EDUCATION: STATE CARE OF CHILDREN, SPECIAL SCHOOLS, AND INFANT-LIFE PROTECTION. [In continuation of E. 4, 1820.]

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1921 Session I-II, E-04

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Session 11. 1921. NEW ZEALAND.

EDUCATION: STATE CARE OF CHILDREN, SPECIAL SCHOOLS, AND INFANT-LIFE PROTECTION. [In continuation of E. 4, 1820.]

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

No. I.—EXTRACT FROM THE FORTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF TILE MINISTER OF EDUCATION. State Care of Dependent and Delinquent Children and Infant-life Protection. The Special Schools Branch of the Education Department provides (1) for the maintenance, training, and general upbringing of neglected and homeless children committed by Courts to the care of the State, for the maintenance and guardianship of children who lost both parents as a result of the influenza epidemic in .1918-19, for the training of delinquent children and juvenile offenders, for the supervision of all young persons (male and female) placed on temporary probation by the Courts ; (2) for the supervision of all infants under the age of six years maintained apart from their parents or adopted with premium, for the general supervision of children for whose upkeep pensions are paid, either under the widows or epidemic pensions scheme, and for the investigation of all applications for the adoption of children ; and (3) for the education and maintenance of all afflicted children — deaf, blind, feeble-minded, and. for children with defective speech. The total number of children in the care of the State in 1920 was 5,233, classed under the following headings : — Boarded out, industrial schools, receiving-homes, &c. .. .. .. 3,839 Juvenile probation.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 281 Infant-life protection . . .. .. . . .. . . 797 Deaf children .. .. . . .. .. . . . . 118 Feeble-minded children . . . . . . . . . . ~ 198 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,233 The number of children committed to the care of the State during the year was 535, classified according to reason for committal as follows : Destitution, 172 ; vagrancy, 17 ; associating with disreputable persons, 10 ; not under proper control, 207 ; transferred from gaol, 14 ; accused or guilty of punishable offences, 78 ; and in addition 37 were admitted by private arrangement,

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Classified according to age at the time of admission the numbers are as follows : Under six months, 57 ; over six months and under one year, 23 ; from one to five years, 108 ; from five to ten years, 155 ; from ten to fourteen years, 135 ; and over fourteen years, 57. During the year receiving-homes for the temporary care of such, children were established at Napier, Hamilton, and Wanganui, and lady officers who are all qualified nurses were appointed to Palmerston North, Greymouth, and Invercargill for the purpose of investigating all cases reported as coming within the terms of section 17 of the Industrial Schools Act and for placing out either with relatives or friends or in foster-homes any children dealt with by the Courts in these districts, and for the purpose of supervising infants maintained apart from their parents or adopted with premium. Numbers under Control. At the end of the year there were 3,839 children under control (excluding those mentioned under separate headings below), and of these 151 were in residence at Government receiving-homes, probation homes, training-farms, and training institutions, and 207 in private industrial schools ; 1,886 children were boarded out in foster-homes, 788 were in situations, and 520 residing under license with relatives and friends. Of the boarded-out children a number are over the age of fourteen years and are still attending primary schools, 27 are receiving higher education —(17 technical and 10 secondary), and 28 are apprentices partly maintained by the State. The children over school age in employment number 683 males and 338 females (included in the total of 3,839). Of the males, 494 are farm workers (11 skilled in dairy-work and cheesemaking and 483 competent to milk and carry out general farm-work), 41 are apprentices, and 148 others are employed in various trades. Of the girls there are 292 domestic workers, 16 apprentices, 13 factory employees, and 17 engaged in various employments such as shop-assistants, nurses, dressmakers, typists, kindergarten trainees, &c. Juvenile Probation System. Male Juvenile Probation Officers have now been appointed to Napier, Palmerston North, jGreymouth, and Invercargill. The functions of Juvenile Probation Officers are to assist the Courts in ascertaining the full facts regarding parents, conditions of homes and environment of all children brought under the notice of the police, to supervise and befriend any juveniles placed on probation by the various Magistrates, and to undertake, on the application of the parents, the supervision of any children who are inclined to become uncontrollable. In addition, all male inmates of industrial schools or training-farms placed in situations, or with relatives or friends, are supervised by the Juvenile Probation Officers. There were 947 cases dealt with by the Courts in the principal centres of population throughout the year, and of these only 224 were actually admitted to receivinghomes or training institutions, 277 were placed on probation and supervised in their own homes, and the remainder were dealt with generally in a summary manner not calling for supervision by Probation Officers. Infant-life Protection and Adoption of Children. At the end of the year there were 797 children under the age of six years maintained in 621 foster-homes. Of these 498 homes each had one child, 85 had two children each, and 29 homes had three each. The payments for the maintenance of each child ranged from 7s. 6d. to £2 2s. a week, but the average rate of payment was approximately 14s. a week. Adoptions. During the year 417 children were adopted, and in 41 of these cases premiums were received by the Department's agents and paid out at the rate of 15s. a week for each child concerned. Of the total number of children adopted, 113 were under the age of six months, 43 under twelve months, and 180 under the age of six years.

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Care and Training of Afflicted Children. School for the Deaf, Sumner. The pupils under instruction during the year numbered 118, and of these 24 were day pupils and 94 boarders. Included in this number 10 were part-time pupils under tuition in the afternoons for various forms of speech disorders while continuing their general education at public schools in the mornings, and 9 were either full-time day pupils or boarders for the correction of speech defects. Thus there were 99 deaf pupils and 19 pupils being treated for defective speech. During the year special day classes for partially deaf children and for stammerers were established in Auckland, Wellington, and Dunedin with highly successful results, and provision has also been made in these centres for night classes for the instruction of the adult deaf. During the winter vacation lectures on the principles and teachings of speech were delivered by the Director of the school to teachers and students in several of the centres of population. Special Schools for the Feeble-minded. There are three such special schools—one at Eichmond for girls, one at Stoke for boys under fifteen years of age, and one at Otekaike, near Oamaru, for older lads. The number of girls in residence at Richmond during the year was 74, at Stoke 54 boys of school age, and at Otekaike 70 youths over school age. Expenditure. The total net expenditure by the Department for the year 1920-21 on the above services was as follows :— £ School for the Deaf .. .. .. .. .. .. 6,050 Education of the blind .. . . .. .. .. Or. 146 Schools for the feeble-minded .. .. .. .. .. 15,605 Industrial schools, receiving-homes, probation system, boarding-out system, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 107,753 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. £129,262

No. 2.—REPORT OF THE OFFICER IN CHARGE, INDUSTRIAL AND SPECIAL SCHOOLS BRANCH (INCLUDING AFFLICTED CHILDREN AND INFANT-LIFE PROTECTION). Sir, — Education Department, 12th September, 1921. I have the honour to submit the following report on the work of the Industrial and Special Schools Branch for last year : — The Branch carries out the following phases of social-welfare work : — (1.) Maintenance, supervision, and training of all destitute, dependent, and delinquent children committed to the care of the State. (2.) Supervision of children and juvenile offenders placed on probation by the Courts. (3.) Supervision of all infants under six years of age maintained for payment apart from their parents or guardians. (4.) Supervision, of children in cases where epidemic pensions or widows' pensions are paid by the State. (5.) Education and training of afflicted children over the age of six years. The definition " afflicted " includes deaf, blind, or improvable feeble-minded children, and children partially deaf or suffering from defective speech, and stammerers.

