DEFENCE FORCES OF NEW ZEALAND (REPORT OF THE GENERAL OFFICER COMMANDING THE FORCES FOR THE PERIOD FROM 28th JUNE, 1912, TO 20th JUNE, 1913).

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1913 Session I, H-19

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1913. NEW ZEALAND.

DEFENCE FORCES OF NEW ZEALAND (REPORT OF THE GENERAL OFFICER COMMANDING THE FORCES FOR THE PERIOD FROM 28th JUNE, 1912, TO 20th JUNE, 1913).

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

To the Hon. the Minister of Defence. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the Forces under my command from the date of my last year's report to my departure for England to attend the Home manoeuvres, on the 20th June, 1913. I am glad to report that very great interest has been taken during the past year by all classes of the community in their citizen Army, and valuable assistance has been given to the military authorities in many ways in regard to the establishment of the scheme; also much substantial help in the direction of prizes for efficiency and contributions towards the comforts and recreation of both Territorials and Senior Cadets. Many citizens have become honorary members of the Territorial Force, and an institution has been formed called the Honorary Territorials, which I think is most valuable as a means of ensuring the closest possible touch between the citizens and their Army. 1. Efficiency of the Forces to take the Field. With regard to the remarks in my last year's report as regards the efficiency of the Forces to take the field, I have the honour to state that 18,687 officers and men have now been trained at an annual camp (17,8.'U of them for two years), and have performed the number of parades and drills required throughout the year (some by means of extra time in camp); that these officers and men have now all a rudimentary knowledge of field training; that 15,852 of them have fired at least one course of musketry (some have done more); and that, in case of emergency, it would be possible to augment the units from the ex Volunteers and ex South African Contingenters by about 2,500 specially selected officers and men who have all had some experience of soldiering, and thus place about 21,000 men in the field. Their efficiency to meet a possible enemy must be measured by the amount of training they have received. The most has been made of the time. The organization in which they would take the field is complete and satisfactory; the camps for the year have to a great extent been held in the higher organizations; the supply of rifles, ammunition, and personal equipment is adequate and satisfactory; and the only serious deficiencies as regards materiel would Be transport, which has not yet been organized and which would have to be improvised locally, and certain items of technical equipment and stores. Eight batteries of up-to-date modern artillery would be available. In 1909 the Inspector-General of the Forces reported as follows : "I am quite confident that I am well within the mark in saying that not more than a total of 5,000 officers and men of the Field Force have done any work in the field in daylight during the year." 2. Headquarters Staff. I have thought it advisable to categorize the functions performed by each section of the Army Headquarters Staff, to state the number of officers employed in each section, and to review the matters on which I have to report to you under the various sections which have to deal with them, and for which they are responsible to me.

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3. District Staffs. In addition to the Headquarters Staff of the army, a small Permanent Staff of eight officers is maintained at the headquarters of each of the four military districts. It consists of an Officer Commanding; an officer of the General Staff (who deals with all matters in connection with the training of the Forces in the district); an Administrative Officer (who deals with all matters conected with the administration of the district); Instructors in Mounted, Infantry, and. Musketry duties respectively; a District Accountant; and a District Storekeeper. 4. Area-group Officers and Adjutants. Each military district is again subdivided into four (in two cases five) subdistricts or area groups, each under command of an officer of the N.Z. Staff Corps, as recommended by Lord Kitchener, and each regiment of Mounted Rifles, brigade or division of Artillery, and battalion of Infantry has a permanent Adjutant. In order to provide Musketry Instructors, and to do away with the duplication of the duties of Area Group Officer and Adjutant, which had hitherto been done by one individual —a system which it was found impossible to continue—eleven warrant and non-commissioned officers have been promoted, by competitive examination, from the ranks, and have been appointed either Musketry Instructors or Adjutants to Territorial Units. The Group Officers are now practically in the position of Officers Commanding a subdistrict in each of the four military districts, and are in all cases senior to the Adjutants of the Mounted Rifle and Infantry Regiments drawn from their group. The organization and administration of the Forces will be thereby much assisted, and the Group Officer, being freed from Adjutant's duties, will be better able to devote his attention to the posting, transfers, &c, of all men in the group, to the training and instruction of the Cadets and Rifle Clubs, and the general control of his group. The headquarters of the Group Officers and Adjutants are, as far as possible, in the same place, thus minimizing the amount of correspondence necessary between them. 5. Appointments to the New Zealand Staff Corps. By these promotions the strength of the New Zealand Staff Corps has been raised to seventyfour, but the warrant and N.C.O.s promoted are of such an age that there is no risk of their blocking the promotion of the Cadets now at the Royal Australian Military College, or of blocking the supply of candidates for the College necessary to fill the eventual establishment of 100. It was impossible to continue working so short-handed as regards permanent officers, though every effort was made to do so, and we have still a duplication of many duties, not a single spare officer to replace a casualty, and some units without Adjutants. In this connection I would again bring to your special notice the loyalty and devotion to duty which has characterized the work of these Staff Corps officers, and the warrant and N.C.O.s of the Permanent Staff throughout the year. In face of many difficulties and discouragements, they have worked cheerfully and unceasingly to make a success of the scheme of universal training. 6. Inspection of the Forces. The duties of Inspector-General of the Forces are performed by me, assisted, as regards drillhalls, Rifle Clubs, and rifle ranges, by an officer of the Reserve. 7. Appointments, etc., of Officers. (a.) The Assistant Military Secretary (my personal Staff Officer), besides helping me with my correspondence and general and confidential duties, and having to accompany me on tours of inspection and make all arrangements for them, is responsible for the records of all officers; confidential reports on officers; appointments, promotions, resignations, and retirements pf officers, and preparation of notices for the Gazette in connection with the above. The number of appointments, promotions, &c, dealt with during the year will be found in Appendix D. The principal appointments which have been made during the year are as follows : — His Excellency the Earl of Liverpool, K.C.M.G., M.V.0., has been appointed Honorary Colonel of the 11th (Taranaki) Rifles. Colonel E. S. Heard, p.s.c, Imperial General Staff, has been appointed Chief of the General Staff. Major (temporary Lieut.-Colonel) J. K. Cochrane, p.s.c., Imperial General Staff, has been appointed Director of Military Operations, vice Major J. T. Burnett-Stuart, D.5.0., Rifle Brigade (" The Prince Consort's Own "), who was obliged to resign the appointment and return to England on account of ill health. Major (temporary Lieut.-Colonel) Hon. R. H. Collins, D.5.0., p.s.c, Imperial General Staff, has been appointed to carry out the duties of Adjutant-General to the Forces during the absence from the Dominion of Colonel Robin. Lieut.-Colonel (temporary Colonel) G. C. B. Wolfe, Reserve of Officers, has been appointed Inspector of Rifle Clubs, Drill-halls, and Rifle Ranges. There have been no changes in the commands of districts. (b.) It has been decided definitely to establish the principle of appointment of officers from the ranks only, and for this purpose a competitive examination of N.C.O.s for commissions has been instituted. The examination will be both written and practical. Detailed conditions have been published.

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8. The Necessity for an Adequate Staff. It must be remembered that the army is on a very different footing from that on which it was before the introduction of universal training. We have now to arrange to deal with citizen Forces the strength of which will shortly be 30,000 Territorials, 40,000 Senior Cadets, and 25,000 members of Rifle Clubs, as against some 10,000 Volunteers, 3,000 Defence Cadets, and 3,000 Rifle Club men in the Volunteer days. Further, plans for an Expeditionary Force, for the defence of the Dominion, for mobilization, for coast defence, for mapping and reconnaissance of the Dominion, for examination and education of officers, for manoeuvres, schools of instruction, camps, staff tours, &c, have been undertaken on a scale never before attempted, and the instruction and organization of the Forces has been carried into remote parts of the Dominion which were not touched under the old scheme. The provision of arms, equipment, clothing, and materiel of all kinds has been quadrupled; wireless, aviation, and many other things which before had not to be thought of now demand our attention; and the advance of military science, and the demands which it now makes upon officers make it impossible that an army can hope to hold its own, or to meet a possible enemy, without being efficiently trained and administered by an adequate staff. Prior to the introduction of the scheme of universal training little or no attempt had been made to establish the organization necessary to enable the Forces to take the field. This (with the exception of transport) has now been done, and, as in any other business, demands an adequate staff to maintain it. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, Alex. J. Godley, Major-General, Wellington, 20th June, 1913. Commanding New Zealand Forces. SECTION I.— THE DOMINION SECTION OF THE IMPERIAL GENERAL STAFF (FIVE OFFICERS). The Chief of the General Staff and Director of Staff Duties and Military Training. A representative at the Headquarters of the Imperial General Staff, War Office, London. The Director of Military Operations. Two subordinate officers attached to the General Staff. This section is responsible for information about the Dominion and neighbouring countries; preparation of plans for local defence and strategical distribution of the Forces; Expeditionary Force; mapping and reconnaissance of the Dominion; war establishments and war organization; application of the principles laid down in the "Field Service Regulations"; intelligence duties; Staff tours; plans for mobilization; Staff organization; record of officers suitable for Staff employ; instruction and training of the Military Forces for war on the lines laid down in the " Field Service Regulations"; education and examination of officers; training-manuals; arrangements for the examination of candidates for the British Army and Royal Australian Military College; manoeuvres; questions of leave and exemptions from training; musketry; Rifle Clubs; estimates for and allocation of training and manoeuvre grants; wireless; aviation; military libraries; editing of the New Zealand Military Journal. Our representative at the War Office, in addition to supplying the Chief of the Imperial General Staff with all information in connection with the above, and reporting to the Dominion on all matters in connection witTi the progress of Military affairs at Home, advises as regards the instruction of New Zealand officers at Home, and acts as Military Adviser to the High Commissioner in all matters connected with the purchase of guns, equipment, stores, &c, for the Dominion. 9. Drills. In the case of both the Territorial Force and Senior Cadets, there is still too much repetition of mechanical drill, and too much use of drill-halls. The work must be varied, and the drillhalls should only be used in the winter and in wet weather. On summer evenings all drills must be in the open, and, as I have said before, there is no reason why the rendezvous of a company for its summer-evening drill should not be on a convenient hill-top on the outskirts of a town. The attendance has, on the whole, been good, but it is again noticeable that it is better in the country districts, where the difficulties of getting to and from parade and drill are far greater than in the towns. 10. Parades. Much useful work has been done on whole-day and half-day parades, and in some cases, notably in the coast-defence commands and big centres, the co-operation of all arms in combined field operations for a day has been satisfactorily practised. I hope to see still more of this most necessary practice during the forthcoming summer; and for the purpose of affording scattered squadrons and companies, regiments and battalions the opportunity of periodically assembling for whole-day parades, I have recommended that a sum of money be allowed for the specific purpose of meeting the rail and coach fares and other expenses necessary for their assembly.

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To take the place of an equivalent number of parades, week-end camps, especially in the case of Mounted units, were held in many instances, and proved a most valuable and satisfactory medium of instruction. I trust that they may be continued during the forthcoming summer, and that money will be forthcoming to give forage and rations for the purpose. 11. Territorial Training-camps. All units of the Territorial Force have completed their annual training in camp. Since last year, by an alteration in the regulations, it was arranged that Mounted Rifles ■and country companies of Infantry should spend eleven days in camp, and that four of these days should be instead of a proportionate number of drills and parades. It was found that the mounted men and country companies from the backblocks had experienced great difficulty in attending the same number of parades and drills as those in the towns. For town units the training has been only seven days in camp, and the scale of parades and drills has been unaltered. By this means it has also been possible for many men who for various'reasons were unable to put in the requisite number of parades and drills during the year to go to camp for four extra days, and there make them up. This alteration having been made entirely in the interests of the men, no pay has been granted for the extra four days, but forage and rations have been provided. The effect has been that all camps have been open for eleven days, and that a large proportion of men have had eleven days' training in camp instead of only the statutory seven, which has been a great help to the efficiency of the Forces. Camps have been for the first time held on a large scale by brigades and coast-defence commands, and the troops have greatly benefited by the experience of training in the higher organizations. Not only has considerable economy of money and instruction and an increased efficiency been attained, but Brigade Commanders have been afforded the very necessary opportunity of exercising their commands, and a very healthy emulation and esprit de corps has been engendered among the various units of the Forces. Field operations were held in all camps on as extended a scale as the state of the training permitted. Many mistakes were made, but these afforded much instruction, and a repetition of the various exercises gave opportunity for their correction. A portion of the annual musketry course was done during the camps, but this practice is not to be recommended where it can possibly be avoided. The musketry should be done as far as possible at other times of the year, as the time of the annual camp is all too short for the necessary practice in manoeuvre, and nothing should be allowed to interfere with the latter. Sanitation was good. Cooking is specially referred to under Section 111, 44 (d). A great waste of rations occurred in most camps. This was in great measure due to want of supervision on the part of the Permanent Staff, and of commanding, squadron, and company officers. I have again to call attention to the necessity for all officers taking more care for the comfort and welfare of their men. My views on this subject will be found in paragraph 4 (a) of the memorandum on " Training and Administration " (Appendix C). The sites selected for camps varied considerably, and it is noticeable that those in the North Island, except at Kerikeri, were the best suited for camping and the least suited for training, while those in the South Island were the reverse. Suitable ground for training must, of course, be the first consideration. In Otago, if the same training-ground is selected again next year, the site of the camp should be moved from Sutton to Matarae. We have again to thank many public-spirited landowners and public bodies for the use of camping-grounds. Their names will be found in Appendix B; also many farmers, for permission to manoeuvre over their land. Our thanks are also due again to the Church of England Men's Society, the Young Men's Christian Association, the Presbyteries of the Presbyterian Church, other religious bodies, the Salvation Army, and chaplains of all denominations for much help in connection with the recreation of the men, and the generous action of the V.M.C.A., C.E.M.S., and the Salvation Army in supplying recreation tents was highly appreciated by all ranks. A summary of the camps held —(1) by units, (2) by camps —will be found in Appendices A and B. " Casual " camps were also held for those men who were unable for various reasons to attend the annual camp of their unit. A total of 18,687 have done their annual training in camp—an average of 8378 per cent., which may be considered very satisfactory, and compares favourably with the average of 8249 per cent, attained last year. His Excellency the Governor inspected the troops at several of the camps, and expressed his approval of their appearance and work. 12. Training Generally of the Territorial Force. The training of the Territorial Force has steadily progressed during the past year, and a great measure of improvement is shown in discipline and general efficiency. The work of the Instructors has been most satisfactory, and the system of instruction has worked as well as can be expected with the very limited number of Instructors at our disposal. A regulation has been gazetted by which all applications for exemption from training must be brought before a Magistrate for decision. This is very satisfactory, as the militarj authorities have hitherto frequently been put in a difficult position by having to decide questions relating to the enforcement of the civil law—namely, the Defence Act.

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I will review the work done and progress made by each arm and branch of the service shortly and generally under their various headings. Further details as regards their training will be found in a " Memorandum on the Training and Administration of the Forces " issued on the 14th October, 1912. (Appendix C of this report.) The improvement in the knowledge and professional efficiency of the Territorial officers throughout the year has been marked, and is an encouraging feature of the training. (a.) Mounted Rifles. The training has been very satisfactory on the whole, especially in those districts where open ground is available for the work of this arm. At the same time, I do not think that in all cases the best use has been made of the ground available, and there has sometimes been an inclination to devote too much time to drill in close proximity to camp instead of making the most of the day in more extended practice of the services of protection, reconnaissance, and the operations farther afield for which the mobility of our Mounted Rifles so eminently fits them. The practice, during the short period of annual camp, of returning to camp for midday stables and the midday meal is to be deprecated, as it involves a loss for training of many valuable hours of the day. In almost all cases I had to find fault at my inspections with the large proportion of men left in camp on fatigue and other duties. This must be reduced. The time at our disposal for training is all too short, and must be used for that purpose, and no other; fatigue duties must be reduced to a minimum, and carried out at hours which do not interfere with attendance at parade. Guards are unnecessary as a rule, and should be replaced by a minimum number of regimental police. The stamp of horse brought to camp was a distinct improvement on last year, and I notice with satisfaction that the men are beginning to take more pride and interest in the care of their horses, and that there is a general improvement in horsemastership. / I have again to call attention to the lack of cyclists for purposes of communication and saving of horse-flesh. The training of scouts, and of troop and section leaders in the control of fire, are matters which require special attention during the forthcoming winter. (b.) Artillery. There has been a remarkable improvement in the field batteries during the past year, and now that they are all armed with the new guns I look forward to a still higher standard of efficiency this year. Their weakest point is manoeuvre, and they have not yet had the advantage of co-operation with the other arms. This will be arranged for at the next annual camps, and in the meantime all Field Artillery officers should carefully study the principles of co-operation with, and support of, the other arms. As at present arranged, the Field Artillery, who are drawn from the towns, only come to camp for seven days. It is impossible to attain the necessary efficiency in the manipulation of modern field guns in this time, and the period of their compulsory training in camp should be increased to at least the same as that of the Mounted Rifles and the country companies of Infantry —namely, eleven days. The practice carried out by the Garrison Artillery during the year has been most satisfactory, and in one instance has already reached the same standard that was attained in the best companies of the old Volunteers by trained men who had been serving for many years. (c.) Engineers. The Engineers were, as a rule, in camp this year with the Infantry, and did much useful work in co-operation with the latter. They also were of great assistance, and saved a considerable amount of money as regards water-supply, bridging, making of ramps, improving of approaches, watering-places, &c, for the Forces. Next year, however, more tactical employment will be demanded from the field companies. The Signal troops and companies trained this year with their brigades, but were in many cases handicapped for want of equipment, which I trust will be forthcoming before next year. I do not think the Brigade Commanders made as much use of these Signal units as they should. The training of the Railway corps is still backward. I am endeavouring to make arrangements to have it taken in hand during the forthcoming winter. (d.) Infantry. The improvement in the training has been most marked, and has enabled field training to be carried out on an advanced scale. The difficulties which attended these operations and the many mistakes which were made at them will, I hope, have had the effect of making all ranks realize how much they have to learn, and the necessity for most careful and thorough field training by companies and smaller units in order to enable them satisfactorily to take their places in the higher organizations. The use of covering fire, mutual support between companies, &c, and fire control, require particular attention. I was glad to see that in some cases the supply of ammunition was practised. The marching was, generally speaking, very good, and in some cases marches were made which would have done credit to Regular troops. Cyclists for intercommunication are required.

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(c.) Army Service Corps. A great step towards the formation and training of the Army Service Corps has been made by the establishment this year of brigade supply-depots, which on the whole worked very satisfactorily, and by which the principles of Army Service Corps control of supplies and transport, and the duties in connection therewith, have been established. (f.) Post and Telegraph Corps. The training of these two battalions has progressed, and I hope before next summer to be able to arrange for a more definite syllabus of instruction, and a more complete definition of their duties. (g.) Medical Services. Much good work was done by officers of the New Zealand Medical Corps in many of the camps, but in others Medical Officers were not permanently available, and I am sorry to say that in some cases officers who hold commissions in the corps do not appear to have made much attempt to attend the annual camp. These were, however, the exception; many officers of the corps attended camp at considerable inconvenience and sacrifice. The work of the Field Ambulances was, on the whole, excellent, and I was glad to see that signallers have been trained for work with them. The sanitation in the camps was good and well attended to. The report of the Director of Medical Services will be found in Appendix J. (h.) New Zealand Veterinary Corps. The work done and instruction given by the officers of this corps at the camps was highly satisfactory. The report of the Director of Veterinary Services will be found in Appendix K. His recommendations are receiving attention. (j.) Ordnance Department. Ordnance store depots were established at the annual camps, and the nucleus of an Ordnance Corps has been formed by the training of certain men in a knowledge of its duties. 13. Cadets. The training of the Senior Cadets, which for many reasons was last year somewhat retarded, is now progressing very satisfactorily. I have inspected town and country companies all over the Dominion, and found everywhere that great progress is being made. They are now practically all clothed in the new uniform, and the only thing wanting for them is rifles, which have been ordered from Home and Canada, and which I hope they will get within the course of the next few months. I noticed a great improvement in the knowledge and efficiency of the Cadet officers. The substitution of physical training for military drill in the case of boys under fourteen years of age was a satisfactory feature of last year's defence legislation, and I am glad to say that one good result of it is that we have obtained the services of many keen and able officers of the late Junior Cadets for the older boys. Voluntary camps have been held for some companies, with good results. My views as regards the Senior Cadet training will be found in paragraph 6 of the " Memorandum on the Training and Administration of the New Zealand Military Forces " (Appendix C). Twenty-four thousand seven hundred and seventy Cadets are now training in the Dominion. A team of New Zealand Cadets which went to the Toronto Exhibition in Canada were conspicuously successful in carrying off six out of seven champion cups against about twenty-five teams from all parts of the Empire. Their success shows what our Cadets can do, and should encourage all companies to render themselves equally efficient. 14. Rifle Clubs. There are 199 Defence Rifle Clubs in the Dominion, and of these twenty-nine were accepted in 1912-13. A circular memo., published as Appendix E to my Annual Report for 1912, has been put into force, and the provisions contained therein appear to be working satisfactorily. A Rifle Club conference, over which I presided, took place in August last. The New Zealand Rifle Clubs' executive were requested to send one delegate from each Area Group. The results of the conference were satisfactory to all concerned, and I agreed to the following requests : — (1.) That the Voluntary Rifle Associations will not be abolished, but remain. (2.) That all Government rifle ranges be available free of charge for the use of Rifle Clubs and Voluntary Rifle Associations. (3.) That Rifle Clubs have equal rights with Territorials on Government rifle ranges, subject to the provisions of paragraph 691, General Regulations. (4.) lhat the minimum strength of Rifle Clubs be reduced from thirty to fifteen. (5.) That Rifle Club competitors at the Dominion Rifle Association meeting at Trentham may nominate annually three Rifle Club officers to act on the executive committee of the Dominion Rifle Association.

