Act and the instructions issued in connection therewith a wide range of assistance was made available to discharged soldiers, and the chief activities may be summarized under four headings : — I. Employment: The placing in employment of all discharged soldiers who apply to the Department for assistance in that direction. 11. Training : The educational and vocational training of discharged soldiers. 111. After-care : The special shepherding of seriously disabled men, including the blind, limbless, tubercular, &c. IV. Financial assistance: The granting of financial assistance to discharged soldiers for the purpose of purchasing or establishing businesses, obtaining furniture, tools of trade, equipment, &c.

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Section I.—Employment. Since the issue of the last year's report in July, 1920, the Department has placed a further 6,908 discharged soldiers in employment, making a total placement to August, 1921, of 24,959; and the following table indicates the number absorbed by the various groups of industry in each of the four centres : ■

The number on the Employment Wanted Register of the Department as at the 20th June, 1920, was 151, and conditions remained normal until about March, 1921, when the present financial stringency began to affect the situation. Many employers during the past six months have dispensed with the services of men who had been in constant employment since their r turn, and who had been looked upon as repatriated, and, as a consequence of this, our list of men requiring work gradually rose, until in June, 1921, there were 398 names on the register--the highest since August, 1919. There has been a slight decrease in both the July and August figures, and the number awaiting employment at the date of this report is 329. It might be argued that this number distributed throughout the Dominion does not disclose an alarming position, but, as billets are very scarce at the present time, it will require the sustained efforts of the Department and the continued co-operation of all employers to prevent the unemployment situation from becoming acute. A graph covering operations since the inception of the Department is given below, and shows the number of men placed in employment each month and the number remaining on the register.

EMPLOYMENT OF DISCHARGED SOLDIERS. In this graph the black bars show the number of men placed in employment each month by the Repatriation Department. The white bars show the number remaining on the register.

Unemployment sustenance at the rate of £2 2s. per week to the soldier, 10s. per week to the wife, and 3,5. od. per week for each child (not exceeding.four) may be paid in cases of hardship, but during the past twelve months it has been necessary to grant this form of assistance in only forty-one cases (at a cost of £231),

