PRISONS (REPORT ON) FOR THE YEAR 1918-19. ALSO OPERATIONS OF THE FIRST OFFENDERS' PROBATION ACT, 1908 (REPORT ON), FOR THE YEAR 1918-19.

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1919 Session I, H-20

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1919. NEW ZEALAND.

PRISONS (REPORT ON) FOR THE YEAR 1918-19. ALSO OPERATIONS OF THE FIRST OFFENDERS' PROBATION ACT, 1908 (REPORT ON), FOR THE YEAR 1918-19.

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

Tho, Hon. the Minister in Charge of the Prisons Department to His Excellency the GovernorGeneral. My Lord, — Wellington, 15th August, 1919. I have the honour to submit to Your Excellency the report of the Prisons Department for the, year 1918. I have, &c, Thomas M. Wilford, Minister in Charge of Prisons Department.

The Permanent Head op the Prisons Department to the Minister in Charge of the Department. Sir, — Prisons Department, Ist August, 1919. I have the. honour to submit the thirty-eighth annual report on the prisons and prison institutions of the Dominion, together with the criminal statistics, the report of the Acting-Inspector of Prisons, and extracts from the reports of the Superintendents, Gaolers, and honorary Probation Officers. The statistics and Gaolers' reports are for the calendar year ended 31st December, 1918, while the Probation Officers' reports and the tables of expenditure and revenue cover the financial year terminating on the 31st March, 1919. The Government Statistician's figures for 1918 show that the daily average number of prisoners in the whole of the prisons of the Dominion was 981-95, compared with 914-26 in 1917, ail increase of 7-4 per cent. As pointed out elsewhere, however, the 1918 total included 222-928 military court' tnartialled prisoners, reducing the daily average of criminal prisoners to 759-022, against 860-149 prisoners of. the same class in 1917. The past year is the first of the war years in which there has been any marked decrease in the number of persons sentenced to civil imprisonment in New Zealand. The diminution in our criminal population as a result of the war is still far less, proportionately, than has been the case in Great Britain, but it is satisfactory to note that our experience in this direction is at last approximating to that of the older countries. Prison Population. Comparative Figures. The criminal statistics appearing as an appendix to this report show that the number of distinct persons received into the prisons and prison institutions of the Dominion during the year ended 31st December, 1918, was 3,150, compared with 4,112 in 1917 and 4,256 in 1916. It will thus be seen that there were 962 less persons sentenced to imprisonment in the past year than in 1917, and 1,106 less than in 1916. The daily average number of prisoners in 1918 was, however, 981-95, compared with 914-26 in 1917 and 942-77 in 1916. The increase in the daily average and the decrease in the receptions appears to be somewhat anomalous, but is probably accounted for by the fact that there was a considerable reduction in the number of short sentences imposed, while there was a substantial increase in the number of persons sentenced to twelve months and upwards. Offenders

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sentenced by military courts-martial to terms of hard labour exceeding twelve months no doubt provided the bulk of the longer sentences. Without this class of prisoner the daily average and reception figures would have more nearly approximated. The table published under the heading " Prisoners sentenced by Military Courts-martial shows that while the daily average of military prisoners was 222-928 in 1918, it was only 54-117 in 1917 and 3-017 in 1916. If these figures are deducted from the totals it will be seen that the daily average number of criminal prisoners was 939-753 in 1916, 860-149 in 1917, and only 759-022 in 1918. From these figures it is satisfactory to note that the criminal population in our prisons during the year 1918 was less by .134-218 in the daily average than in 1913, the last statistical year before the commencement of the war. Recent returns indicate, however, that the current year is likely to end with a higher daily average of sentenced criminal prisoners than was the case in the year under review, the tota,] daily average of all classes of prisoners for the year ended 31st March last being 1,003-43, as against 941-11 for the previous twelve months. The fluctuations in the prison population from 1881 to 1918 inclusive are shown in the table below :—

Daily Average, 1881 to 1918.

During the past year the number of military offenders serving terms of imprisonment in the civil prisons reached the highest total recorded during the war period, there being 293 prisoners of this class in the different prisons of the Dominion in the month of March, 1918. The policy of separating this class of prisoner from the criminal class, and employing them on useful reproductive work, has been continued. The larger proportion of the military prisoners worked and conducted themselves satisfactorily while in confinement, but there were certain grave exceptions to this rule. As under conditions existing in the outside world, the presence of a iew agitators in two of our institutions led on more than one occasion to a polioy of passive resistance on the part of a section of the military offenders that caused our officers considerable trouble. Firmness in dealing with the ringleaders and the rank and file of those who rebelled against authority had, however, the usual effect, and for some time past there has been no recrudescence of the trouble. The period that has elapsed since the signing of the Armistice has naturally enough proved to be our time of greatest stress in controlling this class of prisoner. As pointed out in my last year's report, the Department was faced with an entirely new problem when it had to make provision for such a comparatively large influx of noncriminal prisoners. The position has been met as satisfactorily as possible, but the effect on the discipline and control of the general body of the prisoners has not been altogether satisfactory; and if it should unfortunately happen that a, similar situation should again arise I sincerely trust that an endeavour will be made to confine military offenders in camps or other places entirely outside the jurisdiction of the Prisons Department. The distribution of the military court-martialled prisoners confined in the prisons and .prison institutions of the Dominion during the war period is clearly shown in the table, given below:

Military Court-martialled Prisoners in Civil Prisons.-Daily Average Number in Custody in the Principal Prisons of the Dominion during Four Years ended 31st December, 1918.

Y,ear. Daily Average if Prisoners in Dominion Prisons. Males. Females. Total. 1881 .. 1891 .. 1911 .. 1912 .. 1913 .. 1911 .. 1915 .. 1916 .. 1917 .. 1918 .. 631-66 159-22 799-08 855-28 826-69 916-09 93133 895-99 817-27 896-98 91-37 58-39 61-18 . 64-07 66-55 63-72 76-79 82-78 96-99 81.97 726-03 517-61 863-26 919-35 893-21 979-81 1,008-12 942-77 911-26 981-95 Prisoners sentena id by Military ( (Jourts-marlial.

Prison. 1915. 1016. 1917. 1918. Auckland [nyercargill Kaingaroa Lyttelton 1'a, I in, run . . Roto-aira Waikeria, Wellington 0-756 0-016 0-410 0-512 0-557 0-016 1 -980 0-104 0-360 0-600 3-500 2-010 0-032 2-229 20-700 10-400 14-640 1-717 39-030 32-040 0-065 44-256 22-250 58-300 22-27(1 Tot tals 1-694 3-017 54-11 1 222-928

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Expenditure and Receipts. The gross expenditure of the Department under all heads for the financial year ended 31st March amounted to £95,324, compared with £81,363 for the previous year, an increase of £13,961. The heaviest items of increase were Salaries, £8,645; farms, £2,726; rations, £1,224; clothing, £856. The large additional vote for salaries is accounted for partly by the usual scale increases, but more particularly by the fact thai, a, general increment of £20 per annum was granted to Prison officers. The increase in expenditure on the farms is due to the purchase of stock, implements, and the cost of development generally, but this increase is more than counterbalanced by the added revenue obtained from our different properties during the year. The higher daily average number of prisoners in 1918 compared with 1917, together with the increased cost of the staple articles of diet, explains the added cost of rations. Clothing, too, has continued to advance in price, but as a set-off against our apparent large expenditure under this head we are at present holding comparatively large stocks of soft-goods and other items in our general store. Our stock-sheets as at 31st March last show a total value of goods, most of which have been bought through the High Commissioner, amounting to £5,458. While for the reasons stated our expenditure increased considerably, our receipts advanced by a greater percentage, credits for the year amounting to £21,654, against £15,083 for 1917 18. Outnet expenditure was therefore £73,670, or £7,390 in excess of the net total for the previous year, an amount that is more than covered by the additional vote for salaries, without taking into account the inevitable increases under different heads that were caused by the increased cost of living. To illustrate the higher charges we have had to meet for items included in the prison dietary scale during the war period, 1 have had the following table prepared to show the average cost per head of prisoners' rations from 1909 to 1919: —

Average Cost per Head of Prisoners' Rations from 1909 to Date.

Receipts. The receipts for the financial year 1917-18 (£15,083) were stated in my last, report to constitute a record for the Depart ment but I am pleased to say that the figures for the year under review show a further substantial growth in our revenue-earning capacity. It is true that the increase is partly accounted for by the fact that owing to urgent representations in that direction financial credits are now being received from other Departments for a certain amount of work that was formerly carried out without, monetary compensation ; but, from Table I given below it will be seen that farming and other industries have materially assisted us in earning the handsome total of £21,654 for our year's work, exclusive of the huge amount of labour shown in Tables 2 and 3, for which no financial credit is yet received.

Table 1.-Cash received and Amounts credited to the Prisons Vote for the Year ended 31st March, 1919.

Year. Total Expenditure on Rations. Number of Prisoners. Cost per Head. _ I £ £ 1909 1910 191 I 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916-17 1918 1919 8,544 9,322 8,494 9,405 9,754 11,555 15.099 15,092 15,522 16,473 809*84 90173 836-26 917-89 893-24 979-81 1,008-12 920-15 941>U 1,003-43 10-55 1033 10-15 10-24 HH)I 11-79 14-97 16-41 16-64 16-41

J) u . :V" tal ; Farm- Farm .. . , -| $ Prison. Gravel, , ... , Bricks. 5d-3 „ produce. Stock. 5rg &c. ' -j P. H E £ £ £ £ Auckland ..1,697 Invercargill . . .. 361 Kaingaroa Lyttelton . . 165 Napier . . 127 New Plymouth j 717 44 Paparua .. .. 988 455 | .. 330 Roto-aira Waikeria .. .. 1,197 435 Wellington .. 100 .. 110 1,410 Miscellaneous credits Treeplant ng, £ 2,914 Boots. > i £ 399 361 O --j C CO .S 0 --? Roto- •| S £-5 2 aira r| J S-Pr 1 Roads. -■/, | p, ml £ I £ ' 814 IJii said <t ! £ 3,670 Totals. £ 2,096 4,845 2,914 526 127 761 2,725 1,609 2,197 1.620 372 580 1.609 565 2,234 Totals .. | 2,806 2,590 1,000 i 1,410 | 330 2,914 1,132, 1,959 I 1,609 3,670 j 21,654

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Value of Prison Labour for which Financial Credits are not received. Owing to the fact that the Department obtained financial credits from the Public Works Fund on account of tho work carried out on the Roto-aira Road, and in certain other directions during the past year, the total value of the labour employed on works, buildings, &c., during the past year is shown as amounting to less than it did in 1917-18, but the total remains sufficiently substantial to indicate that our policy of finding reproductive employment for all able-bodied prisoners is still being vigorously pursued. As in previous years, the estimates of the value of prison labour employed on buildings, roads, &c, have been made by the Public Works Engineer for the different districts, and are all based on freelabour standards.

Table 2.—Total Value of Prison Labour employed on Roads, Buildings, Reclamation, Wall-building, and other Public Works, for which no Financial Credit has been received, for the Year ended 31st March, 1919.

In addition to the large amount of developmental work that has been carried out on the different, areas now under our control, which, while adding materially to the capital value of our properties, cannot be shown in balance-sheet form, the various prison industries have been carried on as heretofore. The. estimated value of this part of our work, calculated on the basis of the saving to the State by the employment of prison labour in different directions, is shown in the accompanying table, No. 3.

Table 3.-Value of Prison Labour employed on Prison Works and Industries, for which Cash Credits are not obtained, for Year ended 31st March, 1919.

Summary. £ Cash and financial credits earned by the Department, 1918—19 .. .. 21,654 Estimated value of prison labour on public works, 1918-19 .. .. 11,577 Estimated value of prison labour employed on prison industries, domestic work, &c, 1918-19 .. .'. .. .. .. .. 19,823 Total value of prison labour 1918-19 .. .. .. £53,054 The gross expenditure of the Department for the year was £95,324. If from this is deducted our total earnings as shown above (£53,054), the net cost of the Prisons Department to the State for 1918 19 was £42,270.

Prison. Buildings and' Walls. Construction and Maintenance of Roads. Excavating Block- Reclamation for Buildings, making. Works. Totals. I Auckland Invercargill £ 1,682 £ £ £ £ £ 1,682 2,860 5,057 1,978 Paparua Waikeria Wellington 3,942 870 568 540 1,115 Totals .. 6,494 568 540 1,115 11,577

Prison. Boot- Tailoring . making (including for Officers] Repairs) and ' and Red Prisoners, j Cross work. Gardening and Farming. Buildingwork. Quarrying and other Work. Domestic Employ- Totals, ment. Addington Auckland .. Invercargill Kaingaroa.. Lyttelton .. Napier New Plymouth Paparua .. Roto-aira .. Waikeria .. Wellington Minor gaols £ 330 18 171 16 3 457 16 41 77 5 £ 617 207 11 41 £ 437 333 1,098 324 35 239 1,561 76 2,270 783 50 £ 552 567 3 £ 1,949 150 279 57 £ 325 1,179 628 247 486 121 285 420 250 571 738 100 £ 1,379 4,550 2,293 742 936 240 568 2,438 560 3,416 2,540 161 218 534 135 807 6 Totals 1,134 1,689 7,206 2,009 2,435 5,350 19,823

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Treb-planttng. Kaingaroa, situated on the pumice plains, thirty-three miles from Rotorua. in the thermal springs district, still remains our only afforestation camp. Military court-martialled prisoners formed the bulk of the inmates for the whole of the last calendar year, but with the advent of peace the numbers have diminished until at the present time criminal prisoners are again in the ascendant. The work of clearing, pitting, and planting has proceeded without, intermission, there being no trouble of any kind, except the usual amount of winter rain, to impede the successful carrying-out of the afforestation programme for the year. In addition to the ordinary planting-work, the officer in charge at Kaingaroa has succeeded in growing a satisfactory oat crop on the pumice lands, as well as an excellent crop of potatoes and vegetables of all kinds. Fifty pigs were also bred on the area under his control. The returns furnished by the Forestry Department show that 1,423,575 trees, covering an area of f ,085 acres, were planted during the year ended 31st March last, the sum paid by that Department for the labour of the prisoners employed being £2,793 2s. Id. The total number of trees and the area planted by prison labour, together with the labour-value of the work involved since the inception of the scheme in 1901, is shown in the table below :

Employment of Prison Labour. The section of this report supplied by the Acting Inspector of Prisons and Supervisor of Works illustrates clearly the varied nature of the work carried out on our different properties in the North and South Islands. Much has been done in the past twelve months to improve and develop our farms, to build up our dairy herds, and generally to advance the agricultural policy of the Department on the lines laid down in my first annual report. We are able to say that, while the necessity of sending men to prison is as regrettable as it always has been, the old reproach that their labour while in prison ceased to be an asset to the State is removed. Every able-bodied prisoner is now as fully employed as our system can compel him to be, while the large percentage of unfit men who gravitate to the gaols are disposed of as efficiently as possible. The latter class constitute a problem that neither the Prisons Department nor any outside system or association has been able to solve. For them there should be a special State institution. Gaol is no fit place for the human derelicts that are constantly being committed there by Judges and Magistrates for want of some better and more suitable institution to send them to. Institutional Schools, Physical Culturk, etc. The evening schools at Auckland and. Invercargill have been carried on satisfactorily, while physical culture has received due attention in these two institutions as in previous years. In my last year's report I remarked upon the necessity for raising the standard of education at the Invercargill Borstal Institution, and generally improving the system there to enable the place to be carried on more in conformity with the Borstal institutions in England. I am pleased to say that the improvements then recommended are now being carried out. The appointment of a second schoolmaster has enabled us to make provision lor carrying on the education of the boys and young men confined at Invercargill to the limit of the Board-school system, and also to arrange for pr< | aratory classes for more advanced subjects. Arrangements are now being made for the appointment of a full-time, schoolmaster for the Waikeria Reformatory, and 1 hope to be able to report next year that the younger inmates of that institution are being given an opportunity to improve themselves educationally while they are under our control. Classification of Prisoners. The improved systems of interclassification at Waikeria and Invercargill referred to in my last report have, worked satisfactorily, and arrangements are now in progress for building a superstructure on the foundation thus created. The progress of the buildings in course of erection at both places has given us much-needed facilities in this direction that have hitherto been entirely wanting. It is hoped that the present year will be the last in which we shall be compelled to provide accommodation for a large number of military offenders. The provision required for this class of prisoner has militated seriously against the advancement we wished to make in tin- proper separation and classification of the different types of criminal prisoners, and it is only by their final disappearance from the civil prisons that we shall be able to establish and maintain a really satisfactory system in our more recently created institutions. Hitherto our accommodation has been too limited and our buildings too obsolete, in their internal arrangements to enable any substantial improvement to be made.

