LUNATIC ASYLUMS OF THE COLONY (REPORT ON) FOR 1890.

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1891 Session II, H-02

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Sess. 11.—1891. NEW ZEALAND.

LUNATIC ASYLUMS OF THE COLONY (REPORT ON) FOR 1890.

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

The Inspector of Asylums to the Hon. the Native Minister. Sir,— Ist April, 1891. I have the honour to lay before you the folloAving report on the lunatic asylums of the colony for the year 1890 : — The number of registered insane persons on the 31st December, 1890, was 1,797, showing an increase over the preceding year of only 36 persons, being 21 males and 15 females. These are distributed as follows :— Males. Females. Total. Previous Year. Auckland ... ... ... 257 ... 116 ... 373 ... 389 Christchurch ... ... ... 232 ... 155 ... 387 ... 368 Seacliff ... ... ... 282 ... 213 ... 495 ... 496 Hokitika ... ... ... 69 ... 33 ... 102 ... 105 Nelson ... ... ... 58 ... 46 ... 104 ... 98 Wellington ... ... ... 178 ... 121 ... 299 ... 272 Ashburn Hall (private asylum) ... 19 ... 18 ... 37 ... 33 The proportion of the insane to the population is— NeAV Zealand (exclusive of Maoris) ... ... 2-85 per 1,000 =1 in 351 NeAv Zealand (inclusive of Maoris) ... ... 2-67 „ =1 in 374 At the end of 1888 the proportion in the other colonies Avas — Victoria, 1888... ... ... ... ... ... ... lin 308 New South Wales, 1888 ... ... ... ... ... lin 377 South Australia, 1888 ... ... ... ... ... ... lin 427 England, 1888 ... ... ... ... ... ... lin 344 These figures must be viewed in the light of the fact that in New Zealand alone of all the colonies the care of the aged poor and paupers generally is by IaAV throAvn on the local bodies, who haAe, by local taxation, to find at least half the cost of their maintenance. There is thus produced a strong tendency to relieve local rates at the cost of the general revenue. After long continued and urgent representations of the magnitude of this evil, I have at length succeeded in getting a contract let for the central block of a new asylum for chronic cases at Porirua. This Asylum, when completed, will accommodate OAer 500 patients for a cost of £35,000. Of course the building is as plainly constructed and fitted as possible, for it is quite clear that the colony cannot continue to provide such expensive buildings as Seacliff. The new Asylum will enable me to relieve the other institutions from the incurables, the accumulation of many years, and make it possible to provide suitable accommodation and treatment for the more recent and curable cases. Our criminal lunatics, inebriates, and idiots we are still obliged to admit among our ordinary inmates, and I am afraid there is no near prospect of special accommodation for them. Admissions. On the first day of January, 1890, the number of insane persons in our asylums was 1,761 — males, 1,074; females, 687. Those admitted for the first time during the year numbered 312—males, 186; females, 126. The readmissions were 78—males, 44 ; females, 84. I—H. 2.

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Discharges. The total number removed by discharge and death during the year was 354—males, 209; femles, 145. The percentage of recoveries on admissions during the year was 47-69. Percentage of recoveries —New Zealand, 47-69; Victoria, 44-36; NeAv South Wales, 44-36; South Australia (1888), 38-47; England, 38-71. Deaths. The percentage of deaths on average number resident during the year was—New Zealand, 6-29; Victoria, 6-92 ; New South Wales, 7'23 ; South Australia (1888), 6-6. For the last five years most persistent efforts have been made to extend the system of out-door employment of every patient, as being by far the most effectual means of improving health and securing sleep. An immense improvement has thus been effected in the physical appearance of the patients in all our asylums, and that without any fatal accidents until this year, when we have had three suicides in Seacliff and one in Wellington. Such immunity from suicides for so long a period proves the great vigilance with which the patients haAe been looked after. I hope most earnestly that these painful cases will not discourage the officers concerned in their praiseworthy efforts to reduce to a minimum the necessity for restraint of any kind in our asylums. New Buildings and Improvements. Notwithstanding that nearly the whole of the money voted last year for all our asylums had to be impounded to enable the Government to accept a contract for the central block of the new asylum at Porirua, we have been able to provide a commodious new farm-steading and complete the new workshop block at Seacliff, besides building a neat lodge-cottage at the entrance-gate, and carrying out much-needed improvements in the drainage and ventilation of the main building. At Auckland the materials of the old shelter-sheds in the female airing-court have been utilised for the building of a cottage for the clerk and steward, and the drainage of the whole Asylum has been laid down in the most thorough-going way, according to plans prepared by Mr. Bell. At Wellington a fine new airing-court has been laid out on the female side, but no new buildings have been erected. At Sunnyside the continued neglect to build the front block, which was omitted from the last contract, has left the building in a most unpresentable state, and even Dr. Levinge's well-known enthusiasm for improving the grounds and gardens has been largely paralysed thereby. Our most urgent requirements at present are a residence for the Medical Superintendent at Seacliff, so as to permit of the rooms he now occupies being used for their proper purpose as public offices. So long as the present absurd arrangement is allowed to continue, it will be impossible to get a good married man to remain, and the whole Avorking of the Asylum will be greatly hampered. The fact of allowing the main entrance of the Asylum to become merely the front door of the doctor's rooms compels the main entrance to the Asylum and the public approach thereto to be by the back door. The effect of this has been, ever since the Asylum Avas opened, to turn the whole of its working topsy-turvy —to exclude the patients, practically, from the sunny slope in front and confine them to sunless courts in the rear, all to save the cost of a wooden house for the doctor. As I have already pointed out, the front block of Sunnyside w7as dropped out of the last contract, and must now be built at a cost of £2,000. The large male airing-court must be shifted to the sunny side of the building, and the fence of the female airing-court requires immediate renewal. At Auckland a new farm-steading has been required for many years. The old buildings have reached such a degree of dilapidation that it is impossible to use them any longer. The older side of the main Asylum building is in such a state that at least £1,000 must be spent in securing efficient ventilation. Changes in the Medical Staff. Dr. T. Radford King, an old and valued officer of the department, has been compelled by illhealth to leave for England. Both in Seacliff and Auckland Asylums he Was intrusted with the difficult task of re-establishing order and harmony after long-continued turmoil. His long experience and his high sense of justice and his kindness enabled him to place both those institutions in a satisfactory condition, and I am sorry that his health should have suffered in the process. He has been succeeded by Dr. Hassell, of Wellington, whose place has been filled by Dr. Fooks, formerly assistant medical officer at Seacliff. Financial Eesults of the Year. It is gratifying to find that, owing to the vigour and Aigilance with Avhich the various officers of the department have looked after the expenditure, we have been enabled to still further reduce the cost per head for the 1,763 patients in average residence by £1 os. Id. for last year, and that, too, in spite of increased prices in several items of expenditure. A reference to Table XVI. will show the position occupied by the different asylums in economy of working. It will be observed that there is a very great difference for the better in the cases of Nelson and Wellington. In the former the cost per head has been reduced by £9 ss. 2d., and in the latter by £5 19s. 3d. during last year. Dr. Levinge, of Sunnyside, Christchurch, Avho used to stand first in this order of merit, has, apparently, all but reached the limit beyond Avhich the most careful administration cannot carry economy without sacrificing efficiency. If, however, it should prove that there have been this year non-recurrent causes of expense, I am confident that next year there will be a still further reduction in this well-managed institution,

