PRISONS (REPORT ON) FOR THE YEAR 1920-21.

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1921 Session I-II, H-20

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Session 11. 1921. NEW ZEALAN. D-

PRISONS (REPORT ON) FOR THE YEAR 1920-21.

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

The Hon. the Minister tn Charge of the Prisons Department to His Excellency the GovernorGeneral. My Lord,— Wellington, 17th August, 1921. I have the honour to submit to Your Excellency the report of the Prisons Department for the year 1920-21. I have, &c, E. P. Lee, Minister in Charge of Prisons Department.

The Controller-General of Prisons to the Hon. the Minister in Charge of Prisons Department. Sir, — Prisons Department, Wellington, 31st July, 1921. I have the honour to present the fortieth annual report of the Prisons Department, for the year 1920-21, together with the criminal statistics for the calendar year end°d 31st December, 1920. Prison Population : Comparative Figures. An analysis of the criminal statistics for 1920 shows that 3,491 offenders were received into prison during the year, compared with 3,207 for the previous twelve months, an increase of 284 ; while the daily average number of prisoners in all the prisons of the Dominion worked out at 939-69 for 1920, against 1,004-34 for 1919 and 981-95 for 1918. In comparing the figures for the three years it must, however, be remembered that in 1918 and 1919 the number of inmates of the prisons and prison institutions was largely augmented by the presence of a considerable percentage of military court-martialled prisoners who could not be legitimately classed as criminals. In order, therefore, to arrive at a proper estimate of the increase or decrease in the criminal population it is necessary to deduct from the figures for the three years the daily average number of persons who were serving sentences for purely military offences (failure to enlist, refusal to serve in the. Forces, &c). All offenders in this category were discharged before the end of 1920, except two who were sentenced to long terms by military Courts-martial outside the Dominion for serious civil offences (manslaughter and attempted murder). The daily average number of military court-martialled prisoners for 1920 was 34-07, for 1919 192-80, and for 1918 222-928. The average criminal population is therefore reduced to 905-62 in 1920, to 811-54 in 1919, and to 759-022 in 1918. There was thus an actual increase of 94-08, or 11-58 per cent., in the daily average number of criminal prisoners over the figures for 1919, and 146-59, or 19-31 per cent., over 1918. In 1913, the last complete period before the war, the daily average prison population was 893-24, or 12-38 hiss than for the year under review. I drew attention in my last year ; s report to the satisfactory decrease in the daily average number of criminals in our prisons in 1919 compared with the pre-war year, but pointed out that we were then " floating upon a wave of apparent prosperity " that probably accounted for this somewhat

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unexpected position after the conclusion of a great war, and that if the conditions changed for the worse the " change would be reflected in our criminal statistics." That the altered conditions prevailing during the past twelve months have had the expected ill effect is further evidenced by the fact that the daily average prison population for the financial year ended 31st March last was 965-03, while the number of prisoners in all the prisons on the 30th July of this year (1921) was 1,050. The fluctuations in the prison population from 1881 to 1920 (inclusive) are shown in the table below :-—

Daily Average, 1881 to 1920.

Prisoners sentenced by Military Courts-martial. The class of prisoners covered by the above heading is now practically non-existent, the only men remaining who come within the category being two who were sentenced for long terms by Courtsmartial outside the Dominion for civil offences (manslaughter and attempted murder). The figures covering the period from 1915 to 1920 (inclusive) are accordingly published for the last time.

Military Court-martialled Prisoners in Civil Prisons. — Daily Average Number in Custody in the. Principal Prisons of the Dominion during Six Years ended 31st December, 1920.

Expenditure and Receipts. The gross expenditure of the Department under all heads for the financial year ended 31st March, 1921, was £127,444, compared with £109,528 for the previous year, an increase of £17,916. Of this sum the genera] increase in salaries granted to all officers of the Public Service, together with a limited increase of staffs, accounted for £13,969 ; the ration account, for £2,776 ; and purchase of tools, material, and motor vehicles, including running-costs to enable the Department to carry on its extended works policy, for the balance. As the Department has no control over the allotment of salaries, the number of prisoners committed to its charge, nor of the cost of food and clothing, it will thus be seen that the actual increase for which the administrative officers can be held responsible amount dto £1,171. This sum may be fairly debited to operating-expenses —in other words, to the production of revenue. The increase under this head, as shown by the Treasury figures for the financial year, amounted to £7,959, so that the additional outlay is fully justified by results. It must not be forgotten that as a set-off against the annual expenditure of the Department in recent years is the asset that is being created by the acquisition and breeding of stock, purchase of implements, manures, grass-seed, &c. On the 31st March last the Department's live-stock was valued at £13,036.

Daily Average if Prisoners in Do minion Prisons. Year. Males. Females, Totals. 1881 .. 1891 .. 1911 .. 1912 .. 1913 .. 1914 .. 1915 .. 1910 .. 1917 .. 1918 .. 1919 .. 1920 .. 631-66 459-22 799-08 855-28 826-69 916-09 93133 895-99 817-27 896-98 936-28 872-59 94-37 58-39 64-18 64-07 66-55 63-72 76-79 82-78 96-99 84-97 68-06 67-10 726-03 517-61 863-26 919-35 893-24 979-81 1,008-12 942-77 914-26 981-95 1,004-34 939-69 I

Institution. 1915. 1916. I 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920. Auckland Invercargill Kaingaroa Lyttelton Paparua Roto-aira Waikeria Wellington Wi Tako 0-756 0-016 0-557 0-016 1-980 0-104 0-360 0-600 4-717 3-500 39-030 2-010 32-040 0-032 0-065 2-229 44-256 20-700 22-250 10-400 58-300 J 4-640 22-270 10-52 33-21 21-58 0-20 42-61 15-03 52-30 10-91 6-44 3-57 1-46 3-38 3-79 0-410 7-92 3-32 10-63 0-512 Totals . . 1-694 3-017 54-111 222-928 192-80 34-07

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The table given below illustrates clearly the large percentage increase in the cost of rationing since the pre-war period. An improved dietary has been brought into operation in some of our reformatory institutions during the past two or three years, but the alterations that have been made in this respect account for only a fraction of the per capita increase over all.

Average Cost per Head of Prisoners' Rations from 1909 to the 31st March, 1921.

Receipts. It will be seen from the following table that the earnings of the Department continue to increase at a substantial rate as each year passes and the farms and industries arc developed :- - Cash receipts and credits— „ 1916-17 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9,867 1917-18 .. .." .. .. .. .. .. 15,083 1918-19 .. .. .. .. .... .. 21,654 1919-20 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 31,177 1920-21 .. .. .. .. .. 39,136 While the return for 1920-21, as shown by the Treasury figures, is substantial and marks a considerable advance over the previous year, it is less by £7,287 than the actual earnings for the past financial year, owing to the failure of some of the Departments to credit the Prisons vote with the amounts due before the 31st March. The larger proportion of the additional cash receipts was derived from the farm properties at Waikeria, Paparua, and Invercargill, while a large increase in the output of crushed metal and spawls from the Auckland Prison quarry helped materially to augment our revenue. So far as the farms are concerned, our chief source of income is from our dairy herds at Waikeria and Invercargill, and from the sales of fat stock from the latter place. The returns from Paparua, where sheep-raising and cropping have hitherto been our mainstays, were adversely affected by the fall in the value of wool and mutton and by a particularly dry season. Our wool-clip still remains unsold, and our receipts for the financial year have suffered accordingly. In addition to the large annual return now obtained from our farms and industries, I have to draw attention to the assets that arc being created for the State by the steady development of our properties by prison labour. The Waikeria Estate, upon which work was first commenced in 1912-13, and which was acquired for approximately £3,000, has now a marketable value of fully £23,000. The land was in its virgin state when our first camp was established upon it, and, while it would naturally have appreciated in value to some extent during the first eight years without improvement, it must be conceded that the bulk of the increased value is due to cultivation. In addition to the work upon the land we have erected institutional buildings, milking-sheds, cottages, &c, in which there is at least £10,000 worth of labour. At Invercargill prison labour has been used to reclaim an area of approximately 2,250 acres of rich estuary land from the sea. This area, which was formerly covered with water at high tide, is now carrying splendid grass and crops, and is grazed over by our dairy herds and stock of different kinds. For the work involved in building the extensive embankments required to shut out the sea the Prisons Department received as payment a block of 650 acres of the reclaimed land. A conservative estimate of the value of this area at the present time is £24,000. The larger part of the area enclosed by the embankments (1,599 acres) is the property of the Invercargill Borough Council, on whose behalf the work was undertaken ; this land is now worth at least £51,000. We thus have land worth £75,000, which will easily double in value in the next ten years, where a few years ago was a valueless muddy waste. At Templeton, where we commenced operations in 1915, our developmental operations have resulted in bringing about an increase in value of at least £13,000. The value of the labour expended on the erection of institutional buildings, stables, cottages, &c, in the same time is not less than £10,000. It will thus be seen that in the past few years the Prisons Department has, by the intelligent use of prison labour, increased the value of the lands of the Dominion by at least £108,000.

Year. Total Expenditure on Rations. Number of Prisoners. Cost per Head. 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916-17 1917-18 1918-19 1919-20 1920-21 £ 809-84 90173 863-26 919-35 893-24 979-81 1,008-12 920-15 941-11 1,003-43 965-07 965-03 £ 8,544 9,322 8,494 9,405 9,754 11,555 15,099 15,092 15,522 16,473 17,294 18,766 10-55 ' 10-33 9-83 10-23 10-91 11-79 1497 16-41 I 6-64 16-41 17-93 19-44

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When considering the labour value per capita of the prisoners of the Dominion it must be remembered that our prison population is partly composed of derelicts who are unable to work, of old men who are incapable of carrying out anything but the lightest tasks, and of men whose previous avocations unfit them for manual labour until a considerable period after their admission. The really able-bodied competent labourers among the prisoners are working fully as well as, if not better than, men employed at similar work outside; but the large percentage of " drones " necessarily causes the total output of work from the central prisons, where they arc confined, to be loss than would otherwise be the case. The cash receipts and credits brought to charge for the financial year are shown in detail in Table 1 below :—

Table 1.—Cash received and Amounts credited to the Prisons Vote for the Year ended 31st March, 1921.