i Area planted by Prison Labour from AT , c * , , Labour-value oi Prisoners' 1901 to March, 1919. Number of Trees planted. WoT . k 15,274 acres 39,802,075 £62,936

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Operations op the Crimes Amendment Act, 1910, and of Section 14 of the Statute I /w Amendment Act, 1917. The operations of the Prisons Board under the. Crimes Amendment Act, 1910, and the amendment of that Act in 1917, extending its jurisdiction to certain hard-labour cases, are fully dealt with in the report of the Board that is being presented during the current session of Parliament. Kxpcrience has proved that the question of. the release on probation of all prisoners sentenced to imprisonment by the Courts should be dealt with by the Board, in order that the treatment of all classes of criminals may be placed on a uniform basis. It is hoped that at a later period the necessary amendments will be made to existing Acts to enable this to be done. In the meantime the measure of reform provided by section 14 of the Statute Law Amendment Act of 1917 has enabled the Prisons Department to carry out its work with greater equity than was previously possible. Departmental Jan d|Staff Matters. ' In spite of shortage of staff caused by war conditions the Prisons Department has continued to carry on its work as a separate Department with comparative efficiency. Now that we are at peace once more, it will perhaps be possible to extend our work in various essential directions by the creation of branches that it has hitherto been impossible to establish. This particularly applies to the establishment of a section to deal more effectively with probation and preventive work. This branch has hitherto been hampered by tin; absence of a permanent staff, and the consequent lack of a thorough central system of organization. New Zealand has always fallen far short of its obligations in this direction, and it is quite, time that this important branch of social-reform work received adequate State attention. As stated in my last report, the various prison staffs were much reduced in number and quality by the demands of the Army, but the majority of our officers who have survived will soon have resumed duty, and it is hoped that conditions will again be normal when the time arrives to compile next year's report. The vacancies that have occurred, on the staffs of the different prisons and institutions have been filled, as far as possible, by the selection of applicants who have served with the, Expeditionary Forces, but it has been our invariable experience that these men have soon left our service, either voluntarily or compulsorily, for other employment. Better results will no doubt be obtained when a longer period has elapsed since the days of their campaigning and the nervous strain engendered thereby. The individual branch heads and their staffs have worked well and loyally under most adverse conditions, and the thanks of the Department are due to them one and all for their assistance in carrying on their somewhat thankless duties during a period of considerable stress. The influenza epidemic attacked both officers and. prisoners severely, and much difficulty was experienced in carrying on the work of supervision and control while the " plague " was at its height. Warders W. W. Goddard, of Wellington, and (J. G. Hall, of Paparua, succumbed to the epidemic. Both were valuable officers, and their loss was much felt by their comrades and by the Department. Mr. H. McMurray, Gaoler at Napier, died in October last, after a lingering illness. He was a competent and conscientious officer of long and honourable service, who could ill be spared. The opening of a new camp prison at Trentham, proclaimed as Wi Tako Prison, in April last necessitated the appointment of an additional officer in charge in the person of Principal Warder Dineen, who was promoted to the rank of Chief Warder on assuming his new duties. So far as the prison staffs are concerned, the most important event of the year has undoubtedly been the substantial increase of pay granted to all officers of the General Division in common with other employees of the State. The average increment per man averaged about £45 above the rates paid to the different ranks lor the year ended 31st March, 1911. This increase covered the war bonuses previously paid, and an additional sum to compensate officers for the much-enhanced cost, of living due, to war conditions. The pay of new entrants to the Prison service is now £180 per annum, with a house allowance of £30 added for married men, compared with CI3O per annum in the year 1909. After the retirement of Lieut.-Colonel Hume from the office of Inspector of Prisons in 1909 10 a table was published in the first report of his successor setting out the names of the different prisons and prison camps then in existence, together with the number and rank of the officers employed, and the number of prisoners in each institution as at 31st March, 1909. Ten years having elapsed since that date, it is an opportune time to publish a similar table for the year ended 31st March last. The figures and particulars art; interesting as showing the great change that has taken place in the decennial period in the distribution of the prisoners ol the State and in the nature of their employment, as exemplified by the increase in the number of country institutions and the decrease in tho number of men now confined in city prisons. For purposes of comparison the tables for 1909 and 1919 are published together. An analysis of the figures shows that while in 1909 only 72 male prisoners out of a total of 857 were employed in country work—tree-planting- there were 527 out of a total of 983 employed at farming, roadmaking, tree-planting, reclamation work, &c., in our various institutions and camps in the year 1919. The policy of transferring prisoners from the close, confinement and unsatisfactory conditions of the old city prisons to the healthier and more beneficial environment now being provided is still being vigorously carried on, and it is hoped that within a very few years our central prisons will be tenanted only by a small percentage of men who cannot be trusted outside the walls of a strong and self-contained institution.

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Prisons, Camps, Staffs, and Number of Prisoners on 31st March, 1909.

Prisons, Camps, Staffs, and Number of Prisoners on 31st March, 1919.

Health Statistics. The returns of sic 'kness given in Table A show that the daily average number on the sick-list in all the prisons and prison institutions of the Dominion in 1918 was 24-61, compared with 16-71 in 1917, a difference of 7-93 in favour of the earlier year. The large percentage increase thus shown is accounted for by the influenza epidemic, by which all the larger prisons were attacked with considerable virulence. From our records in November last I find that at Auckland and Invercargill nearly one hundred prisoners were sick at one time in each institution, while half the staff were also attacked. The position was not quite so acute in the other prisons, but all except those situated in, conntrv districts suffered to some extent. Those officers who remained unaffected by the disease had a very strenuous time while the epidemic was at its height, and many of them performed valuable work in caring for the sick and in organizing pla.ns of relief. In both directions they were ably assisted by some of the prisoners, who worked night and day as nurses and assistants, and did not spare themselves in succouring those who were attacked. Some of our best prisoner assistants were men serving long sentences for very serious offences, one having a life sentence Deaths : There were, nineteen deaths in the prisons during the year 1918. Of those, thirteen were due to influenza and one to suicide, while one died after his transfer to a mental hospital, and two prisoners were executed.

Prisons at Mi ion Camps at +3 j d « 1 i I | s 3 ~ 1 S «' s a 2 s -a $ v . % * 1 I | I I 7! ° i 1 -2 «* ■ i .2 3 ° s a v.. * £ i2 o H Prisoners - Male Female 268 57 i 14 37 II9 57 48 32 18 8 .. 2 11 5 2 6 268 57 i 14 18 S .. 286 65 j 14 :i7 j 119 57 2 11 5 48 2 32 6 153 16 17 .. 170 16 35 21 10 ! 857 69 Totals 286 65 14 39 130 | 62 50 38 39 130 62 _ so 38 _______ 35 21 10 j 926 9 .. .■...'• 4 1 1 ! .. ! 21 6 3 .. 103 9 9 4 .. .. 27 | 27 7 4 27 186 StaffGaoler Chief Warder Principal and acting principal warders .. Warders Surgeons Matrons Assistant Matrons Officers in charge of police-gaols - 1111 1111 1 1 .. .. 1 4 3 11 3 12 1 i 26 10 i 2 3 15 4 5 2 1111 11 1 1. 1111 1111 11.... I 1 1 1 1 1 .. 4 3 1 26 10 i 2 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 .. 35 18 6 1 I I 1 j .-. 1 3 I 3 15 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 I .. 1 Q 5 I 1 1 i 2 1 1 1 .. 1 .. 2 I 1 23 4 1 .. I 1 .. Totals 35 18 6 7 23 8 10 6 10 (i 30 5 7 23 8

Prisons am Insl rituttoni s at Prist in Camps at I . S £g rH bo!? a M 1 I I I d o I CU i .5 H a, 1 Eh oi 3 u ci ■ ft' Ph | i A a »■ S ffljptl 4. a 1.2 o d ft d o 4a O S -5 rt o . It fl a a" M | |ri a o d -<! il QJ +3 a M S u 8 ft ¥■ a hr ft o « s s a. «3 f ' ft' ft fa | - o Prisoners Male . . .. .. .... Female . . .. .. ..41 Totals .. .. .. 41 224 12 157 19 19 45 " 129 45" 129 134 132 (i 7 10 I 56 51 983 89 236 157 19 19 45 129 45 129 134 138 7 10 ! 56 51 1,042 Staff- - Superintendents Gaolers .. .. . . .... Officers in Charge .. .. .... Deputy Superintendents Chief Warders .. .. .... Principal and acting principal warders 1 Warders .. .. . . .... Temporary Warders Medical Officers . . . . .. 1 Matrons .. .. . . .. 1 Assistant Matrons . . .. .. 7 Officers in charge of police-gaols 1 i ;." i i 1 1 I 9 I I 3 24 105 36 II 3 II 80 i 5 1 1 5 29 4 1 1 1 .... I I 3 16 7 1 i 5 2 I I ! i 3 6 12 7 I 1 i 6 3 12 7 1 1 4 4 8 ! 16 5 ; 10 I I 1 •• i 1 i 1 .. | 4 .. I 1 1 1 6 1 1 ' i. 1 30 | . '. Totals . . .. .. 10 44 28 7 i 6 9 24 Ml 38 7 30 7 9 235

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Prisonebs Detention Act, 1915. One male and two female prisoners were dealt with under the provisions of the Prisoners Detention Act during the year 1918. The total number detained beyond the period of their sentences since the, Act was passed, in order that they might be treated for venereal disease, is now nineteen. The period of additional detention under the Act seldom exceeds a few months, but we have one case on our books where a, detainee remained in the prison-hospital section, under treatment, for twentysix months after his period of imprisonment had expired. Prevention op Crime and General Probation Work (First Offenders' Probation Act, 1908, and Probation Section op Crimes Amendment Act. 1910). Since my last report was written this section of the. Department's work has been carried on steadily by the various honorary officers employed. During the year death has claimed two of our oldest and most valued workers—viz., Mr. T. I. Smail, of Christchurch, and Mr. W. Brakenrig, of Auckland. Both these gentlemen had devoted their lives to the great, work of social reform, and their loss has been severely felt among those, for whom they laboured so long and so earnestly. The number of men and women who are prepared to make the; great sacrifices that are necessary to enable, this work to be carried on sympathetically and intelligently is indeed limited, and we can ill afford to lose the pioneers who have borne the heat and burden of the day, and who for so many years have been the rallying-points of the forces for good in the communities in which they laboured. The First Offenders' Probation work at Christchurch is now being carried on by the Rev. Frank Rule, while the Crimes Amendment probationers have been placed under the supervision of the Salvation Army officers, who in recent years have greatly assisted the Department in looking after the interests of those, who have been released on probation by the Prisons Board. Mr. Brakenrig's duties as Crimes Amendment Probation Officer have been taken over by the Rev. F. R. Jeffreys, who for some years past has occupied the position of honorary First Offenders Probation Officer at Auckland. In view of the fact that the probation work of both classes in tinnorthern city district is far heavier than in any other probation district in the Dominion, a departmental officer was assigned to Mr. Jeffreys to enable him to keep pace with the large amount of clerical and other work involved in carrying out the dual duties. Owing to the limited scope of the First Offenders' Probation Act it has become the practice, during the past two or three years, for Judges and Magistrates to deal with offenders who cannot be legally brought under the provision of that Act by suspending sentence and ordering them to come up for sentence, when called upon. Such offenders have been placed under the control and supervision of the Probation Officers with satisfactory results. A system of informal probation has thus grown up that, while serving a useful purpose in the absence of the necessary statutory provision, is uneven in its application, and is outside the general departmental organization. In previous reports I have urged the extension of the provisions of the First Offenders Act to cases where minor previous offences were recorded, and to other cases that might be considered by the Courts to be fully met by the granting of probation. In other words, my suggestion has been that Judges and Magistrates should be given the widest possible discretion to deal with offenders of all classes, as they think fit, either by sentencing them to a term of imprisonment or by granting them probation under strict conditions. In view of the number of persons of both sexes who have been given " informal probation " during the past two years, it is clear that an amendment of the First Offenders' Probation Act in the direction I have, recommended is urgently required, and I trust that time will be found during the current session of Parliament to introduce and pass the necessary amending Bill. Although the First Offenders' Probation Act was passed in 1886, and New Zealand was thus in the van of progress so far as the institution of a probation system was concerned, little or no advance has been made in the past thirty-three years, either in the method of administering the Act, in building up reformative agencies in connection therewith, or in extending the scope of the Act itself to cover a wider field. Now that the war is over and the work of reconstruction can be resumed, it behoves all those who are conscious of the necessity of social reform to press forward every agency that will assist in preventing the " scrapping " of lives that are yet young and vigorous, and that under a more enlightened system can be profitably used as part of the economic fabric. Under existing conditions there is a shameful wastage that must not be allowed to continue. New Zealand, unlike other countries, has no Department or central organization established for the purpose of attacking the root causes of crime, of checking anti-social tendencies in the'rising generation, or of dealing intelligently with the large and growing class of juvenile delinquents we have among our population. I refer advisedly to our "' growing class of juvenile delinquents " for the reason that our latest returns show that at the present time we have a larger number of young offenders under twenty-five years of age in our prisons and prison institutions than has been the case for many years past. What is wanted, in New Zealand in regard to crime-prevention and probation, as in other matters, is a concentration of effort. At the present time we have two or three Departments of State, and certain private organizations controlling, more or less ineffectively, different phases of probation work, social-reform work, prisons, reformatories, special institutions for juvenile delinquents, inebriates' institutions, &c, with inevitable overlapping and lack of efficiency. Much better results would be obtained if we were, to emulate the State of Illinois, U.S.A., where a Department known as " The Public Welfare Department " has been established to co-ordinate all the services in connection with what might be called the social-reform work of the State. All the various branches I have referred to have been placed under the contro of this Department, and it would appear from the reports on the subject that the system is working satisfactorily.

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As I have pointed out in previous reports, the State over a long period of years has only expended a few hundred pounds on definite preventive work, while the upkeep of the prisons, reformatories, institutions for juvenile delinquents, &c, costs many thousands per annum. From this it would appear that the State prefers to let the criminal increase and multiply, to incur all the expense of housing and feeding him, and of providing the required staffs to guard him, rather than to take the necessary steps to check the trouble at its source. All those who have studied the question will agree, with me in saying that a reasonable outlay on intelligent preventive work would soon be recouped by a reduction in the expenditure on the unprofitable task of housing and guarding the sentenced prisoner. With the means at hand we are carrying on the work of probation and prevention of crime as satisfactorily as is possible, but were it not for the self-sacrificing efforts of our honorary Probation Officers, of the private organization I have already referred to, and of the police Probation Officers, all of whom are working practically without fee or reward, I am afraid this class of social-reform work in New Zealand would be largely a dead-letter. First Offenders' Probation Act, 1908. In accordance with the practice followed in the past few years, the five honorary Probation Officers have forwarded reports on the working of the First Offenders' Probation Act in their respective districts for the year ended 31st March last. All the reports are interesting and informative, and illustrate clearly the beneficial effects of the Act when administered capably and sympathetically by men who understand the work. Reference is made by the Probation Officers to the number of cases of informal probation now placed under their charge. This constitutes a further argument for the widening of the scope of the existing Act to enable all cases deemed suitable for probation by the Courts to be dealt with under the statute. A compilation of the monthly reports received from First Offender Probation Officers throughout the Dominion, the detail of which is given in Table J, shows that 192 persons were placed on probation in 1918, compared with. 127 in 191.7. The increase of sixty-five in the number of probationers indicates that the Judges and Magistrates are taking fuller advantage of this method of dealing with offenders than has been the case heretofore. The total sum ordered by the Courts to be paid by probationers towards the cost of prosecution, and collected by the Probation Officers, amounted to £342 7s. 6d., compared with £323 18s. 6d. in 1917. If the probationers had been sentenced to imprisonment the amount thus recovered would have been lost to the State. fn addition to the costs of prosecution the Courts in some instances ordered offenders granted probation to restore to injured parties moneys, or the value of goods, of which they had been deprived. Payments under this head amounting to £198 6s. were collected by the different Probation Officers. This represents a further sum that would not have been made good if the provisions of the First Offenders' Probation Act had not enabled restitution to be, enforced. I am, &c, C. B. Matthews, Permanent Head of the Prisons Department.

