DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND SURVEY. SURVEYS (ANNUAL REPORT ON).

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1916 Session I, C-01a

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1916. NEW ZEALAND

DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND SURVEY. SURVEYS (ANNUAL REPORT ON).

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

CONTENTS. * General Report— I'afie I Tables— I'ago Principal Survey-work performed during the Year, Table 1. -Return of Field-work executed by Head with Tables .. .. .. 1 Offioe Staff .. .. .. 4 Triangulation .. .. .. ..2 Table 2.-Return of Field-work executed by Staff Standard Surveys .. .. .. .. 3 and Contract Surveyors on Lands adSettlement Surveys .. .. .. .. 3 ministered by Lands and Survey DeNative Surveys .. .. .. .. 3 partment .. .. .. .. 5 Gold-mining Surveys .. .. .. ..3 Table 3. -Return of Field-work executed by Staff Inspection of Surveys.. .. .. ..8 and Contract Surveyors on Lands adProposed Operations for Year 1916-17 .. .3 ministered by other Departments .. 6 Draughting Staff .. .. .. .3 Table 4.—Return showing Surveyors employed and Surveyors' Board .. .. .. .. 4 Work on Hand .. .. .. 7 Tidal Survey .. .. .. .. ..4 Table s.—Office-work dono during the Year .. 7 Magnetic Observatory .. .. .. 4 Maps— ./General .. .. .. .. 4 Map of Anzac .. • .. .. .. At end. Appendix I— Map showing State of Public Surveys, North Magnetic Observatory—Report of Director .. 7 Island Appendix ll— Map showing State of Public Surveys, South The Map of Anzac .. .. .. 8 Island

The Burveyor-Gbhrral to the Right Hon. the Mihibthb of Lands. Sir,— Ist May, 1916. I havr the honour to present herewith the repoii on survey operations for the year ended .'Slst March, 1916. I have, &0., E. H. W'n.MOT, Surveyor-General. The Bight Hon. W. !•'. Massey, P.C., Minister ol' I.amis.

REPORT. As in last war's report, so in this. I shall presenl only the general position m the work performed during the rear and that now on hami, leaving details to be Found in the various tables accompanying. The acreage surveyed is very considerably in excess of thai of last year, while the cost per acre is in almost every class of work much lower. This satisfactory position is accounted for partly by the more favourable weather-conditions during last year, and partly by the inclusion iv the returns of large areas of pastoral country that were subdivided for settlement in Otago. It is, however, particularly creditable in view of the inconvenienoe the surveyors were put to by reason of so many survey hands enlisting.

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A summary of the survey work executed during- the year is given in the following tables : —

Till ANGULATION. Not much of this class of work has been done during the year. With respect to the secondary triangulation, it was hoped that better progress would, have been made this year than heretofore, but at the beginning of the year it was impossible to spare from settlement surveys suitable surveyors for this class of work, and later, owing l to the urgent need of the strictest economy during war-time, it was decided to hold this work in abeyance. The completion of the observations for connecting the Wairarapa base with the initial station (Mount Cook) was nevertheless effected, and this gives data for oomputing and readjusting the co-ordinate values of a large proportion of the minor triangulation stations in the Wellington District and for connecting several suburban standard surveys with the initial station. In the Auckland District a few signals were built, but no observations taken. The necessary computations were made in connection with the observations for- azimuth completed last year. In minor triangulation the only work done has been that absolutely necessary for the control of settlement surveys, and it included the revision of portions of old triangulation work which had been found not to be up to the standard of accuracy required in modern surveys.