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(6.) That the executive committee of the Dominion Rifle Association, consisting of three Staff officers, three Territorial officers, and three Rifle Club officers, draw up the annual programme, and carry out the functions of a management committee. (7.) That where barrels cannot be obtained from the Defence Stores, barrels fitted by private firms, inspected and stamped by Government Armourer as equal only to service barrels, may be used at the Dominion Rifle Association meeting. A further concession which at present chiefly affects Rifle Club men was afterwards granted by the Government —viz., that railway passes may be granted to Territorials and members of Rifle Clubs to attend rifle meetings up to a distance of 100 miles, provided that the programmes for such meetings are approved by the Officer Commanding the District. As regards the issue of ammunition, Rifle Clubs are well off. Each Rifle Club receives 150 rounds free issue for each efficient active member,, and when it is deemed that field firingcan be carried out properly an allowance of twenty rounds per man extra. The privilege is also granted of purchasing another 200 rounds at reduced rates. The training of those liable for universal service who are attached to Rifle Clubs is now being undertaken in earnest, and in some cases active members of Rifle Clubs have shown a most commendable desire to qualify themselves by drill and field exercises, as well as by shooting, to take their place efficiently in the second line of the New Zealand Forces. 15. Musketry. The musketry instruction and annual course has been taken in hand during the past year. Considerable difficulties have been experienced in carrying it out —in the towns owing to the limited range-accommodation and the large number to be trained, in the country owing in many cases to lack of rifle ranges and to the difficulties of assembling the men. Successful rifle meetings have been held by the Dominion Rifle Association, at District Headquarters, and in many cases in Area Groups. The latter are especially to be encouraged, as it should be easy for a large proportion of competitors from all branches of the Forces to attend meetings comparatively near their homes, and there is more chance of encouragement and improvement for the moderate shot than at a larger meeting. Four Musketry Instructors have been appointed, one for each district, whose duties will be to supervise the musketry instruction of the Territorial Force, the Rifle Clubs, and the Senior Cadets. Those appointed have all been instructors at the School of Musketry at Hythe, in England. As a result of reports received from Officers Commanding Districts, the Chief of the General Staff has held a conference of these Musketry Instructors, and, in view of the experience gained during the year, has arranged for certain modifications and alterations of the course of musketry training. I do not think that the time is yet ripe for the establishment of a School of Musketry, even if funds were available with which to start it, and I am inclined to think that under our present conditions better results can be attained by the holding of musketry courses in each Area Group, and for this arrangements have been made More use should be made of 25-yards ranges, and short ranges generally. At this period of the training better instruction can be given on them than on long ranges, and they are easily improvised and acquired. At every drill centre a range of some kind should be improvised. Preliminary musketry instruction must be begun during the winter, and all range practices completed during the summer, and before the annual camp. 16. Special Training of Permanent Officers and Non-commissioned Officers. (a.) Major Macdonald; 2nd Lieutenants Burn (W. A.) and Piper, of the New Zealand Staff Corps; and 2nd Lieutenants Davies and Turner, Royal New Zealand Artillery, are now in England under instruction with the Regular Army. Captain Seddon, New Zealand Staff Corps, who has been at Home under instruction, is now on his way back to the Dominion. The above list does not include Colonel Robin, C.8., C.M.G., t.d., representing the Dominion at Headquarters Imperial General Staff, War Office, London; Brigadier-General Davies, C.B. commanding the 6th Infantry Brigade at Aldershot; Majors Richardson and Gardner and Captain Chesney, who are at the Staff College, Camberley, and Captain Duigan, New Zealand Staff Corps, who is at the Staff College, Quetta, India. Lieut.-Colonel Bauchop, C.M.G.; Lieutenants Turnbull, Burn (A. H.), and Garland, New Zealand Staff Corps; and Captain Standish, Royal New Zealand Artillery, returned from England after undergoing instruction during the year. Major Potter, New Zealand Staff Corps, and Captains Symon and Smythe, Royal New Zealand Artillery, returned after a course of instruction in India. Captain Whyte, New Zealand Staff Corps, is in Australia as an officer in exchange with Lieutenant (temporary Captain) W. J. Foster, Australian Military Forces. (b.) The special central camp of instruction held last year at Trentham for Permanent officers and non-commissioned officers will be repeated this year in July, and all officers and N.C.O.s of ' the New Zealand Staff Corps and Permanent Staff, and the Permanent cadres of the Royal New Zealand Field Artillery will be assembled for a " refresher " course, and formed into an instructional squadron, an instructional field battery, and an instructional battalion, which will, I hope, be a pattern for all such units. A limited number of Territorial officers and N.C.O.s, and Senior Cadet officers, will also attend this camp.

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17. Staff College. Captain R. 0. Chesney, New Zealand Staff Corps, has been admitted to the Staff College, Camberley, England. Captain J. E. Duigan, New Zealand Staff Corps, has been admitted to the Staff College, Quetta, India. Four officers are desirous this year of presenting themselves as candidates for the Staff College at Camberley. 18. Royal Military College of Australia. The total number of Cadets at the Royal Military College of Australia is seventeen. Two of the first entry have been returned to New Zealand, as they failed to pass the necessary qualifying examinations. Out of the six who sat for the entrance examination this year, only three qualified. Steps have been taken to give a wider publicity to the conditions under which Cadets can enter the College, and the prospects and career open to them in the Permanent Forces of the Dominion, with the result that it is anticipated that a considerably larger number of candidates will be forthcoming this year than has hitherto been the case, and that we shall be able to send the ten Cadets which the Australian authorities hope for annually from the Dominion. I personally visited the College in November last, and am glad to be able to report that the instruction and treatment of our Cadets there is most satisfactory. The standard of the College is high in every respect, and I have no hesitation in saying that it compares favourably with the other military establishments of the Empire. 19. Examination of Officers for Promotion. No promotions, either of Permanent or Territorial officers, have been made without their having passed the necessary examination for promotion. (a.) Officers of the Royal New Zealand Artillery and New Zealand Staff Corps. This examination is carried out by the Home authorities, and is the same as that for officers of the Imperial Regular Army. In May, 1912, 29 officers presented themselves for examination, and 22 passed; in December, 1912, 14 officers presented themselves, and 10 passed. Altogether, since the inauguration of the scheme of universal training, 54 officers have presented themselves, and 48 passed. (b.) Territorial Officers. This examination is conducted under the supervision of the Headquarters Staff. In August, 1912, 90 officers presented themselves for examination, and 58 passed; in February, 1913, 71 officers presented themselves, and 46 passed. Altogether, since the inauguration of the scheme of universal training, 370 officers have presented themselves, and 237 passed. A report on these examinations has been issued for the guidance and instruction of officers sitting for future examinations. 20. Staff Tours and Courses of Instruction. Staff tours, tactical exercises, and courses of instruction have been held in districts under the direction of the Officers Commanding Districts. A Staff tour under my direction was held at Temuka in February, at which the District and Brigade Commanders and their Staffs attended. The instruction obtained at this tour was well worth the money expended on it. A satisfactory feature was the transport of officers to and from their work by officers designate of the new Motor Reserve Corps. This proved very efficient and less expensive than the hiring of motors. A report on this tour has been printed and issued. Courses of Instruction for Territorial officers and N.C.O.s and Cadet officers will, if funds permit, be held during the current year in all Area Groups. 21. New Zealand Military Journal. The New Zealand Military Journal has now reached the second number of the second volume. It is hoped that all officers have been afforded instruction from its publication; but it is regretted that Territorial Force officers are so diffident in coming forward with their literary contributions. It cannot be expected when Imperial Officers in the Dominion are so hard at work in carrying on the organization and training of the Military Forces that they can find much time to write for the Journal. It must be remembered that a time will arrive in the future when the publishing of the Journal will be left entirely in the hands of New-Zealanders, and it will depend entirely on their own efforts. There are many subjects in connection with the defence of this Dominion which officers who give any thought to the subject can write about for the benefit of others. 22. Mapping and Survey. A great deal of work has been accomplished during the past year. Hitherto the General Staff has been much handicapped, by the absence of good maps. Theory is good as far as it goes, but if officers are to be made fit to take command in the field, it is essential that they should be taught how to apply the principles they have learnt indoors to actual situations on the ground. Such instruction can efficiently be carried out by means of regimental tours, and for these good maps are necessary.

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The south-western portion of the Wellington Military District, embracing an area of 172 square miles, was completed in March. As a result of this survey, maps have been prepared showing contours at intervals of 50 ft., together with all roads, rivers, streets, and existing artificial features. A careful search of the maps of the Lands and Survey, Public Works, and other Departments brought to light very little that would be of much use in the construction of our maps. Sectional plans on various scales certainly do exist, but the compilation of a map on a uniform scale from these would have entailed a great deal of work, and a map so completed would have been only of use as a guide to the Topographical Survey Section. The sketch-map (Appendix E) shows the progress of the work. In additon to this map, it was necessary to make a map of part of the South Canterbury District, embracing an area of about 1,100 square miles, for the Staff tour held in January. This map was compiled from the country map, and data obtained from a hasty survey. The map shows all the existing roads, railway-lines, bridges, &c, and the main hill features are roughly indicated by hachures. In addition to these maps, certain datum posts have been erected at various points in the Harbours of Auckland and Wellington, which will add to the fighting efficiency of the guns in the fixed defences of these ports. 23. Wireless. The experiments carried out last year were satisfactory. The advice of the Imperial authorities is being asked on the subject before embarking on the purchase of any plant. 24. Aviation. Steps have been taken with regard to aviation. An officer now at Home will go through a complete course of aviation, so that he may be thoroughly competent to instruct. He will also be instructed in all the mechanical details of aeroplanes. An aeroplane has been presented to this Dominion, which will form the nucleus of a flying corps. 25. Expeditionary Force. If the experience of the South African War, when New Zealand loyally came to the support of the Mother-country, may be taken as a guide, it is fair to assume that, in the event of the Empire becoming engaged in a serious war, where the preservation of its existence is at stake, there would be an instant demand on the part of the people of the Dominion for the despatch of troops to assist the Mother-country. The value of any assistance, however willingly and enthusiastically given, will be greatly lessened if not altogether nullified, by waiting till the actual outbreak of hostilities. It has therefore become necessary to work out thoroughly in peace time full and complete plans (organization, transport equipment, &c.) for an overseas Expeditionary Force, in order that efficient machinery may exist for the immediate execution of the wishes of the people. This previous preparation will, moreover, result in a very large saving of expenditure. Such an Expeditionary Force will consist entirely of those serving Territorials who come forward and offer themselves for services overseas to assist the Mother-country to preserve the integrity of the British Empire in time of great emergency. 26. Next Year's Training. The dates of the annual camps for next year will be fixed to suit the convenience of General Sir lan Hamilton, G.C.8., D.5.0., the Inspector-General of the Overseas Forces, who has been invited by the Government to inspect the Forces of the Dominion, and who will probably-arrive at the Bluff on Monday, the 27th April. Arrangements are being made for him to see as many units of the Territorial Foi*ces and Senior Cadets as possible, and he will probably leave Auckland for Australia about the middle of May. With the exception of the Garrison Artillery, all units will therefore attend the annual camp between those dates, and the necessary opportunity will thus be afforded for an assemblage as far as possible of all the troops of each district in a camp of all arms. We have now reached the stage of our training when the co-operation of all arms must be practised, and I look forward to the combination of Horse, Foot, and Artillery at these camps as affording most valuable instruction and experience to all ranks of the army. As regards drills and parades throughout the year, experience shows that in the towns the scale of drills and parades laid down for town units is satisfactory, and can be adhered to. As regards country units, the necessary financial provision will, I trust, be made to enable units to be assembled occasionally during the year for regimental, battalion, squadron, and company training. Without this the country units come to camp very much handicapped in comparison with those of the towns, and it is imperative in the interests of efficiency that they should be afforded this facility. The system by which four extra days may be spent in camp, in order to enable units and individuals from the backblocks to thereby put in drills which it has been found practically impossible for them to do throughout the year, has proved satisfactory, and will be continued. Casual camps will be in continuation of the annual camps, with two days' interval, to enable men coming to the casual camp to be relieved by those returning from the annual camp. This will, it is hoped, be of assistance to employers, and will obviate any question of their having all their men away at the same time. I trust, however, that as far as possible employers will allow the majority of their employees to attend the first camp — i.e., the camp of their unit—as it is imperative, in the interests of efficiency of the Forces, that units should be as complete as possible, and that the men should be able to do their training with the comrades with whom they would be in the event of taking the field, and under their own officers. The second or casual camp should only be for a minimum number of men, the barest minimum with which employers can possibly manage during the annual camp. Considerations both of expense and of military efficiency make it impossible to'hold more camps than are sufficient to give the men one alternative of attendance to the annual camp of their unit.

2—H, 19.

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SECTION II.—THE DEPARTMENT OF THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL TO THE FORCES (THREE OFFICERS). The Adjutant-General. The Assistant Adjutant-General. The Director of Medical Services (partially paid Territorial officer). This section is responsible for peace organization of the Military Forces; discipline; martial, military, and international law; courts-martial; administrative arrangements in connection with training and education; ceremonial; all questions of personnel; editing and issuing orders (other than operation orders); Army List and Regulations; leave of absence (except from training); appointments to and distribution of the N.Z. Permanent Staff; registration, enrolment, and posting for the Territorial Force; returns of strength; casualties; mobilization and other regulations dealing with above services; mobilization of personnel;' medals; military chaplains; war claims and pensions; the training and organization of the N.Z. Medical Corps, and all medical arrangements in connection with the Forces; honorary Territorials; national reserve. 27. Changes in Organization of the Forces. The following new units are being raised : — (a.) Four depot companies Army Service Corps, one at the Headquarters of each district, each with an establishment of three officers and 100 "other ranks," and two divisional trains Army Service Corps, one for the North Island and one for the Smith, each of four companies, a total of twelve A.S.C. companies for the Dominion. (&.) An Army Motor Reserve, with an establishment of all ranks as under: — Lieut.-Colonel, 1; Staff officer, 1; Majors, 16; Captains, 32; Lieutenants, 128. (c.) The signal companies are being reorganized in accordance with the latest Home War Establishments, 1913. 28. Legislation. Experience having suggested the necessity for the further amendment of the Defence Act, 1909, as amended by Amendment Act, 1910, the Defence Amendment Act, 1912, was introduced, and became operative as from the 7th November, 1912. Trie Justice Department was approached with a view to establishing a working basis between the two Departments, and to define exactly where the duties and responsibilities of the Defence Department began and ended, especially as regards prosecution of offenders under the Defence Act, offenders committed to military custody, attachment of wages for recovery of fines, ami exemption from military service on the grounds of religious belief. I desire to place on record my sense of obligation to the officials of the Justice Department for the assistance that the Department has received at their hands in its endeavour to enforce the law as regards military training. Cases have occurred in which defaulters from training, and those who have neglected to render the required personal service, have been sentenced to imprisonment in default of paying their fines, instead of to detention, in spite of the intention of the legislation of last year that the latter punishment should, except in the most extreme cases, take the place of imprisonment. . 29. Discipline. The discipline of the Forces during the past year has been, generally speaking, very satisfactory. The fact that the few breaches of discipline which have occurred have attracted considerable notice is, I consider, due to their standing out in sharp relief to the excellent all-round behaviour of the troops as a whole. An even higher standard of military discipline may be expected when the ranks of the Territorial Force are filled with those who have undergone a complete course of training in the Senior Cadets; and I am confident that, as the youth of the country realize the necessity for it, the discipline of the Forces will be based on the highest possible plane of mutual confidence and respect between officers and men. 30. Prosecutions. The resumption of prosecutions for failure to comply with the Act, which had been to a certain extent suspended till the Defence Amendment Act was passed last session, has resulted in a marked increase in the attendances at drills and parades throughout the country, and I think that 'as the young men begin to realize the value of the training, the necessity for it, and that the country intends to see it through, the opposition will become less and less. Appendix H gives a return of prosecutions under the Defence Act from the date of the inauguration of the present defence scheme to the 30th April, 1913. The percentage of convictions to prosecutions was 6988 per cent, in the case of Territorials; and in the case of Senior Cadets, 7015 per cent. The tctal number imprisoned or placed in detention since the inauguration of the scheme is seventy-eight. Owing to the provision of detention in military custody by the Defence Amendment Act, 1912, the number sentenced to imprisonment will in future be very small. 31. Detention. Detention in military custody in accordance with the provisions of the Defence Amendment Act, 1912, is now in operation. Provisional rules for the guidance of those concerned in the administration of the necessary disciplinary measures have been approved. So far as a limited experience goes, the system in vogue appears to work satisfactorily. I do not think that there will be any question of putting into force the military detention on a large scale, and it is not therefore contemplated to build detention barracks for the present. It is considered that as an attachment-order can be enforced against an offender's wages, detention need only be resorted to in cases of failure to pay the amounts due, and therefore recourse to

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detention will be exceptional. In such cases provision has been made for the detention of offenders in military custody in some of the permanent barracks or forts. The following places have been appointed as places where detention will be carried out : Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch (Lyttelton), Dunedin (Taiaroa Heads). Up to the 30th April thirteen persons have been committed to military detenion, and all have served their sentences to the full. Appendix F shows the Regulations in reference to offenders committed to military custody. 32. Courts-martial. Two courts-martial have been held during the past year. I am glad to say that it is now more generally recognized that breaches of the Defence Act are breaches of the civil law, and, as such, should be dealt with by the civil authorities. Courts-martial are, in my opinion, unsuited, as a rule, for dealing with offences committed by members of a Citizen Army, except in the rarest and gravest cases of offences of a purely military nature. Further, in a Citizen Army, the personnel and facilities for holding courts-martial are not available as in the case of a Regular Army. 33. The Area System. The area system is working satisfactorily. In order to assist the Area Group officers in the discharge of their clerical duties, and with the care of the Senior Cadet equipment, a redistribution of the Permanent Staff was effected, with the result that each Area Group officer now has the assistance of a Group Orderly-room and Quartermaster-sergeant. A Board of Officers was assembled to consider proposals with a view to minimizing the wastage due to the difficulty in tracing persons liable to training who may transfer from one place to another. As a result of their recommendations it is hoped that the procedure on transfer will be simplified, and that it will be possible to deal more effectively in the future with the shifting population of military age. A large proportion of the men have again changed their places of residence since the last registration. Means have been concerted whereby it is hoped that the numbers of men of whom trace has been lost may be reduced. Much will depend on the amount of assistance which the police may be able to afford, and I would like, in this connection, to express our gratitude for the willing assistance they have given us in promoting the success of the scheme. The problem, however, of tracing those members of the shifting population who are liable to service is not an easy one, and requires serious attention, for on its successful solution to a large extent depends the efficient working of the scheme. As a result of further experience gained in the working of the scheme, it has been found advisable that the responsible duties of Area Group officers should be discharged by more senior officers of the N.Z.S.C. The necessary redistribution of officers has accordingly taken place. 34. Appointments to the Permanent Staff. The only additions to the Permanent Staff beyond those necessary to replace the promoted warrant and N.C.O.s are one Field Artillery Instructor, whose appointment has been made extra to the district establishments on removal to Headquarters, and four non-commissioned officers of the Army Service Corps, who have been lent from Home to assist in the formation and instruction of trie necessary companies of the Dominion Army Service Corps which is about to be commenced. Pending its formation, the services of these four non-commissioned officers have been utilized in connection with the supplies and transport for the recent annual training-camps. In order to assist in the care and supervision of Senior Cadet equipment, and in the clerical work of the Area Group officers, it has been necessary to provide eighteen Group Orderly-room and Quartermaster, Sergeants. It was possible to supply nine of these through the return of N.C.O.s on loan to the Education Department; the remainder had to be found by a reduction of the Instructional Staff. The following is now the establishment: — Area Sergeants-major .. 56 i Signal Company Instructors .. 4 Regimental Seigeants-major .. 29 Field Ambulance Instructors .. 4 Regimental Q.M.S. .. .. 29 Army Service Corps Instructor-? .. 4 Brigade Sergeants-major • . . 8 Sergeant-instructors .. .. 48 . Field Artillery Instructor .. 1 Group Orderly-room and Q.M.S. .. 18 Engineer Instructors .. . . 4 , - — 8 Total .. .. 205

35. Registration. The registration of all youths available for training up to the 30th April, 1913, has resulted as follows :—

District. Territorials. Senior Cadets. Totals. Luckland .. Janterbury Hago Wellington 9,060 6,176 6,174 8,150 8,990 10,760 7,405 12,985 18,050 16,936 13,579 21,135 Totals 29,560 40,140 69,700

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36. Medical Examination. The medical examinations for 1913 will be carried out on the same lines as last year, only recruits for the Territorial Army being examined. They will be classed by the Medical Officers as under: (a) Totally unfit for service; (b) fit for Territorial Force; or (c) fit to serve in a Rifle Club. Judging by the results of the medical examinations in 1912, it is estimated that about 8 per cent, will be classed under (a), totally unfit for service; about 60 per cent, under (b), fit for active service in Territorial Force; and about 32 per cent, under (c), fit for service with a Rifle Club. The report of the Director of Medical Services is attached as Appendix J. 37. Posting. The instructions for posting for 1913 are shown in Appendix G. In order to maintain the stability and training efficiency of the Force in future years, it is necessary that a constant number of recruits should be admitted to the Territorial Force every year. The annual quota to be admitted to the Territorial Force is, roughly, one-seventh of the 30,000 which the law allows. An allowance has been made for wastage, but experience alone will show what number is necessary in this respect. 38. Strength of the Forces on the 30th April, 1913. 1. Territorial Force ... ... ... ... ... ... 23,919 2. Senior Cadets ... ... ... ... ... .. 24,770 .3.. Rifle Clubs— (a.) Active members ... ... ... ... ... 4,003 (6.) Liable for universal training ... ... ... ... 1,370 Total ... ... ... ... ... ... 54,062 It will be observed that the total number of registrations up to the 30th April, 1913 (vide paragraph 35), amounted to 69,700, and that the strength of the Forces on the same date, less the active members of Rifle Clubs, was 50,059. In estimating the difference between these totals it must be taken into consideration that 9,000 youths (approximately) who have registered have not yet been posted. Of these it is estimated that 7,500 will be posted to the Senior Cadets in June, which will increase the strength of the Forces accordingly to 57,559. The deficiency to be accounted for therefore amounts to 12,141, and it is estimated that the numbers contributing thereto are made up as follows : — (a.) Medically unfit for Forces (5 per cent.) ... ... ... 3,485 (b.) Estimated numbers residing in exempted areas ... ... 1,000 (c.) Youths over fourteen years of age still attending primary schools, and therefore not posted to Senior Cadets (estimated) ... ... 1,500 (d.) Old Volunteers who registered and have since been allowed to leave the Territorial Force on completion of the necessary service towards which their Volunteer service counted (estimated) ... 1,250 (c.) Casualties since registration (deaths, left the Dominion, exemptions through illness) (estimated) ... ... ... ... 3,000 (/.) Numbers registered in excess of census (probably not eighteen, or over twenty-one years of age, or registered twice) (estimated) ... 1,000 11,235 (gr.) Unaccounted-for ... ... ... ••• ... ■■■ 906 Total ■■ 12,141 39. Regulations. Further experience has necessitated a number of amendments and additions to General Regulations, and in order that the " General Regulations, 1913," might be as complete as possible, it was deemed advisable to postpone the issue to as late a date as was consistent with the interests of the Forces. It must, of course, be understood that so long as the Force is undergoing a process of evolution the regulations must necessarily undergo alteration, and finality is not to be expected. It is hoped to issue a revised edition within the next four months. Financial Regulations have been gazetted and issued. 40. Chaplains. I have great pleasure in acknowledging the zealous maimer in which the chaplains of all denominations have discharged their duties during this year's camps. Every care has been taken that chaplains of each denomination shall have equal facilities in the exercise of their spiritual duties. Arrangements have been made whereby the attendance is secured at each brigade camp of one chaplain of each denomination shown in the Army List. Chaplains selected according to Regulations by the Senior Chaplain of their denomination to attend brigade camps receive pay according to "rank as classed in the Army List, and allowances as for Territorial officers for messing, also travelling-allowance while going to and from camp. 41. Pensions. Arrangements were made with the Pensions Department under which the services of area officers and area non-commissioned officers of the Defence Department were placed at the dis-

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posal of that Department for duty as examining officers for the purposes of the Military Pensions Act, 1912, in addition to their ordinary military duties. The Defence Department further undertook to provide all official information at its disposal to assist in the settlement of claims for military pensions under the Act. Our thanks are due to the Pensions Department for a small remuneration given by it to the officers of this Department for their extra work in this connection. 42. Alliance with Regiments of the Home Army. Approval of His Majesty the King has been obtained for the alliance of the undermentioned Infantry regiments of the New Zealand Military Forces with regiments of the Home Army : — New Zealand Regiment. British Regiment. Ist (Canterbury) Regiment .. .. .. The Queen's Own (Royal West Kent Regiment). 2nd (South Canterbury) Regiment .. .. The Durham Light Infantry. 3rd (Auckland) Regiment (" Countess of Ran- The Suffolk Regiment, furly's Own ") 4th (Otago) Regiment .. .. . . The East Surrey Regiment. sth (Wellington) Regiment . . . . .. The York and Lancaster Regiment. 6th (Hauraki) Regiment .. .. .. The Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry. 7th (Wellington West Coast) Regiment .. The Royal Irish Regiment. Bth (Southland) Regiment .. .. .. The Manchester Regiment. 9th (Wellington East Coast) Regiment .. The Prince of Wales' Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment). 10th (North Otago) Regiment .. . . The Duke of Edinburgh's (Wiltshire Regiment). 11th Regiment (Taranaki Rifles) .. .. The Duke of Cambridge's Own (Middlesex Regiment). 15th (North Auckland) Regiment .. .. The Northamptonshire Regiment. 16th (Waikato) Regiment .. .. .. The Prince of Wales' Own (West Yorkshire Regiment). 43. National Reserve. The institution of a National Reserve has been announced, which will embrace practically all those men up to a reasonable age-limit who wish to enrol themselves for services who are not in the Territorial Force or its reserve, or in the Rifle Clubs. Details of this organization have yet to be settled. SECTION III.—THE DEPARTMENT OF THE QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL TO THE FORCES (FIVE OFFICERS). The Quartermaster-General. The Assistant Quartermaster-General. The Director of Equipment and Stores. The Assistant Director of Equipment and Stores. The Director of Veterinary Services and Remounts (a partially paid Territorial officer). , This section is responsible for mobilization stores; policy as to reserves of clothing, equipment, and general stores; scales and issue of clothing equipment, and stores to be in the possession of troops; movements; quartering and railway transport; control of clerical staff; Defence Department vessels; drill-halls and similar buildings; mobilization arrangements as to food, forage, clothing, stores, and equipment; armourers; contracts; supplies of food and forage, fuel and light; regulations for supply and transport services; all general questions connected with horses; registration of horses for mobilization; personnel of the N.Z. Army Service Corps and N.Z. Ordnance Corps; administration, training, establishment, and distribution of the N.Z. Army Service Corps and N.Z. Ordnance Department; organization and training of all transport, remounts, and supply services; A.S.C. technical equipment; organization of civilian transport for training and mobilization; harness and saddlery; clothing, equipment, and general stores; supplies of stationery, forms, and books; issue of military publications; supply of all vehicles and technical equipment, excepting Artillery and Engineers; storage and distribution of small arms and ammunition; general administration, training, and distribution of officers and men of the N.Z. Veterinary Corps; veterinary stores and equipment; co-operation with the Stock Department of the Public Service; Army Motor Reserve; manoeuvre areas. 44. Supplies at Annual Training-camps. (a.) Supplies. The supplies required for this year's annual brigade training-camps were obtained by direct purchase by the Quartermaster-General. This method was adopted not only because it was considered the cheapest, but also because local considerations had to be taken into account. It was the object of the Department to obtain as many supplies as possible locally, especially as nearly all the camping-grounds were given free of charge by public-spirited members of the locality. When the prices were considered too high, then orders were given to large firms outside the locality, from whom quotations had previously been obtained, and by so doing very economical arrangements were arrived at.