56 64 1 6 164 6 456 89 7 61

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Section ll.—Training. The Department at its inception made provision for the training of incapacitated soldiers in suitable trades and professions, arid a large, number of men availed themselves of the opportunity of enrolling for training in some class of work which would ensure them a fair remuneration. Training is provided for— (a.) Partially disabled soldiers who owing to war services are unable to resume their pre-war occupations ; (b.) Those who enlisted at a comparatively early age and had not acquired a trade or calling, or who are engaged in dying industries ; (c.) Apprentices whose indentures were interrupted by war service ; (d.) Soldiers' widows. Our work in the training section has shown a marked and steady decrease during the past few months, which is an indication that the repatriation of our soldiers is well on the way to completion. (1.) Subsidized Workers. One very important activity is the training of men in the various private workshops, factories, &o.j by the help of subsidized wages. The employer undertakes to train the applicant in the particular trade or calling, and pay the trainee a wage as fixed by a wages committee consisting of a representative of the trades-union concerned, the employer, and a representative of the Repatriation Department. The difference between the employer's wage and £3 per week is made up by the Department, such subsidy being quite irrespective of any pension allowance which the trainee is receiving. The wages paid by the employer are reviewed quarterly by the wages committee, and any increase granted during the currency of the permit is paid to the trainee and does not affect the Government subsidy. The trades taught include tailoring, bootmaking, watchmaking, wire-mattress making, electrical engineering, bag and trunk making, carpentry, wire-weaving, electrical drafting, fanning, photography, wicker-working, plumbing, french-polishing, vulcanizing, hairdressing, machinery salesman, drapery, wool-classing, sheet-metal working, motor-car and coach painting, cabinet making, sailmaking, motor mechanics, dental mechanics, &c. (2.) Special Glasses. The Department established special classes in the chief centres in motor mechanics, sheet-metal work, boot making and repairing, and general commercial subjects. These classes were greatly availed of by the soldiers, but as the demand for instruction lessened it was found possible during the past year to discontinue all but the bootmaking class at Auckland, the commercial class at Wellington, and the boot-repairing class at Christchureh. Special classes were also inaugurated for men desirous of studying for the Public Service Entrance Examination, the qualifying examination for permanent appointment to the Public Service, and permanent billets have been found by the Public Service Commissioner for all those men who passed the examination. (3.) Technical Schools. The Department has been fortunate in having the valued co-operation of the Education Department and the Boards, Directors, and staffs of the technical schools throughout the Dominion. A discharged soldier .may receive free tuition in almost any subject at the technical colleges, and the men have not been slow to take advantage of the facilities offered for learning their chosen trades or for bettering their position and prospects. Sustenance is paid to trainees as follows : When attending full-time classes of thirty hours or more per week —Soldier, £2 10s. per week ; wife, 10s. per week; children (not exceeding four), each 3s. 6d. per week, plus pension. When attending under thirty hours per week —Soldier, £2 10s. per week; wife, 10s. per week ; children (not exceeding four), each 3s. 6d. per week, inclusive of pension. (4.) Training in Universities, Special Schools, and Colleges. The professional training of discharged soldiers has not been neglected, and the Department showed itself anxious to assist men (particularly disabled men) whose courses of study were interrupted by military service, or men who showed special aptitude and ability for their chosen professions. In a good many instances men work during the day, and the Department assists with their fees whilst they are attending the evening lectures at the universities or 2->rivatc schools and colleges. Others devote their whole time to their studies, and, at the discretion of the District Repatriation Boards, may be paid sustenance on the same basis as laid down for other trainees. When financial assistance is likely to reach a large amount, as in the medical course, it is generally granted by way of loan, to be repaid by the student when he is in a position to do so. Grants are also made in approved cases towards the purchase of necessary text-books, &c. (5.) Apprentices. Many young men who enlisted while serving their terms of apprenticeship were on resumption of their pre-war occupations assisted and had their wages made up by the Department to —single men, £3 per week, plus pension ; married men, £3 ss. per week, plus pension. (6.) Farm Training. As the demand for training in farming was so great, the Department made arrangements for the tuition of soldiers at Ruakura and Weraroa State Farms, and established special farms at Motuihi (Auckland), Taulierenikau and Penrose (Wellington), Avonhead (Canterbury), and Moa Seed-farm

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(Otago). Some six hundred men have been trained in these institutions, and as a decided falling-off in the number of applicants was noticed six months ago the training at Motuihi, Penrose, and Weraroa was discontinued, whilst negotiations are proceeding with the Department of Agriculture as to the future policy regarding Avonhead and Moa Seed-farm. This will leave the Department with a training-centre at Tauherenikau (where men suffering from tubercular disease are taught. poultryraising, beekeeping, and horticulture;) and Ruakura (where similar instruction in light farming is provided for disabled soldiers incapable of carrying on their old occupations). Summary of Training Section. Training and tuition have been arranged for 7,193 mjsn under the various schemes, and there are 1 ,181 still in training. The success attained has been most marked, as will be gathered from the fact that 91-14 per cent, of the trainees who have finished training completed their courses satisfactorily, and were absorbed by the industry or calling in which they were trained. Some 5 per cent, of the men were unfortunately compelled to give up, mainly on account of ill health, whilst less than 4 per cent, had their training cancelled owing to misconduct. The following table shows the number being trained at the 20th August, 1921, in the various groups of industry in each of the four districts : —

The graph and chart below show the number of men for whom training has been arranged each month, and the number of men actually in training month by month, since the commencement of operations early in 1919.

TRAINING OF DISCHARGED SOLDIERS.

In this graph the white bars show the number of men for whom training has been arranged each month. The black bars show the total number actually in training at the 20th of each month.

8 8 46 4 489 231 6746 4 1

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TRAINING OF DISCHARGED SOLDIERS.