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Of the large asylums, Seacliff has this year signalised the continued vigour of Dr. King's management by a reduction of £2 os. lljd. per head on the cost of the previous year, and that over and above an unusually large amount of expense for general improvements. The increase of £4 4s. 10^-d. per head for the year in Auckland Asylum is largely accounted for by permanent improvements made out of revenue, and will not recur. I am confident, therefore, that this Asylum will show a great reduction next year. It will be interesting to review the steps by which the cost per head has so notably fallen during the last five years. The total annual cost per head, including everything, general expenses and all, was— £ s. d. £ s. d. In 1886 ... ... 30 11 8f giving a Aveekly cost of 0 11 9 Less repayments ... 27 0 9f „ „ 0 10 4J In 1887 ... ... 28 4 10 „ „ 0 10 10J Less repayments ... 24 7 9f „ „ 0 9 4| In 1888 ... ... ■ 26 3 1| „ „ 0 10 Of Less repayments ... 21 8 1 „ „ 0 8 2-J In 1889 ... ' ... 26 16 11| „ „ 0 10 3f Less repayments ... 21 10 4 „ „ 0 8 3 In 1890 ... " ... 26 1 8-| „ „ 0 10 0-\ Less repayments ... 20103 „ „ 07 10-J It must be remembered that those figures include every shilling spent on the maintenance of the whole of the patients in the colony, with the cost of their committal, medical fees, &c, and all the cost of the central office, including the salary of the Inspector-General, and the collecting of main-tenance-moneys. Dealing in the same way with the figures given in the annual report for the Colony of Victoria for 1889, I find that the Aveekly cost per head for each lunatic per Aveek comes to 12s. 9fd., or less maintenance lis. 4d., as compared with 10s. OJd. and 7s. 10-Jd. respectively in New Zealand. In making these comparisons lam glad to be able to assure you that the comfort of the patients and the care bestoAved on their treatment have been increased in nearly as high a proportion as the cost has been diminished. No single request has been refused on the ground of expense that could be slioavh to be necessary for the patients' well-being. The only drawback has been the overcrowding from lack of sufficient accommodation, and that will be removed as soon as the Porirua Asylum is ready for occupation. The staff of attendants has been increased, and its quality improved very greatly in some places. In the large asylums a regular system of instruction for attendants has been introduced, from which I expect very great results in raising the Avhole tone of our asylums.

ENTRIES OP VISITS TO THE DIFFERENT ASYLUMS. Auckland. 27th September, 1890.—1 have been occupied the whole of to-day and yesterday in my halfyearly inspection of this Asylum. I find that the inmates have diminished by fourteen since my last visit, so that there has not been so much hardship as anticipated during the winter from overcrowding. Nevertheless, the state of the male wards calls most imperatively for relief; and lam greatly relieved from anxiety on this account by the vote which has been passed by Parliament for building the nucleus of a neAv asylum at Porirua, near Wellington, into which the chronic cases Avhich have accumulated in all our asylums may be drafted. I most earnestly press it upon the Minister that no delay be alloAved in calling for tenders for this work, for which the plans have been ready in anticipation of instant action as soon as the money should be authorised. The complete scheme of drainage which has been prepared by Mr. Bell, after a thorough examination of the existing system, is now ready, and has by this time, I hope, been approved by the Minister. The matter is one of extreme urgency, and ought to be attended to at all hazards before the return of summer brings another epidemic of typhoid fever. I regret to find that Dr. King's health has been seriously impaired by an attack of erysipelas. Mr. Christie also, who had a long and dangerous illness, is quite well again, and actively at work. I regret that I have not been able to make any acknowledgment of the admirable Avay in which Mr. Leys has carried on the double duty cast on him by Mr. Christie's illness. I Avas very much gratified with the state of the female side : the staff work most harmoniously under Mrs. Skillen. On the male side, owing to the overcrowding, the state of things is much less satisfactory; but lam bound to acknovvdedge thankfully the efforts Avhich have been made by the male staff to cope Avith the great difficulties they have had to contend with. The painstaking manner in which Messrs. Cooper and Ewington have performed their purely honorary functions is a cause of much gratification to me, and ought to be a guarantee that no effort is spared to make the most of the means at our command for relieving the unfortunate sufferers committed to our care. The stone-crusher, which has been procured for the purpose of providing metal for the new airing-courts, and for laying down good roads, Avhich are much wanted, is now actually at work. A considerable extent of land has been reclaimed, and the stones which have been accumulated in the process of clearing will enable us to supply metal to the local bodies in the neighbourhood. The new drying-shed is finished, and will remove the great difficulty which has in the past been experienced in drying mattresses and bedding during the wet months. A large quantity of the best linoleum has been laid, and the appearance and comfort of the wards, especially on the male side, has been greatly improved thereby. This expenditure, liOAvever, has necessarily