The Actinc Inspector ok Prisons to the Permanent Head ok the Prisons Department. Sir, - Wellington, 31st July, 1919. 1 have the honour to submit my report for the year ended 31st December, 1918, dealing with the work of inspection of the prisons and institutions under the control of the Department,, and the supervision of the various works and industries carried on by prison labour. During the year the whole of the prisons have been frequently visited and carefully inspected. The result of such inspection, although on the whole fairly satisfactory, yet leaves something to be desired. In common with all large Government Departments, the Prisons Department has felt the effects of the recent war, more particularly in the matter id maintaining an efficient staff. As you are aware, during the earlier stages of the struggle many of our younger officers answered the call for volunteers, and with the consent of the Department offered their services and went to the front. Owing to the shortage of eligible applicants those officers could only be replaced by casuals who were unsuitable for prison work. This condition of affairs has naturally reacted on the discipline, and control of the majority of the prisons, and somewhat reduced our general efficiency. Latterly, however, owing to the return from overseas of quite a number of our permanent officers and their resumption of duty, matters have considerably improved. There is also the fact that from amongst the returned soldiers a few suitable men are applying for employment in the Prison service. Taken altogether I have every reason to hope that, our troubles in this respect are nearly at an end. and that (luring the coming year it will be possible to so improve matters as to permit of the establishing of a higher degree of discipline and efficiency amongst both officers and prisoners alike. The cleanliness of all the buildings has been well maintained, and in this respect I found no ground for complaint.

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Progress during the Year. Buildings, Jtc, In ni\ capacity as Supervisor of Prison Works I have frequently visited the various places at which works of every description are being carried out, and although the staffing difficulty has here again interfered with efficiency, yet generally speaking fair progress has been made, in connection with the various works in hand. The following is a brief summary of such works and the progress made since last year's report was written :-•- Auckland. —Owing to the difficulty of obtaining the necessary materials, and the increased cost thereof, the work of lifting the concrete covering the cell-floors and the relaying of the, same in wood has been discontinued for the present. The same remark applies to the proposed extension of the electric-wiring system for cell-lighting purposes. It is hoped, however, that it will now become possible to proceed with both of those necessary works. The new workshops mentioned in last year's report as being under construction have been completed, and the necessary bootmaking machinery installed. An electric motor for driving the, machinery, together with the, necessary shafting, belting, &c, has also been placed in position. The, whole of the bootmaking and clothing-repair staffs have been moved into this building, and owing to the added facilities and increased accommodation provided it will now be, possible to employ an increased number of prisoners in both directions. On the first floor of this building an area of 2,000 square feet of floor-space is still available, and this area can be used for the purpose of establishing additional industries now in contemplation. Four additional yards, each furnished with up-to-date sanitary appliances and conveniences, have been provided, thus enabling a proper system of classification for the workshop employees to be brought into operation. As further residences for Prison officers have become an urgent necessity a start has been made in the direction of clearing a space, at the back of the Mount Eden Prison Reserve for the locating of three additional residences. The houses to be erected are intended for the Chief and Principal Warders, and will therefore be above the standard usually provided. Waikeria. —The administrative wing at Waikeria has now been completed and the, premises occupied. An additional officer's residence, has also been built and occupied. A. concrete reservoir holding 29,000 gallons of water has been constructed, and an up-to-date septic tank is now well under way. A temporary camp has been established in the vicinity of the, dairy buildings, with kitchen, bathrooms, &0., complete. Arrangements are also being made in the direction of providing quarters for the single officers, and it is hoped to make a start with the putting-in of the foundations within, the next week or two. Wellington. —Necessary alterations at Point Halswell are being put in hand to enable the buildings there to be utilized for the accommodation of the female prisoners now housed in the old Terrace Prison, which is rapidly becoming unfit for human habitation. The Point Halswell site lias proved itself to be one of the most healthy in the Dominion; and the transfer of the women prisoners to their new location will undoubtedly improve existing conditions, and enable the Department, to carry out a much-needed scheme, of classification that will be beneficial alike to the prisoners and the State. Wi Taho. —Work is being rapidly pushed on in connection with the erection of the necessary buildings at Trentham to enable a class of short-sentenced and well-conducted prisoners to be employed on the drainage and other improvements that are in contemplation. Paparua Prison.- The building of No. 1 cell range of the permanent concrete structure has been practically completed and the cells on the ground floor occupied. The erection of the kitchen blockis also well in hand. This building has been roofed in, and the finishing of the interior is at present being pushed on. Two additional cell houses, each capable of providing accommodation for thirty prisoners, referred to in last year's report, have also been finished, and are now fully occupied. Two officers' cottages have been completed and occupied, while a Gaoler's residence and another officer's cottage are well under way. Invercargill Borstal Institution. The building of the necessary enclosing-walls has been completed, and the work of subdividing the area so enclosed is being proceeded with. The provision of a range of buildings comprising an up-to-date kitchen, workshops, baths, &c, has been commenced. A special division capable of accommodating the inmates, also a modern dairy and buildings, have been erected on the institution farm area, while a cottage, for the use of the farm-manager is now being erected. Other necessary buildings are in contemplation, and now that the main building is completed it should be possible to make, more rapid progress with, the interclassification that was initiated, last year. The whole of the works referred to are being carried out by institutional labour under the direction, of oui officers. When this fact is taken into consideration it should tend to dispel the somewhat prevalent opinion that the labour of prisoners is of very little value and not worth taking into account. The fact that the Prisons Department at the present time is able to undertake and successfully carry out the work- of erecting buildings, both large, and small, to the entire satisfaction of the Public Works Engineers, who periodically make an inspection of all works so carried out, is, 1 submit, a matter upon which the Department has a right to congratulate itself. The, consequent saving to the publio exchequer should not be lost sight of, while the effect upon the inmates themselves, taking into consideration the experience which they are enabled to obtain, has been found to be of great benefit in enabling many of them to rehabilitate themselves on their release.

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Other Works. At Auckland the building of a stone wall along the Grammar School boundary facing the Prison has 1 n completed. The making and repairing of boots for officers and prisoners and lor the Mental Hospitals Department litis been proceeded with during the year. Tin- making of concrete blocks, dressing of building-stone, quarrying and crushing metal for roadmaking purposes, is the principal industry. In view of the fact that there is a practically unlimited demand for road-metal, it has been decided to go into the question of a thorough reorganization of the quarrying and crushing methods at present in use. With this object in view the Public Works Department has been approached, and the Engineers are now preparing a thoroughly up-to-date scheme that should enable the Department to increase its output very considerably when it is brought into operation. The cash received, chiefly from local bodies, for the metal-output for the year amounted to £1,697. At New Plymouth the prisoners were employed in the Prison quarry, the product of which is sold to the Borough Council. The revenue derived from this source, amounted to £7.17. At Kaingaroa the prisoners were employed by the Forestry Department tree-planting, &c. The revenue from this source, amounted to £2,914. The work of constructing a road from Waimarino to Tokaanu has been continued during the year. Owing to the abnormal rainfall obtaining in this district work on this road has to be carried out under great difficulties. Nevertheless fair progress, taking the prevailing conditions into consideration, has been made. For several, months of the year the Postal Department's mail-service contractor has been carrying mails and passengers over the whole length of the road front Waimarino to Tokaanu by motor-car thrice, weekly. Three private firms are, also running cars between the points referred to, and the Internal Affairs Department's motor-lorries make daily trips during the, fishing season, carrying the proceeds of the Lake Taupo fisheries. The traffic on the road is rapidly increasing. Not only has it partly supplanted the, old Waiouru Road as a tourist route, but it is being largely used by settlers in the Rotorua-Taupo districts, who are able to obtain more convenient access to their holdings from the Waimarino Railway-station than from Rotorua and Auckland. In view of the shortage of coal in Wellington, use has been made of the cam [is at Waimarino, where there are ample supplies of felled timber, to augment the firewood-supply in the capital city. A number of truck-loads have been railed to Wellington and distributed to consumers through the agencies of the State Coal and State Firewood Department. Apart from the returns received from the sale of the large quantity of firewood and kindling-wood supplied from Waimarino during the past three or four months, the total amount received from the Public Works Department for road-construction work for the financial, year ended 31st March last was £1,609. At Waikeria considerable progress has been made, during the year. The work of forming and metalling the road connecting the Reformatory with the main road leading to Te, Awamutu has been completed. This road, which is about five miles in length, passes right through the centre of the Reformatory and Mental Hospital farms, providing ready means of access to both properties. Farming in all its branches is the staple industry at this institution. The illustrations appearing in this year's report give a general indication of the variety of the work that is being carried on. At Waikeria, as at Invercargill, the policy of the Department is to employ the inmates at a class of work that is not only reproductive so far as the State is concerned, but will enable those employed to fight the battle of life successfully on their release. The, experimental stage hits long been passed, and the Department's efforts in this direction have borne good fruit. During the past season the officer in charge at Waikeria has undertaken by departmental instruction the growing and curing of tobacco, and has met with some success in his initial efforts. It is too soon yet to offer any opinion as to whether the Waikeria soil is suitable for tobacco-culture, but a further trial will be made during the coming season. During the past year the number of prisoners at Point Halswell Prison was considerably reduced, and with the exception of looking after the trees planted a few years ago, and carrying out several small works at Shelly Bay for the; Public Works Department, very little has been done. The raising of pigs and growing feed for them has been started on a small scale, with gratifying financial results. The milk-supply for the Wellington prisons has also been obtained front the Point Halswell Prison. Brickmaking at Mount Cook Prison has now ceased, the stocks on hand being sufficient for the purpose of completing all existing contracts. The work of levelling and otherwise preparing the Mount Cook site for other purposes is now being proceeded with. The cutting into suitable lengths of firewood received from Waimarino, and the preparation of kindling-wood for the various Government buildings, is also being carried out here. The revenue derived front the sale of bricks for the year amounted to £1,410. Work at the Terrace Prison consisted of gardening, boot-repairing, and the manufacturing in the Prison workshop of all officers' uniforms anil prisoners' clothing. Much valuable and useful work is being successfully carried out at Paparua Prison, near Christchurch. The manufacture of building-blocks and concrete roofing-tiles for use in the erection of prison buildings, as well as the making of concrete fencing-posts for the farm, is, apart from farming operations, flu- principal industry carried on. Tin- manufacture of concrete flags has also been recently started, and a considerable revenue from the sale of concrete products is now being obtained. The work of reading and fencing the Prison property, and the gradual improvement of the whole area, is being proceeded with as rapidly as circumstances permit. Pig-raising is receiving a permanent place here, and the establishing of an up-to-date poultry-farm is being undertaken. A small area is also being planted with fruit-trees. The whole of the boots required for the use of both officers and

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prisoners in the South Island prisons, besides a considerable number of boots and shoes for use in mental hospitals, are being manufactured in the boot and shoe factory attached to this Prison. The growing of lucerne for feeding the stock kept on the property, as well as the raising of potatoes, horsefeed, &c, all provide useful and profitable work for the inmates of this institution, and at the same time lessens the cost of maintenance to the general taxpayer. Now that the main buildings connected with the Invercargill Borstal Institution have been completed, also the building of the necessary embankments required under the agreement with the Invercargill Borough Council in connection with the reclamation scheme, it has been found possible to devote more time, to the prison farm. During the year much valuable work has been done in the way of improving this property, and the results up to the present have been such as to fully justify the large expenditure of labour involved. Much yet.remains to be done before this valuable property becomes fully developed, but the results so far obtained are distinctly encouraging. During the year work has consisted chiefly of grassing, draining, fencing, and reading operations, and the erection of necessary buildings. Up till the end of last season an area of no less than 900 acres had been burnt off and iaid down injgrass, and|many miles of fencing erected. During the coming season it is expected that the dairy herd will be increased to fully a hundred cows, while a considerable, number of store cattle have been purchased for fattening and ultimate sale. This property is of great potential value, and, providing it is properly managed, should ultimately return a substantial revenue to the State. No doubt the work connected with the bringing into profitable, use of this property has been, and still is, of a somewhat unpleasant and arduous character, yet as time goes on these unfavourable conditions will disappear, and the whole of the inmates of the institution will be employed at general farming and agriculture. Apart from the farming operations and the developmental work in connection therewith, the inmates have been employed during the year in the construction of an extensive embankment to provide a new riiie range, for the Defence Department. Very good progress has been made with this work, the main embankment having been completed for half the, required length. The Department is carrying out this undertaking on a daily-wage basis, and the value of the work performed as per Public Works Engineer's certificate amounted to £3,670 for the financial year. From the foregoing it will be seen that much valuable and useful work is being carried on by the inmates of our prisons, and that the old system of employing prisoners in many instances on useless and unreproductive work has entirely disappeared. To even the most casual observer it must become apparent that this must have an uplifting effect upon the prisoner, as it enables him to feel that although in prison he is yet of some use, to the world at large, and that the experience he is gaining will be- of some value to him when the day for his release arrives. I have, &c, M. Hawkins, Acting Inspector of Prisons.

EXTRACTS FROM REPORTS OF SUPERINTENDENTS, GAOLERS, AND OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF INSTITUTIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st DECEMBER, 1918. ADDINGTON REFORMATORY FOR WOMEN. The conduct of inmates has been good with few exceptions ; their health also has been satisfactory. The work consists of vegetable and flower gardening, sewing, knitting, darning, laundry, cleaning, and cooking. The Red Cross work carried on in previous war years was continued, the list of articles made by the inmates during the year being as follows : 462 pairs socks, 432 pairs pyjamas, 435 flannels, 360 pillow-slips, 360 slings, 5,784 handkerchiefs, 136 face-cloths, 54 dressinggowns, 11 pairs knee-caps, 12 towels, 48 treasure-bags. Supplies of rations —meat, bread, milk, fish, &c. —have all been of excellent quality. The usual concerts and lectures have been held at intervals throughout the year. Official Visitors have visited the inmates and advised them respecting future work and effort to live good and useful lives. In the regrettable death of Mr. T. I. Smail, who represented the Prison Gate Mission, and for many years had been associated with important humanitarian work, a loss is experienced that we can scarcely hope to quite, replace. Divine service has been held by Canon Bean, Father Long, Mr. Smail, and the Salvation Army, to whom our sincere gratitude is due. The usual extras in the form of sweets, cakes, &c, were amply supplied for Christmas, and much appreciated by the inmates. The staff gave, every help in work and time, decorating and making the necessary arrangements to brighten Christmas for them. Mr. Scanlon, Gaoler, H.M. Prison, Lyttelton, has visited weekly in his usual capacity.