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The following figures show the number of children dealt with under the foregoing headings Nos. (1), (2), (3), and (5) :— Industrial schools and receiving-homes.. . . . . .. .. 3,839 Juvenile probation . . .. .. .. .. .. . . 281 Infant-life protection . . .. .. .. . . . . 797 Afflicted children - Deaf . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. I 118 Feeble-minded .. .. .. .. .. .. .. g 198 5,233 Children committed to the Cabh op the State. During the year considerable progress has been made in the direction of providing for the supervision of children in the districts to which they belong in preference to their being brought into one of the four centres and from there placed out in country homes. Agencies have now been established in all the smaller centres of population —Whangarei, Hamilton, Napier, Wanganui, Palmerston North, Nelson, Greymouth, Timaru, and Invercargill; and small receiving-homes or clearing-houses have been provided at Napier, Hamilton, Wanganui, and Nelson. This is undoubtedly a step in the right direction, for it eliminates the need for the long journeys formerly undertaken by country children to the nearest principal centre with the necessary responsible adult escorts, and provides for additional supervision of all children placed out in country districts by experienced, lady officers whose headquarters are in close proximity to the foster-homes and places of employment of the young people who are still under the control of the Department. By an arrangement with the police and Court officials the services of the lady Boarding-out Officers in each of the aforementioned centres, and of the Manager of the receiving-home in each of the four larger centres, are now available for investigating all cases of children coming under the notice of the police, and for assisting Magistrates when the children are brought before them in Court. The receiving-home eliminates the need for children to be detained or escorted by the police, and provides for the temporary shelter of any child who for various reasons and for the time being cannot be provided for by its parents or guardians or relatives. To complete the present system receiving-homes should be established in such centres as Palmerston North, Greymouth, Timaru, and Invercargill, but the present financial stringency renders such an extension impossible at the present time. To provide for this deficiency, however, arrangements have been made with respectable householders for the temporary accommodation of dependent children who may be from time to time (usually without notice of any kind) brought under the care of the Department. By an arrangement with the Pensions Department the Boarding-out Officers now undertake the preliminary inquiries regarding all applications for widows' pensions. This work was formerly undertaken by the police, who have carried out this duty with tact and discretion, but there is no doubt that it is more fitting that the necessary inquiries and visits to the homes in question should be the work of experienced lady officers. On the principle that where money is paid out by the State there should be some means of ensuring that it is used for the purpose for which it is granted, occasional visits are made to these homes by the Department's lady officers, all of whom are trained nurses. Such visits are also made for the purpose of giving advice (if sought) to the mothers (the great majority of whom are respectable members of society) regarding the physical welfare of their children, or of utilizing the organization of the Branch in assisting in placing the children, when old enough, in suitable employment. In a great many cases the services of the Department's lady officers are availed of by Magistrates in investigating applications for the adoption of children. I consider that all such cases should be reported on by the Department before being dealt with by the Courts. Speaking generally, I have been impressed by the scrupulous care exercised by Magistrates in deciding all adoptions, but in many instances not only the children in question but the adopting parents as well are known to the Department's officers, who are therefore in a position to give an opinion based not on a single visit but on experience of the conditions extending over a period of years in the majority of cases.' BoAKDING-OUT SYSTEM. The majority of the children committed to the care of the State are not detained in institutions, but are boarded out in foster-homes situated mainly in suburban areas and in districts in close proximity to the smaller centres of population. At the end of June of this year there were 2,018 children boarded 0ut—1,954 from Government receiving-homes and 64 from private industrial schools (Roman Catholic). Arranged according to the ages of the children the numbers are as follows : Under five years, 427 ; from five to ten years, 713 ; from ten to twelve years, 358 ; from twelve to thirteen years, 213 ; from thirteen to fourteen years, 183 ; and over fourteen years, 124. These numbers include nearly 400 epidemic orphans of all ages, who are placed mainly with relatives. It is pleasing to note that the authorities of private industrial schools (especially St. Mary's, Auckland) have adopted the boarding-out system to a limited extent for the purpose of providing for the children belonging to these schools. The rate paid to the foster-parents for the maintenance of each child is 15s. a week, but for infants under twelve months 17s. 6d. a week is paid. Each child is provided with a very complete initial outfit, the foster-parents being required to maintain the clothing at this standard. Medical attendance, medicines, and dentistry are provided by the Department, as also are school-books and school stationery. Upon Boarding-out Officers and Managers of Receiving-homes rests the responsibility of selecting proper homes and of supervising the inmates in these homes. No hard-and-fast rules can be laid down as to the type of home to be selected, or the number of times a home should be visited, or the methods of supervision. Much depends upon the personality, ability, and intuition

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of the officer concerned. Frequent visiting is advocated in the interests of the children, and as a general rule this is carried out; but the Department arranges a further safeguard by obtaining confidential reports every quarter from the headmasters or class-teachers of the schools which the children attend. Wherever possible arrangements are also made for honorary local Lady Visitors to visit the foster-homes monthly, or oftoner if necessary, and generally to keep a friendly eye on the children concerned. For certain types of dependent children there is no question that the boarding-out system is superior to all other systems of dealing with them. The fact that under the boarding-out system children have the opportunity of growing up as ordinary members of the community under decent conditions is in itself sufficient to commend the system apart from any other consideration in its favour. Associated with boarding out, it is essential that there should be cottage homes where a preliminary training in correct habits and discipline may be carried out. This is provided for in the receivinghomes for children and older girls, and in probation homes for boys. As these homes are of limited capacity, the period for which any one child is kept in residence is necessarily limited, but further provision is made at the Boys' Training-farm, Weraroa, and at the Caversham Industrial School for the accommodation for periods up to twelve months (or longer if necessary) of boys and girls respectively who after a trial at board fail to do well. Juvenile Probation System. The juvenile probation system has been extended considerably during the past year. Officers have been appointed for the Palmerston North, Hawke's Bay, West Coast, and Southland Districts, and already there is a very noticeable diminution in the number of boys and juveniles who have to be actually admitted to such a corrective institution as the Boys' Training-farm, Weraroa. The results pbtaincd during the past four years have proved beyond doubt the efficacy of probation under proper supervision as a means of reforming the large number of boys and youths who, on account of the lack of proper home conditions, would, but for the intervention of the Department, drift into a career of crime and general lawlessness. Great difficulty is experienced, however, in obtaining the services of capable Probation Officers. To be successful as a Probation Officer a man must have exceptional qualifications : he must possess initiative, be sympathetic though firm, and must at all times be prepared to devote the whole of his time to his work. For the man who carries out his duty properly there can be no fixed hours —he must be prepared to respond at all times to any call for assistance or advice. Probably the most important part of a Probation Officer's work lies in homevisiting, and in many cases he is called upon to insist on reforms on the part of the parents and in the home conditions as a necessary aid in the reformation of the boy. The numbers dealt with by the Juvenile Probation Officers in the main centres during last year are shown in the following table : —

Children dealt with by the Courts in 1920. REASON FOR COMING BEFORE COURTS.

■s 1 JD (H^ j 1 *t 1<3 a £ ,g 3 1, £ ■*- § £ o o, "w o in l^-o .a o a a <i C H fl p P, rH i 11 CD a '■3 d o s I a o a If 13 o 8 CD a £ hi I -Sli a| -B -a-? Sg as a S? 81 .S SH gffl gfn !5 « Ph 11 I 1 ffl Ji Whangarei .. 2 .. .. .. 16 Auckland .. 122 22 .. 6 54 Hamilton . . 1.0 .. . . 1 8 Wanganui • • 7 Wellington .. 75 II 2 9 3 Nelson .. .. 6 Christchurch . . 84 20 .. 24 21 Timaru .. 80 3 1 13 Dunedin .. 71 8 .. 33 11 Invercargill . . 36 8 • ■ ■' ? 6 1 16 54 8 5 ! 1 2 2 11 18 24 1 7 "2 9 3 2 21 i i 5 15 2 2 8 2 "l 24 13 33 9 15 3 2 ii 7 2 4 24 5 I Totals .. 443 73 3 95 117 95 117 5 3 3 " 3 36 83 15 10 5 e an ro a .a 9 'a — £• ~ a>,; 1 tt 1-W § o^ c« m o 9 |k o ■§.a i s §»' CO |] 31 la ao U, VJ n r" CD a CD CD •a a 51§ £■ * * f* pis Cj a =3 05 OS S3 ■a is a a o S Hi oi 1 Whangarei Auckland .. 1 4 1 4 Hamilton Wanganui Wellington .. 3 • • • • • • I Nelson Christchurch .... Timaru .. i .. Dunedin Invercargill 4 12 3 2 1 8 20 282 36 7 131 10 178 64 151 68 4 3 3 1 1 1 Totals .. ! 4 4 I 4 1 4 4 4 19 6 1 1 i li 1 947

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HOW CASES DEALT WITH.