Value of Prison Labour for which neither Cash nor Financial Credits are received. While the figures quoted in the preceding table indicate that a satisfactory cash return has been obtained from the employment of able-bodied prisoners, much important work is carried out by the Department for which no financial credit whatever is received. Under a standard system of interdepartmental book-keeping a credit equivalent to the labour value of the work would be shown in the general accounts, but under existing conditions each Department has to consider a charge made against it by another Department as if it were a definite increase to the departmental expenditure, whereas such payments arc merely transfers or book entries. In order that a proper record may be kept of the value of all prison labour it has been the Department's practice during the past few years to have the value of the work for which no payment i-i received carefully estimated on strictly conservative lines at the end of the year, and the result embodied in a tabular statement that is published in each year's report. The figures for 1920 21 are contained in Table 2 below :—

Table 2.—Total Value of Prison Labour employed on Roads, Buildings, Reclamation, Wall-building, and other Public Works, for which no Financial Credit has been received, for the Year ended 31st March, 1921.

In addition to the large output of constructional and other reproductive work shown in the two preceding tables, a large amount of prison labour is required to develop the farming properties, to make boots and clothing for the inmates and officers, to carry on the domestic services, and to do the numberless things that are necessary in connection with the management of the institutions.

Prison or Institution. ra£t& Farm- Farm ,,.,„ to 1c P roduM - 8t °<*- Blockf J&t Sale "Kg? 1 and of FircTiioa' Bealiza- wood. 1Ue8 - tions. Boots. Prison Labour on Public Buildings. InverBoad- cargill works. Bine itango. Totals. Auckland Invercargill .. Kaingaroa Napier New Plymouth Paparua Waikeria Wellington Wi Tako Miscellaneous £ £ £ £ 6,682 2,703 6,162 92 120 338 .. .. .. 692 270 ..I 789 967 2,680 212 16 95 1,190 £ £ £ £ £ £ 1,033 £ £ £ £ 7,715 11,533 2,882 338 962 7,640 2,982 1,445 55 3,584 6,162 120 218 2,670 2,450 967 212 95 917 1,062 3,905 1,190 I I I 55 90 33 Totals .. 7,712 6,550 7,556 1,190 7,712 6,550 7,556 1,190 1,135 2,670 166 2,095 3,905 123 2,450 39,136

Prison. Buildings and Walls. Construction and Maintenance of Roads. Excavationwork and Preparation of Necessary Grounds. A I 2 § « •S 9Jrld o '5 » 11 Oh I'llecti'iclighting Drainage- ,., , , Installa- works. j xotals - tion. Auckland tnvercargill Paparua Point Halswell Waikeria Wellington Wi Tako £ 1,547 2,203 1,100 1,120 1,225 £ 1,150 1,074 51 408 156 £ 120 554 £ 520 705 £ 874 £ 165 £ 1,574 £ 3.502 6,984 1,151 1,558 1,774 2,110 3,164 30 61 2,110 650 250 82 1,200 67 557 690 Totals . 2,906 3,495 2,032 874 195 2,346 20,243 8,395

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This entails a large expenditure of labour that has a definite value to the State. On a low assessment the total value of such labour in each institution is as shown in Table 3 below :—

Table 3.—Value of Prison Labour employed on Prison Works and Industries, for which Cash Credits are not obtained, for the Year ended 31st March, 1921.

Summary. £ Gash and financial credits for the year 1920-21 . . . . . . 39,136 Estimated value of prison labour employed on public works for which neither cash nor financial credit was received . . . . . . 20,243 Estimated value of prison labour employed on farms, industries, or domestic work, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 26,029 « Total value of prison labour, 1920-21 .. .. .. £85,408 The, above figures show that, while the gross expenditure for the past financial year was £.127,444, the total value of prison labour during the same period was £85,408. ' Tree-planting. Last, year's report referred to the cessation of tree-planting by prison labour, and gave the final figures covering the operations of the. Department in this direction since the scheme was first launched in 1901. Our last afforestation cam]) on the Kaingaroa Plains was finally abandoned on the 31st July, 1920. The huts, buildings, plant, and material of all kinds were taken over by the Forestry Department, the sum of £2,000 being credited to the Prisons vote to recoup the Prisons Department to some extent for the expenditure incurred during the period of its occupation. Employment of Prison Labour. From the preceding tables it will be seen that the works organization of the Department has shown tangible results, and that the high level attained last year has in no way been reduced. The various works in progress when the 1919 20 report was written have been much advanced, and in some cases completed, while other undertakings of considerable magnitude have been entered upon. The report of the Inspector and Supervisor of Works sets out in detail the volume of work carried through during the year at each of the institutions, prisons, or camps. The breaking-iii and improvement of our different properties has proceeded so satisfactorily that the time is fast approaching when it will be necessary to acquire other and larger areas of unimproved land if the Department is to continue its policy of developing the public estate in the interest of production and settlement. It is perfectly obvious that when our properties are fully developed and have become cultivated farms there will not be sufficient employment in connection with ordinary agricultural work to provide full and profitable occupation for all the men at present available. This position has already had the attention of the Department, and a proposition has been placed before the Government that, if accepted, will result in much useful work in the interest of settlement being carried out within the next few years. Payment of "Wages to Prisoners with Dependants. In terms of the announcement made in last year's Budget, regulations were gazetted in December, 1920, providing for the payment of wages to prisoners with necessitous dependants, the new system operating as from the Ist: January, 1921. The rates of pay were fixed on a sliding scale, rising from 6s. to Bs. per day for labourers, and from 7s. 6d. to 10s. per day for skilled workers, a deduction of one-half the total weekly earnings being made to meet the cost of maintenance and

Prison. Bootmaking for Officers and Prisoners. Tailoring (including Gardening Repairs) and and Red Farming. Cross Work. Building- Quarrying, work Levelling of (Mainten- Reserves, ance, &c). &c. Domestic Employ- Totals, ment. Addington Auckland Invercargill Ivaingaroa Napier .. New Plymouth Paparua Roto-aira Waikeria Wellington Wi Tako Minor gaols £ £ £ ..I .. 341 320 .. ! 469 319 319 .. ! 90 75 2,603 15 II 34 10 .. 36 81 92 163 .. ! 750 .. 1,874 35 .. 114 .. 103 .. 2,784 .. 177 1,048 653 29 : . .. 595 18 24 72 C £ i 11 £ £ 560 1,232 2,276 3,536 1,675 4,443 125 185 240 406 420 796 1,164 : 3,788 421 645 1,174 4,061 1,896 5,637 380 1,004 170 296 11 153 120 40 40 75 75 1,863 7 12 12 Totals .. 1,777 1,910 9,067 138 2,136 138 10,501 26,029

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supervision. The actual weekly sum available as a contribution towards the support of dependants, therefore, amounts to 16s. 6d. for the first month, rising to £1 2s. per week in the third month after a prisoner-labourer commences to receive pay. Under the regulations no payments of any kind can be made until a prisoner has served the first three months of his sentence and has passed out of the probationary grade in which he is placed when he is first received into prison. At the time of writing (31st July) the system has been in operation for seven months only, but its beneficial effects are already apparent. Under former conditions the officers responsible for the administration of the Prisons Department were continually aced with pitiable cases of destitution and absolute want among the dependants of prisoners who were known to be energetically and intelligently carrying on the work allotted to them, and were thus creating revenue for the State. Departmentally there was no means of affording the slightest financial relief, although in recent years the actual cash receipts of the Department as a result of the proper use of its labour had grown from a few hundreds of pounds to over £39,000 per annum. Under the new system authorized last year a measure of relief can be given to the innocent sufferers from others' crimes. It may be thought that the payments now being made are less than is warranted by the value of the work performed by the individual prisoners, and that the dependent relatives are not receiving their proper quota of earnings. It must be remembered, however, that in this matter New Zealand is making a somewhat bold departure from established practice, and care must be taken that in the initial stages the scheme does not break down with its own weight. Even under the present limits, conservatism is and must be the watchword of the Department in administering the regulations. Unless full dependency of near relatives is conclusively established by careful inquiry through the recognized channels no prisoner is placed on the " wages list," although every man who works well and conducts himself satisfactorily receives a small payment per diem to establish a fund for his personal use on release. The total amount paid out 1o dependants of prisoners for the first seven months of the calendar year 1921 was £2,130. It will thus be seen that the cost per annum to the State, even of a limited scheme of " wages-payment," is by no means inconsiderable ; but, in view of the fact that the cash earnings of the Department for last financial year amounted to over £39,000, it will, I think, be admitted that the dependants of the prisoners who help to bring in such a substantial annual return are entitled to the consideration they are now receiving. Segregation of Feeble-minded Criminals and the Criminal Insane. For the past lew years it has been apparent that some special provision should be made for those of our criminal population whose offences were due; not to criminal intent, but to mental abnormality. In every prison or prison institution we have a distinct percentage; of individuals who are clearly feeble-minded or are otherwise irresponsible. Under present conditions we have no option but to treat them in the same way as normal prisoners, with such allowances for their subnormality as can be made by the different controlling officers. We have no adequate means of providing special treatment or of recognizing to any appreciable extent the line of demarcation between prisoners who commit offences against the law while in full possession of their faculties and those who have no appreciation of the fact that they are so offending. Another class of offender for whom provision must be made sooner or later is the criminal insane. This class comprises those individuals who have been charged with and are guilty of serious crimes, frequently of capital offences, but who have either been acquitted on the ground of insanity (whose sentences have been commuted on the same ground) or who have become insane after committal to prison. All these cases are transferred to the mental hospitals, where it has been found impossible to make the requisite provision for safe custody. Escapes of really dangerous criminals of homicidal tendencies are consequently hard to prevent, and the public safety is endangered. In addition to the first two classes named there is yet another class who require special treatment and segregation, and that is the offender who is imprisoned for acts of sexual perversion due /to physical disease or disability. ' The three classes of criminals named could readily be confined in one special institution under a system of classification that would provide for treatment -and useful work in the case of classes I and 3, and for safe custody and occupation in the case of the criminal insane. The place for such an institution is undoubtedly on the large estate in the neighbourhood of Te Awamutu on which the Tokanui Mental Hospital and the Waikeria Eeformatory Prison have; been established. The requisite buildings could be erected by prison labour at a minimum cost to the State. The necessary professional staff would be available at Tokanui, while the prison side of the work could be supervised and managed from the Waikeria Reformatory. In other respects our prison administration has kept well abreast of the times, but in regard to the proper treatment, segregation, and control of the three classes of prisoners referred'to we Lave lagged far behind older countries. It is possible that in the past we did not have sufficient offenders coming within the requisite category to justify the provision of a separate and special institution for their accommodation and treatment, but, unfortunately, that cannot be said at the present time. There are now more than enough cases to warrant the establishment of a properly planned and equipped building for this purpose alone. General Progress durinii the Year. Considerable progress was made during the year in building up the mental, moral, and physical welfare of the men and women committed to prison by the Courts of the country. Hitherto it has been the practice to give a resume of our advance each year in a general paragraph, but, in view of the directions issued to all Departments to reduce the matter in their annual reports to the minimum,