Table 1 Class of Work. Area. Average (Jos per Acre. Average (Jost per Acre. >si St Total Cost. Acres. Triangulation, by staff surveyors .. .. .. 178,353 Topographical, by staff surveyors .. .. 311.985 Rural, by staff surveyors .. .. .. 805,134 Rural, by licensed surveyors .. .. .. 57,794 Rural, by licensed surveyors (costs not available) ..' 24,245 Village and suburban, by staff survej'ors . . .. I .920 Village and suburban, by licensed surveyors .. 23-25 Village and suburban, by licensed surveyors (costs not 20 available) Town, by staff surveyors .. .. .. 618 (in 650 sections) Town, by licensed surveyors .. .. .. 160 (in 34 sections) Town, by licensed surveyors (paid by applicants) .. 54 Native Land Court, by staff surveyors .. .. 79,354 Native Land Court, by licensed surveyors . . .. 302.355 Native Land Court, by licensed surveyors (paid by 18.275 applicants) Maori Land Board, by staff surveyors .. .. 4,460 Mining, by staff surveyors .. .. .. 90 Mining, by licensed surveyors (paid by applicants) .. 2.561 Roads, by staff surveyors . . . . . . 405 miles Roads, by licensed surveyors . * .. .. 20 ,, Roads, by licensed surveyors (costs not available) .. 105-41 miles ()-97d. l-77d. 0-95s. I -33s. £ i. d. 723 4 1 2.297 13 10 38.432 15 2 3.845 9 6 7-12s. I7-25s. 683 17 3 i 20. I 0 27-18s.* 883 9 4 5) 56-OOs.* I 95 0 0 r IL2d. l7-09d. 4,693 16 II 21 .531 3 2 26-37d. 3-01 s. 190 I 3 13 11 1 E17-23t ! CI7-4 f 6.985 14 0 348 0 5 I ■■ * Per section. f P° r mile. Table B. Land District. Rural Surveys. , Native Land Court Surveys. i: - ! <» Aptipij Auckland .. .. .. 159,768 Hawke's Bay .. .". .. 76,188 Taranaki "'.. ,. .. 10.652 Wellington .. .. .. 23,945 Nelson .. .. .. .. 58,413 Marlborough .. .. .. 18,022 Westland .. .. .. 8.904 Canterbury .. .. 48.852 Otago .. .. .. .. 469.387 Southland .. .. .. 13.012 Acres. 170,333 143,020 31.750* 58.383 735 63 160 I Totals .. .. .. 887. 173 101.444 * Includes 4,460 acres Maori Land Board.