Assisted Service, Higher Service, and Employment of State Children over School Age. An important part of the work carried out by Managers of institutions, Boarding-out Officers, and Juvenile Probation Officers is the placing of State children in suitable avenues of employment. On the care and discrimination exercised by these officers in this work depends the future, of the children, and also the question whether, when they reach the adult stage, these young charges will become assets or liabilities to the State. The Department is fully alive to the importance of this particular phase of the work, and, as a matter of fact, reviews the action taken in each individual case. As a general rule these young people are encouraged to take up rural occupations, as experience has shown that for the majority of lads, who are taken from the crowded city areas, life in the country offers the best chance of complete reformation. There are a considerable number, of course, who are eminently suitable for trades and similar occupations, and for those the Department finds suitable openings, hi the case of the latter considerable difficulty is experienced in boarding them in suitable homes ; probably this difficulty could be got over to a certain extent by utilizing part of the accommodation at each receiving-home and probation home for the purpose of housing these young people in the early stages of apprenticeship at least. At the end of 1920 there were 28 children at service receiving assistance. Assisted service in most cases refers to apprenticeship. At the end of 1920 there were 27 children receiving higher education —17 technical and 10 secondary. In addition a considerable number of children over the age of fourteen years are still attending the public schools and being maintained by the Department. Nature of Employment at 31st December, 1920, of Boys who have left School. At the end of the year there were 494 farm-workers—ll skilled in dairy-work and chcesemaking, and 483 others competent to milk and carry out general farm-work. There were 41 boys apprenticed as follows : 5 bootmakers, 5 carpenters, 5 painters, 4 engineers, 3 basketmakers, 2 electrical engineers, 2 plumbers, 2 cabinetmakers, 2 foundry employees, 2 saddlers, 2 shipwrights, 1 baker, 1 blacksmith, 1 cycle-manufacturer, 1 jockey, 1 motor mechanic, 1 plasterer, and 1 upholsterer. Boys otherwise employed (not apprenticed) totalled 148, as follows : 22 factory hands, 19 shop-assistants, 17 labourers, 13 sailors, 10 sawmillers, 7 bootmakers, 7 clerks, 7 motor-drivers, 7 orchardists, 6 Post and Telegraph Department, 6 Railways, 5 painters and decorators, 4 general helps, 3 gardeners, 2 bakers, 2 coachbuilders, 2 drivers, 1 assistant in warehouse, 1 blacksmith, 1 butcher, 1 commercial traveller, 1 dyeworker, I fire-brigade hand, 1 miner, 1 milkman, 1 porter, 1 pilot-station hand. Total number of boys employed, 683 (494 farm-workers, 41 apprentices, and 148 others). Nature of Employment at 31st December, 1920, of Girls who have left School. There were 292 domestics; 16 apprentices (12 tailoresses, 3 dressmakers, and 1 boot-factory employee) ; 13 factory employees ; and 17 in other employment, as follows : 3 shop-assistants, 2 dairymaids, 2 nurses, 2 waitresses, 2 dressmakers, 1 typist, 1 laundress, 1 kindergarten trainee, and 1 Post and Telegraph Department. This gives a total of 338 girls employed (292 domestics, 16 apprentices, 13 factory employees, and 17 others). Admissions during 1920. During the year 535 children were committed to the care of the Department (517 to Government schools and 18 to private industrial schools), as compared with 864 for the previous year. The following table shows the new admissions classified according to age : — Boys. Girls. Total. Under six months . . .. .. . • 20 37 57 Over six months and under one year .. . . 13 10 23 One year to five years .. . . ... 47 61 108 Five years to ten years . . . . .. 92 63 155 Ten years to fourteen years . . .. .. 97 38 135 Over fourteen years .. .. .. 49 8 57 Totals .. .. .. ..318 217 .535

3 I—I o-i 4» O ;jsco SB o Q o 13 S _ fl S o o s .o X> o Ph u CO O 1 3 13 fl T3 || 2 « ■3" 13 13 mi o i S p 3 a> -a fl fl o & o u A, © o js o CO o fl M fl a Qi S . O g Sj -I S m T3 o O o -1-3 fl a M O Q "fl CO 5 13 « "2 « o . 13 13.2 fl fl g 13 is™ 2 S Si fl So 8 8 i U §■ ftx * AS 5 « a 'g3 3 -r H 5 3,9 .2. 5 a ' 9 5 S 0 " O i i| o % g 3 £ o ■** , »gd S3 fl -gH o K a. o .- :5 fl « .2 £ fl « fl£ a. g" §«! g O O I M 13 fl rtfl3 OJ O e* O M '5 =3 — Cxi \ rf fl o ' -^ O O O j H 20 .. 282 36 7 .. 131 10 5 178 04 2 151 11 68 ifl O Whangarci Auckland Hamilton Wanganui Wellington Nelson ('hristchurch Timaru Dunedin 15 76 7 3 28 2 54 7 23 9 1 8 3 82 12 85 16 1 17 2 11 21 04 9 6 io 1 , .. 9 ! 1 i .... i i 3 .. i 3 I 1 .. 4 : .. 3 8 4 .. 9 .. 14 21 39 i • • 1 3 58 17 2 2 4 2 17 .. .. 1 .. 1 57 : 21 30 8 .. 5 4 7 3 2 8 5 7 3 i 5 1 1 .. 19 .. .. 1 , .. 4 7 I .. .. 22 ! .. 4 49 1 1 •• i Invercargill Totals 224 14 , 263 226 43 43 19 3 2 1 9 6 2 1 I 1 3 18 947

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Table 14 attached to this report shows the new admissions classified according to the causes of admission. Of the total number (535), 172 were destitute, 199 not under proper control, and 78 had been charged with punishable offences. Of the children admitted under these three headings all excepting 44 were placed out in foster-homes before the end of the year. Table 15 gives particulars of the character or state of the parents at the time of the admission of the children. From this table I have selected the following figures showing (1) the number of children of drunken parents, and (2) the number of children of feeble-minded parents. Admission of Children during 1920 on account of the Drinking Habits of one or both Parents. Drunken mother .. . . . . . . . . . . 26 Drunken father .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 54 Both parents drunkards . . . . . . . . .. .. 6 86 Children admitted during 1920 on account of Mental Deficiency of Parents. Mentally deficient mother .. .. .. . . .. . . 51 Mentally deficient father .. .. . . . . . . 11 Both parents defective mentally . . . . . . . . .. .. 3 65 The following figures show the number of committals to industrial schools for the past twelve years: Year 1909, 294; 1910, 290; 1911, 389;»1912, 405; 1913, 328; 1914, 405: average for six years before the war, 352. Year 1915, 453 ; 1916, 436 ; 1917, 358 ; 1918, 381; 1919, 864 ; 1.920, 535 : average for six years after commencement of war, 505 (excluding epidemic orphans the average is 438).

Schools for the Feeble-minded. Numbers at 31st December, 1920.

Particulars of Expenditure for the Year 1920-21.

I have, &c, J. Beck, Officer in Charge, Special Schools Branch. The Director of Education, Wellington.

Stoke. Otekaike. Richmond. • Total. In residence On vacation At board With friends At service 43 11 63 6 54 18 1 1 ■ i 160 35 1 1 1 1 Totals .. 54 70 74 198

Stoke. Otekaike. Richmond. Total. Salaries War bonus Maintenance buildings Travelling-expenses Maintenance, institutions . . Additional buildings £ 5,489 74 16 1,01.4 3,993 98 £ 4,379 59 149 198 809 39 £ 1,529 15 3 105 3,356 £ 1.1,397 148 168 1,317 8,158 137 Recoveries 10,684 5,633 5,008 21,325 5,720 Net cost to Department £15,605

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No. 3.—SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF, SUMNER. report of the director (abridged). Sir — I have the honour to lay before you my report for the year 1921. The number of pupils who were under instruction during the year is shown in the following tabulated statement: — Boya. CJirls. Total. Pupils of 1919 who returned to school .. .. .. 47 39 86 Admitted during the year . . .. . . .. 19 13 32 Under instruction during the year .. .. .. 66 52 118 Left school during the year . . . . .. 11 6 17 Died .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. 1 Absent during the year, but expected to return in 1921 .... 1 1 Number expected to return in 1921 .. . . .. 54 47 101 Of the 118 pupils, twenty-four were day pupils and ninety-four boarders. Of the former, ten were part-time pupils under treatment in the afternoons for speech-disorders of various kinds, while continuing their general education at public schools' in the mornings. There were also nine wholetime pupils attending for the correction of speech-defects for varying periods. Of these four were day pupils and five boarders. Thus there were ninety-nine deaf pupils and nineteen pupils being treated for defective speech. The homes of the ninety-nine deaf pupils were distributed throughout the Dominion as under : Nineteen in Auckland, six in Taranaki, six in Hawke's Bay, nineteen in Wellington, three in Nelson, one in Marlborough, two in Westland, twenty-three in Canterbury, and twenty in Otago. The proportionately larger number of Canterbury pupils may be attributed to the school being better known there than in other parts. Five of the cases of congenital deafness admitted call for special mention as instances of neglect, due probably to parental ignorance. The ages at which these were admitted were respectively eight years and two months, ten years and three months, twelve years and six months, sixteen years, and thirty-one years and ten months. To the unthinking the first of these cases might not appear to indicate a very serious waste of time. But when one realizes that, as an English writer well says, " No matter at what age the deaf begin their education, they all begin at the same pomt —an intellectual zero," one can form some sort of an idea of how much a child loses whose intelligent intercourse with its fellows is almost completely cut off until months after its school life has commenced, and who does not begin the latter until over eight years of age. What shall we say of those whose education is deferred until the age of ton and a half or twelve and a half years ? Skilful, patient care on the part of their teachers may do much for them, but no amount of skill or devotion can atone for the years that have been wasted. The condition of the boy whose school career began at the age of sixteen is still sadder. Here we have a bright, intelligent lad, eager to learn, but unable to express himself except by gestures and grimaces, taking his place in a class along with little children of five, starting with them at the same " intellectual zero," and, though mentally well endowed by nature, faced with the prospect of ultimately leaving school with a very limited knowledge of language and very ill equipped for the battle of life. The other case referred to, that of a young man of nearly thirty-two years of age, is one. of the most pitiful that has come under my notice. He too starts at " intellectual zero," but very gratifying results have been obtained during the few weeks he has been at school, and there is every indication that in time he will be able to take a more human position in society. The above cases indicate how desirable it is in the interests of the deaf that persons knowing of deaf children not getting proper education should notify the Department of the same without loss of time. That parents, householders, and officials generally are required by law to give such information, and liable to a penalty if they do not, is a fact that might with advantage bo brought home to the public in a forcible manner. As mentioned above, nineteen of our pupils were not deaf, but attended for treatment of speech-defects. Ten of these were stammerers, and the other nine were unable to articulate properly. Inability to pronounce certain letters is a not uncommon condition among children, and may greatly retard their educational progress. When the defect is confined to a single letter the child's speech, is peculiar only, but when there are several that cannot be pronounced, his utterance, through the constant recurrence of the defective elements, may be so abnormal as to be utterly unintelligible to any but his intimate associates. Under such conditions a child grows up excessively shy and hyper-sensitive, which cuts him off from ordinary social intercourse and tends to make him morbidly secretive extent that is difficult to realize by any one without experience of such cases. Fortunately these cases of defective articulation, when not the result of mental deficiency, readily respond to scientific treatment based on an exact knowledge of the mechanism of speech. After varying periods of treatment, six of the nine cases referred to above left the school able to speak correctly. Two, recently admitted, require further treatment, but in the ninth case the defective speech is the result of mental deficiency, and, while considerable improvement has been effected, the disability may be regarded as a permanent one. All the cases of stammering, that were treated at the school have done well, very gratifying results having been obtained. One case,