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With reference to the supplies required for next year's camps, including canteens, it is proposed that each O.C. District shall invite tenders for the same for the camps and canteens to be held in his district. These tenders will be submitted to the Quartermaster-General (with the O.C. District's recommendation) for approval, in order that he may compare the prices of the four districts, and satisfy himself that the rates are reasonable. The units of the brigades in camp, instead of drawing the usual ration allowance and making their own arrangements as to supplies, as hitherto, were supplied with rations, &c, to scale in kind from the brigade-camp supply and ordnance depot, thus not only relieving the Regimental Staffs of a considerable amount of responsibility, and leaving them more opportunity of devoting their attention to the training of their commands, but also ensuring a more uniform system of supply. To control the receipt and issue of supplies and ordnance stores in the brigade camps, brigade supply and ordnance officers (Territorial) were selected in each district, and a central supply-depot was formed in each brigade camp. The selected supply officers were assembled at Headquarters in January last for a fortnight's course of instruction in their duties, under the Quartermaster-General. In conducting the supply-depot, each Brigade Supply Officer had the assistance of a selected Staff non-commissioned officer of the Army Service Corps, and also the following Staff, selected prior to the camps from the units undergoing training : Supply Staff —Two clerks, three butchers, four issuers; Ordnance Staff—two clerks, four issuers. (b.) Canteens. In order to provide "dry" canteens at the various brigade camps, tenders were invited as widely as possible in the four districts, and the highest tenders accepted for the privilege of conducting these dry canteens. The proceeds of the tenders have been distributed to the various brigades pro rata and devoted by the Officers Commanding to the provision of extra supplies, comforts, recreation facilities, &c, required during the camps for the troops assembled. Complaints were made in some cases of high prices being charged. This will be rectified next year by the issue beforehand of a fixed scale of prices. (c.) Rations and Forage. The following daily scale of rations for issue in the brigade camps was laid down, and proved.ample for all requirements:— .... Allowance Artlole ' per Man. Bread 41b. Meat .. .. .. l| lb. Tea .. .. | oz. Sugar .. .. .. 4 oz. Cheese .. .. .. 2 oz. Jam .. .. .. 4 oz. Potatoes .. .. .. 1 lb. Onions .. .. . . 4 oz. Butter .. .. .. 4 oz. Salt .. .. .. | oz. Pepper .. .. .. -faoz. Porridge .. . . . . 2 oz. Coffee ... .. .. i oz. Milk (fresh) .. .. .. 3 gallons, 50 men. or Milk (tin) .. .. .. 1 tin, 8 men. Flour .. .. .. | lb. twice a week. Baking-powder .. .. \ lb. forJJOjnen, twice a week. Biscuits .. .. .. I lb. (6 to a pound). Kindling-wood .. .. One cord per 10 days ) When Salamander kitchen Coal .. .. .. 3 cwt. per oven per day j is used. Candles .. .. - .. 1 candle per tent. p , ~, ' | When Salamander kitchens are not used. Straw .. .. .. 10 lb. per man. Oats .. .. .. 10 lb. per day per horse. Oat-sheaf chaff .. ..12 Ib. As this was the first year of training in brigade camps, it was decided to err rather on the side of having more rations than not enough, and as the scale laid down proved more than ample, it is hoped, in view of the experience gained, to decrease it next year. (d.) Field Cooking. Field (Salamander) cooking-ovens had been recently obtained, and were issued to the camps in the proportion of two to each regiment. These proved a great success, and, besides enabling the Regimental cooking to be carried out under more favourable circumstances, also gave a considerable saving in labour and fuel; in fact, the saving in fuel alone at the brigade camps has

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already paid the first cost of these cookers. It is considered that an additional supply should be obtained this year, some of a smaller pattern for use of the smaller units, such as Field Engineers, Field Batteries, and Medical Corps; the larger cookers to be used for regimental and brigade camps. The adoption of this field cooker eliminates the use of the camp-oven, fry-pan, and the 8 gal. and 20 gal. boilers, which were never very satisfactory, the camp-ovens especially being a constant source of expense owing to breakages, on account of their brittle nature. There is a good supply of camp-kettles in the Dominion, but, owing to the hard usage they receive, many have become unserviceable, and will require replacing this year. In order to enable units to become self-supporting as regards cooking in camp or on manoeuvres, &c, a months' course of instruction in field cooking was carried out at Trentham in October. This course was attended by forty-seven candidates selected from the various units, and covered instruction in kitchen-work, field cooking, construction of field ovens, &c, and special instruction in cooking for invalids in the field. Thirty-eight candidates qualified as competent to supervise the cooking of a regiment, seven as company cooks, and two candidates failed to complete the course owing to illness. _ The establishments provide for a Sergeant Cook per regiment, and it was decided to grant them Is. 6d. per diem extra-duty pay, and other qualified cooks Is. per diem extra-duty pay, in addition to the pa} ; - of their rank, together with exemption from other military training during the year. A- further course of instruction will be held this year, but further inducements will be necessary to ensure an adequate supply of cooks, as hitherto the number forthcoming has been very disappointing. (c.) Camp Equipment. Ihere are 2.937 tents (circular) in the Dominion, of which number sixteen have been seventeen years in use, 311 have been thirteen years in use, 782 have been twelve years in use, 542 have been five years in use, and the balance from one to three years. It has been observed from the service of many of these tents that they are not suitable for camps held late in the season, and they must be replaced shortly. The same applies to marquees. We have not sufficient tents in the Dominion to accommodate the whole of our troops if brigaded, and we have so far been able to provide sufficient camp equipment for the different units only because they have not been encamped at one and the same time. It -will therefore be necessary, if combined training of the various arms is to be carried out next year, to place an order at once for an additional supply of tents and marquees. The supply of waterproof ground-sheets at present available in the Dominion for the use of the Forces is but 8,000, which, it will be recognized, is a totally inadequate number. The reason the supply has not been increased latterly was that it was deemed advisable to withhold any further orders while the high prices for rubber ruling recently were maintained. It will now be necessary to order a large supply of these ground-sheets, so that they may be available for the use of the troops during next training season. Hie following scale governed the issue of camp equipment, as far as available, to the brigade camps : —

Scale, including officers and G' lard. Nature of Stores. £?„ ,, , , Staff. Mounted Rifles, Brigade Staff. Mounted Field Rifles, Artillery, per M20. per 100. Garrison Artillery and Meld'RE., per 100. infantry, Per 100. per M20. Axes, felling, helved . . . . . . 1 1 Axes, pick .. .. .. .. I 1 2 Buckets, water .. .. .. 12 25 Basins, washhand .. .. . . 12 23 Boilers with lid, 9 gal. .. . . . . . . 1 20 gal. .. .. . . . . 1 Candlesticks, bayonet . . . . . . 3 23 Choppers, meat . . . . . . . . 1 Crowbars (if required) . . . . . . 1 1 Dishes, meat .. .. .. .. .. 23 Kettles, camp . . . . .. . . 20 Lanters, stable . . . . . . 14 6 Racks, arm, tent (large loop) .. .. .. 20 Spades 2 4 Shovels .. .. .. .. J 2 4 Tents, circular, complete . . . . J 12 23 Marquees .. . . .. .. 2 1 Ropes, picket, 20 yards .. .. .. | 1 5 Brooms, bass .. .. .. .. I 2 4 Screens, latrine . . . . Sheets, ground . . . . .. 12 120 Rakes, iron, 16 in. .. .. .. 2 4 i 2 3 20 20 1 1 20 1 ] 2 20 15 6 * 4 20 2 3 4 1 2 20 20 1 1 20 1 1 20 15 6 20 ■ 2 2 20 2 1 1 20 20 1 1 16 1 1 15 15 2 14 2 2 16 100 4 100 100 I Note. —A battalion of Infantry is allowed two marquees; s Field Ambulances are allowed, each, one marquee and one tent (o squadrons c perating). if Mounted Rifles and

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One tent per each eight men was provided for the Infantry camps, and one tent per each six men was provided for the Mounted Rifles camps, the increased accommodation in the latter being to provide room for the saddlery. All camp equipment was issued to regiments direct from the depot as required, thus obviating any loss by direct consignment in small lots, or doubt as to quantities taken into use. On the termination of the camps, all camp equipment in use by the units assembled was returned to the depot, and the necessary arrangements as to deficiencies, &c, made without any delay. For this purpose Regimental Quartermaster-sergeants were instructed to remain on' departure of their regiments under the orders of the Brigade Supply Officer till accounts for rations and equipment had been checked and adjusted. (f.) Transport. Fur the transport work of the camps in the four districts, and the conveyance of stores, equipment, and baggage from the railway sidings to the camp-sites, the Artillery horses and transport wagons in each district, with the necessary complement of Artillery drivers, were utilized as soon as the Field Artillery Brigade camps concluded, and the exigences of the service permitted. Civilian transport was therefore only necessary for the transport of such equipment and stores as was arriving at the railway sidings before the artillery transport was available, or where, when the bulk of the camp stores was coming to hand, the Artillery transport was not sufficient for prompt removal of the supplies to the camp supply-depots. This enabled the cost of hiring civilian transport to be kept as low as possible. The hire of civilian transport was, of course, necessary for the carriage of the baggage and equipment of squadrons, companies, etc., from and to their headquarters on proceeding to entrain for the camps, or on their detraining on return. Every endeavour will be made next year to have the camps close to the railway-line in order to save transport. 45. Railway ,and Steamer Transport for Annual Camps. The excellent arrangements made by the Railway Department for the conveyance of troops and horses, baggage, camp equipment, and supplies to camps cannot be permitted to pass without mention, and the thanks of this Department are due to all Railway officers concerned, particularly District Traffic and Goods staffs, and for the loan of railway sleepers and tarpaulins for the protection of stores at the camp-sites. The Railway Department also constructed a ramp at the Sutton (Otago District) camp siding, to facilitate the unloading of horses; and at the Oringi (Wellington District) camp siding arranged for the lengthening of the loading-bank by 40 ft., and the increase of the existing sidingaccommodation by the provision of a back-shunt at each end of the original loop siding, to facilitate the detraining of troops, horses, and supplies. These increased facilities greatly assisted the work of the camps, by thus enabling the disembarkation and embarkation of troops, horses, and supplies to be carried out more expeditiously, and the work of the camps to proceed without undue delay. The accommodation at Cambridge (Auckland District) and Hornby (Canterbury District) proved ample for the Department's requirements in this respect. Special thanks are due to the Public Works Department for enabling the West Coast troops to be conveyed over the section under construction from Bealey Flat to the Cass, which obviated their camping for the night at the 'former place, and for the steps taken to effect repairs and enable their return after the damage resulting from the inclement weather at the termination of the camp. The Railway Department must also be mentioned in this connection for the provision of carriages instead of open trucks for the use of the Public Works Department, which precluded the troops suffering from exposure in the latter after their march through the gorge from the Otira railhead. In connection with the Railway transport for the late brigade camps, the good system adopted by numbering plainly the carriages, &c, used for the conveyance of the troops' horses, equipment, &c, to and from the camp for the respective units, squadrons, companies, &c, proceeding, greatly facilitated the work of entraining. In many instances it was necessary for small bodies of troops from the smaller centres coming to the camps, where railway facilities did not exist, to proceed by the local coach-lines to the nearest railway-station, and in this respect the local coaching-facilities proved ample for the requirements. It was necessary to convey the Nelson and Picton troops required to proceed to the Yaldhurst camp by steamer to Lyttelton, and by arrangement with the Union Steamship Company the s.s. " Navua " was detailed to carry the troops, equipment, and guns required from Nelson and Picton on the 17th and 20th March respectively, the whole returning per s.s. " Monowai," leaving Lyttelton on the evening of the 28th March. Owing to the existing steamer time-tables, and the necessity of precluding Sunday travelling, it would have been necessary to charter a special steamer to have returned the bulk of the 11th (North Auckland) Regiment (Whangarei) to its Headquarters and other centres along the east coast on the termination of the Infantry brigade camp at Cambridge. To obviate this, it was decided to curtail this regiment's period of training by one day, to enable it to be despatched by the ordinary steamer for Whangarei and northwards, the west coast men being despatched overland from Whangarei to Hokianga and elsewhere.

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As to concentrate the 10th (Nelson) Mounted Rifles for training at the Mounted Rifles brigade camp would have entailed the sea transport of the bulk of two squadrons and their horses from Collingwood, Takaka, Motueka, &c, to Nelson or Picton, and the whole regiment with horses and baggage thence to Lyttelton, it was decided that this regiment should, on this occasion, be permitted to hold two local camps of two squadrons each. In view of the necessity of sea transport from Gisborne to the railhead at Napier, it was also decided to permit A Squadron of the 9th (Wellington East Coast) Mounted Rifles to hold a squadron camp near Gisborne. For the same reason the 11th (North Auckland) Mounted Rifles encamped at the Bay of Islands. But little or no economy was effected by having these extra camps instead of paying for steamer transport, and it will probably be found cheaper next year to bring all units to central camps. 46. The Army Service Corps. Now that the four Army Service Corps Sergeants-major have arrived, steps are being taken to organize the Army Service Corps companies required for the Force, and posting will take place this year. There will be eight companies altogether, made up as follows : Four for each divisional train. In addition to the above, there will be four depot companies. The location of these companies is now under consideration. 47. Artillery Horses and Mules. The number of Artillery horses required for the Field Artillery cadres in the centres where field batteries have been established have been selected by officers of the Veterinary Corps, and after the necessary training as gun-horses by the Field Artillery Section Royal N.Z. Artillery, have been distributed as follows: Auckland, 10; Hamilton, 8; Napier, 8; Palmerston North, 10; Nelson, 10; Christchurch, 12; Dunedin, 27 (14 for Invercargill); Wellington, 22: total, 107. Fifteen mules for the Mountain Battery at Wellington have also been acquired and trained. Where gun-horses have been stationed, the necessary contracts for the supply of forage, as required, have been effected. 48. Artillery Gun-sheds, Quarters, and Stables. The establishment of field batteries in the various centres necessitated the provision of accommodation for the horses, guns, and Field Artillery cadres to be stationed there. The necessary sites have been acquired where such were not already available, and contracts arranged for the necessary buildings. The sites have been prepared and buildings are in course of construction at Auckland (Devonport) and Hamilton. At Palmerston North, Napier, Nelson, Christchurch, Dunedin, and Invercargill the sites are being prepared, and buildings will be proceeded with as soon as the sites are ready. In the meantime temporary stabling, &c, has been provided at these centres. 49. Drill-halls. To supoly drill-halls at every small drill centre throughout the Dominion where small numbers of the Territorial Force or Senior Cadets require to be drilled is, as I said last year, an impossibility on account of the cost. Local authorities were approached with a view to obtaining the use of halls, buildings, schools, and school-grounds within their jurisdiction free, or at nominal rates, for training purposes. This met with a general response, and in many cases buildings, &c, have been placed at the disposal of the Department for training purposes free of charge, or at nominal rates, to cover lighting, cleaning, &c. Where no public or semi-public buildings exist it has been necessary to hire halls, &c, from their private owners for training, store, or office purposes, as required. By section 75, Defence Amendment Act, 1912, all drill-sheds, lands, &c, held by or in trust for any body of Volunteers were vested in the Crown, and the trustees abolished. This was necessary owing to the fact that under the present training scheme the increased number of troops using these buildings, Arc, precluded any appreciable revenue being derived by letting; and further, owing to the direct equipment of the Forces by the Department, and the abolition of capitation allowances to units, the latter had no funds on which the trustees could levy for maintenance purposes. This affected some fifty drill-sheds and reserves vested in trustees under previous Acts, and some twenty-five buildings held by or for corps under deeds of trust or on other forms of tenure. These have been taken over, and liabilities met where existing. The latter comprised mortgages, Ac.-, in several instances (including Dunedin Garrison Hall, debentures £4,000; Invercargill Garrison Hall, mortgage £3,000; Christchurch Drill-shed —King Edward Barracks— debentures £2,000), the interest on which would have become a recurring charge against the Department. In several instances the terms of the trust under which these private drill-halls are held preclude them from the operations of the section quoted, as provided by subsection (7), and in others the circumstances are being investigated with a view to obtaining legal decisions on the matter. In one or two cases where titles or the purposes for which held are obscure, special legislation will probably be found necessary to place them on a satisfactory basis In all cases where drill-sheds have been taken over by the Department, these have been placed under the direct control of the District Headquarters Staffs, so that they may be fully utilized for the training of the local Forces.

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In some of the larger centres where insufficient accommodation exists, the leasing of suitable premises has been carried out, such as Hamilton, where the Horse-bazaar has been leased; Palmerston North, where the Manawatu Agricultural and Pastoral Association premises have been leased; and Hawera, where the Winter Show Society's premises have been leased. Ultimately permanent accommodation will be required at these centres. The Dunedin and Invercargill Garrison Halls being insufficient for requirements, it has been decided to provide new drill-halls, and ultimately dispose of the present accommodation, as provided by the Defence Amendment Act, 1912. The necessary sites have been secured, plans and specifications approved, and the buildings are being proceeded with as early as possible. During the year the Hutt Drill-shed (private trust) has been acquired, and the purchase of a small hall at Kumara authorized. The question of acquiring the Kaikoura Drill-shed (private trust) is also under consideration. Sites have been secured and arrangements made for the erection of suitable buildings at Reefton, Huntly, Levin, Feilding, and Opotiki. Repairs and alterations, as under, have been effected or authorized in the following cases : Paeroa Drill-shed, additional store and office accommodation; Ashburton Drill-shed, additional storerooms and repairs; Waimate Drill-shed, additional storeroom; Blenheim Drill-shed, additional orderly rooms; Sheffield, storeroom purchased; Hutt Drill-shed, drainage, Ac; Pahiatua Drill-shed, additional store and office accommodation; Hawera Drill-shed, store and orderly rooms; Auckland Drill-shed, alterations to provide more office-accommodation; Napier Drillshed, repairs; Wellington Garrison Hall, minor repairs; King Edward Barracks, Christchurch, repairs and alterations to orderly rooms; Port Chalmers Drill-shed, repairs and alterations; Clevedon Orderly Room, repairs; Timaru Drill-shed, repairs; Timaru Band-room, drainage; Hokitika Drill-shed, repairs; Waimate Drill-shed, repairs; Leeston Orderly Room, repairs; Wanganui Drill-shed, repairs. The accommodation available at the various drill-halls and orderly rooms for storing the clothing and equipment on issue to regiments and battalions is not in all cases suitable, and further repairs or alterations will be necessary in many instances to provide suitable storage-accommoda-tion. In some cases articles have been destroyed by rats, and care will need to be taken in future that rooms used for storage purposes must be rendered rat-proof. The Timaru Drill-shed was recently damaged by fire to the extent of about £70. The damage is being made good under the insurance policy. When the drill-sheds were controlled by local trustees, some were insured by them from revenue. The premiums falling due in these cases are being renewed by the Department. As the question of generally insuring all drill-sheds and defence buildings is one of policy, this matter has been referred for consideration of Cabinet. 50. Departmental Stores, Offices, and Magazines. The new offices for the Director Equipment and Stores and his clerical staff, to replace the old and insanitary premises previously occupied, have been completed, and have very considerably facilitated the despatch of business. Additions to the Defence Store, Auckland (Mount Eden), have been made to provide for the increased supply of camp equipment, Ac, it is necessary to maintain there. Further district storeaccommodation in Christchurch is necessary to cope with the requirements of the district, and it is hoped provision will be made for a new building this year. The provision of additional magazine-accommodation is necessary for small-arms ammunition in the South Island, and more particularly in the Otago Military District. There is not sufficient small-arms ammunition stored in the South Island in proportion to the small arms on issue, owing to the want of magazines to store it under service conditions. 51. Armourers. During the year the engagements of two Armourers from the Imperial service expired. The establishment of Armourers at present is—one Senior Armourer (Imperial warrant officer), one Armourer Quartermaster-sergeant, five Armourer Serjeants, one Assistant Armourer, and four Armourer apprentices. During the year five Assistant Armourers qualified for appointment as Armourer Sergeants, four Armourer aprentices have been appointed on probation (six months) for a five-years course of training, and also one Assistant Armourer. The Senior Armourer reports that the apprentices are diligent in their work, and anxious to become competent in their profession. The Senior Armourer remains at the Headquarters store, Wellington, for technical purposes and training the apprentices as required. The remaining Armourers are distributed, two to each district, for the inspection and repair of arms throughout the year. All regiments and units were visited by the district Armourers during such times as the troops were in camp; the final reports on the arms in the districts are not yet available. From interim reports it would appear that a considerable improvement in the care and preservation of all arms has been effected. This has no doubt been contributed to by more frequent inspection b}? Staff Instructors and Regimental Quartermaster-sergeants. In view of the increased number of small-arms and machine guns in the Dominion, and now on order, the question of a further increase to the staff of Armourers will have to be considered if the arms are to be inspected annually: but in this respect, as the initial work of establishing the new system of universal training and equipping the Forces decreases, no doubt officers, Instructors, and especially Quartermaster-sergeants, will be able to relieve the work of the Armourers considerably by making more frequent inspections and reports on such arms as come under their notice as requiring attention.