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I have decided to eliminate the reports of the controlling officers of the different institutions, and to deal with each institution separately in my own report. While it is regretted that this step has become necessary owing to the exigencies of the present situation, it will result in a considerable saving in space, paper, and printing, and consequently in the carrying-out of the instructions that have been issued. Auckland Prison. A considerable increase during the past year in the daily average number of male prisoners has to be recorded. All able-bodied men were fully employed at soil able work, generally outdoor employment, such as quarrying, stone-dressing, building, &c. The schoolmaster reports: "School progressed satisfactorily during the past year. Adult beginners are naturally slow, and their ability to retain what has been taught them is somewhat weak. In this class the Maori pupils have shown considerable patience and perseverance, and the result is most satisfactory. One Standard \ r l pupil and four in Standard V were presented for examination before the Senior Inspector of Schools, and it is gratifying to report that all were successful. The Standard VI pupil was awarded a proficiency certificate, and his work was highly commended by the Inspector. The same pupil look up a correspondence course in bookkeeping, and the college frequently reported his work as excellent." An Esperanto class, under the tutorship of a well-conducted prisoner, was commenced in the early part of the year, and has proved a oomplete success. The class has had advice and instruction from a leading Esperantist in Wellington, who continues to take a keen interest in its progress. Physical drill, under a competent instructor, has been carried out daily, the general result of which can be noticed in the appearance and bearing of those instructed. The bootmaking industry is in a flourishing condition, .and supplies can in future be manufactured for Departments and institutions other than those at present catered for. The manufacture of coir mats is also being proceeded with, and with supplies of the necessary yarn coming to hand more regularly the industry should become a useful and remunerative one. During the past year the work of reorganizing the system of quarrying was considerably advanced. The installation of modern electrically driven pneumatic drills and the general development of quarrying operations on up-to-date lines necessitated the appointment of a quarrymanager. The increased output since the manager took over control, and the improvement in the quarrying system generally, more than justify his appointment, and the coming year promises to show a further and more pronounced increase in output. lnvercargill Borstal Institution. The evening educational classes have been continued regularly with markedly beneficial results. The senior schoolmaster reports: " A year of steady work lias been done in the teaching of pupils from the primer to Standard VI, and a number who are in advance of Standard VI requirements are being aided in the study of algebra, geometry, French, and kindred subjects. The teachers keep in close touch with one another in their work, interchanging views as to the mental attitude of the inmates towards the work and the spirit that it is hoped to impart to them— the spirit of striving for better things. An arrangement has been made with the local Inspector of Schools to hold examinations at the institution, thus enabling inmates who are qualified to obtain proficiency certificates, and in some cases to obtain certificates for the passing of higher standards than thej' held when entering the institution." The entertainment and recreation of the inmates have been continued, and are being extended as much as possible. The formation of a brass band has been made possible by I lie collection of £200 through the agency of the Prisoners' Aid Society, and a set of instruments has now been purchased. Concerts are being given fortnightly, and thanks arc due to local orchestras and choirs for valuable assistance in this direction. A series of lectures by medical and other experts has been arranged, the subjects including music, electricity, the human body, civilized society, &c. These lectures will be a permanent feature in the institution's activities. A new feature in the history of this institution is the establishment of a special class of wellconducted and industrious youths who take their meals and evening recreation in association. A large dining-room has been prepared for this class, and it is expected that the new venture will prove a valuable aid to the moral uplifting of the inmates. The purchase of a large number of instructive and entertaining books for the institutional library has been appreciated by the inmates. There is an increasing desire on the part of the lads to avail themselves of the opportunity of brightening their lives and extending their knowledge. A large area at the back of the main institution is being prepared for recreation purposes. Well-conducted inmates will, when the grounds are completed, have facilities for the playing of football, cricket, &c. A suitable site for a swimming-bath has been decided upon, and the work of construction, &c, is being actively pushed forward. When the work is completed it is proposed to teach all inmates to swim, who cannot already do so, and to have instructional classes in life-saving. Farming operations have been pressed forward vigorously during the past year. Dairying and fattening of store cattle have yielded good returns, these two lines alone being responsible for gross returns exceeding £8,000. Hitherto a difficulty has been experienced in working large portions of the farm area in the winter mouths owing to lack of drains and flood-gates to carry off water accumulating during high tides. This difficulty lias now been practically overcome. A large flood-gate has been

constructed, and leading to it a canal, '22 ft. in width and 5 fl. deep, is being dug right through

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the farm area. The mud-flats on the reclaimed farm area are gradually being unwatered, and are now being worked up and sown in English grasses. Suitable roads are in course of formation throughout the property, and as it is now possible to obtain gravel by means of the Department's own lighters, the work will be pushed forward more rapidly. Pig-rearing has again been successful, and a handsome profit on the year's work is the result. Although the price of pork has fallen considerably, the rale still obtainable makes pig-rearing quite prolil able. In the dairying branch a pedigreed Friesian completed the eertificate-of-reeord test as a two-year-old, yielding in 365 days 54U28 lb. of butter-fat. Both this heifer and a yearling bull of the same breed were awarded prizes al Hie Southland Agricultural and Pastoral Show this year. . Napier Prison. The statue of this prison wns reduced during the past year with a view to ultimately closing it down and disposing of the reserve to the Napier Borough Council. Up to the present the Council has not been able lo give effeel lo the proposal lo acquire the site, and the usual quarrying operations have been carried on by a reduced number of short-sentenced prisoners, while the Borough Council refunds to the Department the salary of I lie officer who supervises prison labour in the quarry. By this arrangement the Borough Council is enabled to obtain supplies of roadmetal, Are., at a reasonable cost. In order to add to the security of the yards for remand and trial prisoners it will probably be necessary during the coming year to make some minor alterations to the interior arrangements of the prison. All long-sentenced prisoners are sent to other prisons immediately after conviction. • New Plymouth Prison. The chief industry at this prison is the quarrying and napping of stone and stripping mullock from the gravel-bed, the principal customers for these quarry-products being the local Borough Council. Vegetable-gardening bus also been carried on, and all available land has been cultivated, with satisfactory results. Entertainments by way of concerts were provided al intervals for the prisoners, and occasional lectures by the headmaster of the local high school were much appreciated. The prison library has been considerably added to during the year, and the prisoners continue to take full advantage of the opportunities provided for them in this direction. Paparua Prison. A considerable increase in I lie number of prisoners held at Paparua has to be recorded. Work for all able-bodied men is plentiful, the majority being employed on farm-work in its various branches, while a number of the inmates have been employed on building-construction and the making of concrete blocks, tiles, paving-blocks, &0. A further extension of the prison farm area has been rendered possible by the purchase of two small adjoining farms. This land is of good quality, and produced wheat averaging about 43 bushels to the acre. The crops of oats, barley, and peas were again very satisfactory, and the root crops, particularly mangolds, resulted in heavy returns per acre. A considerable acreage of the native-grass land has been cultivated into good pasture, and about 33 acres of poor land sown down in lucerne has proved remarkably successful. The farm carried 1,000 bead of ewes, and the percentage of lambs obtained is considered satisfactory in view of the severe weather which prevailed at lambing-time. The wool-clip was heavy averaging close on 101b. per fleece, but owing to the drop in prices it remains unsold. A successful start on a small scale was made with a Corriedale stud flock, and the prospects of establishing a good flock of this valuable class of sheep are very bright. Pig-rearing lias again proved a profitable branch of (be farm industries. 1 igs sold al the auction markets during the year realized £335. . , . Cash credits amounting to £2,224 19s. Id. were obtained during the past year, the principal amounts being received in respect of sale of lambs, wheal, and pigs. The total credits from all sources, including the value of prison labour on building-construction, &c, amounted during the past financial year to £7,690. . While it will be seen from the foregoing paragraph that tin- material progress ol affairs at Paparua has been marked the Department has been able, thanks to the disinterested efforts of certain philanthropic educationists in Christchurch, to establish classes for those inmates who have evinced a desire for self-improvement. The gentlemen referred to have devoted a considerable amount of time to this work, and the results are eminently satisfactory. Other workers in the interest of social reform have organized a number of successful concerts and entertainments that have done much to relieve the tedium of the inmates' lives, and have assisted in other directions to raise the general moral tone of the institution. Roto-aira Roadmaking Gamp. Durimr the summer months satisfactory progress was made with the formation of the Waimarino Tokaanu Road. A good road suitable for motor traffic has now been completed from Waimarino Railway-station to Otoukou Pa-a distance of twenty-one miles. The rate of progress m the winter months has not been satisfactory, the continuous wet weather making steady work impossible A commencement was made'in November with the transfer of the Lake lloto-aira (-amp buddings to a site near Erua, on the Main Trunk line, with a view to the employment of the prisoners on the

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PAPARUA PRISON FARM, TEMPLETON.

Paparua: Stud Corriedales.

Paparua: Potato-pits.

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PAPARUA PRISON FARM, TEMP'LETON.

Paparua Buildings: Showing West Cell Range, Kitchen Block, with Bathrooms, etc., complete, and Foundation of East Cell Range.