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a boy who was admitted in April, 1919, and who at that time was so badly afflicted that he was unable to get out a single word, left at the end of the year freed from his impediment. It will be necessary for the others to continue their treatment. The affliction is such a painful one and decreases the efficiency so much in almost every walk in life that no expenditure of time or effort ■should be spared in order to remove it. A new departure, so far as New Zealand is concerned, in the work of the education of the deaf was instituted in February by the opening of a special day class for partially deaf children at Wellington. The class was taught by a teacher trained at this school, and the results obtained were highly encouraging. Six pupils of this school, whoso homes were in Wellington, were transferred to it. In addition to the deaf pupils twelve cases of defective articulation and fourteen cases of stammering were treated. The work done has been so successful that similar classes should be opened at Auckland and Dunedin as soon as possible. For the present and for some considerable time it will be necessary to confine these classes, so far as deaf children are concerned, to pupils that have a considerable amount of residual hearing, as teachers fully trained in the art of teaching the congenital deaf cannot yet be spared for the work. It is intended to make provision in the near future for the teaching of lip-reading to the adult deaf at these special classes. During the winter vacation, on the invitation of various branches of the New Zealand Educational Institute, lectures on the teaching of speech were delivered by me to largely attended meetings of teachers and students at Wellington, Christchurch, Ashburton, and Timaru, At these lectures an explanation of the principles of speech and of speech-mechanism was given, with special reference to the relationship of these principles to the teaching of spelling and reading and to the correction of defects of speech. I also visited a number of schools and was pleased to find an increase of attention being jiaid to phonetic teaching. Very many letters have been received from ex-pupils in different parts of the Dominion during the year, and it is gratifying to find that these are getting on well, and that they are useful, selfsupporting members of the community. Farming and gardening operations have always been an interesting and valuable part of the work here, both from the educational and purely utilitarian point of view. To our other activities in this direction was added last year that of beekeeping, which shows indications of being a success. From the farm and garden a plentiful sup pi y of fruit, vegetables, milk, and eggs was obtained, the total value of which supplied to the school during the year was £489 16s. 4d. I have, &c, J. E. Stevens, The Director of Education, Wellington. Director, School for the Deaf.

EXPKNDITURE ON SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF. The expenditure on the school for the last financial year (1920-21) is as follows : — £ Salaries .. .. .. .. '. . .. .. .. 6,396 Maintenance of pupils and sundry expenses .. .. .. .. 1,747 Travel ling-ex [lenses .. .. .. .. .. . . .. 251 Maintenance of buildings, furnishings, &c. . . .. .. . . 285 8,679 Less parental contributions and amounts received from Hospital and Charitable Aid Boards .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,629 Net expenditure .. .. .. .. £6,050 The net expenditure for the year 1918-19 was £5,332.

2-E. 4.

E.—4

10

No. 4.—STATISTICS : INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL AND PROBATION SYSTEM, AND SPECIAL SCHOOLS.

Table I 1. —Expenditure on Industrial Schools and Probation System.

Table 11a. —Government Expendituee on Private (Roman Catholic) Schools, 1920-21. GrosH Expenditure. £ St. Mary's, Auckland .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,285 St. Joseph's, Upper Hutt .. .. .. .. .. 251 St. Mary's, Nelson .. .. .. .. .. .. 220 St. Vincent de Paul's, Dunedin .. .. .. .. .. 65 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. £1,821 Table 11b. — Government Expenditure on the Maintenance op Inmates sent to Other Institutions, 1920-21. £ Mount Magdala, Christchurch .. .. .. .. 27 St. Mary's, Otahuhu .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. £35

Institution. General Maintenance. Repairs to Buildings, Furnishings, efce. New Buildings. Totals. Receiving-home— £ b. d. £ s Auckland .. .. .. .. 477 17 6 129 Hamilton .. .. .. .. 151 11 2 Wanganui .. .. .. .. 370 18 0 11 Napier .. .. .. .. 493 10 7 4 1 Boys'Training-farm, Weraroa .. .. 9,207 12 5 2,055 1 Receiving-home, Wellington .. .. 2,290 13 4 23 1 Children's Home, Miramar .. .. 330 0 3 0 Boys'Training-farm. Nelson .. .. 416 7 0 769 I Receiving-home, Nelson .. .. 981 3 (i 85 1 Receiving-home, Christchurch .. .. 2,025 10 10 90 1 I'e Oranga Home .. . . . . 30 4 4 25 Burnham Industrial School .. .. 389 9 11 Caversham Industrial School .. .. 3,536 111 1,725 1: Boarding-out officers .. .. .. 100 2 9 Probation HomesAuckland .. .. .. .. 798 12 2 526 1 Wellington .. .. .. .. 888 6 5 22 Christchurch .. .. .. 1,130 17 11 120 Dunedin .. .. .. .. 309 7 8 39 l! Inmates not resident at an institution .. 4,718 0 7 £ s. d. 477 17 0 151 11 2 370 18 0 493 10 7 9,207 12 5 2,£90 13 4 330 0 3 416 7 0 981 3 (i 2,025 10 10 30 4 4 389 9 11 3,536 1 11 100 2 9 £ s. d. 129 0 8 1 16 0 4 15 9 2,055 17 7 23 17 4 0 3 5 709 17 9 85 12 6 90 10 3 25 4 5 s. d. 0 8 16 6 15 9 17 7 17 4 3 5 17 9 12 0 10 3 4 5 12 7 10 3 5 6 7 4 19 6 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 £ s d. 46 13 1 2,582 17 4 2,785 19 9 1,894 15 7 510 I 0 1,493 18 11 46 12 8 309 15 (i £ 4' 2,58 2,78 1.89' 511 1,49: 4i 30! 151 1,30 2! 9! 0' 1,79! 1,05! 16 32 35 14 10 13' 16 )9 >6" >i !9 19 i4 19 i2 1 ! 1 . 1 1 'l 1 1 1 1 1 s i: r 1! 1.' J If I: IE ( II ( LJ U i s 3 .7 .9 5 1 8 2 5 0 1 6 o 5 5 0 i I 1 ) S [ i 1 > ) . 1 i > i d. 1 4 9 7 6 11 8 6 0 11 9 8 2 5 6 £ s. d. 1,72512 7 150 0 0 1,301 11 11 29 6 9 798 12 2 888 6 5 1,130 17 11 309 7 8 4,718 0 7 526 16 3 22 5 6 120 7 4 39 19 0 99 13 8 04 5 2 1,799 15 5 1,052 0 6 Totals .. .. .. 28,712 14 3 0,227 28,712 14 3 0,227 3 4 3 4 1 14,167 13 9 1,16' 17 1 3 9 ?alarics and war bonus Boarding out— Payments to foster-parents Payments to Postal Department for payment of orders Refund of maintenance payments.. Refund of inmates' earnings - .. rravelling-expcnses, rents, &c. Sundries 0 3,251 37' 55 ?4 I 8 5 ! 1 10 0 49,107 11 4 28,416 1.1 3 66,255 1.8 10 374 5 0 06,630 3 10 735 9 3 351 13 7 12,534 7 2 552 0 0 Less recoveries— From parents and others, and from sales of farm-produce 158,327 16 11 52,409 18 10 Total net cost.. £105,917 18 I

11

E.—4

Table I 2.—Total Amounts paid in Salaries and for the General Maintenance of all Government Industrial Schools fob the fast Five Years. The figures for the years 1919-20 and 1920-21 include the salaries of Probation Officers, Boardingout Officers, and Visiting Officers, also the upkeep of probation and receiving homes, and the expenditure under the infant-life-protection system. 1916-17. 1917-18. 1918-19. 1919-20. 1920-21. £ £ £ £ £ Salaries .. .. 14,788 15,687 14,270 20,152 28.416 Maintenance .. 23,237 24,483 19,247 26,299 28,713 38,025 40,170 33,517 46,451 57,129

Table I 2a.—Salaries and Cost of Maintenance of Government Industrial Schools (including Receiving-homes, Probation Homes, etc.) and Special Schools for 1919-20 and 1920 21.