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Material for building a drying-room and the erection of a glasshouse for flowers and seedlings has been obtained, but the demands on the working staff engaged at present on extensive work at Templeton and elsewhere have so far necessitated our local requirements being held in abeyance. PI ns for conserving storm and waste water are also under consideration, which if carried out will materially reduce, the expenditure per annum. It is pleasing to be able to report the genuine efforts made by the public towards employment and rehabilitation for inmates discharged on probation, and the helping hand extended in the direction of reformation. This cannot but have the desired effect in some instances, although it is regrettable to realize that so many roturn to us after short periods of liberty. Our total includes a number of very young offenders—-their crime, theft. They are absolutely untaught in domestic work, with meagre education and an inordinate craving for fine clothes and jewellery. This condition points directly to the lack of proper home training and influence. To meet and improve the conditions, arrangement is being made to employ a portion of each week in primary-school training domestic duties, cooking, &c. Also, it hoped in the near future to extend the educational side and introduce healthful recreation and exercises for the young inmates sentenced to reformative detention in the institution. AUCKLAND PRISONS. There were five deaths during the year, all males. Two were on remand for alcoholism ; the other three died of influenza, during the epidemic- one was awaiting trial, the other two were serving long sentences. The two received on remand for alcoholism, on different dates, were so ill on admission that they only lived twenty-four hours. Another prisoner serving a long sentence committed suicide in his cell by hanging. An inquest was held in each case. Owing to the influenza epidemic the, daily average number on the sick-list (seven) was higher than in former years, there being as many as ninety laid up at one time when the epidemic was on. Apart from this the health of the jjrisoners generally was good, and there were only three admissions to the District Hospital, as compared with eight the previous year. There were two escapes, one from the District Hospital and one from the Prison quarry. The escapee, from the Hospital gave himself up at the Prison two days later. The other was caught almost immediately by the Prison officials before he got clear of the. Prison Reserve. The conduct of the prisoners on the whole has been good ; there were only forty-five punishments by the Visiting Justices against thirty-four individuals. Those few out of a daily average of 230 is, 1 consider, very satisfactory. Prisoners can invariably see that good conduct carries certain privileges, and only a few " kick over the traces " occasionally ; most of them recognize, that strict discipline is necessary, and nearly all cheerfully conform to it. Physical drill is daily being carried on for prisoners under a competent instructor, and a marked improvement in those who attend is shown in their general bearing. School is held on three evenings a week for those who have little or no education, and good progress is made. The teacher takes a keen interest in his pupils, and they show an equal desire to learn. Some, especially Maoris, do not know the alphabet when they come into prison, and it is surprising how quickly they learn. They vie with each other in their efforts for advancement, and this spirit of rivalry spreads among the, pupils generally, each endeavouring to do his best. The conduct and efficiency of the staff has been quite satisfactory with one exception— viz., a probationary warder who was fined by the, Magistrate for trafficking, and summarily dismissed. The new workshops, the erection of which was commenced at the end of last year, are practically completed. Delay was caused by various alterations being made while the work was in progress and the difficulty in obtaining certain materials. The shops are on a fairly large scale, and can be utilized for various industries if required. Exercise-yards attached to the shops have been walled in, and the sanitary arrangements in connection therewith are well in hand. In the other classification yards, six in number, the sanitary arrangements have been completed, including the fixing of wash-hand basins. A sentry's platform, in reinforced concrete, which forms shelter underneath for the, prisoners, is also completed, yards properly filled and centre-plots laid out ; the only thing remaining to be done being the asphalting and sowing of grass-seed, which will have to be left till the fall of the year, as the ground has still a tendency to settle. Stone steps leading from the East Wing of the Prison to the yards have been erected, and an area-wall built the full length of the building, with a 4 ft. width of passage, which gives a finish to the grounds. A photographic studio has also been built, and improvements made to the Prison grounds in the vicinity of the quarry by levelling, wall-building, &c. Although the. Prison buildings are, now completed, stone-cutting is still being carried on, there being various improvements yet to be made, including the heightening of the outer wall facing the railway, as from certain points prisoners while at exercise can be seen by the public. It is also proposed to make additions at the main entrance, for which dressed stone will be required. This provides work for the longer-sentence and dangerous class of prisoners whom it would be unsafe to employ outside the walls. ■ Quarry-work has again utilized the largest working-party, who get out stone for building purposes and for crushing into road-metal. Improved methods have been adopted for getting stone to the crusher : railway-lines have, been laid, an oil-engine and hauling-winch installed, and the stone is being drawn to the crusher in trucks. By this means an increased supply of road-metal is obtained, but much requires yet to be done before the quarry can be made a payable industry.

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Report of the Schoolmaster at Auckland. The- roll number is twenty-seven. Two pupils are in Standard VI, five in Standard V, two in Standard IV, six in Standard ill, five in Standard U, and seven in the primers. The men in Standards V and VI can read with fluency and intelligence. Most of them are backward in English and composition, but show great eagerness to learn, and study these subjects in the evenings when no school is held. One, who could easily pass a Sixth Standard Proficiency Examination in arithmetic is taking algebra and shorthand. I can afford only one lesson per week in English to Standards 111 and IV, so that their progress in these subjects is necessarily slow, but the majority can read their particular class-book with ease, and their spelling and arithmetic, are fairly good. In Standards V and VI the spelling and arithmetic are quite satisfactory. Standard II is, generally speaking, somewhat disappointing, especially in reading, but as the class is entirely composed of Maoris this is perhaps only to be expected. The primers, for the most part, are men who have had no previous schooling, and they are greatly handicapped by the limited amount of time that 1 can give, to them ; but they show a, surprising amount of patience, and do a good deal of work on " off nights," which 1 think indicates more clearly than anything else a praiseworthy desire for self-improvement. The most difficult men to deal with are, those who have had a little schooling. They are easily discouraged, and find such drudgery as learning tables, &c, particularly irksome. I am ably assisted by the Prison staff, and the discipline of the class is good. Despite the fact that the work of the year was considerably interrupted by the closing of the school during the influenza epidemic, satisfactory progress has been made, and most of the, men in tho standard classes will be ready for promotion within a month or so. GISBORNE GAOL. Tin! health and conduct of the- prisoners have been good. One prisoner was laid up for a few days with a septic arm. There were a few minor cases of sickness, of those, suffering from the effects of alcoholism after being received. This district has just come through a severe epidemic of influenza. Fortunately none of the prisoners were affected with the disease. The prisoners were employed during the year at keeping the pjrison clean, attending to the grounds, and building a concrete wall around the prison property, which is now complete except for the coping. The grounds at the back of the, prison are now being ievelled. The female, prisoners were constantly employed at keeping their quarters clean and washing and repairing prisoners' clothes and blankets. GREYMOUTH GAOL. The general health of the prisoners litis been very good, excepting one prisoner who had a mild form of influenza, and eight male prisoners received for medical treatment and suffering from the effects of drink. The prisoners were employed during the year keeping the Prison clean, digging and cropping Prison garden, and washing and repairing clothing. The sum of £7 17s. 2d. was received for the sale of vegetables grown in the Prison garden. The garden is again planted with vegetables, and the prospects of a good crop) are favourable. INVERCARGILL BORSTAL INSTITUTION. The health of the prisoners, other than the epidemic influenza sickness, has been good. Although there were twenty-one admissions to the District Hospital during the year, eleven of these were influenza cases with complications, two of whom died at that institution. The conduct of the prisoners as it, body has been satisfactory, there being fifty-four prisoners punished by the Visiting Magistrates, most of the offences being of a minor nature. There were no escapes or attempted escapes during the year. An initial classification of the inmates of the institution into seven classes was brought into operation early in the year, with tin immediate beneficial effect. Physical drill has been carried out in the gymnasium under the direction of a qualified instructor, with the result that there is a marked improvement in the physique and carriage of every youth within a few weeks after reception. The schoolmaster has conducted the educational classes most satisfactorily, but further educational facilities are required to obtain the best results. Quite a number of the brighter youths could, with opportunity given them, successfully go through the full primary-school course. An entertainment committee comprising seven local gentlemen has been formed, and fortnightly concerts and lectures of an interesting and instructive nature, are held. These are indeed appreciated, and will assist towards mental improvement. Considerable progress has been made in respect to reclaiming an area to the south of the Otatara Embankment, to be used by the Defence Department as a, rifle range. The embankment under construction has been carried out 33 chains.

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The development of the Borstal Farm has made good progress ; an up-to-date dairy building lias been erected in reinforced concrete, and equipped with a six-cow milking plant and separator, electrically driven ; also a 4 horse-power boiler has been erected to furnish a hot-water supply, and with an automatic jet to steam milk-cans and utensil:. A water bore has been sunk with 3 in. casing to a depth of .124 ft. As a result an artesian supply was obtained which overflows into an underground concrete tank ; from there he water is lifted by a centrifugal pump, electrically driven, to an overhead supply tank which circulates water to tho various farm buildings. A. building has been erected for use as a calf-feeding house and storeroom for fodder. The bath buildings purchased from the Town Council have been conveyed in sections to the farm area, the foundation now being ready for the re-e ection of the building as a cell-house Io accommodate nineteen prisoners. Temporary piggeries have also been c ected, and a, number of pigs are being fed and fattened for market. An area of waewae ground, over 100 acres, was burnt off and sown in grass during last autumn, and should on appearance, produce a large quantity of hay very shortly. Several miles of fencing have been erected. All the posts required were got from the old tramway and old jetty timbers. Numerous temporary ditches have been dug for surface drainage of the, grass areas, and now the excavating of the permanent farm drains and formation of farm roads lias been taken in hand. Shelter-belts have been planted along the southern, western, and part of northern boundaries, but the trees have, grown only on the, higher ground. The work carried out at the institution has been—Completion of the western boundary-wall, with large double-gateway entrance giving access to the proposed kitchen and store buildings ; completion of northern boundary-wall; lowering and otherwise completing eastern boundary-wall, with a new front entrance built in ;tw of the, new exercise-yards have had walls and shelters constructed ; a new storm-water drain system has been laid along the, area between the boundary and inner-yard walls. Concrete-block making and gardening have been carried on as usual. The Prison lighter has been fully employed conveying grit and gravel for building purposes and farm reading. In conclusion I desire to state that the conduct of the staff on the whole has been satisfactory, and in most instances keen interest has been shown in carrying out the various works and the development of the farm area. Report of the Schoolmaster at Invercargill. On resuming my duties at the Institute after spending two years with the Expeditionary Forces 1 found the following conditions existent: —■ The. roll number was fifty-three, and this number has been maintained throughout the term. Mr. Menzies, who relieved me during my absence, found the same difficulties as I experienced— viz., the absence of a thorough grounding in any subject, even among the .better-educated men who attend the, school. A great many of these profess to have passed Standard VI, but a Fourth Standard test is usually too difficult for them. There are exceptions, of course, and on satisfactorily passing such a test they are, exempt from attendance at school. Of the fifty-three men attending, over thirty are in Standard IV. Shortly after my return, by successive tests in English and arithmetic I divided this class into senior and junior sections in arithmetic. Reading, English, dictation, and spelling are taken collectively by the, class, but better results in arithmetic have been obtained by the aforesaid subdivision. As soon as men of the junior section justify promotion they are placed in the, senior division. Standard 111 is a small class, and the members of it, without exception, are good workers, anxious, at least, to improve their knowledge of the more elementary subjects. The work presented by this class is fairly uniform in quality. Standard II consists of twelve men of very unequal attainments, with the consequent result that the work presented by them is very uneven in quality. However, on the whole good progress has been made. In Standard I there are two men only, and progress on their part is painfully tedious. They both try honestly, so I look forward to being able to report more favourably anon. Speaking of the work generally, I find that arithmetic is fairly well done after a short period in the school. English is weak--that is, the formal parts of it but the matter contained in essays is much above the requirements of the standards in which the men are placed. This is, of course, easy of solution when we consider that these are young men who have had a fair amount of intercourse with the world at any rate, much more than the average public-school pupil. There is one persistent enemy to good written English, however, and that is the very frequent use of slang terms and phrases. This is, no doubt, due to the previous social environment of the men, but it is ever manifesting itself. I have begun a crusade against it, and hope in some measure to reduce its use. In reading the same might be said that is, it is rather above, the standard requirements so far as the actual recognition of words is concerned, but pronunciation, enunciation, and comprehension are seriously at fault. The, men also read much too quickly, and this, coupled with the faults already named, render the reading at times unintelligible. I have done a good deal in minimizing these faults, especially in the matter of speed, and the result has been rather gratifying. Spelling is, beyond doubt, the most distressing problem to be, encountered, as of the fifty-odd men not more than three would be able to satisfy Fourth Standard requirements in the subject. In some cases it is simply vile. However, as spelling is a, matter for the eye alone, lam doing my best to encourage the men in the, reading of books, thus hoping that frequent acquaintance with words may lead to the assimilation and retention of the spelling of them. Writing is generally good, in some cases very good. Maoris seem to excel in this direction. Geography, history, and civics have been the subjects of various lessons delivered collectively to the whole school. The, men pay marked attention to these lessons, and have no doubt improved their mental store in some small degree.

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There is one serious handicap to rapid progress —or perhaps I should say, reasonably rapid progress—and that is the limited time at a teacher's disposal. This, coupled with the number of men, their very varied educational qualifications, and the number of subjects actually requiring to be taught, tends greatly to nullify the effectiveness of my work. The Principal Warder, who assists me, however, renders valuable assistance in supervising classes doing written work, thus freeing me to engage in the actual teaching of other classes. The time-table is so arranged that each class receives instruction in all the subjects at least once a week. On the whole the men evidence a distinct desire to improve, and although a new-comer sometimes resents attendance at school, he soon settles down to good solid work. Although 1 am of opinion that if the men might be carried through to Standard VI requirements far-reaching results would ensue, still I am sure that habits of study have been implanted in the minds of many who have gained Standard IV, and in this the work of the school has been more than justified. I have, ample corroboration of this, as during my service with the New Zealand Expeditionary Forces I had ample opportunity of observing the work of many men whom 1 had previously taught in the Institute. To conclude, I would like to take this opportunity to thank all the members of the staff of the Institute for their ready assistance and the courtesy extended to me at all times ; to the. Officer in Charge for untiring efforts to further education within the Institute and plans to improve the physical conditions under which the school labours. KAINGAROA AFFORESTATION CAMP. The general conduct of the prisoners has been exemplary. The industry of the prisoners employed on the, plantation has been entirely satisfactory, the following being a summary of tho work done by prisoners for the Forestry Department during tinyear : Pits dug, 1,264,400 ; trees planted, 1,418,975 ; lining-out, weeding, ploughing, fire-breaks, roadmaking, fencing, clearing for tree-planting, stable work, and general upkeep. The amount earned by the prisoners employed by the Forestry Department represents the sum of £2,872 3s. 7d. The general health of the prisoners has been excellent; there were, no cases of sickness in the Prison during the year. Special precautions were taken during the influenza epidemic, and I am pleased to say no cases occurred within the Prison. The officers carried out their duties in a most efficient manner. More, than sufficient vegetables for the. use of the Prison were grown in the Prison garden. The, oat crop was harvested in February, and provided sufficient chaff for the Prison horses. Surplus chaff to the value of £25 12s. was exchanged for grass-seed and seed-oats, wfiich were sown on the Prison farm. An excellent stack of hay was taken off a 12-acre paddock, and provided winter feed for the Prison horses, cattle, and sheep. The area of the Prison farm has been increased from. 50 to KM) acres. An area of 30 acres has been laid down in oats and grass for the coming year and gives promise of a good crop. An area of 2 acres was planted with potatoes and yielded 110 sacks of excellent potatoes, which is a record for this Prison. About fifty pigs were bred during the, year ; eleven were slaughtered for the use of the Prison, the market value at 6d. per pound being £32 10s. Pigs to the value of £16 17s: were sold and the proceeds paid into the Public Account. Divine service, was conducted periodically throughout the year. The Medical Officer paid regular visits, saw all prisoners, and made a general inspection of the Prison. The, Prisons Board held a meeting on one occasion here (luring the year, examined and interviewed all prisoners sentenced to reformative detention, and till hard-labour prisoners who had completed half their maximum sentence in terms of section 14 of the Statute Law Amendment Act, 191.7, and subsequently recommended the release on probationary license of four prisoners, two under the Statutes Law Amendment Act, 1917, and two under the Reformative Detention Act, 1910. Three prisoners were brought before the Visiting Justice and dealt with for minor prison offences, one being transferred to the Prison at Auckland. LYTTELTON PRISON. The health of the prisoners has been good, and with the exception of the cases arising from the influenza epidemic in November last no sickness of a serious nature, occurred. Two cases requiring surgical treatment were sent to the Christchurch Hospital, where they were successfully dealt with. One- case, a man on remand from Police Court for drunkenness, had to be sent to the Hospital, as he was suffering from the effects of alcoholic poisoning when brought to the Prison. One prisoner died of pneumonia following an attack of influenza ; that was the only casualty due to the epidemic, and, as stated at the time in my report, I consider the favourable results as being due, to the careful nursing of the, patients by the, prisoner who volunteered his services for the hospital work. On the- sth March the death penalty pa,ssed on Frederick W. Eggers for the murder of John Coulthard was carried out in the presence of the Sheriff', the Deputy Inspector of Prisons, the Prison Chaplain, the Prison Medical Officer, representatives of the Press, and Prison staff. The conduct and industry of the prisoners has been good ; there were no charges of a serious nature, and the few minor cases were dealt with by the local Visiting Justices.