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52. Small-arms. During the past year 2,000 rifles, M.L.E., Mark 111, were imported, and this will enable the Department to complete the arming of the Coast Defence Troops and Mounted Rifles with this particular pattern of rifle, and possibly one or more regiments at the chief centres. The M.L.E. Long rifles at present on issue to these regiments will then be available for issue to Senior Cadets and to those liable for universal training who are posted to Rifle Clubs. An order for 15,000 additional M.L.E. rifles, Long (Mark I and Mark I*), has been placed with the War Office, and it is expected the first consignment thereof will shortly arrive. 15,000 M.L.E. rifles (part worn) have also been obtained in Canada. With these and the M.L.E. Short rifle, Mark I, the Martini Enfield, and the '310 rifles at present in the Dominion, it is hoped to arm the whole of the Senior Cadet companies during the year. The following return shows the small arms in the Dominion :— Rifles in use by Territorials and Senior Cadets — M.L.E. (Short), Mark I ... ... ... ... ... 1,924 M.L.E. (Short), Mark 111 ... ... ... ... 11,895 M.L.E. (Long), Mark I* ... ... .. ... ... 16,398 M.E. ' ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,124 31,341 Rifles sold to Defence Rifle Clubs — M.L.E. (Long), Mark I* ... ... ... ... ... 2,935 M.E. ... ... ... ... ... . . ... 2,607 5,542 Carbines on issue to Cadets — M.L.E. ... ... ... ... ... 1,485 M.E. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2,515 ■310 (Cadet pattern) ... ... ... ... ... 1,058 5,058 Total arms available in Dominion ... ... ... 41,941 53. Small-arms Ammunition. The reserves of small-arms ammunition have been increased by one and a quarter million rounds, and no complaint as to its quality has been received from any branch of the Forces or Rifle Clubs during the year. The first instalment of the increased annual order of cordite, previously placed in England, has been received, though, owing to strikes at Home and other causes, it did not arrive as early as anticipated. 54. Accoutrements. The balance of the 16,000 sets of Mills Web pattern Infantry equipment previously ordered, with water-bottles to complete, have been received during the year, and are on issue to the Infantry regiments. _ An additional 6,000 sets of this equipment will be required to complete the equipment of the present establishment of our Infantry, and provide a small reserve. For the Railway Corps, Post and Telegraph Battalions, and Coast Defence Troops, an order for 10,000 Web waist-belts, with two pouches and frog each, has been placed, and also an order for 16,000 Web slings, for use with the increased supply of rifles. The Mounted regiments are equipped with the brown-leather bandolier equipment, of which 1,000 additional sets have been obtained locally during the year, to maintain establishment. So far a satisfactory Web Mounted equipment has not been evolved, and we have perforce to adhere in the meantime to the existing leather pattern bandolier. Only 1,000 tools (entrenching), with carrier complete, have been obtained, and consequently, in order thoroughly and properly to equip our Infantry regiments, and complete the Mills Web Infantry equipment, it will be necessary to obtain 20,000 more of these tools and carriers. 55. Transport Vehicles. (a.) In addition to the four carts, tool R.E. double, fitted with shaft draught, at present on issue to Field Engineers, two more have arrived from England. These are fitted with pole draught, and are also available for issue to Field Engineers. (b.) The four pontoon wagons, complete with pontoons, ordered for instruction of Field Engineers, arrived in the Dominion in November, and were used during the annual camps of instruction. (c.) One cart (Maltese) has since been received. This is a sample, so that others, if required, may be manufactured in the Dominion. (d.) Provision should be made this year for additional general service wagons in addition te five (colonial pattern) already on hand, as dependence on the various types of carts,

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expresses, Ac, available for hire locally, especially in the vicinity of encampments, is not satisfactory, and would make mobilization extremely difficult. Wagons and horses should also be obtained for our transport in the four centres. The amount at present paid for carriage of our stores to and from railways and wharves is considerable, and a substantial saving in this, respect could be effected by the Department carrying out its own cartage. (c.) There are at present nine water-carts in the Dominion, exclusive of those belonging to the field batteries. This number was sufficient for regimental camps only. Additional carts are an absolute necessity for the larger camps. (/.) Three cable-wagons, with cable and telegraph stores, have been received during the year, and, with one previously to hand, are available for the equipment of the four Infantry Brigade Signal Companies. (g.) Five small-arms-ammunition carts are available. (h.) Three Imperial and five colonial pattern ambulance wagons are available. 56. Signalling-stores. For the Mounted and Infantry Signal Troops a supply of signalling-lamps, heliographs, and flags is available, and each Senior Cadet company is being supplied with a set of signalling-flags and poles. 57. Medical Equipment. During the year, on the recommendation of the Director of Medical Services, new medical chests and surgical haversacks were procured locally for the use of troops in camps. These have the advantage of being considerably less expensive than the medical panniers and surgical haversacks hitherto procured from England, and the drugs for refilling can be procured in the Dominion. An additional supply of field stretchers and hospital beds for use in the field has also been procured. 58. Veterinary Equipment. The Director of Veterinary Services and Remounts has devised veterinary chests for the use of troops in the field. These chests are procurable in the Dominion, and are considerably less expensive than those hitherto imported. They also have the advantage that they can be refilled with drugs procured locally. 59. Clothing. (a.) Territorial Force and Senior Cadets. The free issue of uniform clothing to the Territorial Force and Senior Cadets, which commenced last year, has been steadily continued, and, with few exceptions, all demands for clothing have been executed immediately on receipt, the exceptions being greatcoats and puttees. Considerable difficulty has been experienced by the Department' in obtaining the necessary supply of these two articles to meet all demands. Since last year, 13,588 greatcoats and 15,047 pairs of putties have been taken over from the contractors and issued to regiments and units, but there still remains a considerable quantity of these items required to complete the equipment of the Forces. Every effort has been made by the Department to fully equip the Forces with clothing, but the manufacturers, while doing their best to meet our requirements, complain of the scarcity of labour for their factories, and also that the woollen-mills are unable to supply the necessary material for working up the greatcoats, hence the delay. The clothing supplied by the contractors for the period ending 31st May, 1913, has been fully up to the original samples. (b.) Territorial Force. From the commencement of the free issue of uniforms to the Territorial Force up to 31st May, 1913, the following articles of clothing have been received into store and issued : — Received. Issued. Jackets ..: <■■ ... .... 33,270 24,652 Trousers ... ... ... ... ... 25,305 18,129 Pantaloons ... ... ... ... ... 9,122 6,466 Felt hats ... ... ... ... ... 34,664 18,585 Caps ... ... .. .. -■ ... 30,007 25,073 Greatcoats ... ... ..." ".. ••• 22,444 21,666 Puttees (pairs) ... ... ... ... ... 25,031 25,000 As may be readily understood, the receiving and examining of 165,266 and issuing of 138,980 articles of uniform equipment without undue delay has entailed a considerable amount of labour. (q.) Senior Cadets. The issue of clothing to Senior Cadets, which commenced in April, 1912, has continued steadily during the year. The uniform consists of felt hat (with leather strap), shirt (blouse pattern), shorts, puttee hose, and Web waist-belt. This uniform was issued to the New Zealand Senior Cadets who visited Canada last year. The smart appearance of the New Zealand Cadet uniform was an

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outstanding feature of the parades, in which Cadet teams from all parts of the Empire took part, and the judges had no difficulty in awarding the prize for the most suitable kit to the New Zealand Cadets. It was originally decided that Senior Cadet companies could elect to wear either trousers or shorts, but after a trial it was found more suitable to have them all clothed alike. The trousers are, accordingly, at small cost, being converted into shorts, and all Cadet companies in the Dominion will wear the same pattern uniform. During the year ended 31st May, 1913, 23,901 complete suits have been issued to Senior Cadet companies. A supply of Web belting has lately been received from England, and waist-belts are now being made up locally, at the rate of 3,000 per week, and being issued accordingly. (d.) Clothing Contracts. Prior to the termination of the first two-year contracts for supplies of uniforms, the opinions of all Permanent Staff officers throughout the Dominion were obtained as to any suggestions for improving the uniforms, so that such could be taken into consideration. On the whole, general satisfaction was expressed in regard to the manufacture, quality of material, and appearance of the uniform. Tenders were called for a further two-year supply as from 31st March, 1913, and contracts have now been entered into with manufacturers for the necessary supplies for that period. The cost of uniforms for the various services, under the new contracts, is slightly lower than that under the previous contracts, as shown by the following schedule : — Delivered at Defence Stores. Contract, Contract, 1911-13. 1913-15. Mounted Rifles and Field Artillery, consisting of jacket, pantaloons, hat, £ s. d. £ s. d. cap, greatcoat, and puttees ... .. ... ...440 400 Garrison Artillery and Infantry, consisting of jacket, trousers, hat, cap, greatcoat, and puttees . . .. ... ... ... 319 0 315 0 Senior Cadets, consisting of shirt, shorts, hat with strap, and puttee hose 18 2 16 8 (c.) Service Boots. During the year the sale of service boots to the Territorial Force has considerably increased, 2,502 pairs having been issued, showing that the want of a serviceable boot for drill and camp purposes was generally felt; 6,364 pairs have been sold altogether. Complete satisfaction has been expressed with the pattern adopted. (f.) Life of Clothing. The periods for which the articles of clothing issued to the Territorial Force and Senior Cadets will be expected to last was taken into consideration at a recent conference of Officers Commanding Districts and heads of departments. It is expected the jacket will last the whole period of service, but that a reissue of trousers will have to be made after three years. The overcoats should be serviceable for a considerable period. The definite terms will be announced shortly. (g.) Reserves of Clothing. It is proposed to create reserves of clothing to the extent of 5,000 sets for each arm of the Territorial Force, so that future requirements may be promptly met. 60. Books, Forms, etc. A large number of military books and Training Manuals have been obtained during the year, and distributed to district libraries and the troops for training purposes. A complete revision of all departmental forms has also been made, to bring these into line with present Regulations and requirements. This was a considerable undertaking, as every form hitherto in use had to be completely revised and reprinted. Owing to the great pressure of work in the Government Printing Office, the new forms were not printed as quickly as desirable. In addition, paper targets of various patterns, as required for the revised Musketry Courses, have been supplied. 61. Defence Vessels. The auxiliary steamers " Janie Seddon," at Wellington, and "Lady Roberts," at Auckland, and the three oil-launches at Port Chalmers, Lyttelton, and Wellington, belonging to the Department are utilized throughout the year at the four centres for departmental purposes, such as conveyance of troops and stores to forts or elsewhere, towing of targets for gun practice, Ac, and also as far as possible to ensure their being revenue-producing and selfsupporting—for the Post and Telegraph Department (carriage of mails); Health Department (carriage of Port Health Officers); Stock, Public Works, and other Departments, for carriage of stores, Ac. 62. Military Publications. The following special publications have been issued since my last annual report in addition to the ordinary regular issue of General Orders (published monthly), N.Z. Army List, New Zealand Military Journal (published quarterly), and Reports on Examinations of Officers (published half-yearly) : —

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" Memorandum on the Training and Administration of the New Zealand Military Forces during the Year, Ist June, 1911, to 31st May, 1912, and for the Current Year ending 31st May, 1913 "; issued 14th October, 1912. " Financial Instructions for New Zealand Defence Forces " ; issued Ilth March, 1913. The Regulations for the New Zealand Military Forces published in 1911 have been recast and brought up to date, to meet the lequirements of Defence Amendment Act, 1912, and will be published in new book-form when gazetted. 63. Departmental Staff. The necessary reports as to the classification, Ac, of the officers and clerical staff (civil branch) of the Department have been rendered to the Public Service Commissioner, as required by the Public Service Act and Regulations, and it is hoped the resultant classification, when adopted, will tend to the efficiency and well-being of the Department. The work done by the civil branches of the Department during the year has been of a very high order, and, though the work has increased enormously since the introduction of the new scheme, to show how the clerical staff at Headquarters has risen to the occasion it has only been increased since 1910 by four cadets. The clerical staff in the districts makes up for its lack of numbers by efficiency and hard work. The work done by the stores' branches, both at Headquarters and in districts, is equally deserving of commendation. It is due to their unceasing activity that the Forces have been so rapidly clothed and equipped. 64. Army Motor Reserve Corps. This corps has been instituted since last year, and officers designate of it were of great assistance, and performed much valuable service at a Staff tour which was held for all senior officers in February last. The necessary regulations have been prepared for the administration of the corps, and steps are being taken to secure the services of the required number of members. This corps, when formed, will not cost the Department anything except when any of its members are called out for duty with the District or Headquarters Staffs. The proposed scale of allowances to officers with their cars is very low, and much below that obtaining in England and the cost of necessary car-hire in New Zealand. The corps will bring many of our leading citizens into close touch with the defence scheme, and would be required on mobilization for the Staffs of the Mounted and Infantry Brigades. It is unlikely that for the present the services of the corps will be called on to any great extent, but they would be invaluable in case of mobilization. The cars will be used chiefly by Headquarters and District Staffs when necessary for inspection duty, and for a limited number of staff tours, and will be no more expensive than horse-hire or ordinary coach-hire, wdiile affording quicker means of transport and a consequent saving of time. The limitations imposed by the Regulations as regards the number of days for which the officers are liable for service, and the check of no car being ordered except by authority of Headquarters, will prevent any indiscriminate use of motor-cars. The administration of the N.Z. Army Motor Reserve will be under the control of the Quartermaster-General at Headquarters. 65. Training or Manoeuvre Areas. With reference to the training-grounds in the Waimarino and Waimakariri districts, the former was not used this year, and will not be used until it is possible to concentrate all the troops in the North Island for training and manoeuvres. The latter was used for the brigade camps held in the Canterbury District. Further manoeuvre areas will be required in the Auckland, Wellington, and Otago Districts, available within easy reach of the District Forces for training or manoeuvres. A Manoeuvre Act, such as exists in England and Australia, is very necessary, and I am preparing a recommendation on the subject. SECTION IV.—THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT (FOUR OFFICERS). The Director of Ordnance and Artillery. The Assistant Director of Ordnance and Artillery and Instructor in Artillery Duties. The Testing Officer for Small-arms Ammunition. The Artillery Store Accountant. This section is responsible for armaments, including searchlights and other lights and all accessories, sites, designs, and armament for coast defences; settling scales of reserves of arms and ammunition of all kinds, and of technical equipment and vehicles of Artillery and Engineer units; provision and inspection of guns, small arms, ammunition; dealings with the Colonial Ammunition Company; machine guns, Artillery and Engineer vehicles and technical stores; construction and maintenance of permanent fortifications and works; store buildings; artillery and rifle ranges (in consultation with the Director of Training); general control and distribution of, and recruiting for, the Permanent Force (R.N.Z.A.); inspection of Artillery and Engineer units.

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66. Permanent Force. The establishment of the R.N.Z.A. is now 315 all ranks; it consists of 120 officers, N.C.O.s and men in the Field Artillery section, and 195 in the Garrison Artillery section. The duties performed by the latter section comprise, to some extent, those performed at Home by R.E. (electric lighting), Ordnance corps (artificers), A.S.C. (transport), and military clerks (clerical section) : — Establishment. Officers, N.C.O.s. Strength. Short, and Men. F.A. section ... ... ... ... 120 120 Gunnery section ... ... ... 127 109 18 Electric-light section ... ... ... 45 41 4 Artificers .. ... ... ... 16 13 3 Clerical section ... ... ... ... 7 6 1 315 289 26 Under 1 the new scheme the duties which the regiment is called upon to perform have increased enormously, and throughout the year there has been a constant demand on the services of N.C.O.s and men by the districts. This saves expense in labour, but at the same time it interferes with regimental training, and there is a consequent loss of efficiency. At one time there were 400 Garrison gunners alone in this Force with only Garrison Artillery duties to perform; now the armament, due to establishment of new batteries, has greatly increased, with a smaller number of men to look after it. Over 50 per cent, of the Force are recruits, and consequently not fitted for the more advanced work required in connection with armament, ammunition, and stores, which work is at Home intrusted to reliable and trained gunners. In addition, I regret to have to say recruits come in very slowly, and it has not been found possible to get up to establishment. A great many of the old and reliable gunners have left, some retiring on age-limit, while others have left to better their condition, giving as their chief reason that the pay does not compare favourably with that of civil employment or that of other departments in the Government service (Police, Railways, Prisons, Ac). These and all civil State employees have receive steady and substantial increases in pay since the pay of the R.N.Z.A. was increased in 1907, and I have made recommendations, tc which I trust effect will be given, for an increase of pay for the latter, and for a relaxation of regulations in respect of certain disabilities under which they labour at present in comparison with other departments of the Public Service. In addition to their proper Artillery duties, much good work has been done during the year by the Foree — e.g., pitching and striking camps, finding markers for the Dominion Rifle Association meeting, transport of stores to and from camps, Maxim-gun instruction, signalling, Senior Cadet instruction, care of detention prisoners, clerks, orderlies, Ac. The Field Artillery cadres have been distributed to the various centres, and have already proved a valuable nucleus to the Territorial batteries. Two warrant officers of the R.N.Z.A. have been promoted to commissioned rank. 67. Harbour Defences. Satisfactory practice has been carried out from the new batteries at Auckland and Wellington during the year. All troops allotted for coast-defence purposes trained together in annual camp for the first time this year, and combined schemes were carried out with satisfactory results. The coast-defence armament has been supplemented by the issue of 15-pr. B.L. field guns. The strength of the Territorial Garrison Artillery companies has been varied to suit local requirements. In the case of our Empire the primary requirement in war is that we shall be able to act on the offensive at sea. The unbroken history of the past teaches us that oversea expeditions, sustained operations on an enemy's coast-line, and blockades are impossible to a Power which is unable to assert and maintain naval superiority. On the other hand, raids are considered possible. A raid is an attempt to seize by surprise some point on or close to a coast-line, with a view to inflicting an injury which might cripple or diminish the fighting resources of an enemy. Although it is probable that the main efforts of an enemy, inferior at sea, will be directed against sea-borne commerce, we cannot guarantee that our ports will be immune from a raiding attack. The principle is that only ports containing resources of national importance—resources the destruction of which would directly reduce the capacity of the nation for carrying on war— should be fortified. All other ports must depend upon naval protection alone, and irresponsible threats of bombardment and the enforcement of indemnities can be disregarded. Bombardments would only lead to reprisals, which the superior naval Power can easily carry into effect; while indemnities can only be collected by a process of pillage involving the landing of men. This should be impossible if our Citizen Army is properly organized. It follows that New Zealand ports, at long distances from the bases of a possible enemy, should not be left defenceless if they contain docks, shipping, or large stores of coal. On the other hand, a few effective guns will amply suffice for their protection, provided there are local military forces able to repel such a landing-party as two or three cruisers, possibly accompanied by one or two transports, could supply. In my opinion, the existing coast defences of New Zealand, with some slight additional armament, are sufficient to meet all requirements. lam making this the subject of a confidential report.

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68. Permanent Fortifications and Works. No new fortifications or works have been constructed during the past year; those existing are in good order, and well cared for. The main magazine at Auckland, which formerly was badly ventilated, has had a new system of ventilation installed, and is now an excellent magazine. The Wellington main magazine, finished in 1908, has given a good deal of trouble owing to dampness, and is now being overhauled. Intercommunication in the different forts is being improved. A large building, formerly belonging to the Defence Store Department, was moved to Dorset Point, and re-erected for the accommodation of the Garrison Artillery Territorials at that fort. Dorset Point is very exposed, and the shed was found most useful during camp. The work was carried out entirely by the R.N.Z.A. artificers. Many small improvements, too detailed for report here, have been effected at the various forts during the year. 69. Ordnance. (a.) Field Guns and Howitzers. All the 18-pr. Q.F. field guns have arrived and are now in use. Six of the eight howitzers have arrived, four for Palmerston North, which have been issued, and two for Dunedin. When the remaining two howitzers arrive our field-gun equipment will be complete. 15-pr. B.L. oi' 6-pr. Q.F. field guns have been issued to certain colleges and schools. It is hoped that the training thus given to Cadets will be the means of providing good artillerymen in the future. (b.) Mountain Guns. The mountain guns received from England last year were returned, not being up to date. The latest advice received is that we are to be provided with the new 2"75 in. B.L. mountain gun now being issued to the British Mountain Artillery This gun fires a 12i lb. shell, and is mounted on a carriage which embraces all the latest ideas and requirements of modern field guns. The mountain battery is located at Wellington, as it is considered desirable to have mobile Artillery for the defence of the capital. Field Artillery is unsuitable for Wellington owing to the very hilly nature of the peninsula on which Wellington is situated, and to the fact that the only communication, except by rail, between the peninsula and the surrounding country is over steep hills and passes. (c.) Maxim Guns. During the past year thirty-six "303 Maxim guns, Mark 111, with Mark IV tripod mountings, packsaddlery, and stores complete, were received from England. One gun, with packsaddlery and stores complete, has been issued to each of the twenty-nine regiments of Mounted Rifles and Infantry. A supply of tripods is now under order, to be utilized for the conversion of the Maxim guns on carriage mountings previously in the Dominion. When these arrive the Department will be in a position to equip each regiment with two Maxim guns complete. (d.) Ordnance Stores and Ammunition. The annual indents have been put forward and the necessary reserves maintained. I have reported to you separately and confidentially on this subject. 70. The Colonial Ammunition Company. The Colonial Ammunition Company (Limited) is under contract to supply the Defence Department with 4,300,000 rounds '303 in. Mark VI ball ammunition, also 250,000 rounds '303 in. blank ammunition per year. The supply of this ammunition has been well maintained throughout the past year. The company is now in a position, and has machinery and plant available, to turn out 7,000,000 to 8,000,000 rounds ball ammunition annually should that quantity be required, the former-mentioned number of rounds being as stipulated in clause 22 of contract, the maximum supply. All the ammunition supplied during the past year lias passed satisfactory proof test. The question of uniform delivery of cordite, size 3|, for small-arm ammunition has been adjusted during the year, whereby the High Commissioner will place the annual order for 12 tons at one time, instead of ordering quarterly in batches of 3 tons each. By this arrangement it is hoped to ensure a supply of cordite being always on hand, and thereby obviate the difficulty of short supplies, as experienced in the past. 71. Artillery Ranges. No permanent artillery ranges exist in New Zealand. Field batteries shoot over land lent by station-owners or leased by the Defence Department. Fair ranges have hitherto been obtained by these means, but where temporary arrangements of this sort are made, no very elaborate system of targets is possible, and it is not always easy to ensure adequately the safety of the ranges. As the country becomes more closely settled, it will be increasingly difficult to obtain safe ranges. During the past year good ranges were obtained as follows : — Auckland District. —At Morrinsville, on ground lent by J. Starkey, Esq. Canterbury District. —At Springfield, on ground lent by Major P. Johnson. Otago District. —At Sutton, on ground leased from Messrs. Murray,, Roberts, and Co. In the Wellington District an indifferent range was available at Oringi. The manoeuvreground being absolutely flat, provided little instruction in the occupation of positions, and gave a poor idea of Artillery tactics.

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72. Rifle Ranges. There are 271 rifle ranges in the Dominion, the larger number of which are held on lease. In a number of cases, however, ranges are on private property, generally loaned by the owners thereof. Steps are being taken to acquire land where ranges are urgently required, and during the past year sites have been acquired at Tauranga, Otautau, Picton, Cambridge, Wanganui, Hikurangi, and approvals granted for taking land in other places. During the year repairs have been effected to ranges at Pelichet Bay, Tapawera, Trentham, Federal (Oamaru), Barengo, Waiuku, Inglewood, Geraldine, Ashburton, Ranfurly, Green Island, Ellerslie, Carterton, Ngatimoti, Dovedale, Akaroa, Wanganui, Milton, and to a number of others. Additions have been made to the range at Waverley, and a new one constructed at Dargaville. New mounds have been erected and targets provided on the Penrose, Kiwi, Feilding, Te Aroha, Kaukapakapa, and Kaeo ranges. A new site has been provided for the range at Cobden. The ranges at Hokitika, Reefton, and Picton have been fenced, and a magazine erected at Ashburton. Miniature ranges have been set up at Dunedin, Waikumete, Avondale, and on the roofs of the Post-offices at Wellington and Auckland. SECTION V.—THE DEPARTMENT: OF FINANCE (TWO OFFICERS). The Director of Accounts. The Accountant at Headquarters. This section is responsible for audit and examination of accounts; consideration and preparation of estimates; cash payments; financial advice; advice re contracts; control of accountants in districts; compiling and editing "Financial Instructions and Allowance Regulations for the New Zealand Military Forces," in consultation with the Quartermaster-General's branch. 73. The Past Year's Expenditure. A sum of £505,267 was expended out of the Consolidated Fund during the financial year ending the 31st March, 1913, to defray the cost of the administration, training, and equipping of the Forces of the Dominion. Owing to the camps for the year 1911-12 being held in the autumn, after the close of the financial year, the greater part of the expenditure in connection with them was included in the year 1912-13, thereby making the expenditure for the year under review appear somewhat larger than it actually should be. The alteration in the dates of the camps of training was made in order to meet, as far as practicable, the wishes of the employers of labour, and to cause as little inconvenience as possible to the business community. £90,000 of the amount appropriated out of the Consolidated Fund for capital and non-recurrent expenditure for 1911-12 was unexpended, and most of the liabilities for which it had been appropriated were met during the past year. 74. The Estimates for the Current Year. For the current year I am submitting the estimates for your consideration in a form somewhat different from that which has hitherto obtained. The items of expenditure are now so classified that it will be easier to discriminate between capital and non-recurrent outlay on guns, materiel, clothing, equipment, Ac, and the annual cost of the administration and training of the Forces. 75. Expenditure from the Public Work:* Contingent Defence Vote. With a view to providing for the expenditure in connection with drill-halls, mobilization stores, stables, magazines, and rifle ranges, and other works of a permanent nature, an amount of £60,000 was voted out of the Public Works Contingent Defence vote. Every endeavour was made to get the buildings and improvements in connection with the drill-halls and rifle ranges as far advanced as possible, but, owing to unforeseen circumstances arising, it was found impossible to get a great deal of the work done before the end of the year, consequently there is a credit balance of £36,204 in this vote. An amount of £339 was spent out of the Public Works Fund on harbour defences. 76. Liabilities of Volunteer Corps. The merging of the Volunteer corps into the Territorial Force, and the consequent cessation of payment of capitation allowances contingent on the Forces being fully equipped and administered by the Department, necessitated the liabilities of these corps, where existing, being taken over by the Department. A Board was accordingly set up in each district to investigate the accounts of these corps and the outstanding liabilities in this respect, and to eliminate any items not considered a fair charge against their Capitation Accounts. On the recommendations of these Boards all outstanding claims that have been received have been duly considered, and all reasonable liabilities have been equitably adjusted.