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increased by a considerable amount the cost of maintenance for the year. The Auxiliary Asylum has been painted, and is greatly improved in consequence. My hopes that a much larger number of patients Avould be employed in out-door work have not been realised, owing to the amount of neAv works which had been undertaken by the artisans on the staff, thus leaving fewer attendants available for out-door supervision. With the exception of the typhoid epidemic last summer, the general health of the patients has been surprisingly good, and I am confident that the neAv drainage scheme will remove the danger of a return of the fever. I am satisfied that in the matter of food and clothing our insane brethren are as Avell cared for as they are anyAvhere, and I am sanguine that, as the financial condition of the country improves, the Parliament will make it possible to classify the cases in such a way as shall secure that every appliance science puts at our disposal shall be taken advantage of to secure the rapid recovery of curable cases. The harmony which prevails all through the Asylum, and the satisfactory condition, in spite of manifold difficulties, bear the most convincing testimony to the devotion with which Dr. King has discharged his duty. I found all the statutory books and documents in order. 30th November, 1890. —To-day I made an examination of the Avhole Asylum. My especial object, hoAvever, was to examine the drainage works hoav in progress under the charge of Mr. Connall, which I find are being carried out in a most satisfactory manner. lam greatly astonished to find that the Public Works Department propose to take the works out of Mr. Connall's hands, contrary to the arrangement made with me when he came here, and I beg to represent most earnestly that it is very undesirable that this should be done. I find everything going on in the most satisfactory manner. 9th March, 1891.—Great improvements have been made in this Asylum during the year. It has been found necessary to take up the whole of the drainage system, and lay it down on entirely new lines, at a very large cost. Mr. Bell's plans have been carried out by Mr. Connall in the most thorough-going fashion. The large male airing-court is being laid down afresh in a way w 7hich will completely alter the dismal prison-like appearance Avhich it formerly presented. The greatest reform, however, which this Asylum has ever yet seen has been effected by Dr. Hassell and the neAv head attendant, Mr. McLeay, in inducing such a large proportion of men, hitherto supposed to be dangerous, and who Avere therefore continually kept in the airing-court idle, to go out into the garden, and on the farm. Nothing has given me more gratification than to see these men so greatly improved in health, and improved in temper and their habits generally, by their regular daily occupation in the open air. Of course the number of escapes has increased, but I have never hesitated to prefer the risk of escapes to the distressing and injurious confinement which has to be enforced in all asylums where the dread of escapes has resulted in the practical incarceration of a large proportion of the inmates. I have never been able until hoav to get the attendants of the Auckland Asylum to see that patients Avho Avere supposed to be dangerous and unfit to be trusted Avith any kind of tools would in reality be quite tractable if treated AA'ith kindness and confidence, while at the same time they should be vigilantly guarded. To attain this result I had to bring men accustomed to look after out-door gangs from the southern asylums, and the result has surpassed my expectations. The large number noAv sent to the Auxiliary Asylum as out-door Avorkers has had the further effect of greatly relieving the overcrowding of the main building. The farm, too, will soon present a very different appearance, and progress at a Aery much faster rate than hitherto. In a very short time the Asylum will have become a place which a lover of his fellow-man can feel a pleasure in visiting, and it will be a credit instead of a disgrace to the Province and City of Auckland. lam greatly indebted to Messrs. Cooper and Ewington for the unrelaxing A'igilance with Avhich they keep up their supervision of the institution. The total number of patients this day is 367—males, 251; and females, 116. Of these, there are only twenty-nine men who do not engage in some sort of occupation, while 207 men and sixty-eight women take their meals in the hall. All but a very feAV join in the amusements, Avhich are regularly attended to. Authority has been given for a new billiard-table for the Avorking patients at the Auxiliary, which will be a great boon on wet days, and in the evenings. Ghristchurch. 13th August, 1890. —I have spent to-day and yesterday in my usual half-yearly inspection of this Asylum. The patients in the Asylum to-day number 379 —males 231, and females 148. I examined carefully all the more recent cases, and satisfied myself that they are receiving every attention. Every one of the inmates was seen, and found to be suitably clothed for the season of the year. The cold wet weather has caused an unusual number to be confined to their beds. Ten males and twelve females were confined to bed under medical treatment. Twenty-four males and twenty females do not join in the recreations. Twenty-four males and six females are confined to the house. The number who are employed in some kind of useful work is 163 males and ninetyfour females, leaving sixty-eight men and fifty-four women who do not Avork at all. The number of artisan attendants as compared with ordinary out-door attendants requires for the present to be unusually large. By-and-by, when the new buildings and other improvements are completed, it Avill be possible to reverse the proportion, and thus employ a still larger number of patients in farmand garden-work. I hope that the present Parliament will authorise a sum of money sufficient to complete the male side by adding a cross block, containing much-needed day-room accommodation, at the north end; and that a front block, containing the necessary offices and public Avaiting-room, Avill be put up in front, so as to remove the unsightly appearance it presents at present. I found the Asylum working smoothly and effectively in all its parts. The relations of Dr. Levinge and his staff are now most satisfactory and harmonious. Every attendant who is able and willing to do his or her work finds in Dr. Levinge a just though determined ruler; and I am confident that things have now at length got into a state of stable equilibrium, and that for the future changes in the staff Avill be much less frequent. The hand of a-rigorous administrator Avhose heart is in his work