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WAIKERIA REFORMATORY

Original Temporary Cell Buildings, 1913-14.

Permanent Reformatory Building. Built by prison labour. Material used, concrete, blocks manufactured on the site. Old tree-planting-camp huts on right.

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WAIKERIA.

Reformatory—Interior View.

Reformatory Buildings—Administration Block. Built throughout by prison labour.

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WAIKERIA.

Waikeria Property in its Original State, 1912.

Property after Development.

Dairy, Milking-shed, and Dairy Herd.

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WAIKERIA.

Residence of Officer in Charge, with Apiary in Foreground, Avenue of Trees, and Grounds.

Poultry-yards.

Poultry.

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WAIKERIA.

Oat-stacks

Some of the Teams.

A Part of the First Orchard.

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WAIKERIA.

Some of the Cows.

Prizewinners at a Recent Show.

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Area previously covered by Water as it appears after Completion of Banks and Shutting-off of River and Tidal Waters.

Main Otatara Embankment. Constructed by prison labour. Waihopai Estuary (area covered by water on left) is the area the banks were designed to reclaim.

INVERCARGILL BORSTAL INSTITUTION

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INVERCARGILL BORSTAL INSTITUTION.

Another Section of the Waihopai Estuary. Brought into cultivation since the embankments have been completed and the water shut off.

Concrete Milking Dairy Buildings, and Yards.

Part of the Dairy Herd.

First Hay Crop on First Section, unwatered. (Ten months after surface-sowing on burnt waewae banks.)

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The rations supplied were of good quality, and no complaint was made as to the quantity or quality of the food issued according to the amended ration scale. On the I.Bth August last the bootmakers' shop at this Prison was closed down, and the tradesmen and plant transferred to Paparua Prison. The dismantling of the unoccupied parts of the Prison has been proceeded with, and the material secured sent to Paparua and other prisons in the Dominion. A party is still being provided for work at the Borough Council's quarry, and the balance of the prisoners are employed on work inside the, Prison, chiefly cleaning and domestic. As usual, Divine service has been conducted on Sundays in the Prison during the year. NAPIER PRISON. On the Ist January, 1918, there were in custody eleven males and two females, while (luring the year 134 males and seven females were received. The greatest number of cases of sickness at any one time during the year was ten males : eight, cases were, sent to District Hospital. The majority of the cases of sickness occurred (luring the time of the influenza, epidemic, iivt'. of the hospital Cases were from this cause and two of the deaths. Rather a strenuous time was experienced during above period by both officers and prisoners. There have been thirteen minor prison offences against eight prisoners. The prisoners have been employed in the Borough Council's quarry, Ooote Road, and in gardening, &c. The sum of £158 19s. 4d. litis been placed to the credit of the Public Account for mortar, sand, stone, and other material from the quarry, maintenance for prisoners while under medical treatment, and other items. The conduct of the officers, both permanent and temporary, 1 am pleased to state has been very satisfactory. Mr. Iloldsworth, Official Visitor, has visited the Prison once, and expressed himself as generally satisfied with the appearance of the Prison and. the manner in which it was conducted, Mrs. Richmond, Official Visitor, has paid a number of visits to the Female Prison. 1 have to thank the Prison Surgeon for his attention to prisoners during the trying time experienced when so many were sick with the epidemic of influenza. Religious services have been held on every Sunday throughout the year, NEW PLYMOUTH PRISON. The prisoners have, been employed mostly at quarry and gardening work, but with the class of prisoners we, have, it is difficult to carry on the work to advantage, as direct supervision is absolutely necessary. Considering, however, the obstacles we have to contend with 1 may state on the whole the prisoners employed in the quarry have worked satisfactorily. The prisoners employed in the garden are, more trustworthy as far as safe custody is concerned. Better results would be obtained if we had more ground to cultivate, so as to relieve the quarry of some who are not altogether suitable for quarry-work. The men who are employed in the, garden appear to take some interest in their work and give very little trouble. We have commenced excavating a site for a piggery in a, suitable position about 5 chains front any road or dwelling. The cash received for metal and gravel amounts to £683 145., and for the sale of vegetables £4-4 3s. The conduct of the prisoners on the whole has been good, although we, had twenty-four offences dealt with by the Visiting Justices against seven prisoners. By punishing these prisoners as they have been punished for their gaol " heroism " we have saved a.number of good men from punishment who are desirous of doing their best for the Department and for themselves if protected by the officers against tho agitators and would-be gaol " heroes," who are up against authority in their endeavours to get other prisoners to commit themselves against the regulations. My experience is that the majority of prisoners prefer discipline, to slackness, as it gives them a chance to make good under the, protection of the officers instead of being dominated by the gaol bully. There was only one attempt to escape during the year, by a prisoner who made a bold dash for liberty. He was recaptured almost immediately. I feel well pleased with the combination of the officers on this occasion, as every one must have, been at his post and acted promptly ; also, one officer must have displayed great activity in outflanking or cutting the prisoner off so readily. The health of the prisoners on the whole has been very good with the exception of the epidemic of influenza, which struck us very suddenly, but not severely. lam pleased to report that under the medical officer's direction the staff did all that was possible for the care of the prisoners, and the manner the prisoners accepted the discomfort of fumigations and other exacting precautionary measures was very gratifying to the staff. Ministers of the, various religious denominations under a set plan conducted services every Sunday, and I can safely say that all the ministers expressed themselves as well pleased with the respect and attention they have received from the prisoners. 1 have not received a report against any prisoner for misconduct at any of the services. Mr. Bligh, of the White Cross League, of Sydney, lectured to the prisoners, also had a quiet talk to several of the prisoners separately.

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PAPARUA PRISON. With the exception of the sickness caused by the prevailing influenza epidemic the health of the prisoners has been good. One prisoner died during the year of bronchial pneumonia, lie was removed to the Christchurch Hospital for treatment, and died three days later. There, was one escape in the year, during heavy fog. The escapee was recaptured a few days later, and sentenced at the Supreme Court to an additional term of hard labour. The conduct of the prisoners has been good, very few punishments being found necessary. I attribute this to their healthy surroundings, the open-air life on the Prison farm having a distinctly beneficial and reformative effect, which result cannot be looked for within the four walls of a city prison. Tho spiritual welfare of the prisoners has been well looked after by the Rev. P. Revel], Rev. Father Leon, tho members of the Brethren faith, and Staff Captain Barnes, of the Salvation Army; frequent services being held forenoon and afternoon on Sundays. The bootmakers' shop has been transferred here from the Lyttelton Prison, and a large number of boots and slippers manufactured and supplied to other prisons and mental hospitals. Work on the west cell-range of the permanent Prison building litis proceeded vigorously throughout the year, the actual building work being now practically completed. The pitched portion of the roof has been covered with concrete roofing-tiles, made at the Prison. The cells situated on the ground floor have been finished, and now all that remains to be done, to complete this wing of the building is the finishing of the cells on the first floor and the usual work on the exterior of the building. The concrete foundations of east cell-range have been laid down, and one course of blocks laid all round. The walls of the kitchen block have been built to the, required height, and the roof is ready for placing in position. This building contains, in addition to the basement, kitchen, bathroom, laundry, bakehouse, and two storerooms, in the basement are two compartments, one for coal and tho, other for cool storage. The iron grille doors for the kitchen block have been made in the Prison blacksmith's shop. Concrete foundations have been placed under the four wooden buildings of the original temporary-cell block, and the yard has been divided into two by means of a concrete-block wall. Lavatory basins and sanitary conveniences have been built. These will be drained to a septic tank, which is being built in the rear of tho buildings. A second temporary-cell block of buildings containing two cell-houses, with accommodation for fifty-eight prisoners, also kitchen with bathroom and officers' quarters attached, and the administrative block, containing offices, storeroom, visiting-rooms, and bootmaking-shop, has been completed. The yard has been divided into four by concrete-block walls. Lavatory basins and sanitary conveniences have been provided. The sewerage from the latter is disposed of by means of a septic tank, while the lavatory basins have been drained into soakage sumps. All the buildings in this block have been electrically lighted, the energy being obtained from the Lake Coleridge system. Three new officers' cottages have been completed, a fourth is built roof-high, and the foundations of a fifth have been laid. The Gaoler's residence has also been built to the height of window-sills. The old wooden cottage previously occupied by the farm-manager has been moved back 75 yards and placed on a concrete foundation ; a concrete-block washhouse and bathroom have been added to this cottage, a hot-water system has been installed, and the cottage completely renovated. All new cottages on the property are being built of concrete blocks, and the roofs are covered with concrete, tiles, the whole of the blocks and tiles being made in tho Prison workshops by our own labour. A septic tank has been built to dispose of the sewerage, from cottages. Nos. 1, 3, 4, and 5 cottages are now connected, and the tank is giving complete satisfaction. The five completed cottages now on the farm have been fitted throughout with electric light, the energy for which is carried across the farm on a line of reinforced-concrete poles, leading from the transformer station near tho temporary Prison. A concrete cylinder well has been sunk 52 ft., and will shortly be, finished. The shed used for making concrete blocks has been duplicated ;it now covers twice the area previously occupied, thus greatly increasing the output of blocks. In connection with building-work at the, Prison 20,000 concrete, blocks have been made, and 27,300 concrete roofing-tiles. Tho farm has been supplied with a large number of concrete fencing-posts of different patterns ; concrete droppers have also been made, and fences erected. The new road on the boundary of the, Prison property is being pushed on, and fenced in as the work proceeds. There are in all 400 acres of the, farm area under cultivation, 48 acres being lucerne, 15 acres barley, 24 acres potatoes, 23 acres mangolds, 33 acres silver-beet, 75 acres oats, 25 acres wheat : the remainder has been laid down in various grasses. 655 lambs and forty-three pigs were bred on the farm, their sale, adding considerably to the year's revenue. Cash credits amounting to £2,013 10s. 9d. were received and paid into the Public Account. Fire practice, has taken place, weekly with the manual engine. I regret having to record the 'death rinfluenza, epidemic of Motor-driver Warder C. G. Hall ; he was a bright, intelligent, and efficient officer, and his loss is much regretted. The conduct of the staff, which has been largely increased during the year, has been very satisfactory. Mr. Maopherson, Fields Supervisor, has visited frequently and. given advice on farming matters generally. ROTO-ATRA ROAD-MAXTNC PRISON CAMP, There were forty-five prisoners in custody at the beginning of the year, twenty-four prisoners have been received during the year, twelve hard-labour prisoners were discharged, and three reformative detention prisoners were released by the Prisons Board.

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The work of forming and metalling the road and bridging the various streams still continues to progress favourably, although to a large extent the work has been delayed through bad weather, more especially during the winter, when work was practically at a standstill owing to heavy snowfalls. Four bridges have been erected during the year, and the road is now metalled for a distance of about six miles and a half. A very fine metal-pit has been discovered on the road-line near the Whakapapauui Stream. It is found that this metal makes a much better road than the crushed metal. Tenders for a three-days-per-week motor mail-service from Waimarino to Tokaanu have been called, and it is expected that this will be the means of attracting a great deal of tourist traffic over the Waimarino-Tokaanu Road. The conduct of the officers has been good. Rations have been of good quality and regularly supplied. Divine service has been held on several occasions. WAIKERIA REFORMATORY FOR MEN. The conduct of the prisoners on the whole litis been satisfactory. There were no escapes throughout the year. The health of the prisoners has been good. There was one admission to Hamilton Hospital through an accident. While in Hospital the patient contracted influenza, and is still unable to return to the Reformatory. Other cases of illness were of a mild nature and were treated in the Reformatory. While the influenza epidemic was raging in this district every precaution was taken under the direction of the Medical Officer to prevent it getting a strong hold. Thanks to these precautions there was only one case, which was of a mild nature. A new camp has been established on the north end of the farm to accommodate a number of prisoners and the necessary officers. The prisoners in this camp will be employed clearing and burning scrub and bringing in now land ready for the plough. A second camp under canvas five miles from the main building was also established to enable the metalling of the Tokanui Mental Hospital Road to be carried out. The conduct of the men in both camps is excellent. Good progress was made with the building of the administrative division of the institution. The fences in one of the exercise-yards have been shifted, and the sanitary arrangements have been so arranged, as to allow the prisoners .more room to exercise. A large amount of excavating on the site has been carried on, and it, is hoped to have the hill levelled off on tho west side, of the building shortly, also the permanent levels taken and portion of the ground laid out. The, electricians have fixed the wires from the power-house to No. 1 camp and dairy : it is certainly a great improvement. A wire was also taken over to the temporary stables, and three lights were fixed. A four-roomed cottage is in course of erection, and should be finished early in tho New Year. An addition has been made to No. 4 cottage, and several minor repairs to other cottages. The grounds round the cottages have all been laid out, and the officers appear to be taking a good deal of pride in keeping them in order. Two rooms at the end of the cell-range have been turned into a temporary hospital for sick prisoners. Two gangs of prisoners have been forming the road through the Tokanui Mental Hospital ground. The formation of the road is now finished. Seven culverts were laid, ranging from 12 in. to 3 ft. The metalling is almost finished ; there now remain only 10 chains to do. The procuring of the metal was very difficult, not altogether on account of the long distance, we had to cart it, but in one instance a tram-line had to be laid down a steep bank (1 in 1) and a small engine used to haul it up 80 ft. before the metal could be carted on to the road. Good progress has been made on the farm. The ground is being systematically fenced so that each paddock will have a gate leading on to the roads which are running north, and south. 'I hree miles of fencing have been completed. 300 acres have been cleared of fern and manuka and ploughed, and 500 acres burned. A large area has also had the tutu and. manuka stumps grubbed out. A considerable, amount of farm draining has been done, bringing in valuable land that was covered with water most of the year. This work can only be carried out with any satisfaction in the summer months, on account of tho stream rising and backing the water up the drains. The most important industry on the farm is dairying, and under the present management it is showing very satisfactory results. This year in the month of December our cheque for milk and cream was Over £60 for forty cows. A. number of cows were purchased early in the year, also .a pedigree bull. All these animals are of the Shorthorn breed. The bull and most of the cows have been registered in the Herd-book. In a year or two we should have a very fine herd. The cows are tested monthly, and by this means we will be, able to cull out and dispose of all unprofitable animals. Owing to various causes the pig industry has not yielded as satisfactory returns as in previous years. Provision has been made this year to keep a supply of cereals on hand, and our stock will be increased very rapidly, as there are a number of young pigs coming on. The amount of crops sown is as follows : 5 acres in barley, 80 acres in oats, 10 acres in potatoes, 3 acres in maize, 50 acres in grass, 1 acre in pumpkins, 2 acres in peas, 5 acres in wheat, 15 acres in mangolds, 10 acres in swedes, 1 acre in linseed, 2 acres in lucerne, 1 acre in carrots, 40 acres reserved for hay. All the crops are showing good growth, though the season was very late. The lucerne and linseed are only experimental crops and appear to be very promising. A large vegetable-garden is also kept in good order.