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77. Financial Instructions and Allowance Regulations. Financial Instructions and Allowance Regulations for the Forces have been gazetted and issued. These have supplied a long-felt want, are the means of ensuring rigid control of our expenditure, a better understanding of our financial requirements, and, with special reference to the report of the Commission on the Public Service of August last, will ensure that the relations of the Department with the Treasury and Audit are on a proper and satisfactory footing. In paragraph 29 of Appendix C of this report will be found instructions issued during the last year, with a view to ensuring that all possible economy is practised. 78. Staff. Excellent work has been done by the clerical staff of the Finance branch in the development of the scheme; but the work of the District Accountants is proving more than can be satisfactorily done by one man, and I have asked, for four cadets to assist them, one for each district. During the past year 22,321 vouchers have passed through this branch at Headquarters, and about 4,000 are dealt with annually by the District Accountants. 79. The Cost of the Scheme. Lord Kitchener gave no estimate of what the cost should be for New Zealand, but, as he said that the strength of the New Zealand Army should be approximately one-fourth that of Australia, it may be assumed that he estimated the cost to the Dominion to be also about onefourth of that which he recommended for Australia. His estimate for the annual expenditure for Australia was £1,884,000 (tide paragraph 104 of his report). One-fourth of this amount would be £471,000 per annum for New Zealand. The Australian estimates for last year for purely land defence, entirely exclusive of any expenditure in connection with the navy, or anything else except the army, are, I believe, £2,973,146, an excess of £1,089,146 over Lord Kitchener's estimate. One-fourth of this would be £743,286 for New Zealand. No separate sum for the necessary initial and capital expenditure for guns, equipment, clothing, &c, necessary to start the new scheme of universal training in. New Zealand has yet been allotted All this necessary initial expenditure has been paid and provided for out of the Consolidated Fund for 1911-12, £401,870, and for 1912-13, £505,267. 'Ihis has necessitated cutting down the training of the Forces in various respects. When the initial expenses have been paid, I am confident that our annual expenditure for the Forces, as now authorized, can be, at any rate for the next few years, kept down to about one-fourth of Lord Kitchener's estimate for Australia. APPENDICES. APPENDIX A.

NEW ZEALAND MILITARY FORCES 1913.—RETURN OF ATTENDANCE AT CAMPS BY UNITS.

Unit. "a If a I 1 " 2 O P. ■Sl-s £ & f-> to 3 as o a es P <0 o Eh \i§ * sisg ir: ■Sal 1 . lis* |Sa 9 d So*** 3 ,'? E a d do dSooo jjHoa 5 6 I 7 8 _L be L fl ■ .H-g f a* | . i. sis CD « P+5X! P-l ! fc 9 10 4^ « 3 B sS m ii 1 3rd (Auckland) Mounted Rifles 4th (Waikato) Mounted Rifles 1 lth (North Auckland) Mounted Rifles Auckland Field Artillery Brigade .. Auckland Garrison Artillery Division No. 3 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers Auckland Mounted Signal Troop Auckland Infantry Signal Company.. 3rd (Auckland) Regiment (" Countess of Ranfurly's Own") Coast Defence Detachment, 3rd (Auckland) Regiment (" C. of R. O.") 6th (Hauraki) Regiment 15th (North Auckland) Regiment .. 16th (Waikato) Regiment No. 5 Mounted Field Ambulance No. 1 Field Ambulance Auckland Military 375 I 4 i 379 400 j 13 j 413 287 i 4 291 196 i 11 ! 207 204 j 20 j 224 118 8 I 126 16 Nil : 16 82 5 i 87 599 56 655 District. 18 i 21 15 j 25 25 j 48 5 8 7 3 2 13 2 Nil 3 Nil 26 72 7 10 15 12 26 Nil 425 463 379 232 260 141 20 90 791 89-18 89-20 76-78 89-22 86-15 89-36 80-00 96-67 82-81 54 128 100 185 147 53 23 (Over) 125 479 591 479 417 407 194 43 74 916 2 Nil 38 236 j 30 | 266 24 55 Nil 345 77-10 87 432 403 i 105 j 508 468 ! 69 ' 537 570 i 50 620 18 ! 2 20 75 24 99 24 59 16 44 8 ! 90 3 Nil 1 1 36 19 18 INil 15 627 616 736 23 116 81-02 87-18 84-24 86-96 85-34 289 300 180 53 76 916 916 916 76 192 Totals .. 4,047 I 401 ! 4,448 179 I 439 5,264 84-50 1,784 7,048 198

Percentage of number who had leave from camp, including sick 625 Percentage of number absent without leave... ... ... 7"15 Percentage of number unaccounted for owing to change of residence or other known causes ... ... ... 282 16-22 + 83-78 = 100 % The difference in the strength of the Force—22,3o4 —shown in this return and that shown in paragraph 38 of the report is accounted for by the inclusion in the latter of men of the Eailway and Post and Telegraph Corps.

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APPENDIX A—continued. New Zealand Military Forces, 1913.—Return of Attendance at Camps by Units— continued.

27

Unit. m ■§■§! 2 £ o n a"Z£ CD s I I o o H 4 <eg 0 o ■eas *£% 1 » S JM.S -g o,a off -a ■* g |»g« g», u !|r« ill-, P O 6 7 8 i I o a if CM 9 1" S3 g a a & 10 i J I 11 1 3 B Cant: 'EBBUKV r MlLITA] Jt¥ Dl! 35 'RIOT. 38 1st Mounted Rifles (Canterbury Yeomanry Cavalry) 8th (South Canterbury) Mounted Rifles 10th (Nelson) Mounted Rifles Canterbury Field Artillery Brigade .. Nos. 4 and 8 Companies, N.Z. Garrison Artillery No. 1 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers Canterbury Mounted Signal Troop .. Canterbury Infantry Signal Company 1st (Canterbury) Regiment .. Coast Defence Detachment, 1st (Canterbury) Regiment 2nd (South Canterbury) Regiment . . 12th (Nelson) Regiment 13th (North Canterbury and Westland) Regiment Coast Defence Detachment, 13th (North Canterbury and Westland) Regiment No. 6 Mounted Field Ambulance No. 3 Field Ambulance .. .. I 375 21 396 5 474 83-54 j 5 I 479 295 338 183 130 31 Nil 8 14 326 338 191 144 26 27 17 25 28 21 14 10 9 J Nil 389 386 224 188 83-80 87-05 85-27 i 76-59 j 90 479 93 479 193 417 65 253 2 9 107 18 48 438 176 19 Nil 4 122 19 126 18 52 560 195 19 Nil 3 119 24 12 Nil 5 179 27 9 Nil Nil 56 Nil 166 18 60 914 246 75-90 100-00 86-67 61-27 79-27 28 194 25 43 2 62 2 916 186 432 498 548 548 133 83 89 631 631 637 114 86 76 102 180 148 49 2] 65 896 918 926 70-42 68-74 68-79 20 916 (Over) I 916 (Over) 916 68 10 78 8 13 13 112 69-64 (Over) 107 60 89 3 11 63 100 3 17 8 14 I Nil 74 132 85-14 75-76 2 76 60 192 1 Totals 3,919 567 4,486 599 799 239 i I 6,123 73-26 754 6,877 5th Mounted Rifles (Otago Hussars) 7th (Southland) Mounted Rifles 12th (Otago) Mounted Rifles Otago Field Artillery Brigade No. 2 Company, N.Z. Garrison Artillery No. 2 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers Otago Mounted Signal Troop Otago Infantry Signal Company 4th (Otago) Regiment Coast Defence Detachment, 4th (Otago) Regiment 8th (Southland) Regiment.. 10th (North Otago) Regiment 14th (South Otago) Regiment No. 7 Mounted Field Ambulance. .. No. 2 Field Ambulance 0: ITAGO M [IIJTARY DlSTBI [CT. 10 Nil 389 380 286 220 107 131 20 57 669 276 85-60 88-68 93-36 91-82 94-39 94-66 80-00 94-74 83-11 89-86 90 479 99 479 193 479 197 417 28 135 63 194 23 43 17 74 247 916 156 432 312 318 249 187 91 114 11 53 493 203 21 19 18 15 10 10 5 1 63 45 333 337 267 202 101 124 16 54 556 248 44 22 18 9 4 6 4 2 58 11 1 2 21 Nil 8 2 Nil Nil I 18 6 1 1 Nil 1 Nil Nil 37 11 473 524 507 29 121 65 55 78 2 9 538 579 585 31 130 8 36 6 3 129 9 11 i 2 I Nil 30 24 14 Nil Nil 748 683 ' 646 39 133 71-93 84-77 90-56 79-49 97-74 168 916 233 916 270 916 37 76 59 192 Totals 3,68-5 416 4,101 345 209 129 4,784 85-72 1,880 6,664 Queen Alexandra's 2nd (Wellington West Coast) Mounted Rifles 6th (Manawatu) Mounted Rifles 9th (Wellington East Coast) Mounted Rifles Wellington Field Artillery Brigade .. Mountain Artillery Battery Wellington Garrison Artillery Division No. 4 Fisld Company, N.Z. Engineers Wellington Mounted Signal Troop . . Wellington Infantry Signal Company 5th (Wellington) Regiment 7th (Wellington West Coast) Regiment 9th (Wellington East Coast) Regiment, 1st Battalion 9th (Wellington East Coast) Regiment, 2nd Battalion 11th Regiment (Taranaki Rifles) No. 8 Mounted Field Ambulance No. 4 Field Ambulance Weli LTNOTOIS f Milita: .by Dia STRICT. 5 394 j I 89-09 j 85 ! 479 350 1 351 22 ! 16 396 459 1 ] 397 460 30 21 5 9 Nil Nil 432 490 91-90 93-88 47 479 101 ! 591 175 124 268 105 18 23 692 675 698 2 Nil 1 4 Nil 1 9 1 2 177 124 269 109 18 24 701 676 700 11 3 16 12 2 1 67 42 14 4 2 4 10 1 Nil 25 30 10 Nil Nil Nil 9 Nil Nil 26 12 Nil 192 129 289 140 21 25 819 760 724 92-19 96-12 93-08 77-86 85-71 96-00 85-60 88-95 96-69 226 418 63 j 192 118 407 54 194 22 j 43 37 62 97 916 156 ' 916 192 , 916 650 5 655 11 17 6 689 95-07 227 916 803 51 129 2 5 805 52 134 6 1 11 10 Nil 4 6 Nil Nil 827 53 149 97-34 98-11 89-93 89 916 23 76 43 : 192 Totals 5,616 ! 36 I 5,652 270 147 64 6,133 i 92-16 I 1,580 7,713 5,998 |28,302 I Grand totals 17,267 1,420 I |l8,687 1,393 1,594 630 22,304 83-78

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APPENDIX B.

NEW ZEALAND MILITARY FORCES, 1913.

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Camp. Date. Units. B HI © a o Men. Camp-site, how obtained. Vaitati Jan. 10-18 (a.) Unit Camps. No. 2 Field Ambulance 4th (Otago) Regiment, Coast Defence Detachment 1 45 I Given by Mr. Bland. 'ahuroa Feb. 7-15 1 46 Given by Mr. J. B. S t a r k y, Tahuroa, Morrinsville. A Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery G Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery Auckland Brigade Ammunition Column Wellington Field Artillery Brigade Otago Field Artillery Brigade 4 4 2 2 1 93 44 48 ?orts at Devonport, Takapuna, and Bastion Fob. 14-22 Garrison Artillery Division Auckland Coast Defence Infantry Detachment 3rd (Auckland) Regiment No. 1 Field Ambulance 13 13 10 185 191 226 Government property. 1 4 "7 iVellington Feb. 14-22 Sth (Wellington) Regiment Wellington Garrison Artillery Division.. D Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery 1 st (Canterbury) Regiment 12th (Nelson) Regiment 1 6th (Waikato) Regiment No. 4 Field Ambulance Senior Cadets 28 424 D Battery, N. Z. F. A., on trek Trentham to Waikanae and return. Garrison Artillery Division at Forts, Government property. 5th (Wellington) Regiment, Trentham Rifle Range, Government property. 24 15 4 533 240 86 1 1 1 1 1 43 864 Westport Feb. 21-Mar. 1 13th (North Canterbury and Westland) Regiment, Coast Defence Detachment No. 8 Company, N.Z. Garrison Artillery 12th (Nelson) Regiment J 3th (North Canterbury and Westland) Regiment 3 68 54 I 2 Given by Westport Harbour Board. Sutton Feb. 28-Mar. 8 3 125 Rented; cost, £40 for all camps held at Sutton. No. 2 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers B Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery C Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery Otago Brigade Ammunition Column .. 7th (Southland) Mounted Rifles Senior Cadets 3' 5 2 102 95 69 15 1 1 i Lyttelton 1st (Canterbury) Regiment, Coast Defence Detachment No. 4 Company, N.Z. Garrison Artillery 1 st (Canterbury) Regiment 13th (North Canterbury and Westland) Regiment No. 1 Field Company, Engineers Canterbury Infantry Signal Company .. Lyttelton Marine Band No. 3 Field Ambulance No. 8 Company, N.Z. Garrison Artillery Canterbury Brigade Ammunition Column Brigade Staff Senior Cadets 11 6 283 Given by Mr. Gardner, Purau, and Government property. Mar. 7-15 170 4 69 11 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 i 3 F Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery J Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery Wellington Garrison Artiilerv Division.. 14 261 Oringi Mar. 7-15 3 2 67 78 1 Given by Mr. H. Gaisford, Oringi. 5 146

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APPENDIX B— continued.

New Zealand Military Forces, 1913— continued.

29

Date. IS 8 ffi o Camp. Units. Men. Camp-site, how obtained. t lakaraka Mar. 13-25 (a.) Unit Camps— continued. 9th (Wellington East Coast) Mounted Rifles (one Squadron) 6 97 Given by Poverty Bay Racing Club. Reserve 2 'aid hurst Mar. 17-29 6 99 1st (Canterburjr) Regiment 2nd (South Canterbury) Regiment 12th (Nelson) Regiment 13th (North Canterbury and Westland) Regiment No. 1 Field Company, Engineers No. 3 Field Ambulance Canterbury Infantry Signal Company . . Brigade Staff No. 6 Mounted Field Ambulance Coast Defence Detachment, 1st (Canterbury) Regiment Senior Cadets 21 16 13 12 3 1 3 2 417 482 535 536 104 82 45 Land rented from Messrs. McGinnis and Clarkson for the sum of £220 lis. (Note. —The rent of the Mounted Rifles Brigade camp is included in this amount.) 3 3 19 Given by Major P. H Johnson, 1st Mounted Rifles (Canterbury Yeomanry Cavalry). 90 2,207 •Springfield Mar. 20-28 E Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery H Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery Canterbury Brigade Ammunition Column No. 3 Field Ambulance 4 4 2 87 59 28 5 Forts, Taiaroa Heads, Otago Coast Defence Detachment, 4th (Otago) Regiment No. 2 Company, N.Z. Garrison Artillery 14th (South Otago) 4th (Otago) Regiment B Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery 10th (North Otago) Regiment No. 2 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers .. 8th (Southland) Regiment Senior Cadets 10 179 189 Government property. Mar. 20-28 14 5 87 9 5 4 1 1 1 dotueka Sutton (special camp) Cambridge Mar. 24-April 5 Mar. 28-April 5 April 4-12 10th (Nelson) Mounted Rifles (two Squadrons) No. 2 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers 3rd (Auckland) Regiment 6th (Hauraki) Regiment 15th (North Auckland) Regiment 16th (Waikato) Regiment No. 3 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers Auckland Infantry Signal Company No. 1 Field Ambulance Post and Telegraph Battalion Coast Defence Detachment, 3rd (Auckland) Regiment Auckland Field Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column 9th (Wellington East Coast) Regiment .. Unattached List (a) Senior Cadets i 20 11 23 18 15 14 6 3 6 3 2 297 127 10 579 384 471 556 112 79 69 5 1 Land rented from Mr. Staples, Motueka ; cost, £6. Rented ; cost £40 for all camps held at Sutton. Given by Mr. James Taylor, " Bardowie," Cambridge, and the Cambridge Agricultural and Pastoral Association. 1 1 1 46 Land rented from Messrs. McGinnis and Clarkson for the sum of £220 lis. (Note. —The Infantry Brigade camp is included in this sum.) 145 2,257 Yaldhurst April 7-19 1st Mounted Rifles (Canterbury Yeomanry Calvary) 8th (South Canterbury) Mounted Rifles No. 6 Mounted Field Ambulance Canterbury Mounted Signal Troop Brigade Staff Otago Mounted Signal Troop Coast Defence Detachment, 1st (Canter bury) Regiment 12th (Otago) Mounted Rifles 13th (North Canterbury and Westland) Regiment No. 3 Field Ambulance Senior Cadets 18 20 4 1 2 1 2 357 275 56 17 1 2 1 4 49 712

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APPENDIX B— continued.

New Zealand Military Forces, 1913— continued.

30

Camp. Date. Units. « Men. Camp-site, how obtained. O •Sutton April 7-19 (a.) Unit Camps— continued. 4th (Otago) Regiment Coast Defence Detachment, 4th (Otago) Regiment 8th (Southland) Regiment 10th (North Otago) Regiment 14th (South Otago) Regiment Otago Infantry Signal Company No. 2 Field Ambulance 5th Mounted Rifles (Otago Hussars) 12th (Otago) Mounted Rifles B Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery C Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery Otago Brigade Ammunition Column No. 2 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers No. 2 Company, N.Z. Garrison Artillery Senior Cadets 17 12 16 21 4 1 474 41 462 508 486 49 74 6 3 2 4 2 6 8 Rented ; cost, £40 for all camps held at Sutton. io 81 2,125 Given by Mr. H. Gaisford, Oringi. iringi April 14-26 1st Battalion 9th (Wellington East Coast) Regiment 2nd Battalion 9th (Wellington East Coast) Regiment 7th (Wellington West Coast) Regiment Ilth Regiment (Taranaki Rifles) No. 4 Field Ambulance No. 4 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers Wellington Infantry Signal Company .. Brigade Staff No. 8 Mounted Field Ambulance F Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery J Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery 6th (Manawatu) Mounted Rifles 1st (Canterbury) Regiment Sth (Wellington) Regiment 6th (Hauraki) Regiment Senior Cadets 18 25 22 20 7 3 2 3 590 523 601 706 116 95 22 43 143 2,666 lambridge April 21-May 3 3rd (Auckland) Mounted Rifles 4th (Waikato) Mounted Rifles Auckland Mounted Signal Troop No. 5 Mounted Field Ambulance 5th Mounted Rifles (Otago Hussars) 11th (North Auckland) Mounted Rifles No. 1 Field Ambulance 18 21 1 1 I 358 379 15 8 Given by Mr. James Taylor, " Bardowrie," Cambridge, and the Cambridge Agricultural and Pastoral Association. 3 1 42 764 Sth Mounted Rifles (Otago Hussars) .. 7th (Southland) Mounted Rifles 12th (Otago) Mounted Rifles 4th (Otago) Regiment 14th (South Otago) Regiment No. 7 Mounted Field Ambulance Otago Mounted Signal Troop • No. 2 Field Ambulance 10th (North Otago) Regiment B Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery No. 2 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers Senior Cadets 16 16 15 296 302 234 32 34 28 10 9 2 3 2 Rented; cost, £40 for all camps held at Sutton. iutton April 21-May 3 i l i 50 952 Uenheim (Marshlands) May 5-17 10th (Nelson) Mounted Rifles (A and B Squadrons, Band and Maxim-gun Section) 10th (Nelson) Mounted Rifles (C and D Squadrons) Reserve 10 170 Given by Mr. J. C. Chaytor, Marshlands Blenheim. 20 , 3 | 1 .—I 13 I 191 I

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APPENDIX B— continued.

New Zealand Military Forces, 1913 — continued.

Camp. Date. Units. I o Men. Camp-site, how obtained. O Oringi May 5-17 * (a) Unit Camps— continued. 6th (Manawatu) Mounted Rifles Queen Alexandra's 2nd (Wellington West Coast) Mounted Rifles 9th (Wellington East Coast) Mounted Rifles No. 8 Mounted Field Ambulance Wellington Mounted Signal Troop 10th (Nelson) Mounted Rifles.. 4th (Waikato) Mounted Rifles Canterbury Brigade Ammunition Column 4th (Otago) Regiment 7th (Wellington West Coast) Regiment 11th Regiment (Taranaki Rifles) No. 4 Field Ambulance Senior Cadets 18 358 Given by Mr. H. Gais16 309 ford, Oringi. 18 297 2 44 1 17 1 1 18 358 16 309 18 297 2 44 1 17 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 na i Ci±a 58 1,048 Kerikeri May 12-24 .. 11th (North Auckland) Mounted Rifles No. 5 Mounted Field Ambulance 20 267 1 8 58 1,048 20 267 Given by Mr. Bull, 1 8 Kerikeri. 21 275 21 275 Templeton April 28-May 10 (b.) Casualty Camps. 1st (Canterbury) Regiment Coast Defence Detachment, 1st (Canterbury) Regiment 13th (North Canterbury and Westland) No. 3 Field Ambulance No. 1 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers .. E Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery No. 4 Company, N.Z. Garrison Artillery Canterbury Infantry Signal Company .. Senior Cadets 109 Permission obtained 15 from Domain Board. £35 paid to lessee of 59 domain for 28 days, during which period 7 the Infantry and 17 Mounted Casualty 3 Camps were held. 3 3 1 109 15 59 7 17 3 3 3 1 i 1 1 216 1 216 1 22 : Racecourse at Omoto. Given by the trustees 10 Greymouth Racing Club. 10 1 5 2 l Greymouth April 28-May 10 13th (North Canterbury and Westland) Regiment Coast Defence Detachment, 13th (North Canterbury and Westland) Regiment No. 8 Company, N.Z. Garrison Artillery 16th (Waikato) Regiment C Section, No. 3 Field Ambulance Senior Cadets i 1 22 10 10 i 1 5 2 2 'elfin gton May 3-10 Sth (Wellington) Regiment D Mountain Battery.. Wellington Garrison Artillery Division. . No. 4 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers. . 2nd Battalion, 9th (Wellington East Coast) Regiment Wellington Infantry Brigade Signal Com - pany Reserve 4 4 47 I 135 34 13 4 ! 2 4 47 j 135 | D Mountain Battery, 34 ! Alexandra Barracks. 13 Wellington Garrison 4 ! Artillery Division, 2 J Forts. "5th (Wellington) Regiment, Tren1 tham Rifle Range. Government pro1 perty. 190 1 1 190 ilenheim May .5-17 12th (Nelson) Regiment H Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery Reserve of Officers Senior Cadets 4 i 5 4 77 2 4 77 Given by Mr. J. C. 2 j Chaytor, Marshlands, 1 j Blenheim. 5 10 70 1 .. I 10 79 2nd (South Canterbury) Regiment 1 10 79 1 130 j Given by Mr. Guyon Macdonald, 130 'rari May 9-17

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32

APPENDIX B— continued.