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is manifest in every department of the institution. Mr. Chapman, the head attendant, is very satisfactory. Mr. Russell's department is admirably managed ; both the stores and the clerical work are satisfactorily looked after, and I acknowledge in the heartiest manner Mr. Russell's devotion to his work and the great value of his services. Miss Campbell's relations to the female attendants are pleasant and harmonious, and the work is well done. The farm continues to be admirably managed. 27th January, 1891.—1 have found every department of this Asylum working well. The new female wing is all that I anticipated in point of comfort and commodiousness. All that is noAv wanted to make the Asylum complete is the erection of the promised additions to the front and the cross block at the end of the male wing. The Worthington pump, Avhich has been imported from England for water-supply and fire-extinction purposes, is now in complete working-order, except that it has not yet been connected with the river. This ought to be done immediately. The farm is being got into admirable order, and, if only we could get the necessary building operations completed, it would be possible for Dr. Levinge to get the immediate surroundings of the Asylum laid out into airing-courts and gardens, thus vastly increasing the amenities of the place. It has been most heartbreaking work for the Medical Superintendent ever since he took charge to find that no sooner has he begun to get the institution into something like order than he has to throw the front into confusion again for another instalment of works Avhich ought to have been completed long ago. The total number of patients this day is 386 ; of these, 230 are males and 156 females. Two women and one man were in seclusion. One woman wore a belt to which her wrists were fixed to keep her from irritating some sores on her face, and another was wearing a canvas dress. A careful record is kept in the medical journal of all cases of seclusion and restraint. The general health of the patients is good, except for the prevalence of goitre, the cause of AA'hich it is somewhat difficult to explain. The drainage of the north house has lately been laid bare, with the result that we find the pipes to have been laid in the most careless fashion. It is a Avouder we have escaped so long Avithout an epidemic of typhoid fever. The internal economy of the Asylum is highly satisfactory, and a good spirit animates the staff. All who have the opportunity of comparing the institution as it now is with Avhat it Avas before Dr. Levinge took charge must be struck with the difference ; and I am thankful to find that the Deputy Inspector and official Visitors bear conclusive testimony to this fact. Seacliff. 9th August, 1890. —I haAe been engaged all to-day and yesterday in making my half-yearly inspection of this Asylum. The weather being wintry I made a particular examination of the clothing, bedding, boots, &c, and found all were suitably and warmly clad. A good many, however, of the male patients had flannels which did not button at the neck, thereby failing to protect the chest sufficiently. I Avas gratified to find great improvements in many of the internal arrangements of the Asylum, all tending towards economy and increase of comfort simultaneously. In the two billiard-rooms the patients—about forty of them—are allowed to enjoy the game up to half-past 8, when the attendants are allowed to have the use of them. A string-band has also been started by the members of the staff, and provided by the Government with instruments. Yesterday afternoon I saAV about three hundred male and female patients having a dance in the upper hall, this band providing the music. The drainage of the whole Asylum is being greatly improved, according to the plans of Dr. King, who is a most competent sanitarian. With the valuable assistance of Mr. Newman, avlio is a skilful plumber, the Avork is being most efficiently and economically carried out. A new and commodious farm-steading is noAv being put up from materials bought at the Exhibition sales—part of the buildings were admirably adapted for our purpose— and will soon be ready for use. The new day-room, which occupies the space filled by the rear portion of the damaged block, is" now ready for use as a portion of a Avard Avhich is to be specially heated by Avater-pipes, and otherwise made suitable for the treatment of cases requiring special treatment and care. This is a great step in advance, for it will enable such cases to be kept from irritating and depressing contact with the rest of the insane inmates. I am sorry, however, that the north window is not three times as large, as it would greatly increase the cheerfulness of the day-room. I observe a great improvement on the male side, both in the appearance of the Avards and in the behaviour of the patients. The total number of inmates this day is 276 males and 206 females. Of these, only twenty-seven males and sixty females are unemployed. The farm gives employment to 140 males each day, the workshops employ forty-four, while the remainder are disposed in the wards, the dining-hall, the kitchen, the laundry, and the garden. To-day 261 men dined in hall and 206 women in their several wards. Ten males and ten females were confined to bed under medical treatment. Only three females were secluded. All the males, AA'ith the exception of those already mentioned, were up and about. Four men and two women were wearing strong dresses or locked gloves. I found no other mode of restraint in use; and a careful record is kept of all such cases, as Avell as of all who are secluded. Every visit I pay impresses me more and more Avith our good fortune in having secured a man of Dr. King's energy and ability to take charge of this large and difficult Asylum. He speaks in the highest terms of Dr. Fooks, his recently-appointed assistant, and already the carefully-kept case-books show that a great change has been made for the better. The head attendant, Mr. Robert Stewart, performs his duties most satisfactorily, and the improved state of things on the male side is largely due to him. 23rd January, 1891. —I find that during the past year Dr. King has initiated and successfully carried out very great improvements in the drainage and ventilation of this Asylum, so that now there is no reason to apprehend any bad effects from the original deficiency of the plans in these respects. He has also effected great reforms and improvements in the internal administration of the institution. The new billiard-room, the instrumental band under the skilful leadership of Mr. Haig, and the ornamentation and polishing of the wards, have greatly increased the efficiency and attractiveness of the Asylum. Notwithstanding the vigour Avith which-the rules arc enforced, and the cases