In this graph the light shading shows the number of men for whom training has been arranged each month. The dark shading shows the total number actually in training at the 20th of each month. Section III. After-care Work. A branch of the Department was set up to deal with the after-care of seriously disabled soldiers, especially the blind, tubercular, limbless, &c. Creat success attended the efforts of the after-care officers, who did much in inducing soldiers to take up suitable occupations, arranging training, &e. The officers covered a wide area in their tours of inspection, but during the past year, as most of the incapacitated men had been repatriated, the work of the After-care Branch was absorbed in the Head Office and the four District Offices. (a.) Blind Soldiers. —Twenty-four men who lost their sight at the war have returned to New Zealand. They have all had valuable training at St. Dunstan's in England, and it is pleasing to report that they are comfortably settled in the Dominion, and, notwithstanding their grave disability, appear to be most cheerful and contented. (6.) Tuberculosis. —This disease is probably the most serious of all the disabilities that come under the notice of the Department. This was early recognized, and a sound policy was adopted. During the past year the Department's Special Tuberculosis Officer has conducted a thorough inspection throughout New Zealand, interviewing men who have any chest trouble, such as pleurisy, pneumonia, asthma, bronchitis, or tuberculosis. Already some 1 ,765 such cases have been interviewed, and of this number 1,009 were medically examined, 55 were sent into the Sanatorium for the necessary treatment, 54 into hospital, and 375 made out-patients of hospital, and 29 were transferred from their present surroundings, either on account of climatic conditions or their present occupations being unsuitable, whilst 793 houses were inspected to see whether the living-conditions were satisfactory. In addition to the training available to these men at Tauherenikau in poultry-raising, beekeeping, and marketgardening, efforts have been made to train a number in some suitable light outdoor work, including bootmaking, outside plumbing, motor-driving, carpentering, and painting. Our officers are in the closest touch with the Defence Department (which arranges the best of treatment, provision of shelters, &c), the Pensions Department (which attends to the regular payment of the pensions due;), and the Lands Department (which gives special attention to the settling of tubercular men on the land). (e.) Limbless Men. —About, 960 soldiers returned to New Zealand suffering from amputation of limbs, and the Department spared no efforts in their repatriation. Suitable training and employment was arranged for all who on account of their disabilities could not resume their pre-war occupation, and it is gratifying to report that most of these maimed men are now settled.