New Zealand Military Forces, 1913— continued.

Camp. Date. Units. « Men, Camp-site, how obtained. ° 'empleton May 12-24 (b.) Casualty Camps— continued. 2nd (South Canterbury) Regiment 1st Mounted Rifles (Canterbury Yeomanry Cavalry) Sth Mounted Rifles (Otago Hussars) .. 6th (Manawatu) Mounted Rifles Sth (South Canterbury) Mounted Rifles 10th (Nelson) Mounted Rifles.. 12th (Otago) Mounted Rifles Coast Defence Detachment, 1st (Canterbury) Regiment 2 21 1 1 31 i 1 1 Permission obtained from trustees Domain Board. £35 paid to lessee of domain for 28 days, during which period the Infantry and Mounted casualty camps were held. 59 Rented ; cost, £2. aitati May 12-24 10th (North Otago) Regiment 4th (Otago) Regiment Coast Defence Detachment, 4th (Otago) Regiment 5th Mounted Rifles (Otago Hussars) .. 12th (Otago) Mounted Rifles No. 2 Company, N.Z. Garrison Artillery Otago Mounted Signal Troop Otago Infantry Signal Company 1 3 51 24 3 13 7 1 4 1 4 104 Avondale May 12-24 Coast Defence Detachment, 3rd (Auckland) Regiment ("Countess of Ranfurly's Own ") 3rd (Auckland) Regiment (" Countess of Ranfurly's Own ") Sth (Wellington) Regiment No. 1 Field Ambulance .. No. 5 Mounted Field Ambulance 3rd (Auckland) Mounted Rifles Auckland Infantry Signal Company Senior Cadets .. .. 1 26 52 1 12 2 3 5 Avondale Racecourse. Given by the Avondale Jockey Club. \ 7 6th (Hauraki) Regiment Senior Cadets 8 101 Te Aroha May 12-24 . . 2 2 103 Rifle range, Te Aroha, Government property, and lent by Mr. Raveley. Whangarei May 12-24 . . 15th (North Auckland) Regiment 11th (North Auckland) Mounted Rifles No. 1 Field Ambulance Senior Cadets 4 103 1 50 I 1 Kensington Park, Whangarei ; rent, £5. 4 Cambridge May 12-24 . . . 5' 52 Rifle range, Cambridge, Government property. 16th (Waikato) Regiment 4th (Waikato) Mounted Rifles 48 13 Takapuna May 16-24 . . 61 No. 3 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers . . A Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery G Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery Auckland Brigade Ammunition Column 3rd (Auckland) Mounted Rifles Auckland Garrison Artillery Division . . 8 5 5 2 1 1 Government property. 21 Auckland Garrison Artillery Division .. 19 North Head. Government property. Mr. H. Gaisford, Oringi. Auckland May 16-24 Oringi May 19-27 J Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery F Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery 18 7 Oringi May 19-31 25 Oiven by Mr. H. Gaisford, Oringi. Queen Alexandra's 2nd (Wellington Wert Coast) Mounted Rifles 9th (Wellington East Coast) Mounted Rifles 6th (Manawatu) Mounted Rifles No. 8 Mounted Field Ambulance 26 42 20 5 93

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APPENDIX B— continued.

New Zealand Military Forces, 1913— continued.

Totals. Officers. Men. Totals. 915 17,994 18,909 The reason that the total of this return is 222 greater than that of Appendix A is accounted for by the inclusion of Cadets and Reservists and some Permanent Staff, extra bandsmen, and Post and Telegraph Corps men who attended camp, and who have been shown with units instead of separately. APPENDIX C. MEMORANDUM ON THE TRAINING AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE NEW ZEALAND MILITARY FORCES DURING THE YEAR Ist JUNE, 1911, TO 31st MAY, 1912, AND FOR THE CURRENT YEAR ENDING 31st MAY, 1913, BY MAJOR-GENERAL A. J. GODLEY, C.8., COMMANDING THE FORCES. 1. Beginning op Training. Owing to circumstances, such as the completion of the organization of the Military Forces of the Dominion, the initial difficulties attending the registration, medical inspection, and posting of the young men liable to service, and for other minor reasons, the serious commencement of the training of the Territorials and Senior Cadets was delayed till about the 15th January, 1912. 2. New Zealand Staff Corps and Permanent Staff. During the past year the training of the Territorial Force has been chiefly carried out by the officers of the New Zealand Staff Corps and the warrant and non-commissioned officers of the Permanent Staff. That their duties in this respect have been very arduous cannot be denied, and that these duties have been cheerfully carried out with untiring zeal, patience, tact, and ability is beyond question. They deserve every credit and acknowledgment, and it is here fully accorded to them. That these officers and non-commissioned officers worked under such pressure is due to the fact that the majority of the officers and non-commissioned officers of the Territorial Force are not as yet sufficiently trained to carry on the work of instructing the men under them. Officers and non-commissioned officers, especially at out-stations, must always remember that they are the pattern for the Citizen Army, and that they cannot therefore be too careful to maintain the highest possible ideal as regards the example they set in the performance of their duties, in their dress and deportment, and in their relations with the civilian population. They must take every opportunity of studying not only the latest training manuals and military publications, but also the country and features of the ground over which they travel in the course of their duties, with a view of qualifying themselves to instruct in those tactical operations and exercises which will, I hope, be carried out this year on whole-day parades and on other occasions when officers and N.C.O.s can be assembled for the purpose. Adjutants are reminded that it is their duty to see that all publications issued from Army, District, or Brigade Headquarters reach the squadron and company officers.

5—H. 19.

Camp. Date. Units. eft « Men. Camp-site, how obtained. <d o iringi May 19-31 (&.) Casualty Camps— continued. 1st Battalion (Wellington East Coast) Regiment 2nd Battalion (Wellington| East Coast) Regiment ||S 7th (Wellington West Coast) Regiment Uth Regiment (Taranaki Rifles) No. 4 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers No. 4 Field Ambulance 5th (Wellington) Regiment Senior Cadets 4 3 2 3 87 102 50 74 7 6 1 Given by Mr. H. Gaisford, Oringi. "n itamita 19 327 May 19-31 7th (Southland) Mounted Rifles 8th (Southland) Regiment 14th (South Otago) Regiment 12th (Otago) Mounted Rifles No. 7 Mounted Field Ambulance Senior Cadets 18 63 35 6 2 Given by Captain Waite, Otamita. ! ' 2 i 2 124

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3. Royal New Zealand Artillery. (a.) Field Section. The new Field Section of the R.N.Z.A. began its training during the past year. This training was carried out under great difficulties, as many of all ranks were originally in the Garrison Artillery or Submarine Mining Sections, and it is not, of course, easy to convert men with such previous training into good field gunners. However, thanks to the good spirit shown by those N.C.O.s and men who were transferred, and to the presence in the ranks of many keen young soldiers, rapid improvement was made during the training. Attention was at first devoted chiefly to riding and driving, as the new 18-pr. field guns had not then arrived. Later, at the beginning of the current training-year, the new guns arrived, and the Field Section, at its inspection by His Excellency the Governor, acquitted itself very creditably. It has since been broken up and distributed to the headquarters of Field Artillery units, to assist in their instruction and to form permanent cadres for the Territorial batteries. I wish to impress upon all officers, N.C.O.s, and men of these permanent cadres the great responsibility which attaches to them for the care of the valuable guns and equipment committed to their charge, and for the maintenance of the high standard of discipline and efficiency by which alone they will uphold the credit of their regiment and make the Territorial batteries of the greatest possible value for the defence of the country. (b.) Garrison Section. Little training has been carried out during the year in this branch, owing to the reduction of the Garrison Artillery establishment necessitated by the formation of the Field Artillery Section. An increase of establishment has, however, been lately authorized, and I am confident that the permanent cadres of this section will, with the increased facilities for training thereby afforded, be the same valuable nucleus for the Territorial divisions and companies that they were in the Volunteer days. 4. Territorial Force. (a.) Officers. A certain proportion of the officers of the old Volunteer organization remained to do duty with the new Territorial Force. Though it has been said that they were not in all cases fit to instruct their men, this defect is being rapidly remedied. Territorial officers, as a general rule, are taking a keen interest in their work, and steadily making themselves efficient in their military knowledge and duties-. Since the new system has been established, 187 officers have presented themselves for examination for promotion to a higher rank, and of these 113 have qualified for promotion. These examinations are on a par with those held at Home for Territorial officers, and the results have been satisfactory. It has also been shown in this connection that officers are studying their training manuals more than in the past. Reports on these examinations, with criticisms by the examiners, are published after each examination held, which reports should be of great use to officers who have still to pass. Officers who wish to be efficient instructors must have confidence in themselves, or they will never gain the confidence of their men. They must go to work in their instruction intelligently, and not attempt advanced training for which their men are not yet prepared. There is still a tendency on the part of officers to think more of the strategic disposition of an army than of squad drill and the more essential details of our present stage of training. The former is no doubt interesting, but we must walk before we attempt to run; and it is to such matters as outpost duty, advanced, flank, and rear guards, simple formations for attack and defence by the squadron or company, the elementary principles of skirmishing and reconnoitring, and, last and most important of all, to the care and comfort of their men, that I wish officers to pay particular attention., I noticed during my visit to the annual camps that, in some instances, officers were not sufficiently solicitous for the welfare of their men, and that the latter had not therefore acquired the habit of looking to their officers to put right any difficulties or grievances they might have. Complaints, in consequence, occasionally assumed proportions which they would not have done had the troubles been anticipated or dealt with at once by the squadron and company officers. I hope to see a great improvement in this respect this year. Officers must remember that it is their duty to see that their men's rations are properly cooked, properly served, and sufficient; and before going to his own meals a good officer will have satisfied himself that his squadron or company, or any part of it of which he may be in charge, is well provided for in all respects. As regards the training, I wish to call the attention of all officers to the article by Lieut.Colonel Burnett-Stuart in the first number of the New Zealand Military Journal (January, 1912), and to the articles on Territorial training, reprinted from the Army Review, in the fourth number (October, 1912). In a few cases last year officers, for what I think were insufficient reasons, were permitted to attend casual camps instead of the camp of their unit. An officer should make every possible effort to go to camp with his own men. (b.) Non-commissioned. Officers. Non-commissioned officers of the Volunteer organization who remained to serve with the Citizen Army have done good work in assisting in the instruction of the men of this new Force, and have provided a good leaven and stiffening in the new units.

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It is recognized that the position of the non-commissioned officer in the Territorial Force is very important and difficult. It is important in that a great deal of instruction is looked for from him; it is difficult owing to the peculiar conditions of service, which call for the exercise of all the tact and management at his command. In these circumstances his difficulties in maintaining discipline and exercising command vanish when he and the men under him unite in " playing the game " and recognize the necessities of the situation. To assist the non-commissioned officers in fitting themselves to instruct, schools of instruction, where arrangements for these could be made, have been held in the four districts, and they have been attended with good results. I was much struck with the zeal with which the young N.C.O.s entered into their duties both at the schools of instruction and at the annual camps, and I look forward to finding them later in the year well able to take charge of their squads both in camp and in the field. (c.) Mounted, Rifles. (1.) Training. —The training of the Mounted Rifles was satisfactory so far as it went, and progress has been made. Squadrons vary a good deal in efficiency and drill, and this seems to be due to the efficiency or otherwise of squadron leaders and officers. There is a tendency to devote too much time to drill and not enough to the duties of protection, reconnaissance, and dismounted action. It cannot be too often remembered that our Mounted Rifles are the Cavalry of the country, and that the Army has to depend on them for all the detached and other duties incumbent on Cavalry, with the single exception of shock action. The attention of all Brigadiers, Commanding Officers, and squadron leaders is called to the necessity, in order to save horseflesh, of providing motor and ordinary cyclists for despatch riding and orderly duty. (2.) Horses. —In many cases horses are brought into camp of a class unsuited to the work of Mounted Rifles. This is a point that requires the special attention of Squadron Commanders, as it affects the efficiency of their squadrons. Light and weedy animals that will not stand the strain of prolonged work in the field, vicious horses, kickers, and unbroken mounts are useless. Before a man is posted to a Mounted Rifle regiment he should parade before the Adjutant with his horse, and the man should not be posted to a Mounted branch unless his horse is passed fit for the duties it will have to perform. Many instances have occurred of three-year-olds being brought to camp, and in at least one instance a two-year-old was brought. Horses should not be less than four years old, and the stamp to be aimed at is a small, active, short-legged, short-backed animal between 142 and 152, as well bred as possible consistent with strength. (3.) Horse-mastership. —The very important question of horse-mastership does not appear to be sufficiently appreciated. The entire efficiency of a regiment depends on the state in which the horses are brought into camp and the care taken of them when there. Too much attention to this branch of training can hardly be given by all ranks. Troop leaders should encourage their men to gradually get their horses into condition before bringing them into camp. Innumerable cases of colic occurred during last year's camps owing to horses being brought in straight off grass and at once put on to hard food. (4.) Saddlery. —Saddlery, its proper fitting and care, as well as its suitability for military purposes, also requires much attention. An ill-fitting saddle, or one badly adjusted, results in a man or a horse being soon put hors de combat. Common faults in the saddles that I saw at camps were want of stuffing and want of strength. The money spent on a showy saddle-cloth would be much better spent in stuffing for the saddle, and it is a great fallacy to think that a small light saddle is easier for a horse than a roomy one of some substance. (d.) Field Artillery. The training throughout the past year has been elementary, the bulk of the time in camp being given up to instruction in riding and driving. There was also a certain amount of instruction in elementary gun drill, and, with one exception, all the batteries, including those lately raised, were allowed to fire at least one series. I hope that any of the personnel of the field batteries who may be able to spare time, and whose employers are willing that they should do so, may voluntarily spend a few days in camp, extra to the statutory seven; and with this object arrangements will be made to have the Field Artillery camps open for eleven days, and for forage and rations to be issued free to those who take advantage of the extra days. It was very gratifying to find that so many officers of the new batteries availed themselves of the opportunities afforded by the courses of instruction in the new guns held at Wellington. (c.) Garrison Artillery. In the Garrison Artillery more headway was made, the guns being mounted in permanent emplacements overlooking harbours, with which the officers and men are, or should be, acquainted. Although there is a great deal of technical work connected with Garrison Artillery, their opportunities for attaining a high standard should therefore be greater than in the Field Artillery, where, in addition to the riding, driving, and gunnery required, the field gunner has to become acquainted with the constantly varying conditions of country. The companies concerned have familiarized themselves with the new works at Auckland and Wellington, and I look forward to much valuable instruction in the principles and practice of co-operation between the various arms at the combined coast-defence camps which will this year be. held for all units allotted to the defence of our harbours.

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(f.) Engineers. (1.) Field Companies. —The field companies are somewhat handicapped at the present time, as they have only a limited amount of technical stores at their disposal, and have not the technical vehicles which would make them mobile enough to carry out training in engineering in suitable and varying localities. With the material these units have at their disposal they have performed good work. There is, however, a tendency among all companies not to give adequate consideration to working-parties. Officers and non-commissioned officers should be practised in making out working-party tables and in carrying out work with a minimum amount of orders and talk. When men are working there should be little time to talk, and noise only tends to confusion. During camp, smoking should not be allowed while the men are at work; spells for the purpose should be given in the morning and afternoon instead. All companies seem to be conversant with the various types of earthwork and bridging expedients. The field companies should encamp with Infantry brigades this year in order that they may have the advantage of working with the Infantry, and also that the limited amount of technical equipment available, and the services of the Engineer instructors, may be shared by the Infantry signal companies. (2.) Signal Companies-. —ln many cases these companies did their training last year independently of any Mounted or Infantry unit, which, owing to the preliminary nature of their training, was in the circumstances excusable; but they must remember that they are a most important adjunct to the Mounted Rifles and Infantry brigades, and must devote all their energies during the forthcoming summer to fitting themselves for the duties of communication which will fall to their lot at the brigade camps next autumn. In at least one case last year a signal company did not quite realize its duties, and was trained too much on the lines of an ordinary company of Infantry. (3.) Railway Corps. —Owing to difficulties of organization, the training has so far been confined to squad drill with Infantry units. Steps must be taken to nominate officers and to drawup a definite syllabus of instruction for the two battalions on the lines which have already been generally indicated from Headquarters. The corps should be of great assistance in the concentration of units for the brigade camps in the autumn. (g.) Infantry. The training of the Infantry has been only of an elementary character, owing to the circumstance that it commenced so late in the year. This training was, as a rule, undertaken by the officers of the New Zealand Staff Corps and the non-commissioned officers of the Permanent Staff, since the majority of the Territorial officers and non-commissioned officers were not themselves sufficiently trained to undertake the duties of instruction. The training therefore consisted chiefly of squad and company drills, physical exercises, and elementary musketry instruction. Owing to the paucity of instructors great difficulty was experienced in large centres, since the squads to be trained were too large, and individual attention was not possible. But as the Territorial officers and non-commissioned officers become efficient and are able to undertake the training themselves these difficulties will be overcome in the near future. Generally speaking, the whole- and half-day parades have not been so well attended as could be wished, especially in the towns. Unless these parades are better attended it is not possible to carry on the more advanced training that is so essential for the efficiency of a unit. All ranks seem quick at picking up their work, but, as a rule, lack that steadiness in the ranks which is necessary to bring about the best results. Steadiness in the ranks is a sure indication of a good state of discipline, and this should be impressed on all concerned. There is sometimes also an indication of a want of uniformity in training. It is here that central schools of instruction, at which officers and non-commissioned officers from all parts of the Dominion should attend, prove so valuable, and when these are held in the future every effort should be made to take advantage of them. Company training in the field should be the rule for the current training season, and every effort should be made to get out of the drill-hall, even for the ordinary evening drills. We have already got beyond the stage of mechanical drill in the drill-hall, and there is no reason why, in the summer, the rendezvous of a company for its evening drill should not be on a convenient hill-top on the outskirts of a town instead of at the drill-hall. The use of a limited number of motor and other cyclists for intercommunication should be encouraged in all battalions, (h.) Army Service Corps. A nucleus of our eventual Army Service Corps organization will be established this year by the formation of supply-depots at the brigade camps, and the training of selected officers and non-commissioned officers in this most important branch of army organization will be begun at a special camp of instruction in January. (j.) Post and Telegraph Corps. The training has so far consisted only of squad drill with Tnfantry units, but I trust that the organization of the two battalions will be so developed this summer that they will shortly be able to carry out their own training, and that at next year's camps the corps will be in a position to cater for our needs as regards these services.

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(k.) Medical Services. (1.) New Zealand Medical Corps. —The organization of the corps should be such as to ensure that a Medical Officer is always resident in camp. At some of last year's camps I found that the camp was only visited periodically. At some camps excellent lectures on sanitation were given by officers of the corps. The work done by the officers of the corps in connection with the medical examination of Territorials and Senior Cadets has varied considerably, but has on the whole been very satisfactory. All officers of the corps should be attached to a Field Ambulance for training for at least two years. (2.) Field Ambulances. —Excellent work was done by soriie of the Field Ambulances during the past year. The start of others has been unnecessarily delayed. Officers Commanding Districts must ensure that the Ambulances are posted up to 75 per cent, of establishment, as ordered in the case of other units, and that arrangements are made for the Field and Mounted Ambulances complete to go into camp with the Infantry and Mounted Rifle brigades respectively. At least six signallers should be trained in each Ambulance. (1.) New Zealand Veterinary Corps'. Good work was done by the officers of the corps in buying Artillery horses, in the veterinary instruction of the new R.N.Z.A. Field Artillery Section, and at the camps; but what I have said of the Medical Officers as regards attendance at camps applies here also. The organization should be such as to ensure that a Veterinary Officer is permanently in camp. This should be easy of accomplishment with brigade camps. I hope that the Director of Veterinary Services will be able to arrange for more instruction to be given by the veterinary officers to joung officers and N.C.O.s of the Mounted branches in elementary veterinary knowledge and shoeing. I would call the attention of all veterinary officers and all officers of Mounted branches to an article on shoeing in the July number of the Cavalry Journal, 1912, by Lieut.Colonel Bulkeley Johnson, Royal Scots Greys, which will be reprinted in the New Zealand Military Journal of January, 1913. (m.) Chaplains' Department. I have already spoken in my Annual Report of the great assistance which the chaplains of all denominations rendered us during the camps of last year, and I look forward to their help again during the current year. The Senior Chaplain of each denomination in each district should make it his business to see that a chaplain of his denomination is present at each camp, and Officers Commanding Districts should let these Senior Chaplains know the dates of the camps when fixed. (n.) Ordnance Corps. Ordnance depots will be established at this year's camps, and the nucleus of an Ordnance Corps formed by the training of selected officers and N.C.O.s at the same time as those for the Army Service Corps. 5. Rifle Clubs. The position and status of Rifle Clubs has been more clearly defined during the past year, and, in order to enable the members of them to qualify themselves to be a real second line to the Territorial Force, all area-group officers and area sergeants-major should give them all assistance and help in their power. Presidents of Rifle Clubs will deal direct with area-group officers, who are responsible for the Rifle Clubs, and these two officers should be able to satisfactorily settle most questions that arise, without reference to higher authority. Men liable to universal training who are posted to Rifle Clubs can only receive a very elementary training in drill during their first year, since their opportunities are so few. But such instruction as they are given should be thorough, and should be devoted to producing discipline and steadiness, which is the most essential and difficult part of their training. They will fire the prescribed course of musketry, and will receive the assistance of regular members of the Rifle Club to which they are posted. The area-group officer is responsible for their training and drills, and for the firing of the prescribed course of musketry. He should fix the time at which they will do the latter, in consultation with the president of the Rifle Club, in order that the latter may make suitable arrangements for the assistance promised by the older members of the clubs. 6. Senior Cadets. Owing to the circumstances connected with the starting of the Territorial training, and the amount of attention this required, the Senior Cadets were of necessity rather neglected in the past. But opportunities were taken of training officers and non-commissioned officers for this organization preparatory to undertaking the training of the personnel. In some centres, notably in one, a good deal of trouble was experienced in drilling the Senior Cadets. The boys, never having been under the influence of discipline before, did not seem at first to appreciate the new conditions, and were inclined to kick over the traces. Their training' therefore, did not progress as it might have done otherwise. But since new powers have been given to the Senior Cadet Commanders, and the Permanent Staff has been augmented, a different state of affairs obtains, and the training is generally running more smoothly-. The above remarks do not apply to the Cadet companies of the high schools, secondary schools, and such organizations. ' These companies always show Tip well, are steady and well drilled, and leave little to be desired.