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Standaud Surveys. Only such work as was very urgently required was proceeded with. It comprised the standard surveys of Auckland. Dunedin, Napier and surrounding district, VogeltOwn, and Patea. The cost of town standard surveys is partly borne by the local bodies concerned, these surveys forming the basis for municipal building-lines and municipal surveys generally. In the case of Vogeltown the survey was made partly as a preliminary to a revision of the original subdivision survey, which was found to be extremely faulty. I bad hoped, as proposed in my report last year, to have given more attention to this class of work by increasing the staff and providing more appliances, but here again the call for economy on account of the war has acted adversely. Settlement Surveys. Under the heading of " Rural Surveys," in Table A, 887,163 acres are returned as having been surveyed during the year. Table B shows the apportionment into the various districts. The average cost of this class of survey for the past year is slightly less than Is. per acre. Native Surveys. During the year staff surveyors completed the survey of 83,814 acres, while licensed surveyors accounted for 320,630 acres. Table B shows the allocation of these surveys between the land districts. Gold-mining Surveys. Applications were surveyed aggregating 2,651 acres. Nearly the whole of this was in Westland. The cost of these surveys cannot be properly arrived at. the fees being paid by the applicants. Inspections. The inspections of field-work made from time to time show generally that a fair standard of work is maintained. I regret to say, however, that in a small percentage of cases the work has been shown to be very bad. Measures are being taken to ensure that the surveyors in fault shall be brought to book. Proposkd Operations, 1916-17. Triangulation-,. —Only such minor triangulation as may be required for the control of settlement surveys will be proceeded with. This will be principally in Hawke's Bay District. Standard Surveys. —Work, which will occupy the year, will be the continuation of the survey of Auckland (Remuera, Grey Lynn, and Arch Hill); survey of Napier and surrounding district (probably Hastings also); rural standard traverse near Feilding, and probably in Canterbury; survey of Dunedin (Mornington and Bay Town). This work is absolutely necessary, and, as already pointed out, the cost will be partly borne by the local bodies concerned. Settlement Surveys.- —At the close of the year there were in the hands of the staff and temporary surveyors 820,543 acres of settlement lands and 83,8751 acres of Native lands, while in the hands of private surveyors there were respectively 9,470 acres and 315,624 acres. There were also 13,346 acres of rural lands and 3,97(1 acres of Native lands on hand, but not allocated to any surveyor. There is also in view the survey of areas totalling about 120,000 acres, mostly ""*m Auckland and Hawke's Bay Districts, which will be put in hand as opportunity offers. The distribution of this is shown in Table 4. The field-work of a large amount of this either has been completed or will be completed before the end of June, and the mapping will be done during July and August, when the surveyors, or as many as it is advisable to call in, will be in office for the winter recess. Draughting Staff. The number of officers enlisting has put a heavy strain on the staffs of all the offices, and were it not that in some classes of work there has been a falling-off it would have been impossible with the present staffing to have kept the work up. In the Head Office there has been an unusual amount of work, for other Departments, principally in connection with agricultural statistics and census returns, beyond which little more than routine work could be overtaken. The publication of two important maps—that of New Zealand and that of Wellington City and suburbs, both of which are ready for the printer—has been delayed owing to the shortage of paper, but it is hoped that a small edition of the latter will be issued in May or June. For the same reason the publication of Dr. Coleridge Farr's " Magnetic Survey of New Zealand,'' advanced copies of which were already out, has been stopped, but will proceed shortly. On account of this shortage of paper a number of the usual appendices to this report — e.g., reports of Chief Surveyors, report of Magnetic Observatory, &c. —will not be published herewith, but some will be printed as separate papers sit a later date. A map and its description of the " Anzac " portion of Gallipoli Peninsula is, however, included as a piece of historical record. In order that draughtsmen and computers may feel encouraged to make themselves as profioient as possible it is proposed that certificates of competency shall lie issued to those attaining a certain standard of efficiency, and to this end an examination was held during the year. Only three candidates, however, sat, none of whom passed the whole examination. It is considered advisable to amend the syllabus and to provide for separate certificates for draughting and computing. This is now receiving attention. Of late years it has been found necessary in order to cope with the work to employ a considerable number of temporary men. This not being quite satisfactory it was decided to augment the draughting staff by taking on a number of cadets, so that the Department may have