Paparua: Temporary Cell Block (in Wood). (Erected by prison labour to accommodate officers and prisoners employed in building main buildings and in carrying on farming operations.)

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PAPARUA PRISON FARM, TEMPLETON.

Paparua: Concrete-block-making Shed, with Stacks of Blocks in Readiness for Building.

INVERCARGILL BORSTAL INSTITUTION FARM (Reclaimed from tidal waters of Waihopai Estuary.)

Borstal Institution Farm: Fields and Haystacks in Place of Tidal Waters.

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INVERCARGILL BORSTAL INSTITUTION FARM.

Borstal Institution Farm: The Oat-field.

Borstal Institution Farm: Part of the Milking-herd.

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reconstruction of the Ohakune-Waimarino Road. The transfer of camp and prisoners was completed early this year, and the work of getting ready timber for culverts and strengthening bridges is being pushed on. A sawmill has been partially erected, and a start will soon be made in cutting the timber for bridge-work and for other purposes. Waikeria Reform.at.ory for Men. Satisfactory progress has again to be recorded in the general agricultural work at this institution. Eighty acres of new country have been cleared and sown down in grass, and a further area of 120 acres will be ready to grass in the autumn. Dairying continues to show substantial returns, and in order to work the southern portion of the estate to greater advantage a second milking-shed has been erected. The cows are now being milked by hand, which gives the inmates useful experience and incidentally guards against the spread of disease. Both the vegetable-garden and poultry branches have been extended in their respective activities, and are now controlled by officers who have special knowledge of these industries. The apiary also continues to flourish, and satisfactory returns of honey have been obtained. With the opening of two branch camps on the estate, where a number of inmates will be housed, facilities will be provided for an improved classification scheme. It is intended to break in new land around the respective camps, and considerable time will be saved by having the men located close to the Work instead of transporting them to and from the institution daily. At intervals throughout the year concerts have been provided for the entertainment of the inmates, and thanks are due to the local artists for their assistance in this direction. Wellington Prisons. Terrace Prison. —All the able-bodied prisoners have been employed on excavation-work and gardening, while a few of the longer-sentenced men are being taught tailoring under a tailor officer. The excavation-work, which is being carried out for the Education Board, is now sufficiently advanced to permit of a commencement being made with the erection of a new infants' school. The old female branch prison at the Terrace has now been demolished, and the site is to be lowered to suit the Education Board's building scheme. Vegetable-gardening is still carried on with a good deal of success. Mount Cook Prison. —The principal works carried out during the past year have been excavation for technical-school buildings and demolition of brickworks and chimney-stack. The excavationwork has been pushed forward vigorously, and a portion of the new technical-school buildings is now well advanced. A. very large number of second-hand bricks have been recovered and sold, and the stocks of new bricks in the yard, are nearly exhausted. Large quantities of materials from the dismantled drying-sheds and brick-kiln have been sent to the brickworks in course of erection at Wi Tako, Trentham. Wi Tako Prison (Trentham,). An additional cell-house has been erected to accommodate a further number of the short-sentenced class of men that are located at this prison. Considerable progress has been made with the numerous improvement works which arc being carried out. The clearing and draining of the swamp area has been pushed forward, and the main drain has been completed. A substantial residence for the officer in charge has been built, and three cottages for married officers are nearing completion. An implement-shed and a building to house the electric-lighting plant have also been erected, the concrete blocks for which were manufactured on the site. It is satisfactory to record that'the erection of the various buildings by prison labour has given the opportunity to several prisoners to acquire a sufficient knowledge of the carpentering trade to enable them to continue this trade after their release. In some cases the men had, on admission to prison, no knowledge whatever of the building trade, but since their release they have been earning good wages at this work. In order to push forward as rapidly as possible the erection of a brickmaking plant a temporary kiln has been built, and good bricks are now being manufactured which will shortly be used in erecting a large Hoffman kiln and chimney-stack. The foundations for the kiln and chimney are now in course of preparation. Prison Institutions for Women. Addington Reformatory for Women. —Only young women offenders are now located at this reformatory, the older offenders having been transferred to the Point Halswell Reformatory. It is now possible to put into operation a more advanced system of training for the younger women, and it is hoped that further provision in this direction may soon be arranged. Lessons in needlework, singing, first aid, &c, are being provided for the inmates, which are greatly appreciated. In their leisure hours they are permitted to do fancy needlework, thus supplementing their earnings to a considerable extent. One inmate completed hand-em broidery to the value of £13 Os. 6d., while a number of others added to their earnings in this way by sums ranging from £3 to £6. * Gardening generally appears to appeal to the young inmates, and good work in this direction has been done during the past year. Point Halswell Reformatory. —This institution was opened for the reception of the older class of women offenders on the 28th October last. Extensive alterations were made to the existing buildings, resulting in workrooms, inmates' rooms, &c, being provided on modern lines. The buildings

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have been arranged to permit of a suitable system of classification, and the individual women are employed on whatever work they are most adapted for. Gardening, dairying, poultry-rearing, sewing, and knitting are some of the everyday employments, and every encouragement is given the inmates to acquire a knowledge of useful work. Concerts have been provided at' intervals for the entertainment of the inmates, the Official Visitors taking an active part,in this work. The same ladies also visit the institution weekly, giving the inmates short lectures on useful and interesting topics, and advising and assisting those about to be released. As it will be necessary to provide better accommodation for the staff at this institution, arrangements have been made for the removal from Mount Cook Reserve of a good six-roomed house and its re-erection at Point Halswell. The house is now being re-erected and will shortly be occupied. Mortality and other Figures. There were ten deaths in the whole of the prisons and prison institutions during the year. The general health statistics show that the daily average number of inmates on the sick-list was 13-58, compared with 16-49 in 1919, and 24-64 in 1918 (the epidemic year). As stated in former reports, the general health of the prisoners under a well-conducted institutional system can hardly be other than good, although the average is sometimes made to appear unsatisfactory by the presence in the prison infirmaries, and in the public hospitals on transfer from the prisons, of cases of chronic illness from which individual prisoners have been suffering long prior to their reception. There is also a class of derelicts who are committed to prison more on account of infirmity than of criminality. Naturally, cases of this nature spend the greater part of their time on the sick-list. Escapes. There were thirteen escapes during the year, compared with eleven in the previous year ; but, as has been pointed out previously, it is only to be expected that under the free open-air system, that is followed in the management of the majority of our institutions a percentage of the prisoners so treated will fail to respond to the trust reposed in them, and will evade supervision. As no dangerous criminals are ever sent to our country institutions, or permitted the restricted liberty enjoyed by the milder offenders, " escapes " do not constitute in any way a menace to public safety. Prisoners Detention Act, 1915. Only three prisoners were detained for curative treatment beyond the terms of their sentences during the year. The total number who have been brought under the provisions of the Act since it was first passed is now twenty-four. Departmental and Staff Matters. Owing to the larger volume of work carried out by the Department during the year it has been found necessary to add slightly to the Head Office and branch staffs, but no addition has been made until continued efficiency absolutely demanded it. The appointment of ah Office Inspector and Accountant was made after the end of the financial year, the office inspection and accountancy work of the Department having grown beyond the capacity of the existing staff. It also became necessary to appoint an experienced man to manage the metal-quarry at Mount Eden. Both appointments have already been justified by results. Applications have been called for the position of brickworks-manager at Wi Tako (Trentham), where extensive clay deposits are now being opened up, but no suitable candidates have yet come forward. Hitherto we have carried out all our works and industries with our own untrained staffs, but as their magnitude increased it was found that to maintain efficiency and to obtain the best commercial results skilled assistance must be secured. In my last year's report I referred to the difficulty we had experienced in keeping our staffs up to strength, and our still greater difficulty in obtaining the services of men who were, suitable for our work. The present position is that, while we have enough candidates coming forward to fill vacancies, our second difficulty is not appreciably lessened, nor in all human probability will it ever be ; it is the common experience of all prison administrations throughout the world, and it is hardly to be expected that we should be exempt from the common trouble. It is encouraging, however, to find that the officers generally are responding to the changed environment that now exists, and the management of the prisons and the methods of controlling and treating the prisoners are improving correspondingly. The controlling officers of the different prisons and prison institutions have shown a commendable desire to assist the administration in carrying out the various reforms, works, and improvements that have been undertaken during the year, and their loyalty has been beyond praise. The conduct of the staffs generally has been satisfactory, while the assiduity and conscientious work o' many of our individual officers of lower rank has contributed materially in bringing about the results obtained by the Department during the year. C. E. Matthews', * Controller-General of Prisons.