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of discipline which have occurred in the process of securing their enforcement, the best spirit prevails among the staff, and I think that point has been attained beyond which, discipline having been successfully vindicated, it will very seldom be necessary to have recourse to extreme measures for the future. A feature of special interest is the new airing-court laid out in front of the building on the female side. Very soon I hope that, by building a suitable house for the Medical Superintendent, the whole front will be set apart for the use of the patients. The new and commodious farmbuildings are nearly finished. Such a list of improvements effected in one year is a record of which any Superintendent might feel proud. The total number of patients is 275 males and 201 females, and I have to repeat my gratification Avith the condition in which I found them. Their treatment is in all respects satisfactory, and the administration of the institution as a whole is admirable. No form of restraint is in use, except that in certain cases locked gloves are put on to prevent patients from injuring themselves, and canvas dresses for a feAv destructive patients. The number of patients who are induced to do some kind of work is very great, and the general appearance and health are, in consequence, strikingly improved. Hokitika. 28th December, 1890.—T0-day and yesterday I have been engaged in my annual inspection of the Hokitika Asylum. I have examined every detail in its Avorking, and I am thoroughly satisfied Avith its condition. The number of patients on the books, all of whom I examined, is 101 —males, 69; and females, 32 —with one female out on trial. The number of eases in Avhich there is any hope of recovery is very small, but there is no asylum in the colony where the conditions for the successful treatment of curable cases are so easily attainable, owing to the comparatively small numbers and the possibility of special treatment. On the male side the existence of a separate cottage, where convalescents can be surrounded with selected cases and extremely comfortable surroundings, is a great feature of the institution. The diminishing population of the Coast goldfields has saved this Asylum from the overcroAvding Avhich has so hampered the working of thelarger institutions, and the admirable management lifts made the utmost use of existing opportunities. The general health of the inmates is extremely satisfactory. They are fed, clothed, and medically treated with the utmost solicitude. The Hokitika Asylum is one of the most satisfactory public institutions in the colony. Nelson. 13th February, 1891.—1 have this day made my animal inspjectiou of this Asylum. The total number of patients is 101 —males, 55; and females, 46. Only one patient Avas confined to bed, suffering from a temporary ailment; all the others except six were daily induced to occupy themselves in some form of regulated activity to their own great benefit in health and such happiness as is possible for them. Mr. and Mrs. Morrison are unremitting in their solicitude to do all that is possible to secure the comfort of the unfortunates committed to their care, while Dr. Boor's long experience and kindly skill are at all times available. lam satisfied that the appointment of Mr. and Mrs. Morrison has been a very fortunate one, and that the institution fully deserves the confidence which the public repose in its management. There has been a notable reduction in expenditure during the last year, and that, too, coincident with a no less notable improvement in the clothing and general comfort of the patients. The productiveness of the farm is steadily improving, and I hope to find that the improvements that Mr. Fell has indicated in the matter of water-supply and fire-prevention will soon be completed by the Public Works Department. The airing-court on the male side has been greatly improved, and the painting of the entire outside of the buildings has greatly improved the appearance of the Asylum. Wellington. 21st February, 1891.—Yesterday I completed my visits of inspection to this Asylum. I found one man and one woman under restraint for reasons which I found satisfactory. The woman was very noisy and violent. All the other inmates Avere up and about. As many as fifty-five males were doing some kind of work out of doors. I made a careful inspection of all the recent and more promising cases in consultation with Dr. Fooks. Except for the evils inseperable from overcroAvding I found the condition of the patients and the arrangements for their welfare such as are creditable to the Medical Superintendent and his staff. In especial I noticed an improvement on the female side. NotAvithstanding that the matron was absent on leave, everything Avas going on very satisfactorily. As a Avhole, lam satisfied that the Asylum is ill a sound condition, and now that a tender for the Chronic Asylum at Porirua has actually been accepted, not only this but all the asylums in the colony will be relieved of a great difficulty which has cumbered them for years. All the statutory books and documents were in order. The number of male patients is 174 ; of females, 118 : total, 292. The Farm Asylum at Porirua I have visited several times during the year, and I always found everything in good order. Mr. Wyburne is a very capable and trustworthy officer, and has made this a very valuable auxiliary to the means at the disposal of Dr. Fooks for the treatment of convalescents. He is rapidly getting the farm into good order. A great deal of vigilance will be required on his part during the progress of the large building contract now being put in hand. Ashhurn Hall. 10th August, 1890.-—This clay I have seen and conversed with every patient in this Asylum. They are all suitable cases for detention, and are receiving suitable treatment. The cleanliness of the rooms and bedding is perfect, and the comfort of the patients is sedulously attended to. The time has now 7 come that the reputation of the institution is so well known that the proprietors must cither enlarge and extend their accommodation of increase their charges. No more patients can be

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suitably provided for except as others are discharged. I have inspected and approved the plans which have been prepared of a neAV building to accommodate ten more females of a more select class of cases, and I hope at my next visit to find it ready for occupation. The Asylum and all its adjuncts and surroundings are satisfactory in every respect, and the management has my unqualified approval. 19th January, 1891.—1 find, after careful examination of this Asylum, and after separately conversing with all the inmates, that no one is improperly detained. I have not heard any complaints, though I have given every opportunity for making them. Every room and bed I found perfectly clean. The food is good, abundant, and well cooked. The attendants are suitable and well looked after, and the case-book shoAvs that the developments of each case are carefully watched and treated by Dr. Alexander. The nev? building for the female side will be fit for occupation in about two months, and this will give further opportunities of more complete classification and special treatment. I am informed that a similar extension of the male side has been decided on, so as to provide for larger numbers. The number of patients this day is 36, 18 males and 18 females. Ist March, 1891.—1 have this day paid a surprise visit to this Asylum for the purpose of satisfying myself on certain matters which I desired further to examine. I found everything going on satisfactorily; one or two matters requiring amendment I have discussed with Dr. Alexander and Mr. Hume, and Ave have arranged that a new lavatory is to be provided and the bathing rules amended. I have, &c, D. Macgregor, M.A., M.8., Inspector of Asylums.

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APPENDIX.

Table I.—Showing the Admissions, Readmissions, Discharges, and Deaths in Asylums during the Year 1890.

Table II.—Admissions, Discharges, and Deaths, with the Mean Annual Mortality and Proportion of Recoveries, &c., per Cent. on the Admissions, &c., during the Year 1890.

Table II.— continued.

Table II.— continued.

In asylums, 1st January, 1890 Admitted for the first time Readmitted M. p. T. M. 1,074 F. T. 687 1,761 186 44 120 34 312 78 J- 230 160 390 Total under care during the year Discharged and removed — Recovered Relieved Not improved Died 98 23 12 70 88 17 5 35 186 40 17 111 1,304 847 2,151 209 145 354 Remaining in asylums, 31st December, 1890 .. 1,095 702 1,797 Increase over 31st December, 1889 21 15 36 * Average number resident during the year 1,078 685 1,763

Admissions in 1890. Total Number In Asylums Asylums. 1st January, 1890. Admitted for the First Time. Readmitted. Total. Patients under Care. Auckland .. lihristchurch Dunedin (Seacliff) .. Elokitika kelson Wellington .. Hall (private asylum) M. F. 261 128 223 145 282 214 75 30 56 42 160 112 17 16 T. 389 368 496 105 98 272 33 M. 38 4.3 35 6 6 49 9 F. 18 32 20 6 10 25 9 T. 56 75 01 12 16 74 18 M. P. 8 8 9 9 13 11 2 0 1 0 11 11 0 0 T, 11 18 24 2 1 22 0 M. 46 52 48 8 7 60 9 p. 21 41 37 0 10 30 9 T. 67 93 85 14 17 96 18 M. P. 307 149 275 186 330 251 83 30 63 52 220 148 20 25 T. _5t 461 581 lit IU 86S 51 Totals 1,074 687 1,761 186 126 312 44 34 78 230 100 390 1,304 847 2,15:

Patients discharged and died. In Asylums oh 31st December. 1890. Asymins. Disc Discharged recovered. .charge ed Discharged not recovered. Total discharged and died. Died. recc iovered d. I _t. Auckland .. .. .. I 21 jhristchurch .. .. | 22 Dunedin (Seacliff) .. ..18 Hokitika .. .. ..' 6 Melson .. .. .. 2 Wellington .. .. .. j 25 4.shburn Hall (private asylum) ! 4 P. 22 20 21 2 4 15 . T. 43 42 39 8 6 40 8 M. 11 8 10 0 0 5 1 p. 2 5 4 0 0 8 3 T. M. 13 \ 18 13 | 13 14 : 20 0 8 0 3 13 12 4 : 2 F. 9 (i 13 1 o 4 0 _. 27 19 33 9 5 16 2 M. 50 43 48 14 5 42 7 F. 33 31 38 3 6 27 7 T. 83 74 86 17 11 69 14 M. P. 257 116 232 155 282 213 69 33 58 46 17S 121 19 18 T. 373 387 495 102 104 299 37 Totals 98 88 186 35 22 57 ' 70 35 111 209 145 354 1,095 702 1,79'

Asylums. Average Number resident during the Year. Percentage of Recoveries on Admissions during the Year. Percentage ol Vpr.m.n ._ nf Deaths on Average ; DiSthlon Number resident \ th6 Idmissions during the Year, j tne Admissions. Auckland.. Dhristchurch Dunedin (Seacliff) Hokitika Sfelson Wellington ishburn Hall (private asylum) *.-• M. F. 249 118 226* 1484 282 213 75 30 58 43 169& 115J 18 17 T. 367 375 495 105 101 285 35 M. F. _. 45-65 104-76 64-18 42-31 48-78 45-16 37'50 56-76 45-88 75-00 33-33 57-14 28-57 40-00 35-29 41-67 41-67 41-67 44-44 44-44 44-44 M. P. T. j M. F. T. 7-23 7-63 7-36 ' 39-13 42-86 40-3C 5-74 4-04 5-07 ! 25-00 14-63 20-4S 7-09 6-10 6-67 J 41-67 35-14 38-82 10-67 3-33 8-57 100-00 16-67 64-2'.: 5-17 4-65 4-95 42-86 20-00 29-41 708 3-46 5-61 20-00 11-11 16-61 11-11 0-00 5-71 22-22 0U0 11-11 Totals 1,078 685 1,763 42-61 55-00 47-69 7-05 5-11 6-29 33-04 21-87 28-41

9

H.—2

Table III.—Ages of Admissions.

Table IV.—Duration of Disorder at Admission.

Table V.—Ages of Patients discharged "recovered" and "not recovered" during the Year 1890.

Table V.— continued.

2—H. 2.

Ages. Auckland. Christchurch. (sTclfri;: hokitika1 Nelson. Welling. ! ! Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). Total. M. F. I. , M. F. T. 1 1 2 2 4 4 i 4 7 11 11 11 22 19 10 29 11 3 14 6 0 6 . M. P. T. M. F. T. M. F. _. 0 1 1 0 i 1 1 10 i 1' 0 'i 1 1112 2 8 6 >' 1 2 3 1 1 2 ■j 2 0 2 2 1 3 : 3 1 4 0 2 2 101202 0 1 1 M. P. T. M. F. T. M. P. T. 0 11 0 4 4 16 7 7 13 20 44 39 83 69 35 104 56 30 86 36 17 53 9 6 15 6 9 15 Inder 5 years 'rom 5 to 10 years » 10 „ 15 ' „ „ 15 „ 20 „ „ 20 „ 30 , „ 30 „ 40 „ „ 40 „ 50 „ „ 50 „ 60 „ „ 60 „ 70 „ „ 70 „ 80 „ „ 80 „ 90 „ fnknown 0 11 112 9 7 16 12 4 16 12 3 15 7 3 10; 2 13: 2 13! i 2 0 2! 4 6 lOj 15 5 20 1 14 14 281 10 7 17 3 2 5 0 3 3; 112 0 3 3 14 8 22 20 12 32 14 7 21 8 1 9 13 4 112 3 3 6 1 1 2 12 3 2 3 5 1 "_ _\ 2 "o 2 1 "0 l 1 10 1 2 "0 2 I Totals 40 21 67; i \ ' 8 0 14 7 10 17 52 41 93 48 37 85' 60 36 96 9 9 18 230 100 390

Auckland. Christchurch. Dunedin (Seacliff). Hokitika. Nelson. Wellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). Total. M. P. T. It. F. T. M. P. T. M. P. T. M. P. T. M. P. T. M. P. T. M. F. T. fTirst Class (first attack, and within 3 months on admission) Second Class (first attack, above 3 months and within 12 months on admission) Third Class (not first attack, and within 12 months on admission) Fourth Class (first attack or not, but of more than 12 months on admission) Jnknown 23 10 33 6 3 9 9 4 13 17 8 25 2 1 3 14 16 30 19 9 28 10 4 14 12 10 22 5 2 7 10 1 2 2 4 3 5 8 Oil 3 2 5 41 14 55 6 3 9 3 6 9 2 2 4 4 3 7 2 0 2 110 50 16( 29 15 _4 45 40 8£ 8 4 12 0 7 13 13 9 22 7 14 21 0 1 1 Oil 12 3 10 13 23 14 5 33 45 76 13 10 22 Totals 46 21 67 52 41 93I 48 37 85 8 0 14 7 10 17 60 36 96 9 9 18 230 160 391

Ages. Auckland. Eecovered J recovered Recovered] rec^rea Christchurch. Dunedii Recoverec (Seacliff). ! Not L| recovered Re.eovered| rec^ed Hokitika. M. F. T. M. F. T, M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. St. F. T. M. P. T. From 5 to 10 years „ 10 „ 15 „ „ 15 „ 20 „ „ 20 „ 30 „ „ 30 „ 40 „ „ 40 „ 50 „ „ 50 „ 60 „ „ 60 „ 70 „ „ 70 „ 80 „ „ 80 „ 90 „ Jnknown 6 7 13 6 3 9 7 8 15 14 5 10 1 2 13 10 1 1 0 1 3 1 4 3 0 3 1 0 1 2 3 5 7 5 12 5 4 9 4 5 9 4 2 0 0 1 1 3 1 4 3 2 5 112 10 1 Oil 112 2 3 5 6 4 10 5 9 14 3 3 0 1 0 1 0 11 1 0 1 112 3 2 5 3 0 3 2 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 2 2 13 10 1 10 1 0 1 1 Totals 21 22 43! 11 2 13 :22 20 42 8 5 13 18 21 39 TO 4 14 ' 0 2 8