Table I 2is. —Gross Recoveries from Parents and Others. 1919-20. 1920-21 £ £ Industrial schools .. .. .. .. ..16,098 19,548 Special schools .. .. .. .. .. 2,797 3,848 Charitable Aid Boards (industrial and special schools) .. 10,008 21,256 £28,903 £44,652

Table I 2c. —Cash Sales of Farm-produce, 1920-21.

q , . Mamtcnane Salaries. , . and Ag 1919-20. 1920-21. 1919-20. is of Schools lencies. 1920-21. Care of State children School for the Deaf Schools for the Feeble-minded £ 20,152 4,818 4,922 £ 28,416 6,396 11,548 £ 26,299 2.031 3,719 £ 28,713 2.283 8,148 29,892 46,360 32,049 39,144

Item. .Hoys' Training-farm, Weraroa. Special School, Otekaike. Special School, Nelson. Totals. Cheese Butter Milk Cream Eggs Poultry Vegetables Orchard Sheep Wool. . Cattle Hides Pigs Flour Coreals Mats and baskets Sundries £ s. d. 1,242 3 7 592 13 9 832 11 11 17 11 9 171 19 6 36 19 8 113 7 6 2 2 8 428 8 8 £ s. d. 181 8 11 30 II 0 27 16 8 0 1 4 £ s. d. 175 15 4 67 13 9 3 2 0 4 2 5 2 3 4 5 9 11 293 10 5 12 8 6 50 0 9 135 5 6 20 5 9 61 17 6 2 2 7 £ s. d. 1,242 3 7 949 18 0 930 16 8 48 10 5 176 3 3 39 3 0 125 0 6 295 13 1 639 19 0 59 13 5 336 17 5 56 10 11 527 15 6 8 19 7 61 9 8 82 2 2 75 14 1 6 3 1 129 17 9 33 12 4 348 12 3 2 1 3 61 9 8 199 1 10 9 12 8 71 14 2 2 12 10 117 5 9 4 15 9 31 13 0 82 2 2 11 0 10 33 0 3 Totals 4,045 5 3 744 7 0 866 18 0 5,656 10 3

8.—4

Table 1 3.—Numbers under Control at 31st December, 1920.

12

Government Schools. Private Schools. All Schools. Particulars of Children belonging to the Schools. ID a = 1 if <B © a-a te 13 © ©*T CD D o a 1* S a r* ° lgf o "3 .a o o £ a a~ ■§2"' 1 ©" -H sr - rH H oc a go © o © a - >>a £ a °°"*a . a ft OQ © a" a a |5 Totals of all Schools. B. ! G. B. B. G. B. G. j B. G. ! B. B. G. B. B. G. B. G. B. B. G. B. ! B. i G. | G. B. 0. a. B. G. | Both I Sexes. i In the schools .. .. 3 16 4 1 1 .. 311 3! 62 2 8 Boarded out .. .. 238 191 23 37 39 44 29 I 27 23 ! 4 301 215 With friends .. .. 34 30 20 17 4 31 9 j 5 9 68 64 34 At service .. .. 27 52 18 13 8 33 5 2 5 180 66 55 Under guardianship .. .. \ 1 .. .. 1 5 1 1 Committed, but on probation 3 1 2 ........ 2 1 5 4 In hospitals, convalescent .. 1 6 4 homes, &c. In mental hospitals .. .. 2 2 .. 1 Adopted .. 1 2 In refuges or cognate instil- .. 4 .. .. 7 tutions In orphanages, cottage .. 8 4 1 homes, &c. In probation homes .. 11 2 7 Absent without leave 1 1 2 32 1 In gaol .. : .. .. 4* 1 At School for the Deaf 1 At Special School, Otekaike 11 3 At Special School, Stoke .. 2 1 At Special School, Richmond .. 5 2 At Jubilee Institute for the Blind At St. Stephen's College .. 1 .. 1 At Te Aute College 1 ' .. Temporarily at St. Mary's, .. 1 Auckland Temporarily at Weraroa 1 1 .. .. 7 Temporarily at Christchurch .. .. 1 Receiving-home Temporarily at Nelson 7 1 Temporarily at Caversham .. .. .. .. .. Temporarily at St Joseph's, ' .. | 4 Upper Hutt Totals .. ..319 310 71 69 52 111 46 38 i 42 384 473 332 4 3 81 10 .. 42 i :: - 2 ..; .. -■ ! 2 .. ! .. '• '• i i .'. 3 33 5 4 •■ I •• 3 i 13 207 137 28 22 47 62 1 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 4 4 4 1 .. 115 23 3 41 .. 14 1 3 1 1 1 22 2 90 ! .. 26 7 68 i :: i 1 .. 5 1 j .. 4 | .. 1 j .. 52 ! 54 50 23 ' 20 3 19 28 14 20 16 8 2 .. .. 1 1 .. 13 1 .. 1 5 2 9 21 21 143 215 358 1 .. 2 1,104 782 1,886 3 4 6 329 191 520 2 1 10 494 294 788 23 6 29 17 6 23 .... 1 11 11 22 5 8 13 1 2 3 ..4 2 31 31 .... 1 6 14 20 27 .. 27 45 1 46 5* 4 9* 3 3 15 .. 15 7 .. 7 9 9 .. i .. 3 1 2 .. .. I .. .. i .. .. I .. 2 .. 2 .. .... 1 .. 1 .. I 1 1 -■ : •• .. j .. . ll .. .. 'i i " 10 .. 10 2 2 '• ! " •• 1 ■■ 2 302 i 250 •- •• 4 199 .. , .. 226 9 .. .. .. 118 125 81 •• 8 .. 8 2 2 4 4 15 30 43 2,257 1,582 3,839 45 I 4 141 81 * Three of these boys were awaiting transfer from gaol to Weraroa under section 25 of the Industrial Schools Act.

8.—4.

Table I 4. —Admissions in 1920, classified according to Causes of Admission.

Table I 5. —Admissions in 1920, classified according to Status at 31st December, 1920.

13

Gove; •urns; it Schools. Private Schoi .Is. All Schools. Admitted as a a ,a a a a. « CJC 3.3 a-n ~ a a ]> '© o S ati o a :S « ce3 m a r-,-3 Mm a a a a o a a •a or, -- cc &a 3 a cflT- a cii.:: •«.£ CO M as o o 0, o H M w4 a o 'e S a a, >.^ I] I r*i h a 33 IS m <s a £> 'rll ® W 5 © a o Bja ll 13 .E © © . a. <Sl " 2 aa° Si CJ O CJ B. ! G. s.s ■■si i .o a a O 3 ,S 'hQ CO Q. r, .- a II ° B. B. G. M a Hi r-,a aGO c/f :d §« w io I. 1-5 P, . B, $^ © a 4J © a a <a a .9 - si Totals of all Schools. B. G. B. a. G. B. B. Gt. B. B. G. B. G. a. a. B. G. Both Sexes. _l I )estitute legging .. r agrant .. n disreputable associations lot under proper control (complaint by police) Jncontrollable (complaint by parents) iccused or guilty of punishable offences 'ransferred from gaol 5y private arrangement 14 13 1 1 39 48 18 13 18 8 10 1 4 l l 80 92 172 2 1 2 1 i i 7 4 3 .. 2 .! .. i 1 i 10 2 7 8 17 1.0 24 27 24 6 27 23 1 3 I 4 4 21 15 21 ..7 9 1 i 3 114 85 199 1 1 o 2 ! 1 5 3 8 8 37 6 1 2 11 3 9 1 74 4 78 3 7 3 14 3 8 9 2 2 14 19 18 14 37 Totals 44 50 2 1 62 88 88 S 4 52 318 535 85 5 37 1 24 21 i I 4 9 4 1 217