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The orchard of 7 acres has been ploughed and disked, and all the trees have been pruned and sprayed at intervals. A new orchard has been started on the flat land close to the main road, in which 500 trees have been planted. They are showing wonderful growth for the short time they have been planted. Tho ground for tho new apiary was laid down in grass, and all the hives have since been shifted to their new quarters round the ground. A trellis-work fence has been erected round the apiary and a rose hedge has been planted. There have been several additions to the poultry-houses. A building comprising four rooms has been provided—-one for the brooder, one for the incubators, one as a storeroom, and the last for a boiler-room. There has been a large addition to the poultry in fowls, ducks, and turkeys. One man has been employed all the year trapping, digging out, and poisoning rabbits. By this means we have very few of these destructive animals on the farm. Several stacks of oats and barley were cut into chaff early in the year. The blacksmith's shop is one, of the most essential things on the farm. A large, amount of horseshoeing, repairing of implements, buggies, wagons, and general repairs are done. Blacksmithing for the Public Works is also carried out. Cash, returns for the year are as follow : Cream and milk, £434 18s. ; vegetables, £161 Bs. ; pigs, £86 7s. ; poultry and eggs, £90 ; stock, £310 14s. 3d. ; sheep-skins, £272 15s. ; tallow, £44 3s. 4d. ; bread and meat to officers, £100 ; wool, £11 9s. 2d. Divine service was conducted by the Revs, Shaw and Henderson. The Visiting Justices, Messrs. Teasdale and Richards, visited the Reformatory at intervals. Both gentlemen take a great interest in the welfare of the inmates. Unfortunately the Reformatory Aid Society had a severe, check on account of the influenza epidemic, and no meetings could be held. With the Christmas holidays following, all meetings have been postponed to early in the New Year. The secretary of this society is to be, congratulated on the energy he, is exerting to make a success of it. WELLINGTON PRISONS. It is gratifying to note that the conduct of the staff during the year was exceptionally good, only two officers having been reported for being absent from duty without permission, one being reprimanded and the other fined and warned. I have to thank the stall generally for the support accorded to me, in carrying out the duties and maintaining the discipline of tho Prison. The conduct of the prisoners on the whole has been very satisfactory. Although 1,101 males and 1.29 females wore dealt with, only 133 prisoners were reported for having committed 176 offences against the. regulations. Frank Bonnier was executed at the Terrace Prison on the 19th January for tho murder of his wife. The supplies of rations and other articles were up to standard and delivered with promptness. The health of the prisoners generally was very good, but the influenza epidemic which raged throughout the Dominion during the latter part of the year was responsible for laying up in bed twenty-eight males. Twelve were removed to the Hospital, where I regret to say three died. The, others on recovery were returned to the Prison. I deeply regret to record the death of Warder William Goddard on the 22nd November, 191.8, from influenza. He was a fearless, conscientious, and trustworthy officer, and always performed his duties with tact and ability. Altogether fourteen male officers were affected by the influenza scourge. Divine services were held each Sunday by the various denominations. By permission of the Inspector of Prisons the Salvation Army band accompanied the captain (who conducted the service) quarterly and played selections of sacred music, which was much appreciated by the prisoners, as was also the entertainment on Christmas Day given to the females, through the kind intercession of Edwin Arnold, Esq., Visiting Justice. The Visiting Justices and Official Visitors deserve the thanks of the Department for the attention they gave in visiting the Prison. Mr. Arnold, V.J., made forty-five, visits, and Mr. Hume, V.J., twenty-four visits. The lady Official Visitors made regular weekly visits to .the female prisoners, and Messrs. T. Mills and John Holdsworth, Official Visitors, made several visits and gave, interviews to male and female prisoners. There, wore forty males and thirteen females committed to the Prison for curative treatment during the year. The Point Halswell prisoners were employed on the Beach Road widening and crowning it, excavating on Prison site, clearing the fire-breaks, removing cable from the, sea, preparing fencingwire, and making staples (which are disposed of to other prisons), weeding and planting trees, and cutting grass round magazines. Two cows were purchased, and they have produced three, calves and supplied 80 gallons of milk, from the 19th November till the 31st December, to the Terrace and Mount Cook Prisons. Pigs (weaners) have been purchased, and when fattened twenty-six were sold, realizing £106 14s. 2d. Brickmaking at Mount Cook was continued during the year, 851,000 bricks having been manufactured in nine months of the year, and 517,250, of the value of £1,444 ss. 6d., sold to Government Departments and private institutions.

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FIRST OFFENDERS' PROBATION ACT. REPORTS OF TBI HONORARY PROBATION OFFICERS FOR THE YKAR ENDING 31 st MARCH, 1919. Rev. F, h. Jkffkeys, Auckland. The year's work has boon much the same as in previous years, and the results have in my opinion more than ever emphasized previous statements made by me in annual reports concerning the inestimable value to the, community of tho benefits of the general principles of probation. Nine months ago I told some of our Judges that I could without exaggeration state that, through the medium of the, Probation Act, I had been enabled since assuming office in July, 1915. to save at least one hundred young people from having to face life with the prison brand upon them. From an economic point of view alone it is impossible to realize what this means to the community. From a moral point of view the value is still greater. Regarded from the mere potinds-shillings-and-pence question, one has only to think that imprisonment means a considerable cost to the State for the prisoner alone. Food, clothing, light, and supervision must proportionately increase, even in a. large prison, for every additional prisoner; prison gratuities to the prisoner have to be paid, and even in the case of an average good workman the earning-power of his work in gaol cannot recompense the State, for the outlay involved. It stands to reason that much prison work is of an unproductive nature for the State. Also, if the prisoner be a married man with a young family it almost always means that the wife and children must be supported by the local Charitable Aid Board, and. thus become a burden on the taxpayer. Further, another important factor is that restitution to aggrieved persons becomes practically impossible. On the contrary, probation'saves the State, from the maintenance, care, and supervision of the delinquent, the Charitable Aid Board is saved from maintaining the man's family, the aggrieved person has his loss made good, and the community has the man's services in some necessary work that makes for its efficiency. From the moral viewpoint I know of nothing better that can humanely be done that will check a, young man from a life of crime than to make him work and maintain his family, discharge his social obligations, find out of his own hardearned money recompense the person he has wronged. Enforced restitution from a young man's own earnings has an infinitely greater moral effect for good than gaoling, feeding, and lodging him without causing him tiny individual responsibility for his maintenance. It is because of the scores of concrete illustrations of the benefits of probation that I have, now before me that I long to see the general principles of probation more widely applied in the administration of Justice in our Dominion. It has again boon a, most encouraging year to your officer in that the constant co-operation of Judges, Magistrates, gaol officials, and police has been given to him in every possible, way, and his recommendations have almost invariably been acted on. Without this co-operation the work could not be done. One of the most pleasing features of the, year has been the behaviour of tint probationers themselves, especially during the, time of stress and strain of the influenza, epidemic, when all regular work was completely disorganized. The probationers generally, with few exceptions, regard the officer in charge of them as their friend and guide, and only occasionally litis it been necessary to resort to arrest and similar harsh methods. When arrest has to be resorted to the advice, warning, or imprisonment given by the. Court litis had the desired effect. During the year many of my probationers have returned from active sorvice, after having made good to the full in service for the Empire. Imprisonment in their cases would have deprived tho nation of the, most valuable services that they have rendered to the nation in her hour of need. I commenced the year with 103 probationers, and ended it with ninety-eight still under my care. During the year 1 received from our Courts seventy-two cases for various periods as follows : Two for three months, five for six months, twenty-three for twelve months, four for eighteen months, twenty-five for two years, thirteen for three, years. Of these two defaulted and were gazetted for arrest, a failure of 2-7 per cent. Several cases were received on transfer from other districts. The orders issued by the Courts for payments to be made by tho probationers committed to my care were, for costs of prosecution, £219 6s. 4d., and for restitution £172 4s. lid. ; the bulk of this has been duly collected. Owing to the, large amount being paid to me in restitution the Department opened a deposit account for me in the Bank of New Zealand in April, 1918, and by the 31st March, 1919, I had paid into this account the sum of £531 Bs. 7d., the. major portion of which belonged to orders made in previous years. I have given these, figures to prove my statement made earlier in this report that by the- advantages of probation the aggrieved persons benefit tis well as the probationers. It often happens in taking a probationer from the Court that it is necessary to find him in clothes and lodging or to assist the, family in various ways. In this connection much important work, (tan be done by the. Probation Officer because of his social service organization behind him ; but it sometimes means giving assistance that is really too heavy a burden thus to be borne, and the State might well set aside an allowance to its Probation Officers for the purpose of putting young delinquents on their feet again. Throughout the year the women and girls who have, been placed on probation have been supervised by my co-worker, Sister Constance, whose tactful, kindly, and firm methods have been a great factor in helping many delinquents to redeem the past. The Door of Hope, an unsectarian institution for preventive work among girls, has been of great assistance, and time after time 1

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22

have made free, use of this and have placed girls there who require discipline before, placing them out in situations. To Mrs. Drew, the Matron, her staff, and the authorities of this institution 1 wish to record my gratitude. Crimes Amendment Probationers: On the deoease of Mr. Brakenrig in September, 1.918, 1 took over this branch of work also, and have had an average of forty probationers under my cart!. This work would have been quite impossible without assistance, and so the Department sent me a clerk from Head Office in December last. The assistance thus given has been of inestimable value to me. During the six months that I have carried on this branch of work I. have paid out to probationers about £225 on account of prison gratuities and earnings. These payments are made by voucher in small amounts only, the Probation Officer acting as trustee of prisoners' earnings in order to safeguard against any-tendency to squander. Informal Probationers: During the year I have had quite a number of these cases under my care, and with few exceptions they have been most satisfactory. With the three classes of probationers, averaging never less than 150 a month, my hands have, been pretty full, but no effort that can be made to help young men and women make good the mistakes of the past is labour lost. My business is so arranged that it is almost impossible for young offenders to come in contact with old offenders. Separate days are allocated for various classes of probationers to report, and thus they are kept quite apart. Most of my probationers report weekly, and it is a common thing on report days to have from fifty to seventy reports. The, weekly report is of greater value than the statutory monthly report. A large amount of correspondence is done, in keeping in close touch with probationers who have, been placed in positions in country districts. Some hundreds of letters have been written in this connection. Finally, I. would like to refer to the most promising feature of my work as general Probation Officer for the district, During the year quite a number of parents and relatives have come to me for help in the case of young folk who were beginning to go astray, and many of these have been handed over to my care privately, and thus prevented from going any further in wrongdoing and getting into the clutches of the law. I have invariably found that in all departments of social work efforts to prevent wrongdoing are far more effective than efforts to reform the wrongdoer. Rev. Frank Rule, Christchurch. During the year ending 31st March, 1919, the Work of the. Probation Officer tinder the First Offenders Act, 1908, has continued to supply a, real need in our Courts. The increasing number of first offenders who are thus saved front the not pleasant experience of spending a longer or shorter time among criminals and becoming familiarized with the inside of penal institutions is surely a matter for thankfulness, if in this way only a few are prevented from embarking on a life of crime, then all the labour is worth while. During the year our Magistrates have, made considerable, use of the system of " informal probation," and both men and women have been enabled to turn a dangerous corner to where their attempts to recover themselves are both fostered and encouraged. It is gratifying to see the number who, having made a, slip, are thus enabled to recover themselves. During the year fifty have been on probation, reporting regularly; fourteen of these have been ordinary probationers and twenty-six informal. Six have been transferred to other districts, three have completed their terms and been discharged, while one has been sent to an inebriate institution, leaving forty on our books. Mr. F. G. Cumming, Dunedin. The past year has been a most successful one, both with regard to the ordinary Court work and the real work of the Probation Officer. During the, year quite a large number of young people —men and women have been placed upon probation, and with one, or two exceptions have done well and are making good. In this way they arc proving that the Judge or Magistrate was fully justified in giving them tho chance recommended by the Probation Officer. At the present time I have upon my books something like twenty-two probationers, the majority of whom are first offenders, and. tho balance those who have been released upon probation by the Prisons Board. From the latter class 1 have very little trouble ; indeed, it is a pleasure to help these men, because there is distinctly seen in them an earnest desire to as far as possible have the past cleaned up and forgotten. I think the Prison Board and the Department are to bo highly commended for the magnificent work done and the trouble they take in dealing with this class of criminal. It will be highly gratifying to them to know from those who handle and help these men and women that in most cases a real and true reformation takes place and that they become law-abiding citizens. It is pleasing to report that at this centre the Probation Officer has the greatest possible assistance from Judges, Magistrates, and police. No young man or woman's case is hurriedly dealt with ; the Probation Officer is always consulted, and ever)- chance is given him to make a recommendation. I am grateful to these gentlemen for the opportunities given, and by which I am led to believe that the work done by the Probation Officer is at least satisfactory to them. Quite a large amount of money has been collected during the year on behalf of the Department. One probationer has refunded just on £150, so you will gather that if such a person had been sent to prison the State would not only have been put to the expense of keeping the individual, but the amount repaid would not have been forthcoming, f state frankly that the getting of the amounts due by these people is not difficult; indeed, the probationer.who wants to do the right thing is most anxious to meet the claims made upon him.

23

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I must further note the fact that the, past year stands out, as a record one for the, district so far as placing people upon probation is concerned. This does not imply an increase in crime, but rather suggests that more use is made of the, Probation Act to create a new hope in the man or woman who comes before the Courts. I again repeat, the young person who gets the benefit of probation should be put on a lengthy, not a short, term, thus giving the Probation Officer the right to make a recommendation to the authorities for tho remission of part of the sentence if the conduct of the probationer is decidedly good. This lam sure would be an encouragement to the person concerned to do his best to get his complete liberty. The strong point of my work lies largely in getting to tho homes of the probationer. T find that the parents and friends are pleased to meet me, and this means their assistance, which results in good ; at all events I find it so here in Dunedin. Mr. A. McLean, Invercargill. I beg to report that during the year fourteen first-offender probationers were received— four from the Supreme Court, nine from the Magistrate's Court, and one on transfer from another district. Two were on the, register at the, beginning of the year, making a total of sixteen dealt with. The periods of probation were three, for three years, three for two years, four for one year, one for eighteen months, and two for six months. Seven were transferred to other districts, two completed their probation satisfactorily, and seven remained under my charge at the close of the year. Orders were made for restitution in seven cases- two by the Supreme Court and five by the Magistrate's Court— amounting to £60 7s. ; and costs of prosecution in five cases four by the Supreme Court and one by the Magistrate's Court— to the amount of £57 Cs. 4d. The amounts collected during the year were—restitution money, £61 13s. ; and costs of prosecution, £3 16s. 4d. It is gratifying to record there were no failures. The friendly feeling which has subsisted between probationers and their Probationer Officer was well maintained. Probationers were visited at their homes, and on various occasions parents were interviewed and conferred with on matters concerning the welfare of youthful probationers. By securing the confidence of probationers opportunities were presented to give direction to their activities by personal effort, and by suggestion and counsel, at the same time giving due consideration to natural ability and temperament. The year's work was satisfactory, and the time, thought, and personal effort given in forwarding the welfare of probationers fully justified by the results. Probation is disciplinary, and the probationer is taught to regulate his life in accordance with the conditions imposed, and he is trained in self-control by being subject to control. Mr. T. P. Mills, Wellington. There were seventeen offenders on the register at the beginning of the year, forty were placed on probation and eleven were transferred from other districts, sixty-eight in all passing through my hands during the, year. Five completed the period of their probation satisfactorily, twenty-one were transferred to other districts, four left the Dominion with the Expeditionary Forces, three received sentences of imprisonment, leaving thirty-five on the register at the 31st March, 1919. Two only of those imprisoned lapsed into criminal ways : the third refused to obey orders as a conscientious objector in camp, and was sentenced'at a Court-martial. The first two were both mental weaklings, and may never reform. In quite a number of cases under review men whose, characters have not been altogether unblemished have been extended probation. This certainly increases the task of supervision, but on the whole, the Courts' leniency has been amply .justified, for in a period extending over almost three years there have been only two distinct cases of failure, the total number passing through my hands being 116. Outside those who have been granted probation, there, are over thirty on my lists who have been convicted and ordered to come up for sentence when called upon, and placed under my supervision. Only one of these, has lapsed into criminal ways, thus emphasizing the advantages of extending the benefits of the probationary'system.

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Table A. PRISON ACCOMMODATION AND PRISONERS. Table showing Accommodation, Number of Prisoners, etc., at the several Prisons of the Dominion during the Year 1918.