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For the rest, the state of the Senior Cadet companies depends on the officer in command and his subordinates, and the interest they take in their companies. It requires a man of exceptional character to deal with boys who have never known what discipline and good order mean. But the right sort of officer soon gets his boys in hand, however wild they may be, and gets them interested in their work by varying it and making it interesting, and by leading instead of driving them. Companies in which the boys form a social club, cricket and football clubs, and have some sort of a band, generally pull well together. An officer who interests his boys, and who takes an interest in their lives outside the training, who finds them employment, and visits their homes and the boy himself if he happens to be in hospital, will soon find that his boys will look up to him and do anything for him. Ihe above is not an imaginary kind of officer; he exists in more than one instance, and is quoted as an example to others. It must be borne in mind that the Senior Cadet organization is most important, and the better these lads are trained in every respect the easier it is for their subsequent training in the Citizen Army. Territorial officers should bear this in mind, and give what assistance they can in the training of Senior Cadets. The training for these boys must be varied. Nothing sickens a high-spirited lad so much as the perpetual squad drill in the drill-hall, and, as I have said in the case of the Territorials, every effort must be made to get them out in the summer evenings, and interest them by field exercises and competitions such as practised by Boy Scouts. I look to the area-group officers to give effect to my wishes in these respects. I hope to arrange for many Senior Cadet officers to go to camp this year, and wish in every way to put the Senior Cadet officers, who hold commissions in the Territorial Force, on exactly the same footing as the officers of Territorial units. 7. Musketry. It was impossible in the circumstances for the Territorial Forces as a whole to perform their musketry course during the past year. Most of the units only received their arms and equipment when they assembled in their annual camps, and, as the great majority of the men never had a rifle in their hands before, it could not be expected that they would be fit to use them on a range for some considerable period after being armed. By an amendment in the Regulations it has been decided that musketry may be combined with drills and whole- or half-day parades, and it will therefore be easier to carry out the prescribed course. Every effort should be made to do this —in fact, it is imperative that every man should fire his course yearly for the future. Some of it may be carried out with service ammunition on a 25-yards range, which can be established almost anywhere; and all officers and N.C.O.s, both Regular and Territorial, must use their utmost endeavours to have as much shooting as possible completed before the annual autumn camp. At every drill centre it should be quite possible to improvise a short range, and it is at short ranges that the most useful elementary instruction can be given at this stage of the training. 8. Signalling. Some units have made a start in training signallers, but it is time now that all units should undertake this important branch of their duties. Special care should be taken in selecting men as signallers, and only men who are likely to become efficient should be kept at this work. The attention of all Commanding Officers is called to the establishment of signallers laid down for their units, and every effort should be made to have this number trained. 9. Machine Guns. A few units have been training machine-gun sections. When the new machine guns arrive from Home, all units, which will be armed with the latest pattern of this weapon, must push ahead with this branch of training. Here again the machine-gun sections must be carefullyselected. A school of instruction for the machine gun will be held as soon as the new guns arrive. 10. Staff Tours. Staff tours for senior officers have been held in districts, and one under arrangements made by Headquarters was held last February, near Wellington, for the instruction of District and Brigade Commanders and their staffs. I commend the report on the latter to the careful perusal of all senior officers. District and brigade tours should be held during the forthcoming summer, and the schemes for them should be simple and of an elementary nature. Officers should be practised in commanding the units, brigades, battalions, &c, which they actually command, and no higher organization should be introduced. 11. Tactical Exercises. But though staff tours are necessary and instructive, they only affect, as a rule, officers of the higher ranks. Some similar form of instruction is required for the more junior officers. This form of instruction is very readily and easily obtained from the carrying-out of tactical schemes. These can take place anywhere, even among the streets of a township. All that is required is a little imagination, a tactical situation, and the intelligent application to the latter of the precepts laid down in the Field Service Regulations. Both for officers and non-commis-sioned officers these simple tactical schemes afford considerable and interesting instruction.

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They should be carried out regimentally, and in such a way as to practise officers in commanding their squadrons, batteries, and companies in reference to and co-operation with the other squadrons or companies of their regiments and battalions. Ihe attention of all officers is drawn to " Staff Rides and Regimental Tours," by Colonel R. C. B. Haking (published by Hugh Rees, London, 1908), for the conduct of these tactical'exercises. 12. Libraries. Reference and lending libraries of military- publications have been instituted at Headquarters and in districts. They should be of great use to officers in studying for their examinations, and otherwise acquiring a knowledge of their military duties. With the exception of the Otago District, it does not appear that the existence of the district lending libraries is sufficiently well known to officers. It is recommended that catalogues be printed, after the pattern of those in the Otago District, and issued to officers, and that the latter should be kept informed from time to time of additions to the libraries. It is only in this manner that officers can properly benefit by these libraries. 13. Training Manuals. Training manuals for all arms have been issued as they arrived from the War Office. Advance copies of the new Yeomanry and Mounted Rifle Training Manual have been received. The remainder, when received, will be issued to the Mounted Rifles without delay. They will very materially assist all concerned in the training of this arm, which has up to now been working at rather a disadvantage for the want of such a manual. It has come to notice that manuals issued to districts from Headquarters for the use of officers and non-commissioned officers have not always found their way to the individuals for whom they were intended; the attention of officers commanding units is directed to this, and it is hoped that this unnecessary delay will be avoided in future. 14. School of Instruction, Trentham. A central school of instruction was held at Trentham from the Ist June till the 12th July, 1912. This school was primarily for the instruction of new Permanent Staff non-commissioned officers. It was also intended to give a refresher to as many of the original instructional staff of officers and non-commissioned officers as could be conveniently spared from their duties; and finally to instruct as many officers and non-commissioned officers of the Territorial Forces as could spare the time to attend. Short as the course of instruction was, the Permanent Staff benefited considerably and did it full credit, as did also the Territorial officers and non-commissioned officers. The opportunity was also seized of training twenty Senior Cadets drawn from the four districts of the Dominion, five from each, who were destined to represent the Dominion at the International Exhibition at Toronto, Canada. These Cadets, who proceeded to Canada early in August, entered into the spirit of their training with such zest that the result left nothing to be desired, as is proved by the conspicuous success achieved by them in the various competitions. 15. Cooking. A school of cookery has been established at Trentham this month, where regimental cooks maybe trained, and it is hoped that all units will endeavour to send representatives for the purpose. The importance of a system of regimental cooks is beyond question, and those units that take advantage of this school will reap the benefit in the future. . . The system of employing civilian cooks, which has hitherto obtained in the Dominion, is most unsatisfactory. An army "travels on its belly," and if, instead of being self-supporting as regards its cooking, it is dependent on the caprice of civilian cooks it may- easily happen that it may go hungry. Extra pay 7 and leave from parades and drills will be granted to those men who undertake the most responsible and important duties of regimental, squadron, and company cooks; and there can be no way in which a man can do more for his country- than by cooking for his comrades, and thereby enabling them to march and fight in the best possible condition. Squadron and Company Commanders must ensure that only the best and most dependable men are allowed to perform this service, which is of the utmost importance to the army. 16. The Training foe the Current Year. The efficiency of the training during the current year will depend largely- on the increase of qualified instructors outside the Permanent Staff —that is, the officers and N.C.O.s of the Territorial Force themselves. There are now in the ranks of the Citizen Army two categories of men—first, those who are passing through their second year and have more or less emerged from the recruit stage; and, second, those men who have just been posted from the ranks of the Senior Cadets. The latter are, generally speaking, only very partially trained, and are practically recruits. The burden of training the Territorials has therefore increased considerably, and is really more than the officers of the New Zealand Staff Corps and the Permanent Staff can bear, without the assistance of the Territorial officers and N.C.O.s, who should really undertake the duties. No doubt the number of qualified instructors among the last named has considerably increased since last year, but it is here emphasized that it is the duty of all officers and N.C.O.s of the Territorials to themselves undertake the training of their men —that it is the ideal to be strenuously striven after.

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Since there are two categories, as above mentioned, in the ranks of the Territorials, it is easily understood that the difficulties of training them increase, as one class is more advanced than the other. Instructors will therefore have to carefully organize their squads and, by individualizing, pass the more advanced men from the lower to the higher squads. What must be borne in mind by instructors is that it is no use passing a man to more advanced training until he has thoroughly mastered the more elementary. Opportunity should be taken at evening drills for elementary grounding in drill, theoretical work, musketry, physical exercises, and producing steadiness in the ranks. These should be varied by an occasional route march, during which, if made in daylight, instruction should be given in visual training, &c. During half-day and whole-day parades more advanced work should be done in the field. During these parades some elementary tactical work should be executed, suited to the state of training of the squadron, company, &c, at the time, such as attack or defence, outposts, &c. In carrying out this training only a portion of the squadron, company, &c, should perform the exercise, w-hile the remainder look on and have mistakes pointed out to them. The onlookers will in their turn perform the exercise, profiting by the mistakes of the former, while these in their turn take their lesson as spectators. Full marching-order should be worn at all parades and most drills. This will not only accustom the men to carry the weight, but will give the necessary opportunity for the inspection of equipment, so that damages and deficiencies will be noted and made good. What is to be aimed at during the current year is that squadrons, companies, &c, will assemble at their annual statutory camp ready to undertake advanced company field training, battalion drill, and a certain amount of battalion field training. 17. Camps. Last year's annual camps of the various units of the Territorial Force were, generally speaking, a great success. The percentage of attendance of the numbers posted to units was between 82 and 83 per centum. Of the absentees without leave a large number were men of whom all trace was lost, and who therefore received no intimation of the time and place of the annual camp of the unit to which they were posted. The training carried out during these camps was of an elementary character, since all the men were practically recruits. The young men entered into the spirit of their training with great keenness, and made a very rapid advance in acquiring.their military duties. The camps for the current year will, as far as possible, be by brigades and coast-defence commands, as recommended by Lord Kitchener, and as is the usual practice at Home and in the other dominions. Hitherto this Dominion has been very backward in realizing the necessity for training in the higher organizations; and the idea that an army could be made by assembling a " corps " of sixty men in a paddock, and there drilling and shooting without reference to innumerable other little assemblages of the same nature all over the Dominion, has died hard. The brigade camps will ensure that Brigade and Regimental Commanders and their staffs get the practice of assembling and concentrating their commands as would have to be done in time of war; that Brigadiers will have the opportunity of commanding their brigades in the field; that Regimental Commanders will be able to practise co-operation with one another; that the brigade and Army Service Corps staffs will get the necessary practice in supply and transport duties; that the railway authorities and the Railway Corps will have an opportunity of testing their capabilities for the transport and mobilization of troops; and, lastly, that it will be brought home to all ranks that there is more in soldiering than merely learning to drill and shoot. 18. Organization. This brings me to the question of organization; and I think it must be evident to all thinking officers that though the reorganization of the New Zealand Forces took more time than was anticipated at first, its thoroughness and the care with which it was thought out and established made the work of training easier once it commenced. A conglomeration of independent squadrons and companies was welded into Territorial regiments, which in turn were brigaded on the Imperial pattern, and a chain of responsibility from top to bottom was established, which allowed for the proper administration and training of all Forces of the Dominion. A great deal of misconception exists in the Dominion as regards this subject of organization, and I would ask all officers to read the following extracts from " Organization : How Armies are formed for War," by Colonel Hubert Foster, Royal Engineers, Director of Military Science, University of Sydney (published by Hugh Rees, 1911), Chapter I, and then to study the tables attached to the article on the organization of the New Zealand Military Forces, by Captain Thornton, in the April number of the New Zealand Military Journal: —■ " Command. " In the British Field Service Regulations of 1909, Part 11, Chap, ii, par. 1, it is stated that the main object of war organization is to provide the Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in the field with the means of exerting the required influence over the work and action of every individual. This, it is pointed out, will ensure the ' combination and unity of effort directed towards a definite object,' on which mainly depends the successful issue of military operations. In other words, the primary object of war organization is to facilitate command —that is, to ensure that every man in the force acts promptly in response to the will of the commander.

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"A secondary object of war organization is to facilitate administration, or the supply of each individual in the force with all that he requires to make it possible for him not only to live, but to move and fight. If a force be ill-organized the process of supply will be slow, uncertain, and incomplete, the spirit and health of the men cannot fail to suffer, and the efficiency of the force as a fighting body to be reduced. " Both these objects of organization— command and administration —are, however, really inseparable. The channels through which they act are identical, and the authority which commands is necessarily responsible for the administration which enables his orders to be carried out. Solicitude for the well-being of the soldier is one of the most certain means for obtaining influence over him, and may be called the main lever for exercising command. "Definition of 'Organization.* " The word ' organization ' —literally, providing a body with organs —has been more elaborately defined by Herbert Spencer as ' the bringing of independent bodies into interdependent relations with each other, so as to form a single organic whole in which they all work together.' He goes on to explain this as follows : 'In considering the evolution of living forms, we find simple, homogeneous, and non-coherent elements developing into a complex, heterogeneous, and coherent whole, an organism controlled by unity of purpose, and comprising a number of functional parts, which work together in mutual dependence for the common good.' This definition applies closely to the organization of military bodies. The elements are represented by the individual soldiers, the functional parts by the units; while in the Army we see the living organism. " Just as in nature no mere assemblage of cells, or even of functional parts, can form a living organism, so no collection of individuals, however efficient —or of small units, however perfect—can in any true sense be called an army. It might have the appearance of a real military force, but it would only be suited to peace. The means by which it can be made fit for war is organization, without which it would be little better than an armed mob—inert, or at best irregular and spasmodic in its movements. An ill-organized army is not capable of co-ordinated or of sustained action, owing to the difficulty of either directing its movements or supplying its wants. " The Chain of Command. " It is obvious that a commander of a military force cannot deal personally and directly with all those under his command, but only with a limited number of subordinate commanders ; Each of the latter in his turn conveys his will to his own subordinates, and this gradually broadening system, called the chain of command, is carried on till every individual of the force receives his orders. These orders are founded on the original directions of the Commander-in-Chief, with modifications and details added by each lower authority in the chain, so as to suit the special circumstances of his own command. " This principle combines unity of control with decentralization of command and devolution of responsibility. In no other way can ready and effective co-operation of all fractions of the force to a common end be ensured. " Units or Formations of Troops. " The method, generally speaking, of war organization is to provide the links in the chain of command by a systematic arrangement, in suitable groups, of the various troops composing the Army. The smallest groups, or units, are combined in larger ones, and these again are built up into more complex bodies, and so on, until the whole Army is formed in a small number of large bodies, whose commanders receive direct orders from the supreme commander. " For want of a general name for these bodies it is usual to sneak of them all as formations. The term units, which is often used, properly applies only to the elementary groups. The largest formations are conveniently styled the subordinate commands of the Army. " Each category of formations forms a step in the pyramid of organization, in which the lowest layer is formed by the units, the top layer by the subordinate commands, and the apex by the supreme commander. The commanders of each formation, from the largest to the smallest, form the successive links in the chain of command." 19. Discipline. It was hardly to be expected that young men totally unacquainted with military discipline would be likely to acquire this very necessary condition all at once. But the advance made in this respect has been very marked, especially when the instructor by tact and explanation has demonstrated the importance of and the necessity for discipline. It may broadly be said that in the camps held throughout the Dominion the discipline of the Territorials on the whole was satisfactory, and was acquired with a minimum of friction. 20. Interior Economy. But while the training of their men is undoubtedly important, yet the subject of the interior economy of units is equally so, and not enough attention is paid to it by officers. The efficient administration of their squadrons, companies, &c, the care of their men at all times, and many other Doints connected with their commands are not always sufficiently considered by officers. The efficiency of a unit in peace, and especially in war, depends on a keen appreciation of the importance of interior economy. One of the first and most important duties of a squadron or company officer—a duty which he owes to the State —is to ensure that rifles, eauipment, and all Government property on charge of his unit are safeguarded and looked after with the utmost care.

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21. Transfers. With regard to the administration of the scheme of universal training, the question of transfers is an important one. In this some uniform method is necessary —such as in the keeping of roll-books, warning men for parade, dealing with absentees —so that a check is kept on every man. In one area alone, for example, there were 1,500 registrations, and of this number 700 men have had to be transferred. The problem of a shifting population, apart from the question of training, is a serious one, as it may mean considerable loss to the State if it is not possible to trace men who move from one district to another without giving notice or accounting for their arms and equipment. In this connection the Police Force of the Dominion might be of great assistance to the military authorities if they would co-operate in tracing men liable to serve, who move from one district to another. This is the only means whereby personal service by those who might otherwise evade it is assured, and loss of arms and equipment minimized. The attention of all Adjutants and area-group officers is called to this question, and I should be glad to hear from Officers Commanding Districts w-hat system has been adopted, and how transfers are. dealt with in their districts, in order that, as a result of their experience, the best possible system may be made universal throughout the Dominion. 22. Attendance at Drills and Parades. The attendance at drills and parades has been in many cases unsatisfactory. This is due to various causes, principal among which are —the want of experience in administration; lack of method in sending out warning notices; difficulties in regard to keeping a check on men who have removed to other districts; the impossibility of accounting for men of whose whereabouts all trace has been lost"; and the fact that there are a certain number who refuse to render any personal service, or are careless about it. The substitution of compulsory for voluntary parades, lately instituted, has produced a marked difference in the attendance at statutory drills and parades, the numbers now being generally very satisfactory. 23. Regimental Institutes. Some units established a dry canteen in their camp, organized and carried on under regimental arrangements, the profits from which went to regimental funds instead of, as in the majority of cases, into the pocket of a contractor. This system of regimental dry canteens is very much to be recommended, for the above obvious reasons. In this connection officers commanding units must realize that Government funds are not available for the recreation of the men, and that the maintenance grant can only be used for such expenditure as is laid down in paragraphs 620 and 621 of the Regulations. Pianos, appliances for games, extra rations when necessary, newspapers, writing-material, &c, must come from regimental funds or be provided by such institutions as helped us last year. Commanding Officers should endeavour by the establishment of canteens as above, or by obtaining subscriptions locally from honorary Territorials or others who are interested in their units, to build up such funds. Marquees will be provided for recreation tents as far as possible. 24. Sanitation. The camp arrangements were generally good, and great attention was paid to sanitation. This is most satisfactory, as it is only by special attention to sanitation that it can be hoped to preserve the good health and efficiency of the troops. Incinerators were built in each camp, and steps taken, to keep the lines clean and free of all rubbish. It seems a pity that the New Zealand soldier cannot, like his confrere at Home, do without straw to lie on in his tent. The presence of straw in the lines, which gets blown about, tends to untidiness, and gives much trouble in keeping the lines and tents clean. There should be a Medical Officer specially detailed for sanitary duty at every camp. He should be an officer of the New Zealand Medical Corps, and under the orders of the principal Medical Officer of the district. 25. Clothing. (a.) Officers. —Officers are in many cases not sufficiently particular about their dress, and * set a bad example to their men in this respect. Some officers have made little effort to bring their old Volunteer uniforms up to date. I hope to see an improvement in this respect during the current year. Officers are reminded that their order of dress must be the same as the men's. On several occasions it has been noticed that officers have paraded in caps when their men were wearing hats, and in greatcoats when the men were not wearing theirs. All officers must provide themselves with the veldt hat for wear in full dress and on days when the sun is hot. (b.) N.C.O.s and Men. —There is a tendency to fit the clothing too tight. The old idea of tight-fitting uniform is quite exploded, and soldiers of the present day in all countries wear loose-fitting uniform, in which they can do physical training in the greatest comfort and have plenty of freedom for shooting and work in the field. Clothing can hardly be too loose. The veldt hats should be kept for full-dress parades and hot sunny days, and the cap worn as a rule. ■(c) Senior Cadets. —Prints from photographs of the Senior Cadet dress as it should be worn have been issued broadcast throughout the Dominion, and I trust that all companies will make every effort to adopt it as soon as possible. The blouse-jacket should be worn as a shirt; and I hope that those companies who have been provided with trousers are having them altered as fast as possible to roomy shorts, by cutting them off at the knee, and utilizing the part cut off for

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insertion in, and widening, the shorts. Shirts and shorts should both be very loose and roomy; and those first issued to the Cadet at the age of fourteen should be very big for him, as they have to last till he joins the Territorials at eighteen. Consequently only the larger sizes should be demanded. 26. Boots. One of the greatest handicaps that exists at present to the efficiency of the Territorial Force is the general unsuitability of the boots worn by all ranks. A stout boot with nails in it is absolutely necessary not only for marching, but also to keep the feet dry. In some of the camps where the weather was bad the feet of most men were never dry, chiefly because of the thin boots they were wearing. The boot on sale by the Department can be obtained at all district headquarters, and Officers Commanding are enjoined to encourage the sale of it in every way-, to let all units know the price and particulars, and to make it easy for men to get them. So far, only about 4,000 pairs have been sold in the whole Dominion. 27. Returns. Great difficulty was experienced in making up the appendices to my annual report, showing the attendance at camps, owing to some Adjutants not furnishing at first an accurate account of the names, numbers, and regiments of all who attended the camp of their unit. I am sure that merely to call attention to the fact will, ensure greater initial accuracy in the returns for this year. 28. Inspections. Formal parade inspections are to be avoided, and the inspections of the Headquarters Training Staff, Officers Commanding Districts, Brigadiers, and Coast-defence Commanders should as a rule take the form, as regards field training, of watching the units at their ordinary curriculum of work, and subsequently conveying their criticisms to the subordinate commanders. Only one set inspection in field-work should be held at each camp, and this should be held by the senior officer who visits it, and on the last day, if possible. The inspection of the books and interior economy of units should not be held during the annual camp. 29. Finance. Finance is an important subject, which requires the attention of the whole of the forces from the highest officer down to the private soldier; and in this connection I wish to impress upon all officers and N.C.O.s the necessity of seeing that the requirements of the law governing expenditure in this Dominion are complied with in every respect. Copies of the Public Revenues Act and the . Treasury Regulations have been distributed throughout the various districts. Officers should make themselves thoroughly conversant with the Treasury Regulations, thereby ensuring a greater knowledge of what is required of them in connection with the fundamental principles governing expenditure In many instances—through want of knowledge, no doubt—claims have been brought under my notice which do not even contain the necessary details required before they may be passed for payment; consequently much labour and inconvenience has been caused through having to refer the vouchers back for the necessary adjustments to be made before they could be accepted as a charge against the public. When preparing a voucher it is absolutely necessary that full details of the service should be inserted, and the following instructions should be complied with : (a) Signature of claimant; (b) authority or regulation for incurring expenditure to be quoted in the margin of voucher; (c) date of service; (d) full details and nature of service; (c) amount of claim; (/) certificate to be in accordance with service performed. The necessity of getting the best value for the money expended on our Citizen Army is of the utmost importance, and it is highly essential that economy should be practised by every one concerned. As the smooth and efficient working of the Department depends in great measure on the attention given to all matters of finance, it behoves every member of the forces to use his best endeavours to bring about the desired effect. " Efficiency, having due regard to economy," is a motto which I would earnestly commend to all those connected with our Citizen Army. All ranks must realize that it is their duty to safeguard the public purse, and that in incurring expenditure which will have to be met by the Department they should be just as particular in making good bargains and cutting down prices as they would be if the expendituse was to be met from their private means. Financial instructions will, I trust, shortly be issued which will assist us in this respect. Alex. J. Godley, Major-General, Wellington, 14th October, 1912. Commanding New Zealand Forces.

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APPENDIX D. APPOINTMENTS, PROMOTIONS, ETC., OF TERRITORIAL OFFICERS. The following table gives a summary from the Ist June, 1912, to the 30th April, 1913 : — Territorials. Senior Cadets. First appointments ... ... 379 Appointed ... ... ... 271 Promotions ... ... ... 228 Resigned ... ... ... 34 Resignations ... ... ... 75 To Territorials ... ... ... 19 To Reserve of Officers ... ... 86 Commissions cancelled ... ... 4 To Retired List ... ... ... 12 To Unattached List («') ... ... 5 Total ... ... ... 328 To Unattached List (b) ... ... 3 Commissions cancelled .. ... 4 Deaths .. ... ... ... 2 Total ... ... ... 794 Territorials ... ... ... ... ■■• 794 Senior Cadets ... ... ... ... 328 1,122 for eleven months.

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Appendix E. Outline Map to Illustrate Progress of Topographical Survey of WELLINGTON.