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Section IV. —Financial Assistance. District Boards or Provincial Committees are empowered to grant financial assistance, to discharged soldiers, soldiers' widows, nurses, and widowed mothers as follows : — (a.) Business Loans. —It Was recognized that returned soldiers better fitted for business in a city or town than for land-settlement had a right to help by loan. Therefore provision was made for loans, not exceeding £300, to enable a man to establish a business or to purchase one. A sum of £50 is lent free of interest, and the remainder bears interest at 5 per cent, per annum. Already men have been set up in over 180 different kinds of business. As a general principle the Department, in the interests of the individual and the community alike, has to make sure that an applicant has not only the necessary experience in a business, but has also a fair prospect of success in view of the competition that he may meet. Precautions have also to be taken against loading a locality with an extra business not needed by the population. In this connection a very great amount of work has been done by the various Boards and Committees in investigating applications for business loans. Each applicant is carefully examined, the suitability and prospects of the business arc fully gone into, and the loan is not granted unless the Board is convinced that by approving it they are serving the soldier's best interests. Up to the 20th August, 1921, a total of 5,842 business loans have been granted, entailing an expenditure of approximately £1,180,000. The following list gives an idea of the remarkable diversity of businesses in which discharged soldiers have been assisted to make a start:— Accountants .. .. 12 Fancy-goods businesses .. 19 Music-teachers .. .. 0 Advertising .. .. 2 Farming* (general) .. .. 621 Newspaper-proprietors .. 8 Agencies . . .. 10 Farming (poultry) .. .. 72 Newspaper-vendors .. .. 2 Architects . . . . .. 9 Fat and skin dealers . . 4 Opticians .. .. .. 2 Artificial-limb manufacturers 3 Fibrous-plaster businesses .. 3 Oxy-aoetylene .. .. 1 Asphalting .. .. 1 Fishing businesses .. .. 201 Paperhangers and painters .. 41 Auctioneers .. .. 15 Flax-mill business .. .. 1 Patent-medicine manufacturing 1 Bacon-factories .. .. 2 Forwarding agents .. .. 20 Perambulator-makers .. 2 Bakers .'. .. .. 73 Fruit and confectionery business 157 Photographers .. .. 27 Barristers and solicitors .. 32 Fruit-growing . . .. 27 Physical oulturist .. . . 1 Basketmakers .. .. 0 Fruit-canning .. .. 1 Piano-importers •• .. 6 Bedstead-makers .. .. 1 Foundries .. . . .. 3 Picture-frame makers .. 4 Bee-farming .. .. 60 Furniture dealers and manu- Picture-theatres . . .. 13 Billiard-saloons .. .. 25 facturers.. .. .. 54 Pig-farmers .. .. 6 Blacksmiths .. .. 74 Gardening (market) .. .. 7 Plasterers .. .. .. 2 Boardinghouse and private- Gardening (nursery).. .. 12 Plumbers .. .. ..54 hotel keepers .. .. 26 Gas and range fitters .. 2 Pork-butchers .. .. 2 Boatbuildors . . .. 2 Glass-bevelling .. .. 1 Printing .. .. 27 Booksellers and stationers .. 39 Golf materials . . .. 1 Quarries .. .. . . 2 Boot-importers . . .. 30 Grain-merchants . . .. 7 Rabbiting .. .. .. 6 Boot-manufacturers .. 35 Greengrocers .. . . 3 Radiologist .. .. 1 Boot-repairers .. .. 29 Gristing-mill .. .. 1 Restaurants ..' .. 53 Boring plants .. .. 2 Grocery and general store .. 303 Saddlers .. .. 21 .Bottle-merchants .. .. ■ 2 Hairdressers and tobacconists 89 Sauce-manufacturers .. 2 Boxmaker .. .. .. 1 Hardware .. .. 20 Sawmilling .. .. 58 Brassfinishcrs .. .. 2 Hat-manufacturers .. .. 4 Schools (private) .. .. 2 Builders .. . . 87 Hauling business .. .. 12 Scoria business .. .. 3 Butchers .. . . 85 Hawking business .. .. 4 Scows .. .. . . 3 Button-manufactui ers . . 1 Heat-appliance agents .. 2 Sculptors .. .. .. 3 Buyer, island trade .. .. 1 Horse-trainers .. .. 5 Shipwrights .. .. 2 Cab-proprietor .. .. 1 Hospitals (private) .. .. 18 Sharebrokers .. .. 2 Cabinotmaking .. .. 43 Indent agents .. .. 35 Shirtmakors .. .. 3 Canteen . . . . . . 1 Insurance agents .. .. 10 Skating-rink .. . . 1 Carriers (horse) .. .. 236 [interpreter (Native) .. 1 Soap-manufacturers .. 1 Carriers (motor) .. .. 351 Ironmongers .. .. 4 Sporting outfitters .. .. 2 Chaff -cutting .. . . 47 Jam-manufacturers .. .. 1 Stock-dealer .. .. 1 Chairmaking . . .. 7 Labour agent .. .. 1 Strawberry-growing .. 2 Cheesemaking . . . . 49 Land agents .. .. 33 Stud horse .. . . 1 Chemists .. .. 35 Laundries .. .. .. 4 Surveyors .. .. .. 15 Chimney-sweeps .. .. 2 Leather-merchants .. .. 5 Swing and hammock maker .. 1 Chiropodist . . .. 2 Lighting business .. .. 1 Tailors .. .. .. 39 Coach-building . . .. 17 Lime-manufacturers .. 2 Tanner and furrier .. .. 1 Coach-painting . . . . 6 Livery and bait stables .. 11 Taxidermist . . . . 1 Coal and firewood merchants 91 Log-hauling . . . . (> Tea-merchants . . . . 5 Commercial artist .. . . 1 Luggage agents .. . . 6 Tentmaker . . .. 1 Commercial journal . . . . 1 Machinery agents .. . . 4 Threshing businesses . . 28 Concrete -construction .. 2 Mail-order business .. .. (i Tiling and slating .. .. 5 Contractors .. .. 208 Mail-service .. .. 24 Timber-merchants .. .. 5 Cool storage (fruit) . . .. 2 Manufacturers' agents . . 27 Tinware-manufacturers . . 4 Correspondence schools . . 3 Marble-bar .. . . 1 Typewriter-repairers .. 3 Customhouse agents.. .. 4 Marine dealers .. .. 4 Umbrcllamakor .. .. 1 Cycle businesses .. .. 19 Masseurs . . .. . . 8 Undertaker , .. .. 2 Dairy business and milk-veu- Meroery and soft goods .. 32 Upholsterers .. .. 3 dors .. .. 80 Merchants (general) .. 19 Vacuum-cleaners . . . . 2 Dealers .. .. .. 6 Messengers (express) .. 2 Veterinary surgeons .. 3 Drapers .. .. 28 Millinery .. .. .. 2 Vulcanizing businesses .. 22 Dentists .. .. ..35 Mineral waters and cordials Watchmakers and jewellers •■ 25 Draughtsmen . .. .. 2 manufacturing . . .. 15 Well-boring businesses .. 5 Drovers .. .. .. 3 Mining .. .. .. 6 Whaling .. .. .. 1 Doctors .. .. 34 Monumental masons .. 2 Wood-turning .. .. T Duck-farmer .. .. 1 Motor-bus service .. .. 17 Wool-dealers .. .. 6 Dwellings .. . ■ 33 Motor garage and repairs . . 177 Wool-press manufacturer .. 1 Dyers and cleaners .. .. 7 Motor-cars (taxi) .. .. 212 Wool-weaver .. .. 1 Engineering businesses .. 90 Motor-launch servico .. 31