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draughtsmen coining on who have been properly trained, and to ensure that these cadets shall have an aptitude for the work examinations have been held, and a number of applicants who passed have been appointed. Surveyors' Board. The Board's examinations were held as usual, a feature of them this year being the sitting of young men who had enlisted and were therefore allowed to take a partial examination prior to the completion of the terms of their articles. At the September examinations twenty-one candidates sat, of whom live passed, ami at the March examination ten sat and three passed. The members of the new Board appointed for 1916 are Messrs. Thomas Humphries and R. T. Sadd, Government nominees; Messrs. 11. Sladden and J. ('. Simmonds. Institute nominees; and myself ex officio. TiUAL Suitvuy. In the absence of the Chief Computer, Dr. C. E. Adams, this work has been carried on by Messrs. T. (!. Gillespie and .1. .1. Hay, and consisted of the prediction of the times of higli water for the ports of Wellington and Auckland for 1917. A fresh analysis has been made for the former port, and during the coming year a fresh one will be made for the latter. These will be used for the predictions for 1918. Magnetic Obbbrvatohy. The work of the Observatory has been efficiently carried on by Mr. 11. Skew His full report, with illustrative diagrams and seismic records, will be published as a separate paper instead of an appendix hereto, as has been the custom. Genmhal. During the year there have been many changes in the personnel and arrangement of the staff caused by deaths, retirements, and enlistments. In last year's report I gave the names of those surveyors, cadets, and draughtsmen who had enlisted. During the year now ended the following have also enlisted: Staff surveyors —C. Kenny, R. I<\ W. Mackenzie, \V. Paora, S. Parkinson; temporary surveyors —A. T. Leeds and C. K. Robinson ; survey cadets—M. H. B. Burrell, T. S. McMillan, T. S. Roe, and J. C. Thomson; draughtsmen—lL C. Caiman, R. J. Crawford, V. A. A. Field, A. I). Folley, 11. D. Henderson, ■!. A. Montgomerie, I!. V. Parker, J. Pegram, l<\ C. O'Reilly; draughting cadets —J. D. Clapperton, J. C. O'Hara, and T. 0. Phillips; temporary draughtsmen—C. C. Best, S. 0. Esam, M. W. Hawortb, A. I. McConnell, K. J. Miller, W. Rochfort, A. C. M. Siceley, A. Turner. 1 regret to have to report that three very promising young surveyors have been killed —viz., V. Blake, G. I'irrit, and YV. I>. de L. Willis —as also three very efficient draughtsmen—viz., G, J. B. Cairnic, K. A. Ingram, and H. B. Bandrup—and draughting cadet H. L. Wake. The loss of these officers is much felt. The Depart ment has also lost by death Mr. John Langmuir, Inspector of Surveys, and Mr. Henry Mackay, Chief Draughtsman. Special mention of these highly esteemed officers is made in the general report submitted by the Under-Secretary, as also of other officers who have retired. Although the lists for the .'list March, 1916, show the strength of the field staff to be eightyfour officers, there will actually be only sixty-two available at the beginning of the incoming year. They comprise two Inspectors, forty-one staff surveyors, two assistants, eleven temporary surveyors, and six cadets; and of these one staff and one temporary surveyor have been granted leave to join the Expeditionary Forces. The position now is that in all districts only the more urgent work can be put through, while less important work, though necessary, must be held in abeyance. The way in which the work both in the field and in the office has been kept up as well as it has been reflects credit on all the officers, and I am pleased lo have the opportunity of bringing this under your notice.

Table 1. —Return of Field-work executed by Head Office Staff.

From 1st April, 1915, to 31st March, 1916. 1st are. , 1916. Minor Town Standard Rural Standard T f . Triangulation. Surveys. Surveys. inspections. Secondary M 7 Laud District. Triangulation «fSJ5i2Sw. otl (008t) -' Area Total Miles CoBt Miles Cost Surveyors. Area - Cost. Mlles - per Mile. MlIes - per Mile. Staff. Private. ~ r ~~I £ s. d. £ £ j uckland .. 659 4 11 .. .. 13-60 47-30 .. .. .. .. 2] Wellington .. 765 13 10 .. .. 51 25 36-62 .. .. .. 4 2! „ .. i .. .. .. 7-60 31-70 ..' .. .. .. 3( ; ._i_J_ I , ; !__ * The secondary triangulation work having been stopped, the cost of the year's work to date is inserted here. Town Standard Rural Standard t„«„„»h-__ Surveys. Surveys. Inspections. Number Miles CoBt Miles Cost °t Surveyors. miles - per Mile. M1Ies - per Mile. Staff. Private. 18'60 5125 7-60 47-30 , .. 36-62 31-70 £ s. d. 214 0 0 4 236 3 0 301 4 6 Other Work.

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Table 2. —Return of Field-work executed by Staff and Contract Surveyors on Lands administered by Lands and Survey Department from 1st April, 1915, to 31st March, 1916.