Ages. Recovered Net I Recovered Wellington. j (p^ recovered recovered Recovered rn Hall r „ , . Asylum), i iotal- [ recovered j Y6c^_ed M. F. T. M. F. T. II. F. T. M. P. T. ! M. F. T. M. F. T. ! M. F. T.) M. F. T. III. F. T. I M. F. T. From 5 to 10 years „ 10 „ 15 „ „ 15 „ 20 „ „ 20 „ 30 „ „ 30 „ 40 „ „ 40 „ 50 „ „ 50 „ 60 „ „ 60 „ 70 , „ 70 „ 80 „ „ 80 „ 90 „ Unknown ..011 ..011 ..011 .. ' 1 1 2 '.. 1 0 1 0-2 2 Oil 7 4 11 112 12 3 15 12 3 4 5 9 2 3 5 10 1 112 112 2 0 2 12 3 112 0 1 1 5 8 13 1 1 2 0 1 1 . 25 22 47 7 5 12 1 2 3 32 17 49 6 6 12 22 29 51 6 5 11 10 9 19 8 3 11 4 2 G' 6 0 6 0 11112 5 8 13 0 1 1 - 25 22 47 1 2 3 32 17 49 22 29 51 10 9 19 4 2 0 Oil t | oil Totals .. 2 4 6 ! Xi5 40 5 8 18 4 " 4 8 1 3 4 | 98 88 186 35 22 57 1 3 4 I 98 88 186

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10

Table VI.—Ages of the Patients who died.

Table VII.—Condition as to Marriage.

Ages. \fi__-\___ ; Christ- Duuedin Auckland. | church (Seacliff). Hokitika. Ashburn Nelson. Wellington: XXAsylum). Total. SI. P. T. SI. F. T, ,10 1 oil! 10 110 1 12 3 0 11 3 14 2 3 5 3 2 5 4 0 4 4 0 4 3 14 5 2 7 112 2 0 2 si. F. T. St. F. T. ' M. F. T. SI. P. T. SI. F. T. SI. P. T. 1 0 1 0 2 2 3 0 3 3 3 6 13 6 19 19 10 29 18 4 22 11 4 15 7 4 11 ?rom 5 to 10 years „ 10 „ 15 „ „ 15 „ 20 „ „ 20 „ 30 „ „ 30 „ 40 „ „ 40 „ 50 „ „ 50 „ 60 „ „ 60 „ 70 „ „ 70 „ 80 „ „ 80 „ 90 „ Unknown Oil 10 1 4 15 6 5 11 6 2 8 2 2 4 0 2 2 10 1 10 1 1 0 1 3 14 3 0 3)011 325 112101101 3 0 3 .. 10 1 101011 303 .. 2 0 2 '.'. oil 18 9 27 I 13 6 19 10 1 '.. '.'. oil 12 3 Totals 20 13 33 8 1 9 3 2 5 12 4 16 I 2 0 2 76 35 111

Admissions. Discharges. Deaths. Auckland— Single Married Widowed Unknown si. 29 11 6 P. T. 9 38 8 19 4 10 SI. P. T. 20 5 25 10 16 26 2 3 5 SI. 9 6 3 F. _. 5 14 2 8 2 5 Totals 46 21 67 32 24 56 18 9 27 Chbi stchubch — Single Married Widowed Unknown 34 14 48 17 23 40 14 5 10 7 23 13 13 26 15 6 10 2 1 2 12 1 3 .3 4 Totals 52 41 93 30 25 55 13 6 19 Donedin (Seacliff) — Single Married Widowed Unknown 25 8 33 21 20 41 2 9 11 18 7 25 9 14 23 1 4 5 12 7 1 5 17 5 12 3 4 Totals 48 37 85 28 25 53 20 13 33 HOKJ'IIKA — Single Married Widowed ■ Unknown 4 2 6 3 4 7 10 1 5 1 1 1 6 2 5 0 0 0 1 5 3 1 Totals 8 6 14 6 2 8 8 1 9 Nelson — Single Married Widowed Unknown 5 _ 0 4 4 _ 9 6 2 1 ■1 0 1 ■2 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 2 Totals 7 10 17 2 4 0 3 2 5 .Wellington— Single Married Widowed Unknown 30 14 44 24 18 42 6 4 10 16 13 1 9 25 12 25 2 3 4 7 1 3 1 0 7 8 1 Totals 60 30 96 30 23 53 12 4 16 Ashbubn Hall (Private Asylum) Single Married Widowed Unknown 4 4 1 2 6 6 10 1 2 3 1 1 4 3 0 7 4 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 Totals 9 9 18 5 7 12 2 0 2 Totals — Single Married Widowed Unknown ■4." ' 131 53 184 82 83 165 17 24 41 79 34 113 48 01 109 6 15 21 42 16 58 27 9 36 7 10 17 Totals - 230 160 390 133 110 243 76 35 111

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11

Table VIII.—Native Countries.

Table IX.—Ages of Patients on 31st December, 1890.

Table X. —Length of Residence of Patients who died during 1890.