*It will be noticed that 621 farmers have been assisted. The applications were outside the scope of the Lands Department, and in such cases the Repatriation Department considers applications for assistance up to £300 for the purchase of stock, &c.

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(6.) Furniture Loans. —Amounts not exceeding £75 (free of interest) may be loaned for the purchase of essential household furniture, and in such cases applicants are required to produce the vendor's price-list of the articles required. These loans are granted only to married men (or men with dependants requiring a loan) who are in employment, or who are established in business, and also to soldiers' widows. 11,756 furniture loans have been granted, totalling £583,722. (c.) Tools of Trade, Equipment, &c. —An amount not exceeding £50 (free of interest) may be advanced for the purchase of tools of trade, professional instruments, or such other articles of personal equipment as may be deemed necessary to the applicant in the exercise of his calling. 1,034 app ications of this nature have been granted, at a cost of £21,872. (d.) Assisted Passages. —Grants not exceeding £50 may be made to an incapacitated soldier or the widow of a deceased soldier in respect of passage-money beyond New Zealand, provided the Board or Local Committee is satisfied that such a change of location is desirable or necessary. Very few applications have been received under this heading, and only 129 have been granted to date, but 2,751 men have been assisted with fares to billets found for them within the Dominion. The following graph shows the number of applications for financial assistance approved and the number declined each month. From this it will be seen that applications show a steady decline since last report, having dropped from 900 per month to less than 400 per month.

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR DISCHARGED SOLDIERS.