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i Inspector or Prisons and Supervisor of Works to the Controller-General of Prisons. Sir, — Prisons Department, Wellington,.3lst July, 1.921. I have the honour to submit my report for the year 1920-21, dealing with the inspection of the institutions and prisons under the control of the Department, and the supervision of various works and industries being carried on by prison labour. Throughout the past year I have been fully occupied inspecting the various institutions under the control of the Department, and in giving attention to the works and industries connected therewith. The larger prisons and institutions have been visited at least quarterly, while those of lesser importance have been inspected as opportunity permitted. In the majority of instances I found little to complain of, and, generally speaking, the inmates appeared to have very few grievances, and such grievances as arose from time (o time were easy of adjustment. As in former years, the main difficulty in connection with prison administration has been the question of staff; and, although there were sufficient candidates, many of them, when appointed as probationary warders proved quite unsuitable and not fitted for permanent appointment, and consequently their services had to be dispensed with. The standard of industry amongst inmates and prisoners, I am pleased to state, still continues to rise. This is partly due to the fact that the labour of the prisoners is being used to a greater extent year by year in a more interesting and intelligent fashion. The men therefore feel that they are doing something useful to the community at large, and at the same time fitting themselves for earning an honest livelihood when released. The additional improvements which you now contemplate putting into operation, by way of payment for services rendered, will certainly have a still further beneficial effect. The work of classification has been still further advanced during the year, particularly at Waikeria and lnvercargill, with highly beneficial results. Work in this direction must be necessarily slow, requiring as it does careful intelligent administration as well as properly constructed buildings and exercise-yards. Another difficulty is due to the fact that the prisoners as a whole do not take kindly to separation into classes ; this is especially noticeable in the earlier stages. Almost every prisoner considers himself as being fitted for the higher grades of the system, and keenly resents being left in the lower division. This is only to be expected, but, at the same time, increases the difficulties of those responsible for the proper administration of the system. Progress during the Year. ■In my capacity as Supervisor of Works I have visited the various prisons and institutions where work is being carried on. The following is a brief summary of the progress made during the past year : — Auckland.— Stone-quarrying and crushing metal for roadmaking purposes has, as of old, been the chief industry carried on during the year. The work of installing an up-to-date air-drilling plant was recently completed, with the result that the output of metal will be much increased. This plant, which is electrically driven, is capable of operating three sets of air-drills simultaneously, and has completely superseded the old hammer-and-drill system. It is to be hoped that you will be successful in your endeavour to have further additional plant established at an early date. To do so would be good business, as the increased output would prove immediately reproductive. Building additional cottages for prison officers has been pushed on during the year. One house is almost completed, while two others are well on the way., Concrete-block making for building purposes is another industry that has given a considerable amount of employment, fully 35,000 blocks having been turned out during the twelve months. The making of concrete roofing-tiles has also been begun. Stone-dressing provides employment for a number of men whom it is not advisable to send outside the prison-walls to work. Bootmaking is also being carried on in a fine up-to-date workshop. Waikeria. — With the exception of the building of two additional officers' cottages, also quarters for single officers, nothing further in the way of building has been done. Widening and improving the new road has received attention during the year, resulting in a marked improvement. There now remains the providing of a large septic tank and the enclosing of the exercise-yards. Both are very necessary —one in the interest of sanitation and the other for classification purposes. Wellington. —At the Terrace Prison a considerable amount of work by way of levelling has been carried out by prison labour for the Education Department. At Mount Cook Prison a very large undertaking is in progress on account of the Technical College Board; this work consists of the cutting-down of the hill and taking out of foundation for the new building which is now being erected. At Point Halswell, which is being used as a reformatory for women, and which was occupied towards the end of the year, work is still being carried on by way of improving the surroundings. At the Terrace-gardening is also being carried out, the supply of vegetables for the Wellington prisons being raised therefrom; an additional work was the pulling-down of the old female division, which is now no longer needed. Wi Tako. —The first instalment of the brickworks plant and machinery has been placed in position and is ready for work. By means of this plant, which was obtained from the Public Works Department, Taumarunui, it will be possible to turn out up to 70,000 bricks weekly. The building of a large continuous kiln capable of dealing with the combined output of the two machines is now well in hand. Arrangements have also been made with the Defence and Railway Departments for connecting up with the Trentham military siding, making it possible to bring rail way-trucks right into the brickworks. During the year a residence of seven rooms has been built for the officer in charge ; also two five-roomed cottages for subordinate officers; a further cottage is also in course of erection. It is worthy of note that the three cottages for subordinate officers have been constructed out of two seven-roomed cottages which formerly stood on the Terrace Prison Reserve, and which were removed to Wi Tako in sections and re-erected in the form of three five-roomed dwellings.

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The whole of the work in connection with the taking-down and re-erecting of those buildings was carried out by prison labour under the direction and control of prison officers. The work of draining and clearing the 90-acre swamp lying at the back of this property has also been put in hand. Paparua. —Work on the east cell-range, the completing of the kitchen block, and the building of several additional cottages has progressed during the year. The making of concrete blocks and concrete roofing-tiles has also progressed, the whole of the buildings at Paparua having been built with these materials. The whole of the work, including shingle-crushing, block and tile making, and building, has been carried out by prison labour under the control of officers who ate skilled tradesmen. Roadmaking and tree-planting has also received attention. The work of clearing and improving the land has been attended to. Water-supply and septic-tank building has also received attention. Roto-aira. —On tin; completion of formation-work on the Waimarino-Tokaanu Road, upon which the bulk of the prisoners had been employed for the greater part of the year, the huts and. other buildings constituting the main camp were removed to a site near the Erua Railway-station, in order that work might be commenced on a section of the main trunk road between Waimarino and Ohakune that the Prisons Department has undertaken to construct. The new site, which is known as Waikune, will be the base camp for the roadmaking and. bridge-building parties that will carry on the work when the winter season is over. In this connection the establishing of a sawmill and stone-crushing plant became necessary, and work on both projects is now under way. This section of the road presents many difficulties, both in the way of climatic conditions and in the difficult country through which the road-line passes. New Plymouth. —Quarrying and the preparation of various grades of road-forming materials is the only work which it is possible; to carry on here. Unfortunately there is nothing (rise to be done, and for the present at least there is nothing better to do. It has the advantage, at any rate, of keeping the men employed and at the same time bringing in a certain amount of revenue, but that is all that can be said of it. lnvercargill Borstal Institution. —A very large amount of useful work has been carried out during the year. The new rifle-range embankment, which has been under construction for the past three years, has now been completed. This embankment was a work of some magnitude, its length being 2,200 yards, height 10 ft., width 40ft. at the bottom and 6 ft. at the top. The area reclaimed by the wall amounts to 271 acres. About 50 chains of the eastern embankment has now been completed. This wall, which is part of the original reclamation scheme, and which when completed will protect the railway-line and properties lying to the west thereof, should be completed during the coming year. This embankment is of nearly the same dimensions as the rifle-range embankment. During the year some miles of drains have been constructed, viz. : Countour drain, lift, by 4ft. by 4 ft., 155 chains ; western wall drain, 6 ft. by 2 ft. by 3 ft., 132 chains ; drain running north, 6 ft. by 2 ft. by 3ft., 45 chains; drain running east, Bft. by 4ft. by 3ft., 70 chains; side drains on roads, 6ft. by 2 ft. by 3 ft., 30 chains. The Spey Street drain, which is 22 ft. wide at the top, 10 ft. at the bottom, and 5 ft. to 6 ft. in depth, is being cut by means of a steam-driven digging-machine, the property of the Prisons Department, which is proving itself invaluable. When completed the drain will be two miles in length, and will act as a main drainage-canal. About 75 chains of road have been formed, 30 ft. in width, for farm purposes. Flood-gates constructed of concrete have been put down at the end of various drains, the Spey Street outlets being five in number, each measuring 5 ft. by 5 ft. A residence for the farm-manager on the reclaimed area, also accommodation for twenty-four inmates and two officers, with all necessary conveniences, have been completed and occupied. Two additional cottages have been built adjacent to the main institution for the use of officers, while a start has been made with the foundations of two more. The new kitchen block, bakehouse, laundry, and workshop, also a new hospital building, are now nearing completion. The subdividing of the yards in order to provide means for extending the present classification system is progressing apace, together with a large amount of valuable and useful work —all necessary in connection with the general improvement of the system now in force at lnvercargill which you have been pleased to inaugurate. Much has been done in this connection, but much more still requires to be done. Concrete block and tile making is still an important feature of the work being carried on here. Market-gardening is also receiving attention. It is very gratifying to be able to report that the whole of the above programme is being carried out by the labour of the inmates themselves, under the direction of institutional officers. The knowledge so gained must in after-life prove invaluable to many of the youths who have passed through this institution. In closing I must again refer to the very great success which continues to attend the system introduced by yourself of appointing skilled tradesmen for the purpose of instructing inmates of our institutions and prisons in various trades and callings. At one time there were probably four or five officers employed in the whole of our prisons who happened to be tradesmen, whose services were made use of to a limited extent, but such officers had, in addition, to carry out their ordinary disciplinary duties. The newer and better system, whereby a staff of tradesmen officers are attached to each prison whose sole duty is to supervise and direct the prisoners in the particular trade which they represent, must of itself prove beneficial both to the Department and the prisoners. At present we have a staff of carpenter instructors, tailors, bricklayers, plumbers, shoemakers, electricians, dairy experts, mechanical engineers, quarry-managers, farm-managers, schoolmasters, drill instructors, &c. It is not claimed on behalf of the Department that competent tradesmen in the proper sense of the term are being turned out, but I think it cannot be denied that the training given and the experience gained must prove useful in after-life to many of those who have passed through our institutions. In fact, lam in a position to state that the experiences gained has —not in one instance, but in dozens of oases—enabled men to go outside and take up work and make a success of it. M. Hawkins, Inspector of Prisons and Works Supervisor.

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Table A. PRISON ACCOMMODATION AND PRISONERS. Table showing Accommodation, Number of Prisoners, etc., at the several Prisons of the Dominion during the Year 1920.