I I I Minor Triangulation. Topography. Rural. Village aud Suburban. Town. Roads, &c. Land District. Acres. CD . -w 5 Acres. a ft* Acres. += a Acres. «S «5 Acres. iga Other Work S a lcost) - H Miles. Cost per x o Mile. o o OX Total Cost of completed Work from 1st April, 1915. to 31st March. 1916. d. 1-70 d. 300 145,212 s. 2 00 135 31 s. 13-60 16 50 16-50 25-39 4-40 8-85 700 2-04 4-33 s. £ £ s. d. 4780 316 3120 172-25 j 19-32 1,272 17 6 69-5 171 15-95 32-96 I 19-45 421 13 7 46.5 135 3180 I 19-00 j 29-56 238 1 6 791 II 9 110 32 54-44 \ 31-83 32-36 136 0 11 68 16 11 100 i 1300 74 10 0 40 1.5 10-00 33-50 18-31 286 12 6 169-0 15 52-60 88-35 j 5-70 4,341 16 3 23-97 i 9-98 .547 17 4 £ s. d. 21,557 14 3 Auckland 37,863 106,345 Hawke's Bay .. 45,000 0-54 ! 5,300 0-28 76,188 1-21 5,934 13 7 Taranaki 10,652 2-70 326 85 2,720 7 3 Wellington 23,945 310 141 14 4,618 18 7 Nelson 53,390 1-06 119,700 0-88 | 58,413 2-20 24 12 8,390 14 9 Marlborough 8,708 2-24 67 1 1,059 1 4 Westland 8,500 3,720 2-60 8,904 3 20 41 | 4 1,611 9 8 Canterbury 100 ■ 48,125 0-95 43 4 3,221 3 8 Otago 24,000 0-30 68,420 1-40 j 469,387 0-21 931 41 10,432 II 1 Southland 18,100 100 .. | 12.085 2-50 215 15 2,422 4 1 Means and totals I 0-97 77 861,619 I 0-98 1,923 178,353 311,985 1-77 207 710 778-0 684 28-64 j 402-86 17-22 j 8,179 18 3 61,968 18 3 Licensed surveyors (paid by applicants) 14,556 .. 876,175 Totals i I I

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Table 3. —Return of Field-work executed by Staff and Contract Surveyors on Lands administered by other Departments from 1st April, 1915, to 31st March, 1916.

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Rural. Village and Suburban. Town. Roads. Native-land Survey. „(„;„„ y. Mining. Other Work o q6 u (cost). +j |3 Acres. ■ ■?, 5 += o ° Mining. Total Cost of completed Work from 1st April. 1915, to 31st March. 1916. _.- Land District. ft © Acres. o £ O Acres. °« to So co 5™ J ©S ftc Acres. I © Cost per Mile. Acres. O (fi u , a Boo-g I Auckland s. S. £ d. 16-50 £ s. d. £ s. d. 2,053 9 3 12,656 11 0 s. s. s. . . I 153,894* 1,296 Hawke's Bay •- 143,020*1 751 16-91 82 18 7 10,160 7 5 Taranaki 2-25 21-00 (25.454* 1 4,460f 68 4 10-26 26-37 I 112 3 2 1,737 17 1 Wellington 610 25-71 j 58,383* 345 17-85 19 7 3 4,517 13 4 Nelson • • 15 16 0 1.5 16 0 22 18 6 77 10 6 Marlborough .. 735* 6 17-80 Westland •• •■ 11 00 .. •• Canterbury 727 1-9-727 1-94 .. . 1581 5-60 63* 160* 8 96-80 9 10| 278 18 10 Otago 3-00J 1 90 1 3-01 I 18 16 7 49 1 8 Southland 582 1-8 582 1-87 20 1 6-40 .. 3 51-93 83 15 10 ' 179 7 7 Means and totals 1,309 1-9 1,309 1-91 20 1 6-40 22-35 18-00 ! 386,169 2,481 16-60 78 2,559 j .. 90 1 3-0 3 01 2,418 6 2 j 29,673 3 9,689 20 . * < -• 54 •• 105-41 .. 18,275 2,561 14 Licensed surveyors (paid by applicants) Totals 10,998 40 5 54 127-76 404,444 2,651 15 I I : I * Native Land Court. t Maori Land Board. t Water-race.