In this graph the black bars show the number of applications for financial assistance approved by the Repatriation Department each month. The white bars show the number declined. EXPENDITURE ON SOLDIERS. The Department has rendered financial assistance to 29,666 men, at a cost of £2,051,483. The following table gives details of the expenditure under the various categories : — Number Amount. Loans :— of Cases. £ Business .. .. .. ..5,842 1,079,253 Furniture .. .. .. '. . 11,756 583,722 Tools, &c. .. .. .. .. ..1,034 21,872 Grants :— Training fees, sustenance, &c. .. .. .. 7,193 354,269 Unemployment sustenance ., .. 1,09.0 5,390 Transportation .. ..■ .. 2,751 6,977 Totals .. .. .. 29,666 2,051,483 The figures given show that 82 per cent, of the amount expended has been advanced to soldiers by way of loan, the bulk of the remainder being expenditure upon training facilities, sustenance of trainees, &c. With the decline in applications for financial assistance there has been a corresponding decrease in expenditure, and whereas payments to soldiers twelve months ago ran to £100,000 a month, the expenditure for August, 1921, amounted to only £32,000. Repayments. The fixing of the rate of repayment of loans is entrusted to the Local Board or Committee recommending the advance, and the general policy is to fix a rate that, while not bearing too hardly upon the grantor, will at the same time ensure the liquidation of the loan within a reasonable period —say, three or four years. In most cases terms are fixed for a period of twelve months, when the position is reviewed and the conditions varied if necessary.

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EXPENDITURE ON DISCHARGED SOLDIERS AND REPAYMENT OF LOANS.

In this chart the dark shading shows the Repatriation Department's expenditure on discharged soldiers each month. The light shading shows the amounts repaid by soldiers each month.

The Department has adopted a policy of firmness with regard to repayments, and requires a strict adherence by the grantor to the terms of his agreement. A debtor who is honestly doing his best in the face of adverse circumstances receives a sympathetic hearing and is, if possible, assisted by the Department to pull through, but the wilful defaulter is given no latitude. The last arrears return prepared shows that 85 per cent, of the 17,223 men who had then received loans were up to date with their payments, and that £91 Bs. 6d. had been collected for each £100 accrued due. The total collection up to the 31st August, 1921, amounted to £706,255 (42 per cent, of the total loan advances), and the monthly payments at present exceed £41,000 —a rate of £500,000 per annum. The graph and chart given below show clearly the trend of expenditure upon soldiers and the repayment collections : —

EXPENDITURE ON DISCHARGED SOLDIERS.

In this graph the black bars show the Repatriation Department's expenditure on discharged soldiers each month. The white bars show the amounts repaid by soldiers each month.

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The position disclosed by the diagrams is eminently satisfactory, and indicates that the great ' majority of the men are doing well and are loyally meeting their obligations. Many instances could be cited of successful business ventures of assisted soldiers, but it will no doubt suffice to quote the number who have entirely repaid the loans advanced. Up to the end of July, 1921, some 913 business, 764 furniture, and 481 tools-of-trade loans had been repaid in full, and numbers of others are nearing the final instalment. The losses sustained through the default of grantors are not large, and the Ministerial Board has only found it necessary to write off deficits in exactly 100 cases—the average loss being £57. An analysis shows that misfortune was the cause of failure in thirty-two cases, whilst the other ( sixty-eight men proved to be unsatisfactory and have only themselves to blame for their failure and wasted opportunity. ADMINISTRATION E XPENDIT LIRE. The administration expenses of the Department from its inception to the end of August, 1921, total £132,825, or 6 per cent, of the gross expenditure. Many economies have been effected during the past twelve months—Boards and Committees have been placed upon a purely honorary basis, staffs and rentals have been reduced, &c. As the work decreases it has been the policy of the Department to close the smaller provincial offices and arrange for the work to be performed by a secretary (with an honorarium), who provides his own office accommodation, staff, &c. This policy is being gradually extended as the operations of the Department continue to decrease, and a considerable saving is thus being effected. BOARDS, COMMITTEES, AND STA.l<M<\ In conclusion I would place on record the excellent work that has been done during the year by the gentlemen on the various Boards and Committees throughout the Dominion, and by the members of the staff in the different offices. J. R. Samson, Wellington, 15th September, 1921. Director of Repatriation.

Approrimate Cost of Paper. —Preparation, not given ; printing (800 copies, including graphs), £26.

Authority : Marcus F. Marks, Government Printer, Wellington.—l92l,

Price Is. i

2—H. 30.