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Name of Prison. Number of Persons for whom there is Accommodation. In Wards or Cells for more than One Prisoner. Number of Persons at Beginning of Y'ear. Number received during Year. Number discharged or transferred. Number in Prison at End of Year In Separate Cells for One Prisoner. Total. Addington (Women's Reformatory) Auckland Invercargill (Borstal Institution) .. Kaingaroa* Lyttelton Napier New Plymouth Paparua Roto-aira Waikeria (Reformatory).. Wellington-}-Wi Tako Minor prisons M. 266 161 F. 26 34 1 M. F. 9 M. F. 35 315 34 178 1 32 '.'. 66 8 54 4 136 41 133 192 29 55 ... 173 48 M. 188 165 35 9 11 50 98 47 86 105 23 29 F. 36 21 T. 36 209 165 35 9 11 51 98 47 86 121 23 29 M. 1,086 171 1 154 154 44 335 16 102 971 74 830 F. 49 83 1 T. 49 1,169 172 1 154 163 47 335 16 102 1,085 74 858 M. 968 163 36 157 150 54 284 49 76 967 68 828 F. 60 85 1 T. 60 1,053 164 36 157 158 58 284 49 76 1,068 68 854 306 173 F. 25 19 T. 25 325 173 49 17 32 7 53 136 " 20 102 192 55 78 3 4 59 1 21 31 5 1 9 3 8 4 6 15 40 149 14 112 109 29 31 1 29 2 6 16 40 149 14 112 138 29 33 27 2 16 114 101 27 95 21 28 26 Totals 1,102 122 273 37 1,375 i 159 846 74 920 3,938 287 4,225 3,800 285 4,085 984 76 1,060 Sickness. Name of Prison. Greatest Number in Prison at One Time. ' Least Number in Prison at One Time. (b.) Admissions (c.) Number of Distinct Prisoners ill on One or More Occasions, with Number of Occasions, Total Number of Separate Illnesses, Total Number of Days, and Daily Average on Sick-list. Daily Average Number of Prisoners. (a.) Greatest Number ill at any One Time. Year. . \ m -a co m Number Total Daily • S ' 8 0 Stj •"« «>o <i of Number Average I § -S H 3 o a -S g I ■= a a £ ■ Separate of on i o j-, BE* H H e u Illnesses Days ill. Sick-list. Addington (Women's Reformatory).. Auckland Invercargill (Borstal Institution) Kaingaroa* Lyttelton Napier New Plymouth Paparua Roto-aira Waikeria (Reformatory) Wellington! Wi Tako Minor prisons M. 306 173 35 14 24 52 158 47 115 122 41 99 F. 42 26 1 T. 42 332 174 • 35 14 26 52 158 47 115 151 41 103 M. 186 133 1 6 40 93 11 78 74 10 8 F. 23 10 T. 23 196 133 M. 250-00 154-37 13-72 4-04 13-25 47-25 114-00 . 24-46 101-10 97-20 25-20 28-00 F. 31-51 16-00 0-01 T. M. ' F. 31-51 .. 3 266-00 22 3 154-38 39 13-72 4-04 13-72 3 47-29 5 114-00 8 24-46 2 101-10 5 115-45 3 4 25-20 1 28-82 2 939-69 T. 3 25 39 M. 8 13 F. 3 T. 3 9 8 48 13 6S . . 2 1 6 i 1 20 11 2 16 63 168 2S7 1,551 1,185 0-79 4-25 3-25 2 1 2 1 6 40 93 11 78 88 10 9 0-47 0-04 3 5 8 2 5 7 1 2 2 3 2 2 9 3 26 6 15 8 21 .. . 2 1 j 2 .... 1 4 2 2 1 .. 3 2 8 2 1 .. 1 1 2 28 45 8 27 43 2 2 17 195 377 74 187 1,015 32 38 0-05 0-53 1-03 0-20 0-51 2-7S 0-09 0-10 •■• 29 14 18-25 6 2 I 4 1 0-82 1 43 23 38 208 3 2 404 Totals .. ■■ ■• 872-59 67-10 33 5 4,958 13-58 *Clos ■d in July, 1920. t Includes Poi it Hals ■ell (Women's Reformatoi ), whic] came into operation October, 1920. •

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Table A1. Table showing Particulars, for each Prison, of Prisoners at Beginning and End of Year, and received and discharged during Year 1920.

a to < o OC '3 crj •id o s y. cC r. a a o &H o "ex a 0 c CX o Ht r. o S CD a o rU o a cc cC O c■2 to 'ft cc" o &H I F. M. F. 5 .. (a.) In prison at beginning of yearUndergoing — Simple imprisonment .. L T nder three months' hard lahour Three months' hard labour and under one year One year's hard labour and upwards Detention as habitual criminals Reformative detention Detention under Prisoners Detention Act, 1915 Sentenced to death M. 3 15 22 88 16 29 I 1 F. M. .... $ 7. 3 ! .. . 8 30 F. M. F. j M. ...... :: :: :: 'i :: :: 32 .. 41 M. 41 1 8 F. •• 1 F. 1 ! 31. F. I •- •• 5 .. 20 .. 16 .. 6 I .. K. 3 3 2 F. M. *7 16 F. M. 2 17 19 30 18 F. 3 3 M. M. '. •• ! io 5 1 20 M. F. M. F. M. .. .. 2 .. 1 3 .. 5 .. 3 1 .. 20 .. .. .. .. 41 .. 26 .. .. 3 .. .. .. .. 25 ..132 M. ' F. 8 .. 51 9 89 17 326 13 37 1 272 29 1 60 106 339 38 301 1 5 ! l 9 1 I .. .. i 49 I .. 8 ' ...... Total criminals in prison .. For trial or on remand In transitu •• 173 15 1 17 I 35 4 .. •• 86 .. 50 •• 1 I 47 .. ... 8 3 •• ! .. •• 36 4 .. 96 ..162 5 .. 2 .. 3 •• 102 3 •• — 783 70 60 4 •• 23 87 16 17 .. 16 .. ! 12 .. 15 .. 851 6< •• •• .. .. •• -...-. ■■ i " I •• 27 2 .. 29 .. -■ Total in prison for criminal offences 1 1S8 86 .. 50 1 |47 .. 11 23 ! . 104 16 36 9 .. 98 .. 165 I 165 Debtors Lunatics 21 35 ...... i 1 7 105 16 ■• - 9 .. 98 ..165 •• 843 74 917 2 .. 2 1 .. 1 846 74 : 920 ...... ...... To'tal persons in prison 21 35 — 36 h— — 188 86 .. 50 50 1 47 .. 11 23 I 165 I •■ i (b.) Received during the year-s-Sentenced to— Simple imprisonment Under three months' hard labour Three months' hard labour and under one 22 457 125 1 .. 40 .. 12 .. 1 2 56 24 1 19 434 96 1 35 19 1 9 19 1 .. 79 .. 25 .. 19 55 50 6 17 7 2 264 42 71 4 1,372 89 371 53 75 1,461 424 io 2 2 4 1 ■• I •• year One year's hard labour and upwards Hard labour and reformative detention .. Simple imprisonment and sent to an industrial school Hard labour and sent to an industrial school Hard labour and declared habitual criminal Habitual criminal without further sentence shown Death Under conviction for sentence Criminals for reformative treatment only.. Hard labour, also flogged 31 28 .. .. ! 7 .. 1 6 57 13 2 1 1 1 2 .. 23 5 3 9 3 132 3 49 9 135 58 .. •• I • 11 1 - - .. .. .... 1 •• - 10 1 1 .. 2 2 27 '.'. 2 27 .... .. .. ..1 .. 1 1 11 48 ■• 3 1 4 •• •• 8 1 1 " 12 59 2 20 •• i •• 3 6 16 •• ■■ 6 11 • 1 '.. 37 3 161 27 3 .. 15 18! ••■ - ■■ •• •■I -• -• •■ - .. .. I .. | : : Total new prisoners received On remand or for trial 735 247 — 63 15 63 .. M i 18 17 ! 1 2 .. .. 97 46 — 5 I 701 | 203 80 29 1 34 6 109 77] 28 .. 176 78 I 4S 26 1 : ! 339 302 1 I— 13 ! i ' ! 2,223 188 947 69 3,170 257 46 j .. 15 3 2,411 1,016 •■ •• •• •• •• 2 •• IS I -. I •• I -• .. - - i i i '' ITotal .. 982 9 2 78 35 3 2 3 3 143 3 — 9 904 8 ! 1 1 1109 40 137 .. : I I — ■ ! — Debtors .. - Lunatics 78 .. •• •• •• 254 1 74 " 641 22 10 18 I 3.427 46 18 •• I .. 3 i:: " •• •■ I .. .. •■ I .. -• Total new persons received On transfer or in transitu ! ! — —I i 1 ! i 40 i 21 7 I 3,231 260 I 707 27 ! 993 93 78 5 78 .. 5 1 •• 102 : •• I 40 4 3 3 i6 :: 146 8 9 74 .. 913 58 109 •5 !l37 .. : 17 .. 2.35 80 74 97 I 073 157 3,491 734 •• Grand totals ; jl,086 83 — 83 1 ! I •- 102 t — ■- 44 3 3 16 .. 154 9 74 j .. 1 971 !— 114 •• I 49 | 154 .. 1335 ■■ 171 I I 830 28 3,938 2S7 4,225

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15

Table A1— continued. Table showing Particulars, for each Prison, of Prisoners at Beginning and End of Year, and received and discharged during Year 1920— continued.