24

Name of Prison. In Separate Cells for One Prisoner. Number of Persons for whom tbere is Accommodation. In Wards or Cells for more than One Prisoner. Total. Number of Persons at Beginning of Year. Number received during Year. Number discharged or transferred. Number in Prison at End of Year. Addington Auckland Invercargill Kaingaroa Lyttelton Napier New Plymouth Paparua (Templeton) Roto-aira (Waimarino) Waikeria .. ' Wellington Minor prisons I 51. 270 137 62 108 7 53 110 39 102 192 70 F. 7 35 1 3 4 31 24 M. 6 19 "3 59 1 2 6 26 53 F. 28 5 2 18 I 11. 276 156 62 HI 66 54 112 45 i 128 I 192 123 -. F. 35 35 1 8 4 33 42 M. 222 116 58 Soil 33 64 45 99 172 22 F. 52 24 30 1 52 246 116 58 56 13 33 64 ■: 45 99 202 23 793 148 : 30 326 134 91 138 24 95 929 809 F. T. 53 53 83 876 2 150 30 326 7 141 91 138 24 95 99 : 1,028 46 855 M. 784 110 35 347 131 82 85 24 73 964 805 F. T. 55 55 93 877 2 112 35 347 9 140 82 85 24 73 122 1,086 47 852 M. 231 154 53 35 14 42 117 45 121 137 26 F. 50 14 T. 50 245 154 53 35 14 42 117 45 121 144 •26 Totals 1,150 j 105 105 175 53 1,325 158 898 I 109 | 1,007 3,517 290 3,807 3,440 328 3,768 975 71 1,046 Sickness. Greatest Number in Prison at One Time. Least Number in Prison at One Time. (c.) Number ot Distinct Prisoners ill on One or More Occasions, with Number of Occasions, Total Number of Separate Illnesses, Total Number of Days, and Daily Average on Sick-list. Name of Prison. Daily Average Number of Prisoners. (a.) Greatest Number ! ill at any One Time. tb.) Admissions to Hospital durirj Year. Year. o 5 s? s« Si! 1 * 2-0 £ of '■ Number Average ' S * - .2 -° 5 £ - 55 S 5 > Separate of on O E-i r-E- E- 1 c- ! H O Illnesses. Days ill. Sick-list. Addington Auckland Invercargill Kaingaroa Lyttelton Napiei New Plymouth Paparua (Templeton) .. Roto-aira (Waimarino) Waikeria Wellington Minor prisons M. •239 157 61 64 24 58 120 48 124 172 96 F. 60 24 2 T. M. F. T. 60 40 40 263 199 11 210 157 111 .. Ill 61 53 53 64 21 21 26 5 2 7 58 33 .. 33 120 64 64 48 34 .. 34 124 80 80 202 102 13 115 108 12 i 1 13 M. 214-30 129-90 56-34 38-28 13-40 40-73 95-50 40-26 109-20 133-48 25-59 F. T. 49-16 49-16 16-11 230-41 129-90 56-34 38-28 1-20 14-60 40-73 95-50 40-26 109-20 17-00 150-48 1-50 2709 M. 92 no : 8 10 53 3 5 20 7 F. T. M. 7 7 2 94 2 110 21 '.'. 8 3 10 8 10 53 8 3 5 1 2 22 19 1 8 5 F. 1 1 1 T. 1 21 3 8 S 1 20 4 I II 17 3 3 .. .. 153 1 ! 99 32 7 1 .. .... 24 1 .. .. 1 11 3 14! 2 i 2 2 .. 60 14 1 .. .. 6 2 1 .. .. 15 .. I .. 35 16 1 1 .. 16 .. 1 1 32 545 155 2,625 188 2,143 31 586 17 178 32 255 97 1.224 13 131 15 143 85 1.121 16 42 1-49 7-19 5-87 i-6i 0-49 0-70 3-35 0-36 0-39 3-07 0-12 30 12 Totals 1,163 128 1,291 714 67 | 781 896-98 84-97 981-95 318 12 j 330 67 3 68 450 74 15 4 1 2 681 8,993 24-64 I

Table A1. Table showing Particulars, for each Prison, of Prisoners at Beginning and End of Year, and received and discharged during Year 1918.

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5—H. 20,

25

E C C 5 CD 6 a a o a Si o ■ DC < o CD O £ft_ p 5 o DD o o EH 5 • ■ (a.) In prison at beginning of the year — Undergoing — M. j F. M. F. i M. F. I M. F. M. F. M. i F. M. F. M. F. ! M. ! F. i M. F. M. F. M. F. | M. F. Simple imprisonment .. .. .. 7 ' 1 ..'..... .. ' 1 : . . i .. 161 .. ....... 1 .. 1 .. 1 '. . . 27 2 29 Under three months' hard labour .. .. 13 1 I 2 .. 19 1 .. ..2 .. .'.' 10 .. 47 1 48 Three months' hard labour and under one year 27 15 4 i .. 17 ... 3. .. 6 ...| 5. 1 66 14 .. 1 15 .. 22 .. 10 | .. 4 .. 179 31 210 One year's hard labour and upwards .. 82 6 54 I .. 35 .. 26 .. 36 .- 4 I .. 54 14 .. 19 25 .. 31 .. 37 384 . 39 423 Detention as habitual criminals .. .. j 45 1 .... 1 .. .. 1 : .. .. .... .... I .. 47 J 1 48 Reformative detention .. . . .. 26 1 .... 47 3 ...... _ 5 .. .. 30 ! 7 .. 10 I ■ ■ 67 .. .. .. 165 : 31 196 Detention under Prisoners Detention Act. 1915 i 2 1 .. ....! ..'.. ' 1 ........ .. ■■ ■■ 3 1 4 Sentenced to death .. .. .. .. - - ...... ..;.... .. 1 .. ! ....... .. i •• •■ 1 ■■ 1 M. ! F. M. j F. 6 ... 5. 1 36 ..4|.. .. ... •• -• M. 16 19 66 54 5 1 F. M. F. M. I ».. 1 .. ...... 1 .. .. 2 .. 14 .. 1 15 .. 14 .. 19 25 .. .... 1 : .. .. I ■■ .. 30 ! 7 .. 1 .. M. j F. M. F. 1 .. 1 .. 22 .. 10 ! .. 31 .. 37 j .. 10 ■ '.'. 67 .. M. F. j 1 ; .. 10 .. 4 .. M. F. 27 2 47 1 179 31 384 39 47 1 165 31 3 1 1 29 48 210 423 48 196 4 1 Total criminals in prison .. .. I 202 24 ! 58 .. 99 .. 32 . . | 45 .. 11 : 1 162 30 .. 51 50 . . 64 .. 115 .... 15 .. 853 106 i)59 For trial or on remand .. .. .. 9 .." .. .. I .. .. 1 j .. 1 10 .. .. 1 I 6 1 .. 7 , 1 34 3 37 45 '' i ..11 .... I 1 1 162 10 30 I .. 51 50 . . 64 . . 115 . . . 1 ' 15 7 1 853 106 34 3 959 37 Total in prison for criminal offences .. 211 24 i 58 .. 99 .. 33 .. 45 .. II 2 172 30 .. 52 56 j .. ] 64 i .. 116 | .. 22 1 887 109 996 Debtors .. .. .. .. .. ...... .... | I Lunatics .. .. .. . . . . .. .. , .. . . j ! Prisoners of war .. .. .. ■ - 11 •■ ■ - •■ ■■!■• ...... ' .. .. .. 11 .. 11 Total persons in prison .. .. .. 222 24 j 58 .. 99 .. 33 .. 45 .. 11 2 172 30 .. 52 ! 56 ! .. 64 i .. 116 .. 22 1 898 109 1,007 (b.) Prisoners received during the year - Sentenced to— , Simple imprisonment .. .. .. ! 12 6 i 1 4 .. 11 1 .. 14...... 1 1 12 45 9 54 Under three months' hard labour .. .. 327 j 34 13 .. .'. .. 22 i 1 370 46 i .. 6 133 .... .. 13 1 253 3 1,131 j 91 1,222 Three months' hard labour and under one year ; 108 20 .. 16 : .. '■ .. .. 19 3 116 14 .. 10 44 .. 1 , .. 5 .. 54 3 363' 50 413 One year's hard labour and upwards .. 37 1 I 3 .. ' .. .. 2 .. 181 5 .. 6 24 .. 2 : .. 2 j .. 15 2 267 14 281 Hard labour and reformative detention .. 1 1 .. .. 2 .. 7 .. .. 3 3 .. .. .. 2 - .. 2 .. 27 3 30 Simple imprisonment and sent to an industrial 1 •• .. 1 1 school Hard labour and declared habitual criminal ... 10 1 [2 .. 7 5 .. .. : 2 .. 27 .. 27 Habitual criminal without further sentence , . .. . ........ 2 1 ' .. . I .. 2 2 shown Death .. . . .. .. I I Under conviction for sentence .. .. 10 .. .. 2 .. 8 4 .. .. 2 1 .. 12 1 35 5 40 Criminals for reformative treatment only .. 3,1 2 .... .. .. 3 .. .... 7 2 30 6 ; .. 3 1 i .. .. | .. 6 j .. .21 3 103 16 119 Total new prisoners received .. ..I 550 63 1 .. ..' .. 37 60 6 732 76 j .. 29 1217 .. 3 I .. 30 i 2 371 ' 12 2,001 188 2,189 Oh remand or for trial .. .. .. HU 20 ' : 34 .... 69 1 137 19 .. 8 76 18].. 301 29 799 77 876 ■ ■ . I . ! I . ! 714 83 1 .. 71 1:9 7 ! 869 95 .. 37 293 . . 3 .. 48 2 672 41 . 2,800 265 3,oa5 Debtors .. .. . . .. .. 7 i : 5 .. i .. 3 .. 6 ....'.. 6 35 .. 62 .. 62 Lunatics .. .. .. .. .. 2 ' .. .. j .. .. .. ' - •■ -■ " 1 n ' J i2 Prisoners of war .. .. .. .. 10 . . '.. j 1 .. 11 •• 11 Total new persons received .. .. | 723 83 1 .. ; .. .. ,76 .. .. .. 132 7 887 95 j .. 37 299 .. 3 I .. I 48- 2 715 42 2,884 266 3,150 On transfer or in transitu '.. .. .. 70 . ! -'9 95 15 24 2 .. 42 4 j .. 16 j 27 .. 135 ilOO .. 94 4 633 24 057 715 94 42 4 2,884 266 633 24 3,150 657 Grand totals .. .. .. 793 . 83 ! 30 , .. 95 .. 91 . . 24 , .. |l34 7 929 \ 99 | .. | 53 326 ..138 .. Il48 | 2 ' 809 46 | 3,517 ,290 3,807 793 . 83 i 30 95 .. 91 .. 24 ! . 134 929 99 .-. ] 53 326 138 .. Il48 2 809 46 I 3,517 |290 ! 3,807

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26

Table A1 — continued. Table showings Particulars, for each Prison, of Prisoners at Beginning and End of Year, and received and discharged during Year 1918 — continued.

•a a ■ CI a 3 o 6 d a a a o CD a ■e d o 3 3 os a CrC i 'S 5 EH £ a e. o e.) Discharged during the year— On expiration of sentence On bail or probation Pardoned Died Executed Absconded and not retaken Committed suicide Released on recommendation of Prisons Board .. If. F. 460 68 16 1 1 .. 5 36 .. ! I I I I I M. F. M. F. M. : F. M. F. M. 18 i .. 38 .. 30 .. '' 12 .. 48 .. 16 j 13 "o '.'. 27 " .. .. '3 '.'. '2 F. 4 , 1 M. ' F. M. F. 554 i 90 .. 31 29 j 4 .. 1 6 i 1 | 4 .".]'.'. 12 M. 171 ! 5 I 1 1 I F. M. .. 54 1 F. ill i ! I M. F. • M. F. M. F. I 43 1 279 6 1.707 200 1,907 13.. 34 2 110 9 125 2 3 .. 3 2 .. 1 .. 19 .. 19 2 2 :: :: "i :: i ■:: i 33 .. .. .. 122 12 134 83 1 315 8 1,971, 221 2,192 .... 29 2 416 47 463 83 1 344 10 2,387 268 2,055 .. .. 35 .. 61 . . 61 .. .. 7 j 1 I 12 4 , 16 83 1 386 1 11 ' 2,460 272 2,732 27 1 418 36 979 56 1,035 •■ 3 '.'. 9 Total criminals discharged to freedom Acquitted and after remand 519 I 69 23 163 i 19 .. t 65 .. j 46 .. 15 :. 66 5 594 94 .. 44 136 18 j .. 8 181 .. 66 .. 64 ; .. ■• .. Debtors Lunatics transferred to mental hospitals 682 88 23 6 .. .. 2 65 x .. 64 .. 15 .. .. .. 5 70 i 5 3 .. 1 .. 730 1112 .. 52 247 .. 64 Total persons discharged from prison Transferred to other prisons or to police 690 ! 88 23 94 5 12 .. | 65 .. ! 69 .. ..8 .. j 13 .. 15 ' .. ' 74 9 .. 57 5 i 4 j 738 112 ' .. | 55 226 10 ! .. ! 253 ..64 .. 94 .. 21 .. " I " " Grand totals 784 93 35 73 .. 82 .. 24 ..131 9 964 122 .. ; 55 [ 347 .. 85 .. 110 2 804 47 3,439 328 3,767 •• ! ! I 1 1 i d.) In prison at end of year — Undergoing — Simple imprisonment Under three months' hard labour Three months' hard labour and under one year One year's hard labour and upwards Detention as habitual criminals Reformative detention Detention under Prisoners Detention Act, 1915 Sentenced to death I 2 6 16 1 24 4 110 2 39 .. 28 .. 2 .. •• i 51 • ■ ■- 7 .. 80 .... .. .. 1 .. 7 .. i .. 80 .. 38 .. .. .. 1 .. 34 .. 2 .. ........ 3 1 .. .. .. .. 14 .. .. .. i .. 6 .. 40 4 .. 40 ' ... 3 .. 61 .. .. 1 1 .. .. 4 13 1 .. 1 1 6 13 ... .. II 1 12 .. 13 .. 10 .. 87 .. 3 3 71 2 .. 7 8 15 9 .. 44 1 45 6 .. j 112 14 126 .. 1 551 15 566 ; 42 .. 42 ! 178 31 209 .... .. 2 .. 2 i :: J34. 30 2 .. j 17 .. 77 .... .... 45 .. 9 .. 132 6 I .. ....15.. 5 1 .. ; i 25 .. 117 ! .. 10 .. 35 .. 117 .. ... .. .. .. .. .. | .. — i - 777~ : .- •- 17 .. 936 69 1,005 9 ... 38 2 40 1 .. 1 .. 1 Total criminals in prison For trial or on remand In transitu 221 13 9 1 — 53 .. 121 I 121 ' . . I 42 .. | SO — 154 ........ I .. II I ........ I I .......... .. . .. j .. 1 •• .. Total in prison for criminal offences U 1 53 TTiJT, 121 I .. j 42 ; .. 50 154 I 27 .. 975 , 71 . 1,046 .. : .. 1 .. 1 230 14 1 .. 45 ..14 .. .. I .. .. 137 7 [ .. Debtors Lunatics Prisoners of war ■• •• ! ••!••••! ■• •• - •• --- ... ........ i .. .. •• ........ ........ ....... Total persons in prison 121 ; .. , 42 .. 45 j .. 14 .. 50 35 J .. ■ ■117 .. 154 231 14 53 137 7 •• 27 976 \ 71 ! 1,047

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Table B. Table showing Details of the Expenditure of each Prison for the Financial Year ended 31st March, 1919.