s>'£ a « II ir. *H R III -„ -§g ■SSS £»-§ S-oO §S-S §g£ SS« Z.o3 °&P ?,"S top, aSrn OP* fc P «l a Hi a I -a a © _; I* H Totals. Status at 31st December, 1U20. 60 a '§> M S a B. (i. — B. | G. B. ! G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. i. G. I. B , „ Both 3 ' °- Soxes. In residenco Boarded out At service With friends On probation Under guardianship In probation homes In hospitals, convalescent homes, &o. In mental hospital In refuges or orphanages In prison Missing Adopted Died Discharged by warrant or written off books At special school, Stoke At special school, Otekaike Temporary at Weraroa Temporary at Nelson Re-ceiving-home Temporary at Caversham At board at St. Joseph's 4 60 9 8 66 1 6 6 2 2 5 'i i 2 5 1 5 83 3 12 2 12 59 1 5 2 2 2 2 1 14 18 17 8 3 1 2 1 4 I) 1 1 14 6 4 6 .. 4 .. . 31 . 17! . 2. . 31 i i 35 179 25 32 5 15 26 61 F9 153 332 !5 3 28 12 12 44 5 3 8 3 3 9 .. 9 2 7 9 26 153 3 12 3 o 1 1 5 I 3 2 5 9 2 7 2 1 i i 1 4 2 2 2 .. 2 3 3 7 3 2 5 3 . . 3 7 .. 7 2 i 2 2 2 1 5 I 2 I 2 6 2 5 7 6 2 8 5 o 1 2 . 3 2 3 1 3 .. 2 .. 2 3 .. 3 1 .. 1 2 i 1 1 1 i " I 1 1 1 1 1 .. I. 1 Totals 10 7 2 8 114 85 '"I ! 3 74 4 19 | I 18 14 4 .. . 311 318 8 217 535 217 80 92

E.—4

14

Table I 6.—Admissions in 1920, classified according to Number in Residence at 31st December, 1920.

Government Industrial Schools. Private Industrial Schools. All Schools. Particulars of Children in Kesidence on 31st December, 1920. so a E "© © 3 — B. G. . =" If a & a* V I a c '© S3 o a — © H ad a .31? „ o es o o a _ a 1 i i I " 9 'E .- '© > © © _ SS a = *A ft B. G. B. G. a *© © © •©-a i 1 9 a © s ps a © a a g w s • to -„ g g 3 a a - a 3 a =5 a a a" a B. B. G. ■g p. S p. •3 „- £ ■§ Totals of all a ~ »~ - a Schools. v. a, v cj sa SO 5Q K GO rH B. G. G. B. G. G. B. G. B. G. c?°^ 1 B. B. B. G. B. B. G. ! I I B. G. B. B. G. [Destitute Begging 2i 2 .. I .. .. .. 2 .. 1 .. .. .... 1 1 .. 3 6 1 2 '.. 1 2 4 8 12 •- 2 j j ..2 2 2 2 2 3 .. .. 1 .. 5 7 .. 3 2 .. ..: .. .. 5 5 12 17 .. .. 1 12 2 .. 2 1 13 1 1 .J 1 .. 14 1 15 - j 4 1 .. ..' 4 1 5 6 6 .. 6 i .... 2 4 .. .. 2 1 33 19 2 5 2 2 7 35 26 61 .. 1 Vagrant .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. Disreputable associations 2 .. " " " SJot under control (complaint by police) .. ; . . .. i i i 2 2 .. 1 .. 1 .. Uncontrollable (complaint by parent) Accused or guilty of punishable offences .. 13 .. Admitted by private arrangement .. .. 1 1 1 2 6 .. 3 22 2 transferred from gaol Totals .. 3 5 .... 3 .. .. 3I .. — M -■ ■- I ! I I I

15

E.—4

Table I 7. —Admissions in 1920, classified according to Parents' Circumstances and Character.

The numbers of children admitted were —From Wellington, 104 ; Auckland, 79 ; Christchurch, 61 ; Dunedin, 31 ; Greymouth, 26; Napier, 25 ; Invercargill, 18 ; Palmerston North, 15 ; Wanganui, 14 ; Kaikohe, 11 ; Petone, 10 ; Kaitaia, 9 ; Paeroa, 9 ; Westport, 9 ; Hastings, 8 ; Stratford, 6 ; Masterton, 5 ; Opotiki, 5 ; Timaru, 5 ; Dargaville, 4; Feilding, 4 ; Grcytown, 4 ; Hokitika, 4 ; Nelson, 4 ; New Plymouth, 4 ; Otahuhu, 4 ; Otorohanga, 4 ; Wairoa, 4 ; Maungaturoto, 3 ; Waiuku, 3 ; Alexandra, 2 ; Dannevirke, 2 ; Lyttelton, 2 ; Milton, 2 ; Motueka, 2 ; Pahiatua, 2 ; Rawene, 2 ; Rotorua, 2 ; Russell, 2 ; Te Awamutu, 2 ; Timaru, 2 ; Blenheim, 1 ; Carterton, 1 ; Cromwell, 1 ; Gisborne, 1 ; Hamilton, 1 ; Matamata, 1 ; Matata, 1 ; Morrinsville, 1 ; Oamaru, 1 ; Ractihi, 1 ; Rangiora, 1 ; Taihape, 1 ; Takahiwai, 1 ; Taumarunui, 1 ; Taupo, 1 ; Tauranga, 1 ; Te Aroha, 1 ; Thames, 1 ; Waipawa, 1 ; Waima, 1 ; Whangarei, 1. The records show that, of the total number of children admitted, 27-53 per cent, were known to be illegitimate. When children are before the Courts the Magistrates, after hearing evidence, direct in what religious denomination they are to be brought up. The orders made in 1920 show the denominations

Seasons for Com imittal o .f Childi 'en. Fathers described as Mothers described as a" 3 t/j CD o aii a 'Si a m a S So a s> .S3 a 4 d -» '© 5 It CO H a a 3 s > J-i -" 9 9 rj OtH I 1 +3 . a ,88 a a CtJrH — r"> O.Q a| a O a a hi *l a cj eg ™ H .a u gS a o g ■a • £"3 rl Hi OrK CO a g •4H tO O 0> *l S © Is a S3 _r 03 ■a,a © w en — a a a 3 °Ch Total. Dead Dead Good Questionable Bad Addicted to drink .. Unknown Physically unfit Dead Good Questionable Bad Addicted to drink.. Mentally weak Deserter Unknown Physically unfit Dead Good Questionable Bad Addicted to drink .. Mentally weak Deserter Physically unfit .. Dead Good Questionable Bad Addicted to drink.. Mentally weak Physically unfit Good Questionable Bad Addicted to drink.. Mentally weak Deserter Good Questionable Addicted to drink. . Mentally weak Good Questionable Deserter Unknown Dead Good Questionable Bad Addicted to drink.. Mentally weak Unknown Physically unfit .. Dead 7 3 1 16 6 4 15 6 i 7 1 41 21 5 2 2 4 2 19 82 20 3 2 21 16 2 7 6 27 43 2 10 9 1 3 2 4 7 1 2 4 1 21 12 9 6 4 2 3 5 3 3 17 7 3 1 4 14 16 6 1 13 10 3 1 2 2 2 i 1 1 4 34 0 Good 1 7 8 2 1 3 2 4 19 10 2 2 1 11 1 1 5 l 4 4 1 1 16 12 2 Questionable .. 7 3 5 18 2 1 15 15 1 5 1 i i 7 3 1 7 8 1 3 2 Bad 2 2 7 2 2 1 4 Addicted to drink 7 5 i 1 8 4 9 5 4 1 6 3 Mentally weak 3 5 3 >> 3 I Deserter >» • • Unknown 17 5 2 I 1 9 7 1 1 11 5 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 5 2 i i 2 i 1 I 2 i i 2 Physically unfit Totals • 172 17 10 199 8 37 | I 14 78 535

E.—4

16

to be as follow : Anglican, 283; Roman Catholic, 103; Presbyterian, 76 ; Methodist, 33; Salvation Army, 9 ; Baptist, 7 ; Church of Christ, i ; Lutheran, .1 ; Plymouth Brethren, J ; Protestant, 1 ; unknown, 20.

Table I 8.—Deaths, 1920.

Table I 9. —Inmates discharged from Industrial Schools during 1920.

Under the provisions of tha Industrial Schools Act, 1909, power is given for the detention beyond the age of twenty-ono years of any inmate who, upon application being made to a Magistrate by the Manager of the school at the direction of the Minister of Education, is found to be morally degenerate or otherwise not (in the public interest) a fit person to be free from control. In the nine years since this Act came into operation there have been eighty-five orders issued extending the period of control, sixty of the inmates concerned being girls. The Act provides for extension for four years, and gives power to the Court on similar procedure to renew the order from time to time for a period of four years. It is expected that the number of those over whom authority beyond twenty-one years will be needed will always be small in proportion to the whole number of inmates ; but the value of such an enactment in respect of the remainder who have to be detained is obvious, both in their own interest and in that of the community at large.