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APPENDIX P. REGULATIONS IN REFERENCE TO OFFENDERS COMMITTED 10 MILITARY CUSTODY (PROVISIONAL). 1. Persons in military custody will be kept in custody at any permanent barracks or fort, not being a prison or police-gaol, in which cell accommodation exists, or other place in which a lock-up can be extemporized. Accommodation for those committed to military custody must be certified as suitable from a medical point of view by a Medical Officer. 2. On arrival of an offender at the place of detention his civilian clothes will be removed, he will be bathed, and issued with a suit of dungaree. Tobacco, matches, any instrument with which he might do damage, money, and valuables will be removed from him, and a list thereof entered in a book, which will be signed by the offender as well as by the officer or N.C.O. making the entry. These articles will be returned to the offender on completion of his sentence, and he will sign the book again as a receipt. The articles are to be kept under lock and key until their return. 3. Each offender will be medically examined on arrival. In the event of sickness, arrangements will be made for medical attention. 4. Offenders are to be confined in separate rooms or cells. 5. Offenders will be in charge of the N.C.O.s and men of the Permanent cadre, supplemented by such officers and Permanent Staff as necessary, to be detailed by the O.C. District. If there is no cadre of the Permanent Force at the place of detention, the O.C. District will make such arrangements as are necessary to execute the routine laid down in paragraph 8. 6. An allowance of 2s. per day for the feeding of each offender is admissible. 7. Cots and mattresses will be provided by R.N.Z.A., or, where there is no Permanent cadre, under -arrangements made by the O.C. District. Towels, blankets, and feeding-utensils will, when necessary, be provided by the Defence Department. 8. After three days, if the offender's conduct is good, he may be given a book to read. 9. Offenders will be visited daily by an officer on duty, who will enter the visit in a book kept for the purpose. Medical officers will visit offenders undergoing detention as required. 10. Chaplains may visit offenders should they require to do so. To be posted up in a Place of Detention. The following daily routine will be carried out: — Rise, 6 a.m. Physical drill, 6.30 a.m. to 7 a.m. Breakfast, 7.30 a.m. Fatigue, 8.15 a.m. to 11 a.m. (consisting of sweeping barracks, scrubbing floors, cleaning, sand-polishing armament, and other fatigue work of a useful or necessary character). Squad drill, 11 a.m. to 12 noon. Dinner, 12.15. Fatigue, 1 p.m. to 3.30 p.m. Semaphore drill, 3.45 p.m. to 4.30 p.m. Locked up, 4.30 p.m. Tea, 5 p.m. Exercise in yard, 6 p.m. to 6.30 p.m. Visit by corporal or private on duty between 7 -and 8 p.m. Lights out, 9 p.m. The following constitute offences under section 8 of the Defence Amendment Act, 1912 : — An offender in military custody shall be guilty of an offence within the meaning of section 8 of the Defence Amendment Act, 1912 if he — (1.) Disobeys any order given by the O.C. detention barrack, or disobeys any detentionbarrack regulation. (2.) Treats with disrespect any member of the detention barrack or Staff, or any visitor, or any person employed in connection with the detention barrack or prison or works. (3.) Is idle, careless, or negligent at work, or refuses to work. (4.) Is absent without leave from any parade. (5.) Swears, curses, or uses any abusive, insolent, threatening, or other improper language. (6.) Is indecent in language, act, or gesture. (7.) Converses or holds intercourse with another offender in military custody without authority. (8.) Sings, whistles, or creates any unnecessary noise or disturbance, or gives any unnecessary trouble. (9.) Leaves his room or other appointed location, or his place of work, without permission. (10.) In any way wilfully disfigures or damages any part of the detention barrack or place of confinement, or any article to which he may have access. (11.) Commits any nuisance. (12.) Has in his room or possession any article he is not allowed to have. (13.) Gives to or receives from any offender in military custody any article whatever without leave.

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(14.) is inattentive at drill, &o. (15.) Uses personal violence to a member of the Staff or to an offender in military custody. (16.) Escapes or attempts to escape from detention barrack or place. (17.) In any other way- offends against good order and discipline. APPENDIX G. Headquarters, New Zealand Military Forces, Wellington, sth April, 1913. Memorandum on Posting, 1913. I. The war establishment of the Territorial Force amounts in round numbers to 33,300, of which only 30,000 will be maintained in peace. It follows from this that the " normal establishment " of the Force will be some fraction of the war establishment. This fraction is estimated at nine-tenths. In order that in the future the strength of the Force may not fluctuate, it is necessary to take in every year one-seventh of its "normal establishment" — that is, of 30,000. By maintaining the officers at war establishment and taking nine-tenths of the war establishment of "other ranks" and posting one-seventh of these "other ranks" annually, an allowance for wastage of 1 per cent, per annum, or 7 per cent, on each quota during the seven years, is made. The reason for posting an invariable number yearly is plain. B3' so doing an even flow into the Force, and from it to the Reserve, is secured, stability is maintained, and overloading the Force with an undue proportion of recruits in any one year, which is detrimental to efficiency, is avoided. Much, however, depends on the amount of wastage that takes place. There is reason to hope that in future years this will be reduced, though the scheme has not been in operation long enough to forecast wastage with any approximation to accuracy. 2. The proportion to be posted yearly, as notified from Headquarters, must be rigidlyadhered to, not only in the case of regiments, but also in squadrons, companies, &c. This year, and in future, "officers" will remain at "war establishment"; "other ranks" will receive one-seventh of the " normal establishment " referred to in paragraph 1 of this memorandum. 3. It is recognized that by posting in the manner described some units will be above strength for a few years, whilst others will be under strength. Owing to the lack of uniformity in the numbers posted in the past, this is inevitable, but when the quotas taken in in 1911 begin to go to the Reserve this will adjust itself. The present strength of units can be ignored, but as regards future postings it is to be clearly understood that no latitude whatever is allowed to O.C. Districts, upon whom the General Officer Commanding relies to see that the numbers laid down are duly posted. 4. Any excess of recruits remaining after units have received their correct quota will be posted to the General Training Section (Rifle Clubs). R. H. Collins, Lieut.-Colonel, Adjutant-General. The District Headquarters, Military Forces, all Districts. [Note. —Column (1) is the war establishment of the unit, less details shown in (2), (3), and (4), for which provision will be made on mobilization. Column (5) is the war establishment of officers shown in (1), but nine-tenths of the war establishment of " Other Ranks "as shown in (1). Column (6) gives the numbers to be posted yearly to units, and is one-seventh, approximately, of " Other Ranks " shown in (5).]

(1.) Unit. (2.) Army Service Corps. (8.) si .9 "cS CD •a CD g (4.) I s a OJ © CO 9 " (5.) Normal Establishment, 1915 and after. Unit. (6.) d a S s §aao °»cers.j &*» o«»»-| £. AUCKLAN ) MlLIT. 'ARY DlSl FRICT. 3rd (Auckland) Mounted Rifles 4th (Waikato) Mounted Rifles 11th (North Auckland) Mounted Rifles Auckland Field Artillery Brigade Auckland Garrison Artillery Division No. 3 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers 3rd (Auckland) Regiment (C.R.O.) 6th (Hauraki) Regiment 15th (North Auckland) Regiment 16th (Waikato) Regiment Auckland Mounted Signal Troop Divisional Signal Company— No. 1 Section No. 3 Section No. 1 Field Ambulance No. 5 Mounted Field Ambulance Coast Defence Detachment (four companies) Army Service Corps No. Depot Company A.S.C. No. 1 Divisional Train, No. 3 Company A.S.C. No. 1 Divisional Train, No. 4 Company 24 29 24 17 19 6 29 29 29 29 1 506 624 506 445 431 209 986 986 986 986 42 19 23 19 17 5 5 5 (i 1* 1* 1* It 24 29 24 17 19 6 29 29 29 29 1 455 562 455 400 388 188 887 887 887 887 42 65 80 65 57 55 27 127 127 127 127 2 8 8 8 8 2 6 (i 6 6 1* 1* 1* 1* 1 1 10 6 14 3 5 5 48 24 182 70 464 100 122 122 j 60 i 43 1 1 10 6 14 3 5 5 48 24 182 70 418 100 110 110 n 4t 26+ 10t 60 15 16 16 Totals 281 7,839 215 47 8 281 7,100 1,017 * Armourer. t Artificer. I Remain at war estab] lishment.

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APPENDIX G—continued.

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" (1.) Unit. (2.) ' (3.) j (4.) (5.) ~ (6.) Normal Establish- g"d g j v g ment, 1915 and ir«,,- S 53 o after. o ...in a Army a gs P3 Service _•§ 9 vr -. S sCorps. gS , | _ tTmt. |*> g| HiM 1 Officers! 0tner §"^ S j a a omcers.| Eanks Officers. nffi~.~,. Other Officers. Eanks Canterbury Milit. •ARY DlST RICT. 19 5 1* 24 455 65 19 5 1* 24 455 65 19 5 1* 24 455 65 17 6 If 17 400 57 10 243 35 2 2 .. 6 188 27 8 6 1* 29 887 127 8 6 1* 29 887 127 8 6 1* 29 887 127 8 6 1* 29 887 127 1 42 j 61 •RICT. 1 st Mounted Rifles (Canterbury Yeomanry Cavalry).. 24 8th (South Canterbury) Mounted Rifles ' . . .. 24 10th (Nelson) Mounted Rifles .. .. .. 24 Canterbury Field Artillery Brigade . . . . 17 Nos. 4 and 8 Companies, Garrison Artillery . . 10 No. 1 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers . . .. 6 1st (Canterbury) Regiment .. .. .. 29 2nd (South Canterbury) Regiment .. .. 29 12th (Nelson) Regiment .. .. .. .. 29 13th (North Canterbury and Westland) Regiment .. 29 Canterbury Mounted Signal Troop .. .. 1 Divisional Signal Company— Headquarters .. .. .. .. 2 No. 2 Section .. .. .. .. I No. 3 Field Ambulance .. . . . . 10 No. 6 Mounted Field Ambulance .. .. .. 6 Coast Defence Detachment .. .. .. 14 Coast Defence Company (Westport) .. .. 3 A.S.C. No. 2 Divisional Train, H.Q. Company .. 9 A.S.C. No. 2 Company .. . . .. .. 5 A.S.C. Depot Company .. .. . . .. 3 506 506 506 445 270 209 986 986 986 986 42 19 19 19 17 5 5 5 6 1* 1* 1* It 2 8 8 8 8 2 6 I 6 6 6 1* 1* 1* 1 * 35 24 182 70 464 | 116 j 253 j 122 I 100 1 1 2 .. 2 35 5} I 24 4| 60 .. ..10 182 261 43 .. .. 6 70 : 10j 14 418 60 .. • j .. 3 104 15 6 7§ 9 228 33 5 110 16 3 100 15 2 60 43 ■ •' i 6 i • • 7§ i Totals .. .. .. .. 275 7,794 | i 212 212 55 15 273 7,057 1,012 55 15 Otago Militar-s Y DlSTRIC T. 19 | 5 1* 24 455 65 19 5 1* 24 455 I 65 19 5 1* 24 455 65 17 6 If 17 400 57 5 130 19 2 2 .. 6 188' 27 8 I 6 1* 29 887 127 8 6 1* 29 887 127 8 6 1* 29 887 127 8 6 1* 29 ! 887 127 1 42 61 JT. ! 5 5 5 6 1* 1* 1* It Sth Mounted Rifles .. . . .. 24 7th Mounted Rifles .. .. .. 24 12th Mounted Rifles . . .. .. 24 Otago Field Artillery Brigade .. . . . . 17 No. 2 Company, Garrison Artillery .. .. 5 No. 2 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers .. .. 6 4th Regiment . . . . .. .. 29 8th Regiment . . . . .... . . 29 10th Regiment . . .. .. . . 29 14th Regiment .. . . .. . . 29 Mounted Signal Troop . . . . .. .. 1 Divisional Signal Company— No. 1 Section .. .. .. .. 1 No. 3 Section .. . . .. ... 1 No. 2 Field Ambulance . . .. .. 10 No. 7 Mounted Field Ambulance .. . . . . 6 Coast Defence Detachment (four companies) . . 14 Army Service Corps, No. Depot Company . . 3 A.S.C. No. 2 Divisional Train, No. 3 Company .. 5 A.S.C. No. 2 Divisional Train, No. 4 Company .. 5 Totals .. .. .. ..262 506 506 506 445 145 209 986 986 986 986 42 19 19 19 17 2 8 8 8 8 2 6 6 6 6 48 24 182 70 464 100 122 122 1 48 71 1 24 41 63 . . .. 10 182 261 43 . . .. 6 70 101 14 418 60 3 100 15 5 1 110 16 5 ! 110 16 63 43 7,435 214 ! 214 ! 47 8 262 ! 6,735 966 Wellington Milita iRY DlSTE ICT. 19 5 1*1 24 455 65 19 5 j 1* | 24 455 65 23 5 1* 29 562 80 17 6 It 18 400 57 5 .. .. j 5 187-| 27 I 19 388 ! 55 2 2 .. 6 188 27 8 6 1* 29 887 127 8 6 I* 29 887 127 8 6 1* 29 887 127 8 6 1* 29 887 127 8 6 1* 29 887 127 1 42 61 1ICT. 2nd Mounted Rifles .. .. .. 24 6th Mounted. Rifles .. . . .. 24 9th Mounted Rifles .. .. .. .. 29 Wellington Field Artillery Brigade . . . . 17 Mountain Artillery Battery .. .. . . 5 Wellington Garrison Artillery Division .. .. 19 No. 4 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers .. . . 6 Sth Regiment .. .. . . ■ . . . 29 7th Regiment .. .. . . • ■ 29 1st Battalion 9th Regiment .. .. . . 29 2nd Battalion 9th Regiment . . .. .. 29 Uth Regiment .. .. .. .. 29 Mounted Signal Troop .. . . . . . . 1 Divisional Signal Company— Headquarters .. .. .. . . 2 No. 2 Section .. .. .. ■ ■ 1 No. 4 Field Ambulance .. . . . . . . 10 No. 8 Mounted Field Ambulance . . .. .. 6 A.S.C. No. Depot Company .. .. .. ] 3 A.S.C. No. 1 Divisional Train, H.Q. Company .. j 9 A.S.C. No. 1 Divisional Train, No. 2 Company .. 5 506 506 624 445 208 431 209 986 986 986 986 986 42 19 19 23 17 5 2 8 8 8 8 8 35 24 182 70 100 253 122 1 60 43 1 2 .. 2 35 51 1 24 41 60 10 182 261 43 .. . . 6 70 101 3 100 15 6 I 7§ 9 228 33 5 110 16 Totals .. .. .. .. 306 ' 8,687 229 t 229 61 i 16 307 7,861 1,126 * Armi mrer. Artificer. Remain at war establishmi )nt. )st-office.

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APPENDIX H.

RETURN OF PROSECUTIONS FROM THE TIME OF THE INAUGURATION OF THE PRESENT DEFENCE SCHEME TO THE 30th APRIL, 1913.

Percentages of convictions to prosecutions: Senior Cadets, 7015 per cent.; Territorials, 69"88 per cent.

APPENDIX J. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF MEDICAL SERVICES. Headquarters, New Zealand Military Forces, Wellington, Bth May, 1913. To the Adjutant-General, Defence Department. During the year 1912, 3,803 Territorial recruits were medically examined. Of these, 120 were classified as unfit to serve during the current year, and 356 were placed in class (a), being totally unfit for service. Therefore about 3 per cent, of Territorial recruits were medically unfit for one year, and about 9 per cent, permanently unfit. Two thousand three hundred and five recruits were classified under (6) as fit for service with the Territorial Force—'about 60 per cent.; 1,022 recruits were classified under (c), fit for service with a Rifle Clvb —about 28 per cent.

Military District. & 2 (.5 t>5 £ < 6 Non-rei ;istration. Refusal to take Oath. Absence from or Obstruction of Parades. Convi ictions. T3 US a £ 'H a S Senior Cadets. Territorials. Senior TerriCadets. torials. Senior TerriCadets. torials. Senior Cadets. Territorials. Auckland 1 2 3 '1 3 3 9 4 1 4 91 21 12 I 330 36 68 63 81 11 252 42 55 58 18 7 1 11 5 Total 6 18 124 497 103 407 30 ellington 5 6 7 8 1 3 1 1 1 2 109 56 23 59 j 168 147 363 126 110 48 23 48 169 135 360 109 4 9 2 12 , 2 2 2 Total 3 10 ! n 247 804 229 773 Janterbury 9 10 11 12 1 12 12 8 2 3 5 2 273 20 182 104 148 5 I 608 82 195 55 125 45 117 6 436 60 133 65 27 5 4 1 Total 13 25 297 439 940 293 694 33 itago . . 13 II 15 16 2 1 4 8 J 4 1 30 3 54 41 24 30 62 83 29 65 15 26 3 29 21 59 10 68 7 3 Total 13 .36 149 239 73 158 Dominion total 20 54 16 374 959 2,480 698 2,032 78

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The following were the causes of total and partial rejection :— Total Rejection. „ _ , Per Cent. Physically disabled .. .. .. .. .. .. 21 Diseases of lungs .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 ~ heart .. .. .. .. .. .. 17 „ kidneys .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 ~ nervous system .. .. ... .. .. .. 7 ~ digestive system .. .. .. '.. .. .. 4 ~ skin .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 ~ ears .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 ~ eyes .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 Defective vision .. .. .. .. .. .. 17 Deafness .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 Underdeveloped .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Varicose veins .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 Partial Rejection, Physically disabled .. .. .. .. .. .. 17 Diseases of lungs .. .. .. .. .. .. 24 ~ heart .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 ~ kidneys .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Nil ~ nervous system .. .. . . .. .. .. 7 ~ digestive system .. ... .. .. .. ..21 ~ skin .. .. .. .. . . .. .. 2 ~ ears .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 eyes .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Defective vision .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Nil Deafness .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. Nil Underdeveloped .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 Varicose veins .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 It was determined, taking everything into consideration, that there was no real necessity to examine Cadets, judging from the previous year's examination; there were very few boys who would not derive benefit from the Cadet training, and these few could be easily eliminated. The examination of Territorials was a most stringent one, as only thoroughly fit youths could be of service in the army. There were practically no rejections for bad teeth, under the new regulation those with bad teeth who would have been otherwise rejected being drafted into the Rifle Clubs. The principal causes for rejection under class (a) were physical disablements, diseases of the heart, and defective vision. A marked improvement in the general care of the mouth was noticed, and there was also evidence of an improvement in the general physical condition. The majority of disordered hearts was undoubtedly due to cigarette-smoking, particularly the inhalation of cigarette-smoke. The various Ambulance Corps in the Dominion, four field ambulances and four mounted ambulances, with the exception of No. 4 Field Ambulance, went into camp for their annual training with the regiments in their immediate vicinity. The No. 4 Field Ambulance held a successful camp of their own at Seatoun. The various ambulances mustered in practically full strength, and the training was carried out in a most efficient manner. Over and above their own training, the officers and men of the ambulances attached to regimental camps rendered most efficient, valuable, and willing help in general sanitary and medical work. A fair proportion of regimental officers attended the various camps. In no case was any camp held without reasonable and efficient medical attention. The medical equipment was found to be in some instances inadequate, and had to be supplemented by local supplies. A full and complete universal equipment both for ambulances and Regimental Medical Officers has been laid down and approved,, so that in future everything necessary will be reacly to hand. There were very few serious cases either of illness or accident in the camps. Most of the cases attended were ifor slight accidents and illnesses of a trivial nature, It was noted that in all the camps a large proportion of men was treated for sore feet. The majority of such cases was due to badly fitting and improper boots.. It is to be deplored that more men do not wear the admirable boot supplied by the defence authorities. If this boot were universally worn there would be quite a 90-per-cent. reduction of men suffering from sore feet. J. R. Purdt, Colonel, Director of Medical Services.

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APPENDIX K. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF VETERINARY SERVICES. Headquarters, New Zealand Military Forces, Veterinary Service and Remounts, Wellington, 9th May, 1913. The Quartermaster-General, Defence Department, Wellington. I have the honour to submit the following report on the work of the New Zealand Veterinary Corps during the past year. The corps has been maintained at practically its normal strength, but it would be of advantage if one or two more officers resident in Otago could be enrolled. I was recently compelled to send an officer from the North Island to Otago for camp duty, and this necessity should not arise. I hope to overcome this difficulty during the present year. The duties carried out have been principally in connection with the purchase of remounts, attendance at Mounted camps, and the delivery of lectures. The horses purchased have been for Artillery purposes, and though plenty of horses fully capable of carrying out the work required were offered, it was found a matter of considerable difficulty to secure animals of uniform type and possessing the style and carriage desired. However, a number of horses of good class were obtained. The experience of Veterinary officers attending camps shows that a large percentage of -casualties arise from preventable, and therefore reducible, causes.. Foremost amongst these are injuries sustained through kicks received in the horse lines, and also an increasingly large number of injuries due to improperly fitted saddles, to which attention has already been directed in former reports. The importance of properly fitted saddles cannot be overestimated. It is desirable also that all saddles should be as far as possible of approved uniform pattern. Very frequently the unequally distributed pressure, terminating in sore back, follows as a result of the bad condition of the saddles, and in particular to the lack of adequate stuffing in the saddlepannels. In several instances the results following such defects could be rectified on the spot, if the owners possessed a correct knowledge of locating the exact site of the offending portion of the pannel, and resort to the method of " chambering " it. By this means the undue pressure may be relieved and the horse enabled to continue at work. The necessity for having properly qualified saddlers in attendance at all Mounted camps is again strongly urged. Equally, or perhaps even more, important is the provision of an adequate number of farriers. Much inconvenience has been at times caused through the paucity of farriers, obviously a great disadvantage where a number of Mounted men are concerned; and, further, a supply of ready-made horseshoes should be provided for use while in camp. In regard to the quality of the horses themselves, a proportion of these are of quite unsuitable type, being small undersized animals, incapable of carrying the weight required under service conditions; on the other hand, some horses brought into camp are coarse, heavy, rough, underbred animals showing too much draught blood. There are notable exceptions, and in certain regiments, especially, one is pleased to note the presence of a majority of serviceable mounts well up to standard requirements. Naturally, under conditions necessitating obligatory service, one probably cannot look for the same high average standard of remount as even under a Volunteer system, but certainly there is still plenty of scope for improvement in this direction, especially in some districts. The arrangements for feeding horses in camp are open to some criticism. These sometimes entail an amount of waste, which should be avoidable, besides leading to accidents, such as kicks already alluded to, through horses attempting to take feed from each other. In place of the open method of feeding from sacks in use in some instances, properly fitted nosebags of approved pattern should be supplied. There is not the least doubt that the saving in wastage of feed would go far to cover the initial cost of such provision. The large number of casualties occurring through kicks would be greatly reduced if heel-ropes were in use. The importance of having horses properly conditioned before coming into camp is a point usually overlooked by the men. Want of condition may lead to much trouble in the way of sore backs and galls when the horses are called upon to undergo the extra exertion entailed by training when in camp. Many of the mounts have obviously been brought in straight from grass, and being . consequently unaccustomed to the hard and more stimulating feed supplied in camps, it takes some days for the tissues of the back and system to adapt themselves to the altered dietetic conditions, and meanwhile they are in a condition to be easily bruised, and the animal is more likely to sustain other injuries, such as more or less severe sprains for instance. Naturally I fully realize that many of the men serving in the Mounted ranks have not the necessary knowledge of horse-mastership which would enable them to avoid errors of this nature, and in this connection I would emphasize the importance of providing for instruction in matters of horse-mastership generally to be given to officers and men in the various military centres of New Zealand. It is also highly desirable to secure the services of a staff of trained lay assistants, who would be attached to and form part of the Veterinary Corps, thus placing it on a similar footing to that obtaining in the Army Veterinary Corps of other countries. Certain of the junior lay officials of the Veterinary Division of the Department of Agriculture have already signified their willingness to join the corps in consideration of the training they would receive in military veterinary science. Their services would be of great value as dressers and general assistants, and, as they would form part of the personnel of the corps, their services in this capacity should absolve them from further obligatory training- in the combatant Forces.

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Equipment. —lt is necessary that the corps' equipment be organized on more efficient and up-to-date lines. A specimen chest of drugs and instruments has recently been designed for local use, and a good trial will be given to this. Captain Reid, who lately returned from England, has submitted a report on the British Army Veterinary Service which should prove of value in organizing the corps in order to bring it into line with modern requirements. During the year Lieutenant J. H. Primmer, A.V.C. (unattached), joined the corps. Major Neale has been transferred to the reserve of officers, while Captain Edwards tendered his resignation on leaving New Zealand on his return to England. In conclusion, I have to express my high appreciation of the services rendered by Veterinary officers, and also the many courtesies extended to myself and members of the corps attending camps by officers of the Staff and Territorial Forces. C. J. Reakbs, Lieut.-Colonel, Director. Approximate Cost of Paper. —Preparation, not given ; printing (2,000 copies, including map), £45.

Authority : John Mackay, Government Printer, Wellington.—l9l3.

.Price Is. 3d.]