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Table 4. —Return showing Surveyors employed and the Work on Hand on 1st April, 1916.

Table 5. —Principal Glasses of Office-work done from 1st April, 1915, to 31st March, 1916.

APPENDIX I.—THE MAGNETIC OBSERVATORY. The Director states that during the year the Adie magnetographs at the Magnetic Observatory at Christchurch have been kept in continuous operation. From the resulting daily magnetograms there have been calculated an uninterrupted series of actual hourly values ol' tin l magnetic declination of every hour of the year. A similar series of hourly values of tin- horizontal magnetic force has also been calculated, with the exception of the Greenwich hours 10 h. lo L 5 h, and 17 h. to 23h. on the 17tli June. On this day the greatest magnetic storm of the year occurred, and unfortunately between the hours mentioned the horizontal force diminished so muoh that it was beyond the range of the instrument. The mean values of the magnetic declination lor the year is l(i° 17' E. of X.. and of the horizontal force O'22.'SS7 C.G.S. unit. Throughout the year the Milne seismograph lias been kept in continuous operation, and a large number of valuable records of earthquakes has been obtained. The work of developing records alone has been of considerable magnitude. The usual daily meteorological readings have been made and published for public information ; also the self-recording meteorological instruments have been successfully operated, Two especially important events in the history of this Observatory have occurred recently. The first is the visit to Lyttelton of the "Carnegie," the ocean magnetic surveying-vessel of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. This vessel, under tin- command of Captain J. P. Ault, arrived at Lyttelton mi the 3rd November. 1915, and sailed for a ci reuinpolnr cruise on the 6th December. During the visit an arduous bill valuable comparison was made between the Observatory standards and those of the Carnegie Institution, with ivsults not differing greatly from those obtained before during the visit of the " Galilee " in 1908. The " Carnegie " returned

Surveyors employed. Work on Hand. Chief Surveyors. i I H. M. Skeet .. ! W. H. Skinner .. G. H. Bullard .. G. H. M. MeClure P. A. Thompson .. H. G. Prioe W. P. Marsh C. R. Pollen R. T. Sadd H. D. M. Haszard Staff. T ™™°" ! Contract. ,' Land District. Trig. !?!??" Town. land Surrary. merit. yey i Bq. Mis. ! Acres. Acres. Acres. 13 5 47 Auckland .. .. * 189,406 44 261,557 6 1 12 Hawke's Bn,v .. 79,047 .. j 40,646 3 17 Taranaki .. 42 61,160 .. I 51,199 8 .. 9 Wellington .. .. 13,138 .. 46,097 4 1 1 Nelson .. .. 62,290 1 1 Marlborough I .. 5,906 1 1 Westland ..I .. 27,684 .. 3,970 2 1 .. Canterbury .. .. 69,698' 5 .. .. Otago .. .. 312,600 4 .. .. Southland .. .. 22,630 Roads. Miles. 337-0 9-0 16-0 7'8 29 5 Total staff surveyors Total staff surveyors 40 1.1 78 .'. 42 . 943,559 44 403,469 - Includes 1,500 acres topographical. 40 44 403,469 399 0 399 0