Age at Death. Status at Death. Certified Cause of Death. School to which belonging. Yrs. mos. 0 1 0 I 0 2 0 2 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 7 1 2 1 4 1 7 2 11 4 1 4 2 4 10 5 10 7 8 13 0 18 0 13 11 14 10 15 11 15 11 16 1 16 5 16 i) In residence At board . . Tn hospital At board .. In hospital In residence In hospital At board . . \n hospital At board . . In residence At board . . In hospital Marasmus Marasmus ; bronchitis Asthenia ; cardiac failure General tuberculosis from birth Marasmus ; heart failure Marasmus ; cardiac failure Convulsions ; enteritis Marasmus ; whooping-cough ; cardiac failure .. Pertussis ; broncho-pneumonia Broncho-pneumonia; cardiac failure Broncho-pneumonia; cardiac failure Broncho-pneumonia; measles Broncho-pneumonia Acute gastro-enteritis ; convulsions Acute enteritis Shook following on accidental scalding Not shown in registration of death Tubercular peritonitis Appendicitis ; peritonitis ; empyema Phthisis ; respiratory failure Committed suicide by shooting himself 1 nfluenza; pneumonia Fracture of skull Tuberculosis ; heart failure By a horse dragging and kicking him Wellington Receiving-home. (Christchurch Receiving-home. Caversham. (St. Joseph's, Upper Hutt. Wellington Receiving-home. At board .. in hospital Auokland Keeeiving-home. Boys' Training-farm, Weraroa. Auckland Receiving-home. Wellington Receiving-home. At service With friends At service In hospital At service Boys' Training-farm, Nelson. Christohurch Receiving-home. Boys' Training-farm, Weraroa.

bu -a a " .8 B ■-. § t % 0 a g w •< -g -a v" 2 S a a «s . t|S " |r« hi K Pq 3. G. B. G. IS. 4 111 9 10 54 1 1| .. .. 3 .. 4 .. 4 2 I ft en -a ft £ . CO to a . a a a .a — a > u*^ | «1 g fH^ fto> . 2 a I "I So >>3 tDSi OHH a" &c I r a « a ° 2d (h . Ho _ 0) . i£ a a el g§ -.a rH rH B. B. a a M CO bo (3 ■g 3 . ■5 © 31 ifi o | a | > 6 B. G. a I a 13 ,g 9)rS a a Ph „ "m a oK M B. aa ■5 cd s O -a a.9 Is +J Particulars of Discharge. "3 •3 a H B. G. a H Both Sexes. r.. G. B. G. B. B. (3. 1 B. G. G. I >y warrant ly death ittained twenty-one 4. 1 54 3 2 i 1 12 7 .. 9 7.. .. 1 .. 12 0 15 1 1 .. 1 6 8 2 8 15 7 1 .. .. 3 1 2 120 51 17 9 2 22 171 26 24 8 i years larried idopted.. Written off .. 1 .. 1 .. 1 6 14.... 8 7 27 9 15 67 1 1 3 2 3 3 i 7 19 12 7 30 81 i l 8 5 6 6 6 i i *4 3 ii 19 Totals 7 67 3 32 27 i 16 1 2 •6 17 22 16 1 4 169 120 289 16

17

E.—4

No. S.—INFANT-LIFE-PROTECTION STATISTICS.

Particulars of Children admitted to and removed from Licensed Foster-homes during 1920.

Foster-homes. The 797 infants in foster-homes at the end of the year were distributed as follows :— In 498 homes each having one .. .. .. .. .. 498 In 85 „ two .. .. .. .. .. 170 In 29 „ three .. .. .. ..87 In 7 „ four .. .. .. .. .. 28 In 1 ~ five .. .. .. .. .. 5 In 1 „ nine .. .. .. .. .. 9 621 797 Seventeen of the homes were those in which children under six were boarded out by Charitable Aid Boards. The total number of licensed homes was 852, so that at the end of the year there were 231 licensed homes in which for the time being no infants were boarded. Kates of Payment by Parents or Guardians. An account of the rates paid is given in the following statement :— 1 at the rate of ss. per week. 2at the rate of 16s. per week. 1 „ 6s. „ 18 „ 17s. 6d. „ 1 „ 7s. „ 1 „ 18s. 10 „ 7s. 6d. „ 59 „ 20s. 7 „ Bs. „ 3 „ 21s. 1 „ Bs. 6d. ~ 1 225. 6d. „ 3 „ 9s. „ 2 „ 235. 226 „ 10s. „ 8 „ 255. 4 „ 10s. 6d. „ 4 „ 30s. 1 „ 10s. 10d. ~ 1 „ 355. 2 „ Us. „ 1 „ 425. 2 „ 11s. 6d. ~ 14 adopted, with premium (10s. per week). 45 „ 12s. ~ 2 „ „ (12s. 6d. „). 174 „ 12s. 6d. „ 14 „ „ (15s. „ ). 3 „ 13s. ~ 1 for whom clothing, &c, is supplied. 5 14s. „ 1 adopted without premium, but who is 177 j. 15s. ~ still under supervision. 2 „ 15s. 6d. „

3—E. 4.

rS i-S ■§ g H I "s hj, d J C8<H L3 a> M (N CO ■*# |8, 'SS, "Sj, Hvh M»H CO W-l a ° a ° a ° S Efl O SP ■ O m tD r-l 0 f-l <V *-* |S 11 rj "Six "Six "Six mm m i p r •a d S w> -* MH a ° CO « I cj f £ PQ 5D r-J © a at To cc C m i \ N So I * ° £ i On the books at 31st December, 92 80 1919 Placed in licensed homes during 203 87 the year ■ 168 134 96 78 46 44 95 72 64 801 27 15 5 505 Totals .. .. 295 167 295 167 246 246 180 140 122 87 69 1,306 Withdrawn from homes— Removed by parents or 24 31 guardians Deaths .. .. .. 3 4 Adoptions without premiums 11 3 In homes to which exemption 1 1 was granted Brought under the operation 3 2 of the Industrial Schools Act Written off the books for 11 20 various causes 24 31 I 3 4 11 3 1 1 57 6 5 57 48 37 6 .. 1 5 7 10 1 7 2 7 15 11 14 40 7 32 7 9 278 14 3 53 3 3 2 7 3 3 27 11 20 15 5 3 55 134 Total withdrawals 53 61 53 61 90 68 70 90 6-8 70 55 4:2 70 509 On the books at 31st December, 75 105 1920 75 105 109 136 116 109 136 116 93 69 94 797 94

8.—4.

The following is a comparison of the rates paid during the last five years:— 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920. Under 7s. per week ... ... 31 19 11 7 2 7s, and under 10s. per week ... 128 75 52 53 22 10s. per week... ... ... 539 532 502 368 240 Over 10s. per week ... ... 143 215 294 376 531 Exempted Institutions. From the provision that " it shall not be lawful for any person in consideration of any payment or reward to receive or retain in his care or charge any infant for the purpose of nursing or maintaining it apart from its parents or guardians for a longer period than seven consecutive days unless such person is licensed as a foster-parent" the Minister may grant certain exemptions, and under this authority exemption has been granted to the institutions set forth in the following list, which- shows also the numbers dealt with and the deaths. The conditions of the exemptions provide for inspection, and for the removal of the infants only with duo formality.

Of the above 442 children, 20 have no parents living, 87 have a mother only, and 120 have a father only. The remainder (215) have both parents living. Deaths in Fostek-homes. Of the 1,306 infants that were, at one time or another on the books as being in foster-homes during 1920, fourteen died; of these, two died in the foster-homes, eleven in hospitals to which they had been removed for treatment, and one died in- her mother's homo to which she was removed with doctor's consent a few hours before death, so that the deaths in foster-homes represented 0'15 per cent, of the total number, dealt with. Nino of tho fourteen Were under the age of twelve months, and eleven were of illegitimate birth.