a o CUD CD "S 3 o o 6 o s Eh a o to "co a a a o It 3 o ~ x CD a Gfi a o rH O i CC •H cc O a u i I j F. il. ; F. M. 1 52 .. 533 1 .. .. 1 ..2 .. 1 .. .." 40 1 i e.) Discharged during the year — (a) On expiration of sentence — M. F. u. (1) Hard labour .. .. .. 551 57 20 (2) Reformative detention .. .. 4 1 .. (3) Simple imprisonment . . .. 16 1 -.. (b) On bail or probation .. .. .. 43 2 .. (c) Died .. .. .. .. 5 .. .. {d) Executed .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. (e) Absconded and not retaken .. (j) Committed suicide .. .. (g) Released on recommendation of Prisons Board — (1) Hard labour .. .. .. 2 .. 4 (2) Reformative detention .. .. 7 .. .. (3) Habitual criminals .. .. 7 .. .-. M. 551 4 16 43 5 2 F. M. 57 20 1 .. 2 .. • .. .. F. M. F. M. 33 .. 16 3 .. 1 .. :: r. -i . _ _ „ F. M. F. M. 8 .. 70 9 2 1 .. .. 10 ' •• •• — .. 2 ...... .. ...... i .. F. M. 53 .. 8 .. .. .. .. I .. I F. 37 5 M. 80 1 * ! • • i .. i i i ■ • i •■ I M. 143 2 11 M. F. M. 143 - - 38 2 .. 19 11 .. 3 5 3 .. 1 -3 J * * J •• ■•••••• F. M. 284 1 4 32 -I - F. F. 2 1,828 40 39 133 10 2 2 3 r. 150 1,978 ■ 7 47 i 1 40 12 145 10 I .. 2 .. .. I ...... ■• 1 r •• I •■ •■ 2 .. !! i i .. .. . 7. '.. .. i 3 -- I ■• ■ ■ ■• ... .. .. ! —: — Total criminals discharged to freedom 637 61 [ 24 Acquitted and after remand .. .. 216 14 Debtors . . .. .. .. 6 .. . . Lunatics translerred to mental hospitals .. 5 2 1 2 7 7 .. 4 .. .. 61 24 14 .. ■• ! '• 1 .. 4 16 .. .. 53 .. 25 .. .. 15 .. .. 3 1 .. 1 54 .. 44 ! 22 I .. 10 2 4 .. .. 1 17 .. 91 1 .. .. 3 2 2 17 .. 96 2 32 .. 54 4 49 j .. 150 i "! '. | 2 .. 4 3 56 .. 580 164 2 1 .. .. 4 4 56 .. 750 4 12 .. 217 5 66 .. 29 .. 6 — 48 6 •• I >2 26 .. 13 .. 15 1 .. 188 .. 74 13 .. 2 15 . . 44 1 .. .. I I—, i 188 .. 112 74 .. 23 3 1 i — i 325 82 .. .25 7 •• 2 3 30 91 12 : 2,190 603 38 19 .. 30 11 102 12 181 2,371 53 656 38 8 27 242 3,092 43 993 285 4,085 3 19 5 97 17 149 .. .. 2 i 1 .. 1 . -• I ! 3 1 .. .. Total persons discharged from prison 864 77 24 Transferred to other prisons or to police .. 104 8 J 12 77 24 8 ! 12 ■ ■ I 96 .. 5 55 5 108 49 — I .. 263 .. 21 I ! 1 263 .. 135 21 .. 28 , .. 439 1 389 —! 8 18 ! 2,850 950 Grand totals .. .. .'. 968 85 36 85 36 —! ,— 1 76 .. 54 :.„. I ! I ' I 60 j —— .. 284 j : 284 .. 163 1 828 I 3,800 8 68 ; 967 j J101 J101 | .. ] |157 26 — ! : | ! I (d.) In prison at end of year — Undergoing — Simple imprisonment .. .. .. 3 1 .. Under three months' hard labour .. 42 3 .. Three months' hard labour and under one 32 3 .. .... 1 .. ... I .. 6 2 .. 4 .. 10 .. .. 2 1 1 10 3 23 28 1 5 7 .. 37 ■ ■• s : 1 1 16 92 132 5 1 7 7 4 7 37 .. 4 .. j 13 6 year One year's hard labour and upwards .. 103 1 Detention as habitual criminals 54 .. Reformative detention .. .. 57 8 . . Detention under Prisoners Detention Act, 1 .. 1915 Sentenced to death .. .. .. .... Total criminals in prison .. .. 292 \ 16 j For trial or on remand.. .. .. 14 3 j .. In transitu .. .. .. j .. 27 SO 33 1 5 13 4 26 3 8 4 1 15 4 13 2 .. 43 4 .. 41 .. .. 43 ..14 4 .... 41 .. 152 ! .. . .. .. ; .. ... .. •• •• .. .. 271 62 349 1 9 280 1 63 36 385 1 71 994 5 64 ........ .. .. I •• ........ ■■ ■• ■ •• 112 j .—. —! — I | i I .. 19 I .. 10 j .. | 39 .. 1 14 ..11 .. -•4 1 .... 29 .. 91 18 < I I I 28 :. I 25 6 137 I .. 173 12 .. .. j 2 923 59 1 •• „ -• i j .. I I I "" ■• I , I .. j 1 • • i " I " I .. .. •- ••!•• - - ... .. ,. ■' :::::: .. I 15 1 i Total in prison for criminal offences 306 19 ! .. Debtors .. .. .. .. ...... Lunatics' .. ... .. .. ...... !— i —I— ; ! —h— ! I " : — 1121 I ..140 14 29 .. 109 29 .. 25 6 149 .. 173 30 ' 1 2 983 j 1 76 \ 1,05! I t •- . •- .. .. ■ ■ ! •- •• .... .. •■ •• .... .. Total persons in prison .. ! 306 19 I — j .. j 40 14 | 25 •• 149 I .. 173 31 2 f ■• 112 -- 29 ... : 109 29 .. 984 76 1,01 I .. !__ I * Closed Jul; 1920. Including Point Hals well Women's itefi irmator

16

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Table B. Table showing Details of Expenditure of each Prison for the Financial Year ended 31st March, 1921.

I Addington. Auckland. I Invercargill. Kaingaroa. Napier. D . _f w ., Paparua. Roto-aira. v Plymouth. v Waikeria. Wellington. ! Wi Tako. Minor Gaols. General ~- .. i-u lota. Charges. /Males „ ., , , .. Females .. 27-04 Daily average number oi prisoners -I ' (Both sexes 27-04 272-90 I/-49 155-30 i 6'io 14-00 45-35 118-37 24-46 104-22 99-88 21-5 3°'53 27-45 0-44 898-56 66-47 • • 27-04 290-39 i55-3o 6 - io 14-00 45-35 118-37 24-46 104-22 121-38 30-53 27-89 965-03 Expenditure. 1 Salaries, cost-of-living bonus, and allowances 1,317 (including uniforms) Clothing, bedding, &c. .. .. ... 48 Fuel, light, and water .. .. .. 285 Medicines, medical comforts, and hospital charges 89 Rations .. .. .. .. .. 530 Tobacco . . .. . . .. .. 1 Tools and materials for prison labour and expenses 24 prison-works, &c. Material and expenses connected with brickmaking Expenses connected with prison farms Expenses connected with tree-planting camps Gratuities to prisoners on discharge .. .. 43 Payments to prisoners under the Crimes Amend- 75 ment Act Travelling-expenses, &c. .. .. .. 74 Administration of Crimes Amendment and First Offenders' Probation Acts Miscellaneous expenditure . . .. .. 132 Totals.. .. .. .. 2,618 Less credits (including transfers from 43 other Departments) £ 14.493 792 1,480 239 5.446 3 2 3 2,229 £ 9.907 477 548 334 3,747 69 658 2,833 £ 361 2 98 12 51 £ 1 ,204 j 122 17 277 6 2 5 17 30 £ 2,665 15 181 48 790 49 127 13 138 £ 6,998 537 380 102 2, 228 140 182 2,416 5° 80 344 I ,224 46 3° 28 59o 48 802 472 16 91 £ 7.559 375 345 105 1,481 122 612 ■i 2,090 37 300 £ 9,744 238 708 207 2,134 83 1,215 11 "62 £ 1,891 9 16 12 54° 39 144 ■ 232 £ 7 454 73 1,829 5 3 £ 4.083 380 337 64,561 8,464 4.549 1,256 20,070 6,386 243 7,339 474 544 3,128 •• 253 284 11 688 2 17 34 18 12 •• 9 109 10 1,529 684 879 48 525 490 "5 in 495 959 4,024 959 I 682 454 51 01 1 107 269 36 301 37° „ 78 98 1.369 3,969 26,905 7.715 20,605 H.533 676 2,882 1,702 4,133 338 962 13,726 '. 7.690 j 3,383 27 13.852 4.235 15,262 2,745 3,106 240 5,213 100 16,263 626 I2 7.444 39,136 Net total expenditure .. .. 2,575 *2,206 I .3Q4 3,171 19,190 9.072 6,036 3,356 9,617 12.517 2,866 5,113 j 15,637 88,308 * Credit balance.

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Table C. Table showing the Offences and Degree of Education of Distinct Convicted Prisoners (excluding Maoris) received during the Year 1920.

Table D. Table showing the Actual Number of Distinct Convicted Prisoners (exclusive of Maoris) received into Gaol during the Year 1920, classified according to Principal Offence, Birthplace, and Age.

3-H. 20.

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Offences. Supi Bduci irior ition. Able to read and write. Able to read only. Able to read only. Uuabl rea h it 1*° I Us. M. F. 74 5 89 I OT. F. i Offences against the person— Convicted on indictment Convicted summarily M. I F. OT. F. M. 2 2 F. M. 77 91 F. 5 1 0 (fences against property — Theft and deceit Mischief 551 20 32 4 3 554 32 20 4 Miscellaneous offences — Vagrancy* Drunkenness Others 156 55 263 18 563 | 13 i 7. 4. 1 4 2 4 6 1 158 268 1 573 I 56 IS 14 1 Total* I 1,728 | 116 5 19 2 2 1,753 US . * Inclui ling im; iortut.1 ling, consorting wit] h rogues, &c.

Offences against the Person. Offences against Property. Miscellaneous. Convicted ., .. Summarily Indictment. convicted. M. F. M. j F. Theft and Mischief. Deceit. Totals. Vagrancy.* Drunkenness.f Other l M'ftMUTS. M. F. M. F. M. P. M. F. M. F. M. I. ' F. Birthplaces — England and Wales . . Scotland Ireland New Zealand Australia Other British possessions China Other countries At sea Not stated 13 .. 21 3 1 1 • • 5 • • ; 5 47 3 46 5 • • 7 ■ • 2 j 3 .. 1 .. 2 .. 7 .. I 3 1 2 1 1 5 46 7 3 107 22 36 313 48 7 1 1 16 2 3 3 1 16 '3 1 1 1 2 55 8 9 4 14 8 53 29 13 7 55 9 '4 53 13 1 77 40 2 28 I 77 12 16 2 77 40 28 77 16 6 128 .. 46 .. 64 1 244 10 42 1 128 46 64 244 42 10 1 10 1 1 404 124 153 796 134 3° 11 73 12 1 6 10 1 1 7 20 1 I 1 22 2 2 I 4 97 1 10 4 12 12 22 30 1 30 1 2 1 7 • • 1 2 7 1 Totals 77 5 91 1 5 91 1 554 20 32 158 5'' 268 iS 573 M 1.753 11S Ages— Under 10 years 10 and under 12 years 12 and under 15 years 15 and under 20 years 20 and under 25 years 25 and under 30 years 30 and under 40 years 40 and under 50 years 50 and under 60 years 60 and over Not stated . . "s :; I " 3 ..' 11 1 1 14 1 10 1 15 . . 23 I 31 9 I 22 .. 9 ■ • I 4 71 2 . . . . I . . 1 1 j 1 1 I . . 3 M 15 I 7* 105 92 137 97 3i x 3 5 3 3 4 3 2 3 6 4 10 I 2 7 7 33 44 28 37 I 2 11 17 79 87 39 3 1 15 78 78 146 150 72 32 3 2 1 109 232 223 459 418 183 126 2 9 7 8 35 33 1.5 11 9 1 20 19 7 7 5 6 5 3 1 1 4 2 4 2 r .. .. 2 Totals, 1920 . . 77 5 91 1 268 18 77 5 9i 554 20 32 158 56 573 14 1.753 118 Totals, 1919 .. 70 5 76 . . 7° 5 7 6 399 17 70 3 113 49 273 17 ! 5 88 45 1,589 136 * Including importunin: t It must be rememben tables do not represent tin ig, consorting with rogue red that drunkenness is le full number of persons ig, consi •ed thai e full n orting with 1 t drunkennes lumber of p< oguei is is ] arsons i. cVC Hinishe punisl :d mi tied 1 ore by for thai line tl : offer ian by ice. imprii lonmeiv :, so t: hat thi figu •es in thi gaol

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Table E. PRISONS.—NEW-ZEALAND-BORN PRISONERS RECEIVED, 1920. Table showing the Number of Distinct New-Zealand-born Convicted Prisoners of each Sex (excluding Maoris) received during the Year 1920, classified according to Ages and

Table E1. PRISONS.—MAORI PRISONERS RECEIVED, 1920. Table showing the Number, Ages, and Offences of Distinct Convicted Maoris (Male and Female) received into the various Gaols during the Year 1920.