District. Plans placed on Insi of Title. ■d H a 1 9 m © m 8-S £ aj 3 R 3 " I I I auinoiits i o 1 i a> © °» 91 | J to 1 5i •3 og 1 =1 E | Maps drawn. CO n 1 II % 8 g \_ ■a ,a a Lithos sold. A (fi o I Auckland Hawke's Bay Taranaki Wellington] Nelson Marlborough Wostland Canterbury Otago Southland 1,755 3,224 184 2,529 302 I ,038 410 4,241 643 480 219 362 358 110 326 3,189 343 1,121 279 1,181 5,374 1,179 268 I ,289 2 204 142 5,340 844 49 2,275 185 1,861 582 154 219 267 446 410 243 410 84 209 69 3 307 173 343 109 469 216 2 26 5 16 16 94 20 3 3 4 13 2 42 1 41 £ s. d. 3,500 180 4 7 33 14 6 18 i 16 14 7 4 5 3 27 15 7 5 8 (I 19 !> 0 15 3 3 530 86 4 2 31 6 2 2,084 556 387 1 Totals 4,819 17,475 17,475 8,459 11,720 4,093 2,265 33 471 4,048 400 5 I

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to Lyttelton from her long and very successful cruise on the Ist April, 1916, and her scientific staff immediately set about the necessary redetermination of instrumental constants at the Observatory. At this they were still busily engaged at the end of April. Valuable time-signals have been received from the Hector Observatory through the courtesy of the Department of Telegraphs of especial value to the work of the vessel. The second event of great importance was the addition of sutlicient insulation to the magneto-graph-liouse at the Amberley sub-station, to enable the Eschenhagen magnetographs there to be put into continuous operation. The scientific value of this cannot be Overestimated. Continuous records free from disturbances have been obtained from these instruments since' the 17th February, 1916, under the care of the assistant in charge, Mr. I{. H. Symington. An acknowledgment must also be made of the valuable services of Mr. Thomas Malien. assistant at the Observatory. The detailed report of the Director, Mr. H. F. Skey, is published separately. It contains the tables of hourly values of the magnetic elements, tables of earthquakes recorded, reproductions of the principal magnetograms and seismogranis, and vector and other diagrams of the diurnal magnetic variations for tile seasons and months of the year 1915. The publication of the Magnetic Survey of New Zealand by the Department is an event towards which this Observatory has contributed not a little, in spite of its shortness in staff. In the course of March last Mr. William 0. Parkinson, a magnetic observer of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, C.1.W., made observations at a number of repeat stations occupied in the course of our magnetic survey. His provisional results yield values of the annual change agreeing very consistently with the values obtained previously by our Department. ITknhy F. Skky Director.

APPENDIX II.—THE MAP OF ANZAC. Now that the war operations at the Gallipoli Peninsula have been concluded it seems an appropriate time to record in our annual volume a memento, congruous with our function in the Government, in the shape of a map of Anzac, to mark our participation as a Department in the deeds of our soldiers there. The word " Anzac " (meaning " Australian and New Zealand Army Corps ") is now a household word throughout the Empire, and will always be associated with the thought of great deeds done by Australian and New Zealand troops on Gallipoli Peninsula. The following notes will serve to illustrate the attached plan, which was prepared from information supplied by Private Waldo Thompson, of the Napier staff, who was present at the landing on the 25th April, 1915, and saw four months' service in the ensuing operations. The portion called "Anzac" is contained by the New Zealand trenches and the Australian trenches as shown, from Fisherman's Hut to Gaba Tepe Point. The area is only about 1,000 acres, and the widest part from the front, trenches to the sea is only about 1,100 yards, while the distance along the sea-front is about three miles. In this area of hills and scrubby gullies the Australians and New-Zealanders held out against '«*■ greatly superior Turkish forces, which periodically made desperate attempts to dislodge the colonials from their positions and drive them into the sea. The Australians from the 25th April to the 6th August repulsed, with great slaughter to the Turks, all attempts to break the front line, which, had it occurred, would have undoubtedly meant the loss of the whole position. The whole of Anzac lay exposed as a bird's-eye view to the Turks, who held all the higher ground inland, and consequently were able to keep up a relentless bombardment on the heroic defenders. All the positions shown on the map, such as Steele's Post, Courtney's Post, Quinn's Post, Pope's Post, Walker's Ridge, Plugg's Plateau. &0., were named out of regard to the ollirers who were instrumental in seizing the positions in the initial rushes from the landing, and who in many cases lost their lives. The Lonesome Pine position was named because of a single tree which marked the spot, and is famous because of the skilful way it was captured from the Turks by the Australians. The Chessboard is so named from the series of Turkish trenches which seamed the western slopes of Sari Mair ridge. Table Top was the position of the Turkish trenches on the ninth, and was a low Hat ridge. Shrapnel Cully was the main, means of communication between the beach and the front trenches, and received its name because of the amount of shrapnel shell thrown into it by the Turkish artillery, which was aware of ils importance to our troops. Practically all movement from one place to another had to be done along bio- ~u t s or saps, and these provided a degree of safety from the incessant shell and rifle lire. Mosl movement was done under cover of night. Bathing on the beach near the piers was the only recreation, but this involved the risk of bring hit by the Turkish artillery, which was able to enfilade the beach from Anafarta Ridge on the north and from below Gaba Tepe Point. Very heavy casualties weir caused by this shell-lire, which tried continuously to smash up the accumulated stores of rations, many hundreds of our men losing their lives here. As the Australians and New-Zealanders did not have enough men to aitompt an advance, an Army Corps (40,000) of " Kitchener's Army " under General StOpford, was sent from England to assist in a forward movement. This force on the night of the 6th August made a surprise landing in Sulva Hay, and on the same night the New-Zealanders assaulted and captured the