Addington. Auckland. Invercargill. Kaingaroa. Lyttelton. Napier. Plymouth Paparua. Roto-aira. ! Waikeria. Wellington. Police and Minor Gaols. General Charges. Total. I 56-05 33-79 15-50 0-96 I Males Both sexes j 49-16 49-16 218-04 I5-2I 233-25 218-04 1521 140-32 001 140-32 o-oi 56- 0 5 56-05 42-62 I 108-46 41-02 II6-92 126-18 I2-IO 25-59 1-50 •• 924-49 78-94 —- —I 49-16 233-25 140-33 56-05 33-79 16-46 42-62 108-46 41-02 116-92 138-28 27-09 -- 1,003-43 Expenditure. . Salaries, war bonus, and allowances (including uniforms) Qothing, bedding, &c. Fuel, light, and water Medicines, medical comforts, and hospital charges Rations Tobacco Tools and materials for prison labour and expenses prison works, &c. Materials and expenses connected with brickmaking Expenses connected with prison farms Expenses connected with tree-planting camps . . Gratuities to prisoners on discharge Payments to prisoners under the Crimes Amendment Act .. . . ■ . Travelling-expenses, &c. .. .. Administration of Crimes Amendment and First Offenders' Probation Acts Compassionate allowances to widows of deceased officers . . .. . . Miscellaneous expenditure £ 7° 221 70 544 3 4 r 75 112 76 10,179 972 1,296 3,180 260 619 224 525 613 '485 £ \ 5,093 202 1 372 14 I 2,390 28 j 93 2,246 "48 529 535 246 £ 1,117 120 45 32 1, °33 14 32 43 235 5 "s 4 £ 1,961 614 193 67 313 J 7 8 £ i,i49 10 97 235 4 3 £ 1,655 3° 158 1 36 571 28 29 4,248 545 233 51 1,409 80 615 '2,134 £ !,534 29 60 838 45 58 £ 4,024 102 149 40 2,181 51 226 2 2 32 ■ £ 7,698 335 740 205 2,260 50 452 64 £ 1,707 23 254 40 1,100 4 6 £ 3,169 3,213 40 219 1,124 60 58 46 £ 44,699 6,265 3,858 741 '6,473 1,698 2,186 1,153 6,734 1,766 608 52 •• 7 19 37 1, 203 25 •• 64 86 10 . 18 116 577 : 383 92 290 25 78 5 34 6 I 108 142 302 59 524 2,137 3,389 T 6 630 644 1 "98 39 79 194 236 303 410 497 410 2,563 150 76 Totals Less credits (including transfers from other Departments) 2,440 80 ; 18,520 2,096 [ i,796 4,845 3.284 2,914 3,626 1,598 2,719 9990 1 , .___ ! 3.28 4 4.083 10,271 13,728 3,279 9,99o 95.324 2,914 526 127 761 2,725 1,609 2,197 1,620 50 2,104 21,054 „ . . j_ .__ 1 Net total expenditure 2 ,360 16,424 16,424 6,95i 6,951 37° 370 3, IO ° — ■ -i— 1.471 1,958 1 7,265 2,474 8,074 12,I08 3,229 7,886 73,671

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Table C. prisoners.—offences and education. Table showing the Offences and Degree of Education of Distinct Convicted Prisoners (excluding Maoris) received during the Year 1918.

Table D. PRISONERS.—BIRTHPLACES, AGES, AND OFFENCES. Table showing the Actual Number of Distinct Convicted Prisoners (exclusive of Maoris) received into Gaol during the Year 1918, classified according to Principal Offence, Birthplace, and Age.

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Offences. Supi Educi jrior Able to ri ition. wrii jad and ie. Able t< ou > read Unab] ly. rea le to ,d. r Toti >ls. Offences against the person — Convicted on indictment .. Summarily convicted M. F. M. 48 50 F. 2 3 M. F. M. 1 F. M. 48 51 F. 2 3 Offences against property— Theft and deceit Mischief 2 278 53 21 1 8 1 284 54 21 Miscellaneous— Vagrancy Drunkenness Others 109 284 703 18 27 61 1 3 2 1 4 9 10 1 114 296 717 19 28 64 2 3 Totals 4 1,525 132 28 1,564 137

Oik t-nces against the 0 Person. ences against Property. Miscellaneous. Convii on In.tirtr '""' ! Summarily Theft convicted. Ueci nent. I F. M. I F. ! M. I ' i and ■it. F. Mischief. M. F. Vagrancy. M. F. Drunkenness.* M. j F. Other Offences. M. I Totali M. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. iirthplaces — England and Wales .. 6 Scotland .. .. 4 Ireland . . . . 3 New Zealand . . I 2^ Australia . . . . | 3 Other British possessions 1 China . . .. 1 Other countries .. j 5 At sea . , Not stated 1 I 12 3 4 j •• [9 3 7 •• 5" 16 10 [48 28 3 2 12 3 3 3 1 36 5 1 22 15 19 42 7 1 1 6 2 5 11 1 86 38 50 70 18 4 3 16 4 1 164 44 55 320 56 5 8 63 7 5 8 38 4 1 j 349 123 151 660 124 18 11 16 5 18 81 13 2 4 4 1 28 3 •• 13 1 5 1 j 123 2 1 I -. 1 1 2 5 Totals . . .. 48 2 284 21 717 64 1,564 137 51 3 54 114 19 296 28 Ages— Under 10 years 10 and under 12 years 12 and under 15 years 15 and under 20 years 3 20 and under 25 years 8 25 and under 30 years 7 30 and under 40 years 10 40 and under 50 years 3 50 and under 60 years 6 60 and over . . . . .5 Not stated 1 4 .. 11 21 I 9 I 2 3 •• 40 23 35 <)2 3 3 4 6 19 9 15 5 1 I I 6 31 23 27 25 2 3 1 7 9 "o 80 80 48 1 2 11 102 130 244 139 68 23 2 9 22 '76 U54 200 489 321 204 117 3 5 8 1 ■ 3 7 3 1 1 10 12 4 1 14 6 5 1 13 4 47 33 22 6 2 1 1 Totals, 1918 . . 48 2 51 3 284 21 54 114 19 296 28 717 64 1,56.| 1.37 Totals, 1917 . . 03 5 64 3 j 353 19 72 j 203 60 477 37 908 toi 2,170 229 * It must be remembered t'.ia tables do not represent the full inn t dri nber mkenness is of persons p punish unished :d m< for • >re by i :hat ofli ine than by imprii mce. ionment, so that tin figu: es in thi gaol

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Table E. PRISONS.—NEW-ZEALAND-BORN PRISONERS RECEIVED, 1918. Table showing the Number of Distinct New-Zealand-born Convicted Prisoners of each Sex (excluding Maoris) received during the Year 1918, classified according to Ages and Offences.

Table F. Table showing Distinct Persons (excluding Maoris) imprisoned after Conviction during each of the last Ten Years.

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Ollences. Un un ic M. Un. ic ider 10 undi 1 and :r 12. 12 and tinder 15. 15 and I 20 and under 20. j under 25. 25 and 30 and under 30. under 40. 40; upwi ind i rds. Tol Lais. o. I M. M. F. M. F. M, F, M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1 Offences against the person — Convicted on indictment .. Summarily convicted Offences against property — Theft and deceit Mischief Vagrancy Drunkenness Other offences 9 1 10 I 2 6 .. 3 .. 9 1 .. 5 .. to 3 5 I 5 .. 2, I 3 2 II 5 3 2 25 19 ., 3i 17 3 15 3 23 2 48 8 .. 1 .. 8 i 23 1 4 2 73 2 48 2 8 .. 16 2 25 I 8 118 17 2 31 2 14; 2 .. 31 3" 2 21 38 65 165 2 148 36 42 70 320 660 12 2 1 3 4 •• 16 3 1 8 2 21 4 4^ 4 7 12 11 16 7 5 ■• 2 1 25 57 1 73 8 118 1 I 8 38 7 71 17 65 12 32' 38 Totals, 19 18 57 62 5 8 93 7 '« II 234 7 in 11 234 3i 31 165 27 66 _ 27 81 Totals, 1917 3 125 11 123 12 280 11 123 12 280 ' 58 ' 58 247 46 84 247 46 840 135 Totals, 1916 59 10 91 7 124 16 274 128 9 175 31 390 7 124 16 274 59 59 245 41 79 1 65 271 39 102 245 41 793 133 Totals, 1915 6 175 3 1 390 65 416 58 39i 58 271 268 39 1021 '50 57 9 Totals, 1914 2 75 4 157 6 216 31 416 6 216 31 • 58 268 47 113 47 "34 1028 i 4 ( Totals, 1913 1 1 81 7 172 10 183 20 391 10 183 20 58 200 30 102 — 200 3° I2( Totals, 1912 1 1 92 4 197 7 197 25 354 7 197 25 354 48 48 176 32 101 176 32 1 o 17 916 1038 II Totals, 1911 4 59 3 158 13 189 17 333 13 189 17 333 44 44 173 30 91' 173 30 28 10' Totals, 1910 2 75 3 199 9 249 35 331 9 249 35 331 5' 51 182 28 103 182 121 Totals, 1909 2 66 _J_ 174 15 236 28 298 15 236 28 298 53 287 43 256 44 53 192 28 96: 192 118 28 968 875 844 12: Totals, 1908 1 5 7i 4 190 17 I203 24 287 17 I203 24 43 118 22 87 : 22 III : 1 .1 Totals, 1907 2 1 79 5 181 23 213 33 256 23 213 33 ' 44 113 19 84. "3 19 12 Totals, 1906 .. I I .. 2 82 9 8 189 20 219 26 249 20 219 26 249 39 195 38 1 39 120 18 86 120 18 861 112 Totals, 1905 1 76 172 25 196 27 195 25 196 27 I 38 99 17 73 99 17 739 II« Totals, 1904 I 2 3 83 9 172 25 219 19 187 ; 25 ; 219 19 187 34 34 73 17 74' 73 60 17 740 IO. Totals, 1903 Totals, 1902 Totals, 1901 2 5 79 9 191 16 187 21 177 16 i»7_ 21 177 36 128 35 36 60 ; 21 70 ; 21 701 603 10 1 2 77 5 192 9 147 17 128 9 147 17 ! 35 57 12 60 57 : 12 78 5 74 7 8 175 22 II4 20 I43 166 19 110 15 120 22 114 20 143 38 120 28 38 4° 8 55 1 28 36 9 5.1 40 36 8 55i 95 Totals, 1900 Totals, 1899 7 79 19 no 15 16 9 5.i8 • • i 1 • • 3 2 91 9 147 14 101 16 116 14 101 116 19 1 19 36 9 49 36 9 494

Year. 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 I Prisoners. 3,009 3,159 3,242 2,877 3,023 3,229 Proportion per 10,000 of Mean Population. 31-84 32-51 32-66 28-35 29-10 30-22 Year. Prisoners! Proportion per 10,000 of Mean Population. 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 3,386 2,924 2,404 2,399 1,701 31-05 26-60 21-87 21-84 15-42 !

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Table G. Table showing Distinct Convicted Prisoners (excluding Maoris) received during the Year 1918 and sentenced to Reformative Treatment or declared Habitual Criminals, classified according to Sentences.

Head Sentence. Sentenced to Reformative Treatment for a Period not exceeding 6 Months. 12 Months. 18 Months. 2 Years. 3 Years. 4 Years. j 5 Years. 6 Years. 7 Years. Sentenced to Reformative Treatment for a Period not exceeding Habitual n tt _ Criminals. 9 Years. 10 Years. Totals. 8 Years. Reformative treatment only .. Declared habitual criminal Under 1 week 1 week and under 1 month I month ,, 3 months 3 months ,, 6 „ 6 „ 9 „ 9 „ „ 12 „ 1 year „ 2 years .. 2 years „ 3 ,, .. 3 „ „ i „ .. 4 „ „ 5 „ .. 5 ,, ,, 7 ,, . . 7 „ „ 10 „ .. Totals M. F. I M. F. M. F. 1 .. 7 3 4 .. :: :: :: ! :: :: :: :: 1 .. j 8 3 7 .. I f I I M. F. M. F. M. F. ! M. F. 31 5 28 4 5 1 7 1 1 .. 4 .... 1 3 1 1 .. 1 .. .. 2 3 .. : •• •• 37 8 37 4 6 1 11 1 M. ' F. ■ M. F. .. .. 1 .. •• j •• ::::.:::: M. I " F. 1 31. ! F. i M. 1 .. .. .. .. i .:. .. F. M. " .. .. 2 .. i 4 2 2 3 2 2 6 F. j - ' I M. 86 2 1 1 6 10 1 8 8 3 2 6 F. 14 2 1 •• I •• !•• . ! .. .. .. •• ! I .. -• " i :: :: :: :: •■■ ■ I i I ••: ■ ■• . •• j •• I •• 24 . ! -• ! i.. .. I 1 • • 133 17 ;

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Table H. Return of Prison Offences and Punishments for the Year ended 31st December, 1918.

Table I. Visits of the Visiting Justices to the Larger Prisons during the Year 1918.

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Prison, i AgaiiiBt Officers. Offences. Disobedience Other of Orders, Breaches of and Idleness. Regulations. Total Offences. Total Number Number of Prisoners of Prisoners | in Custody punished. during the Year. ! addington Auckland invercargill iaingaroa jy Helton Napier Plymouth .. D aparua Hoto-aira iVaikena rVellington 1 14 20 1 3 14 56 86 3 1 3 6 12 8 17 30 21 94 140 3 6 0 19 22 36 164 246 7 10 9 25 37 3 181 176 27 128 172 3 7 6 7 21 3 143 98 105 1,122 266 88 382 154 124 202 69 194 1,230 3 21 41 113 102 Totals .. 107 I 261 526 894 615 3,936

Prisons and Visiting Justices. b 3 a I 3 i E i I r-i 0. a V I, cu CO u o> o 1 (-1 3 O a ■4 Or B rj 1 r? Addington — T. A. B. Bailey, S.M... S. E. McCarthy,S.M... . Auckland — P. V. Frazer. S.M. .. E. C. Cutten, S.M. .. J H. Hannan J. H. Bradney P. K. Hunt, S.M. E. D. Mosley, S.M. .. Invercargill— Q. Cruickshank W. A. Ott .. William Baird John Stead .. .. J, Crosby Smith .. j Kaingaroa — R. W. Dyer, S.M. Lyttelton — F W. Anderson C. Ferrier H. W. Bishop, S.M. .. Napier — J. S. Large A. L. Beattie R. W. Dyer, S.M. .. Nev Plymouth — C. Ahier .. H. Weston A. Crooke, S.M. Paparua — T. A. B. Bailey, S.M... S, E. McCarthy, S.M... Waikeria — E. Rawson, S.M. J. B. Teasdale I Vel/ington — E. Arnold .. Henry Hume 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 4 2 3 5 3 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 2 2 1 I 2 1 1 2 I 1 I 1 1 1 i i i i 2 1 1 1 1 1 i l 2 2 2 I 2 i i 2 1 ' 1 i 2 1 1 1 1 1 i 3 1 1 1 9 3 9 7 2 1 II 2 10 9 1 5 6 3 3 1 1 1 i 4 2 4 I 4 1 4 3 3 8 5 4 3" 4 5 5 4 6 2 7 I 8 4 7 49 53 1 2 1 I I 1 I 2 3 1 2 9 8 1 1 2 I I 1 i 1 1 6 I 5 2 3 2 3 4 2 I 4 2 7 2 5 2 2 2 2 2 3 1 4 1 45 24

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Table J. FIRST OFFENDERS' PROBATION ACT, 1908. Ages and Terms of Probation of Offenders placed under the Act during the Year 1918.

Approximate Cost of Paper. —Preparation, not given ; printing (700 copies, including illustrations), £84.

Authority : Marcus W. Marks, Government Printer, Wellington.—l9l9,

Price Is. 6d.]

Ages, in Years. 4 Months ! 6 Momhs . ! I2 Months, and under. IS Months, j iS Months. 2 Years. 2$ Years. , 3 Years. Totals. 10 and under 15 15 ,, 20 20 ,, 25 25 .. 3° 3° .. 4° 40 .. 5° 5° „ 7° 1 1 3 5 21 I IO 1 3 2 13 6 4 3 I 28 15 14 7 6 2 i 2 15 7 2 6 3 5 7.3 37 21 33 17 6 3 2 __; L_ I —,—, —.—,1 —, ,. Totals 2 9 50 '4 72 i 35 192