18

Offences. Un Un 1 ider 10 and o. under 12. 12 and under 15. and 20 ir 20. undi and 25 and 30 r 25. under 30. \ und< F. M. F. M. and 40 and _ =r 40. upwards. Ull I( Offences. 15 undi ds. I F. [ M. F. .. I .. M. I M. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. F. Offences against the person— Convicted on indictment Convicted summarily Offences against property— Theft and deceit Mischief Vagrancy* Drunkenness Other offences 1 8 1 47 1 5 10 10 75 4 4 3 39 1 1 3 7 7 64 3 2 1 1 16 j 7o 18.. 47 12 . . 46 1 3 3 50 2 313 4 2 1 () 8 12 50 2 2 3 I II, 2 1 1 3 1 4 38 1 I 4 16 28 63 14 30 13 53 5 42 7 77 5 97 1 244 14 5 5 4 30 42 97 13 7 1 29 12 7 IO 1 Totals, 1920 1 65 9 145 6 125 5 211 28 28 249 25 796 30 196 30 693 249 25 73 83 Totals, 1919 1 11 89 6 89 6 251 3o 196 30 Totals, 1918 57 5 8 . 93 7 in ■11 234 31 165 27 660 31 165 27 81 Totals, 1917 3 62 125 11 123 12 280 58 I247 46 840 135 Totals, 1916 59 10 91 7 124 16 274 59 245 41 793 133 i Totals, 1915 . . j . . Totals, 1914 . . ! . . 57 6 128 9 '75 ■ 1 6 31 39o 65 271 39 1,021 150 2 75 81 4 157 0 416 58 268 146 126 Totals, 1913 31 58 47 1,134 1,028 I 1 1 7 172 10 183 20 391 200 30 Totals, 1:912 Totals, 1911 1 1 92 4 197 7 197 189 25 354 48 176 32 1,017 117 4 59 3 158 13 J 7 333 44 1 73 182 30 28 016 107 r Totals, 1910 . . . . I Totals, 1909 '1 i ■ • 2 75 3 199 9 249 35 331 51 1,038 126 ■ - 2 i,., 4 174 ':. 236 28 298 53 192 28 968 128 Totals, 1908 1 5 7i 4 190 17 203 •I 287 256 43 118 22 • s 75 844 no Totals, 1907 . Totals, 1906 2 j 79 5 181 23 213 3 I •I I 1 i.i jo 125 2 82 9 189 20 219 26 249 39 38 120 18 861 11 2 Totals, 1905 I i_ 1 1 I 8 196 . . 1 76 83 172 25 27 195 99 17 739 115 Totals, 1904 . . 1 Totals, 1903 Totals, 1902 2 3 9 172 25 219 19 187 34 73 17 74° 104 2 5 79 9 191 16 187 21 177 36 60 21 701 103 2 77 5 192 9 147 17 128 35 57 12 603 78 Totals, 1901 5 74 I 175 22 114 38 20 M3 ■I" 55i 95 1 Inch udinc . imp. 'ing, irtini ' will 1 lortur consi 1 rogi les, tc.

Under 10. 10 and 12 and under 12. under 15. 15 and 20 and 25 and under 20. under 25. under 30. 3° undi and 40 1 :r 40. upw; md trds. To 1 :als. Offences. M. F. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Offences against the person — Convicted on indictment .. Summarily convicted Theft and deceit Mischief Vagrancy Drunkenness Other offences Totals " ' I ' ' *8 1 2 .. 2 5 •• 2 15 i 8 T 5 4 1 1 I 6 1 3 1 4 13 4' 3 I 1 I '3 I •■ i *6 ! I 25 I I I 19-1 I 2 ■■ I 4 15 81 I 9 I 13 I 15 3

Table F. Table showing Distinct Persons (excluding Maoris) imprisoned after Conviction during each of the last Ten Years.

Table G. Table showing Distinct Convicted Prisoners (excluding Maoris) received during the Year 1920 and sentenced to Reformative Treatment or declared Habitual Criminals, classified according to Sentences.

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Head Sentence. Sentenced to Reformative Treatment for a Period not exceeding 6 Months. 12 Months. 18 Months. 2 Years. 3 Years. 4 Years. , 5 Years. 6 Years. 7 Years. 8 Years. Sentenced to Reformative Treatment for a Period not exceeding 9 Years. i 10 Years. Declared Habitual Criminals. Totals. M. F. | M. F. i .. ; 17 I 2 M. 5 F. I M. ' F. M. .. 48 7 57 F. M. 1 3 I F. M. 1 13 F. M. F. 3 .. .. M. F. M . F. M. F. j M. F. M. F. M. 2 146 F. 14 Reformative treatment only .. Declared habitual criminal Under 1 week 1 week and under 1 month 1 month „ 3 months 3 months „ 6 „ 6 9 9 „ „ 12 1 year „ 2 years 2 vears ,, 3 ,, 3 „ .,4 „ 4 „ 5 „ 5 „ 7 „ 7 „ ,. 10 „ .. .. i .. .. .. 6 1 .. .. 2 1 .. .. 2 .. .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. :: i :: :: 1 I 8 1 4 .. 4 4 , .. 2 1 .. .. 2 .. 6 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. i 7. 3 .... ...... 7. 7. . . ...... 2 1 .. 9 4 | .. 15 5 I .. 13 1 .. 2 6 .. 18 5 .. 6 4 .. 4 1 .. 1 2 .. 2 2 ! 30 .. 219 •I l I 9 2 ...... .. ...... •• ■• I .. .. .. .. .. -• ...... ■• .. .. | .. .. 3 . . Totals - 1 .. 29 4 6 .. 62 15 70 2 6 — i 1 13 25 I i i i I i

Year. 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 Prisoners. 2,877 3,023 3,229 3,386 2,924 Proportion per 10,000 of Mean Population, i 28-35 29-10 3022 31-05 26-60 Year. 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 Prisoners. 2,404 2.399 1,701 1,725 1,871 Proportion per 10,000 of Mean Population. 21-87 21-84 15-42 15-18 15-86

H.—2o.

Table H. Return of Prison Offences and Punishments for the Year ended 31st December, 1920.

Table I. Visits of the Visiting Justices to the Larger Prisons during the Year 1920.

Approximate Coat ot Paper. -Preparation, not given; printing (700 copies, including illustrations), £40.

By Authority : Marcus F. Marks, Government Printer, Wellington.—l92l.

Price I*.

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I'rison. Against Officers. Offences. Disobedience Other of Orders, Breaches of and Idleness. Total Offences. Number of Prisoners punished. Total Number of Prisoners in Custody during tin. Year. Addington Auckland Invercargill Kaingaroa Napier New Plymouth .. Paparua Roto-aira Waikeria Wellington Wi Tako 7 31 54 4 76 80 24 87 242 I I 35 194 376 i 20 146 281 85 1,378 337 36 174 98 433 68 188 1,206 97 2 8 14 7 7 24 18 9 7 46 26 4 25 35 2 118 90 1 2 51 58 16 171 140 5 2 83 48 4 118 102 5 Totals .. 154 270 624 ! 1,048 759 4,095

Prisons and Visiting Justices. aZ a A 2 Ph g I p. I o r I CO A 01 Z "cl en Si >h -2 .g a I I o * hi rd 92 « a 73 o Eh Addington — V. G. Day, S.M. S. E. McCarthy,S.M... Auckland — J. E. Wilson, S.M. .. F. K. Hunt, S.M. ,T H. Hannan ,]. H. Bradney J. H. Poynton, S.M. .. E. C Cutten, S.M. .. W. R. McKean, S.M. .. Invercargill — J. Crosby Smith J. Stead W. A. Ott .. G. Cruickshank, S.M. .. W. Barrett Paparua — S. E. McCarthy, S.M... J. A. A. Caesar Napier — J. S. Large A. L. Beattie R. Q. Dyer, S.M. New Plymouth — H. Weston .. F. C. J. Beliiinger .. T. A. B. Bailey, S.M... C. H. Burgess Wellington — H. Hume E. Arnold .. W. G. Riddell, S.M. .. Waikeria— H. R. Ryder J. B. Teasdale Point llttlswcll — E. Arnold Roto-aira — John Oullen, I.S.O. .. 3 i i 2 1 1 1 3 2 i i l 2 3 1 2 I 1 1 2 1 i 1 1 2 5 3 2 i i i i 8 2 i i i 3 3 3 i 4 5 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 i i i 7 i i I 2 2 1 5 1 1 1 3 2 i i 3 I 1 -) I 3 1 2 I 2 1 14 4 8 II 3 29 2 4 27 2 4 15 5 4 6 1 1 Q 2 1 2 I 2 4 3 2 I 1 18 5 1 1 I 3 I 1 1 2 2 i i 10 4 8 2 •) I I 2 i 1 2 4 4 2 4 3, 6 4 5 I 5 2 4 2 6 3 3 5 25 52 1 1 I I 2. 2 2 3 5 3 2 1 23. 3 1 1 2 2 3 2 :; 11