MAP OF ANZAC AND THE SUVLA BAY AREA, GALLIPOLI PENINSULA, TO ILLUSTRATE OPERATIONS CARRIED OUT DURING THE CAMPAIGN OF 1915.

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Turkish positions on Table Top, and, moving quickly up Chailak Dere (which was a dry creekbed), took up a position on Rhododendron Spur. This position was firmly held by midday on the 7th, and a further advance was made to try and take Hill 971, which was the key to the Turkish positions. Desperate assaults were made by the New-Zealanders to seize the top of the hill, but owing to the fact that the British troops from Suvla Bay were unable to press forward far enough towards Bujuk Anafarta and Kuchuk Anafarta and thereby protect the left flank, the NewZealanders had to retire to Rhododendron Spur, leaving the Turks masters of the main position. It was in this furious fighting that the New-Zealanders suffered such serious losses. Numberless heroic deeds were enacted, and some were recognized and rewarded. One of these was that of Corporal Skinner (son of the Chief Surveyor, Napier), who carried urgent messages under heavy fire and received the D.C.M. The inability of the Suvla Pay force to push forward and cut the Turkish roads of communication nullified the great efforts made by the Australians and New-Zealanders, and as a result of this failure the whole force evacuated the peninsula, without loss, during December, 1915. Thus ended what will go down in history as one of the most trying pieces of work that ever troops were asked to do, and in the execution of which a new standard of valour was set by the brilliant Australian, New Zealand, and British troops, repeating again almost within sight of Troy those famous deeds which still echo down the corridors of history from the far-off days of Greek and Trojan heroes. As will be seen by the notices in last year's report and in the present one, these far-off scrub-covered ridges and gullies overlooking the Aegean Sea have entered with those of our own country into the inner life of our Department, having become the last resting-place of many of our most promising young officers; others also from our field parties exchanged the labour of our survey lines in New' Zealand forest, scrub, and tussock for rifle and trenching-tool in Gallipoli trenches, never again to return. Haere, haere, haere!

Approximate Cost of Paper. —Preparation, not given ; printing (1,300 copies), including maps, £17.

Authority : Marcus F. Mabks, Government Printer. Wellington.—l9l6.

Price 6d.)

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C.-1*

NORTH ISLAND (TE IKA-A-MAUI) NEW ZEALAND Showing the State of Public Surveys, 1916.

C-15

SOUTH ISLAND (TE WAI-POUNAMU) NEW ZEALAND Showing the State of Public Surveys, 1916.