18

Adi nissio: 1920. is, leaths. On t) iilst D( ie Bool cenibei :s at f, 1920. Name of Institution. 171 fl , O <D »f CD ' •a a P (i.) &£ a-sl s « co o fl CO CO M 1 H "©•S (2.)_ CD w 3»7 flio ■3 3 35a a 3 6 P. w co-tl © ° a P (4) 04 m 1-1 CO ® 03 %< <§- d .-h'-' S Ss lag C fl *o -* II fir (a.) (6.) CO .fl a £! §) co< 11 ° fl p (7.) CM •O tx §3 fl at S3 5§ S3 (8.) © "5 Sfo . ri rJ(S as (9.) (3.) Salvation Army Boys' Homo, Russell St. Mary's Industrial School (Girls' Branch), Auckland St. Joseph's Orphanage, Takapuna, Auckland Mission House of the Order of the Good Shepherd, Auckland .. Orphan Homo, Papatoetoe, Auckland Children's Home, Ponsonby, Auckland Methodist Orphanage, Mount Albert, Auckland Leslie Orphanage, Romuora, Auckland Manurewa Children's Home, Auckland St. Mary's Home, Otahuhu, Auckland Salvation Army Orphanage, " The Grange," Heme Bay, Auckland Salvation Army Maternity Home, Auckland Cook County Women's Guild Creche, Gisborne Salvation Army Samaritan Home, G-isborne.. Children's Home, Palmerston North Manawatu Willard Children's Home, Palmerston North Salvation Army Bethany Home, Napier St. Hilda's Home, Otane, Hawke's Bay Wanganui Orphanage, Gonville, Wanganui Salvation Army Boys' Home, Eltham, Taranaki Presbyterian Orphanage, Berharnpore, Wellington Levin Memorial Home, Wellington.. St. Josoph's Orphanage, Uppor Hutt, Wellington Home of Compassion, Island Bay, Wellington Salvation Army Girls' Home, Owen Street, Wellington Salvation Army Boys' Home, Island Bay, Wellington St. Mary's Orphanage, Nelson Nazareth House, Christohurch Saored Heart Orphanage, Mount Magdala, Christchurch St. Saviour's Home, Shirley, Christchurch Methodist Orphanage, Papanui, Christohurch Salvation Army Maternity Home, Christchurch Presbyterian Orphanage, Papanui, Ohristohuroh Children's Convalescent Cottage, New Brighton, Christchurch St. Saviour's Orphanage for Boys, Otipua Road, Timaru Salvation Army Boys' Home, Temuka, Canterbury St. Mary's Orphanage, Mornington, Dunedin St. Vincent de Paul's Orphanage, South Dunedin Glendining Home, Anderson's Bay, Dunedin Salvation Army Home, 15 Dunblane Street, Roslyn, Dunedin Salvation Army Homo, Middlemarch, Otago Presbyterian Orphanage, Gordon Street, IrivercargiU Victoria Memorial Home, Invereargill .. i 1 '2 10 i 10 15 Day nurso ry on ly. 2 1 3 1 14 4 .'! '2 6 8 3 3 15 18 4 8 4 " '2 io '3 *2 '4 12 29 5 11 50 5 3 i '2 3 1 10 3 5 6 9 9 8 26 '2 2 3 6 7 1 02 50 1 '3 1 7 18 1 51 65 1 3 10 31 34 19 16 2 i 12 2 3 14 9 10 " i 1 i 1 1 109 1 1 109 3 6 i 2 17 6 4 4 '2 15 3 8 '2 '5 20 3 7 1 10 2 (3 2 i 1 i 10 5 i Totals 163 38 459 3 4 19 19 24 442

E.—4

19

The following is a statement of the number of deaths during the time that the infant-life-protection system has been in the Department's charge : — 1908 .. .. .. .. 26 deaths outof 1,017 infants = 256 percent. 1909 .. .. .. ..25 „ 1,181 „ = 2-11 1910 26 „ 1,183 „ =2-19 1911 13 ~ 1,183 „ =1-09 1912 .. .. .. ..12 „ 1,228 „ =o'9B 1913 .. .. .. .. 18 „ 1,330 „ =0-98 1914 .. .. .. ..20 „ 1,423 „ =1-40 1915 .. .. .. ..14 „ 1,440 „ =0.98 1916 .. .. .. ..17 „ 1,250 „ = 1-36 1917 .. .. .. ..12 ~ 1,361 „ =088 1918 6 „ 1,341 „ =0-44 1919 .. .. .. ..10 1,403 „ =0-71 1920 .. .. .. ..14 „ 1,306 „ =1-07 Deaths in Exempted Institutions. These, with other particulars, are shown in the foregoing table relating to exempted institutions. The following is a statement of the deaths during the ton years in which a record of the deaths has been kept:— 1911 .. .. 47 deaths out of 899 infants dealt with=s'23 per cent. 1912 .. ..36 „ 911 „ =3-95 1913 .. ..18 „ 984 „ =1-82 1914 .. ..37 „ 944 „ =391 1915 .. ..11 „ 1,026 „ =1-08 1916 .. ..9 „ 939 „ =0-96 1917 .. ..15 „ 1,136 „ =1-32 1918 .. ..15 „ 955 „ =1-57 1919 .. ..13 „ 1,050 „ =1-24 1920 .. ..19 „ 1,002 „ =1-89 Adoptions during the Year 1920. During the year 417 orders of adoption were made; 41 of the adoption orders provided for premiums, and 376 were without monetary consideration. The following shows the ages of the adopted children : —

The amount of the premiums ranged from £5 ss. to £200 ; there being also one case in which the premium took the form of maintenance at the rate of 10s. a week to be paid until the child attains the age of sixteen years, she being, at the time of adoption, one year and eleven months old.

4—E. 4.

Age. With I With Premium. Premium. . Withoi Without Premium. .utP Pre aium. Total. Under 6 months Between 6 months and 12 months ,, 1 and 2 years .. 2 „ 3 „ 3 „ 4 „ .. 4 „ 5 „ .. 5 „ 6 „ .. 6 „ 7 „ .. 7 „ 8 „ .. 8 „ 9 „ 9 „ 10 „ .. „ 10 „ 11 „ „ 11. ,,'12 „ .. „ 12 „ 13 „ .. „ 13 „ 14 „ .. „ 14 „ 15 „ .. 16 9 9 3 2 1 16 9 9 3 2 1 1 97 34 54 33 31 26 22 14 12 6 7 6 9 9 9 7 9', 34 54 31 31 2C 25 14 IS e 7 I c c 7 i7 .4 4 3 1 6 2 4 2 (i 7 6 9 9 9 7 113 43 63 36 33 26 22 15 12 7 7 6 9 9 9 7 1 a The adopting persons were — Husband and wife jointly .. Widow Widower Spinster Wife only 4 41 41 376 417 402 7 1 6 1 417__

E.— 4

Illegitimacy.

Number of Illegitimate Children under Six Yearn of Age in Licensed Foster-komes at 31st December, 1920. ' Whangarei . . .. . . . . . . .. .. 2 Auckland .. .. .. . . .. .. 80 Hamilton .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 Gisborne .. .. .. . . .. . . .. 5 Napier .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 Wanganui .. . .. .. . . .. 25 Wellington .. .. .. . . .. . . . . 103 Nelson .. .. .. .. . . .. .. 6 Christchurch . . .. . . .. .. .. .. 143 Timaru .. .. .. .. .. .. ..25 Otago .. .. .. .. .. .. ..92 Total 494

Deaths amongst Illegitimate Children during 1920.

20

Provincial Districts. Illegitimate Births registered during 1920. Number of Illegitimate Children aged Twelve Months or loss brought under the Infants Aot during 1920. Whangarei. Auckland Hamilton Wanganui and Taranaki Hawke's Bay Gisborne Wellington Nelson and Marlborough North Canterbury and West Coast South Canterbury Otago and Southland 37 269 65 141 77 26 304 42 241 30 192 1 34 4 5 3 3 25 2 55 4 36 Totals for 1920 1,424 172 Totals for 1919 1,051 183

District. Under 6 Months. Over 6 Months and under 1 Year. Over 1 Year and under 2 Years. Over Over Over 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years and under ' and under I and under 3 Years. 4 Years. ! 5 Years. Over 5 Years and under 6 Yoars. Totals. I Auckland .. L'aranaki .. Hawke's Bay iVcllington Marlborough kelson SVesI land .. Canterbury 26 2 6 4-7 2 4 1 18 10 3 6 1 3 5 1 1 3 3 1 2 1 1 38 4 11 63 3 6 1 25 14 5 6 3 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 2 Jtago Southland .. Totals.. 119 21 15 9 I 3 170

E.-4

21

No. 6. —COSTLEY TRAINING INSTITUTION.

Balance-sheet for Year ending 31st December, 1920. Assets. £ s. d. Liabilities. £ s. d. Mortgages .. .. .. .. 21,145 0 0 Costlcy boquost .. .. .. 12,150 0 0 Accrued intorest .: .. .. 103 14 3 Hodgo bequest .. .. .. 742 3 9 War-loan stock .. .. .. 1,500 0 0 Revenue Account as below .. .. 9,700 11 10 Cash in bank of New Zealand .. .. 55 3 1 Jackson, Russell, Tunks, and Ostler .. 211 1 9 £22,803 17 4 £22,803 17 4 Revenue Account. Dr. £ s. d. Or. £ s d. To Maintenance Account .. .. 244 13 2 By Balance, 1st January, 1920 .. 8,627 3 I Expenses .. .. .. 77 17 3 Interest received .. .. .. 1,395 19 2 Balance carried forward . . . . 9,700 11 10 £10,023 2 3 £10,023 2 3

Approximate Oott of Paper. —Preparation, not wiven; printing (850 copies), £45.

Authority : Marcus P. Marks, Government Printer, Wellington.—l92l.

Price !)d.]