Countries. Auckland. |Christchurch Dunedin (Seacliff). Hokitika. Nelson. AA 7ellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). Total. England Scotland Ireland New Zealand Australian Colonies France Germany Norway Sweden Denmark Italy China Maoris Other countries SI. F. T. 105 49 154 20 10 30 07 30 97 28 21 49 2 0 2 3 0 3 5 1 6 2 0 2 3 0 3 112 1 0 1 3 0 3 7 4 11 10 0 10 SI. F. T. 92 65 157 25 18 43 72 48 120 16 13 29 6 3 9 10 1 9 1 10 112 1 0 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 0 11 6 5 11 SI. F. T. 63 80 143 83 54 137 75 07 142 16 5 21 1 0 1 112 13 0 13 1 2 3 10 1 2 1 3 2 2 4 14 0 14 0 1 1 10 0 10 SI. F. T. SI. F. T. 13 7 2019 15 34 12 2 14 6 4 10 25 18 4319 10 29 6 3 9 8 13 21 1 1 Z 1 0 1 0 2 2 4 15 0 1 1 2 0 2 0 1 1 112 2 0 2: 2 0 2, 2 0 2; 1 0 1 1 6 12 0 2 M. P. T. 57 28 85 23 10 33 53 46 99 18 18 36 5 4 9 0 6 12 1 2 3 3 0 3 2 3 5 M. F. T. 8 8 16 0 4 10 12 3 2 4 6 2 0 2 M. F. 357 252 175 102 312 221 94 77 18 8 5 3 37 10 5 5 10 1 9 6 6 2 22 0 10 8 35 7 T. 609 277 533 171 26 8 47 10 11 15 8 22 18 42 1 0 1 3 2 5 6 2 8 Totals 257116 373 232155 387 i282 213 495 69 33 102 58 40 104 178 121 299 19 18 37 1,095 702 1,797

Ages. Auckland. g££ ! (le Ua nchff" Hokitika- NelsonAshbiii ii Wellington. (p H^ e Asylum). Total. Sl. F. _. > M. p. T. Oil' 0 3 8 2 0 2: 1 5 6' 25 13 38 60 45 105j 56 45 10l| 62 27 89! 23 13 36 3 3 6' SI. F. T. SI. F. T. SI. F. T. I 0 2 2 0 1 I 1 10 1! 2 0 2' 0 1 lfl-O 1 4 0 4 4 7 11 8 7 1512 11 23 27 15 42 21 14 35 21 4 2510 9 19 5 0 5 0 3 9 0 2 2 2 1 3 .. ! 3 2 5 M. F. T. M. P. T. si. p. 0 1 1 0 12 8 11 12 101 77 271 180 307 210 255 126 100 40 £0 18 2 5 15 7 T. 1 7 20 23 178 451 523 381 146 38 7 22 1 to 5 years 5 , 10' „ .0 „ 15 , .5 , 20 „ i0 „ 30 „ 10 „ 40 „ 10 „ 50 „ iO „ GO „ iO „ 70 „ '0 „ 80 „ 10 „ 90 „ Jnknown 12 3 3 14 23 16 39: 70 29 99| 73 29 102 55 19 74! 24 10 34; 4 6 10: 13 4 3 14 3 "3 6 3 2 5 20 23 43 72 51 123 77 72 149 75 49 124 25 9 34 5 2 7 Oil 2 13 10 1.. 3 3 6: 3 3 6, 22 13 35 3 5 8 44 36 80 5 1 0 50 35 85 3 6 9 28 13 41' 4 5 9 15 10 25 2 1 3 4 4 8 2 0 2 1 1 2 .. 7 3 10 Totals 257 116 373' 232 155 387 282 213 495 69 33 10258 46 104' ,178 121 29919 18 37| |1,095 702 1,79'

Length of Residonce. | Auckland. ™- Dunedin (Seacliff). Hokitika. Nelson. Wellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). Total. Jnder 1 month 1 to 3 months .. 3 „ 6 6 „ 9 9 „ 12 1 „ 2 years 2 „ 3 „ 3 „ 5 „ 5 „ 7 „ 7 „ 10 „ .0 „ 12 „ .2 „ 15 „ )ver 15 „ Died while absent on trial .. 31. P. T. 10 1 3 1 4 SI. F. T. 12 3 10 1 2 13 31. F. T. 2 4 6 10 1 0 3 3 2 2 4 31. F. T. 10 1 31. P. T. M. F. T. 10 1 2 0 2 2 0 2 31. F. T. 10 1 31. F. T. 5 6 11 9 1 10 4 4 8 3 3 6 8 19 0 4 10 8 4 12 10 1 11 0 4 10 2 5 7 3 0 3 5 0 5 7 18 Oil 112 3 0 3 2 2 4 10 1 2 13 2 0 2 14 5 2 13 112 2 0 2 10 1 Oil 10 1 10 1 112 2 0 2 3 0 3 3 2 5 0 11 10 1 10 1 112 10 1 10 1 i i' 2 2 0 2 3 0 3 10 1 12 3 1 0 1 oil 2 0 2 10 1 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 Oil 10 1 5 0 5 0 1 1 Totals .. 18 9 27 13 6 19 20 13 33 8 19 3 2 5 12 4 1G 2 0 2 76 35 11

H.—2

12

Table XI.—Length of Residence of Patients discharged "recovered" during 1890.

Table XII.—Causes of Death.

Length of Residence. Auckland. Christchurch. Dunedin (Seacliff). Hokitika. Nelson. Wellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). Total. Fnder 1 month 'rom 1 to 3 months ,, 3 „ 6 „ ,, 6 „ 9 „ „ 9 „12 „ „ 1 „ 2 years .. „ 2 „ 3 „ .. „ 3 „ 5 „ .. „ 5 „ 7 „ .. „ 7 „10 „ .. „ 10 „ 12 „ . . „ 12 „ 15 „ .. iver 15 M. F. T. 3 0 3 6 4 10 3 8 11 3 14 3 5 8 10 1 12 3 112 Oil M. P. T. 0 3 3 3 7 10 7 4 11 5 2 7 2 13 3 14 Oil 2 13 31. F. T. 10 6 16 3 2 5 Oil 12 3 2 7 9 Oil 112 Oil 10 1 31. F. T. 12 3 10 1 10 1 10 1 SI. F. _. Oil 0 3 3 10 1 SI. P. T. 6 2 8 8 19 4 8 12 4 3 7 112 10 1 31. P. T. Oil 2 0 2 112 Oil Oil M. P. T, 6 6 is 25 20 45 24 18 42 14 15 29 8 6 14 10 14 24 12 3 7 4 11 12 3 2 13 1 0 1 1 0 1 10 1 10 1 1 0 1 Totals 21 22 43 22 20 42 18 21 39 6 2 8 2 4 6 25 15 40 4 4 8 98 88 18i

Auckland. Christchurch. Dunedin (Sea-cliff). Ashburn Welling- Hall ton. (Private Asylum). Causes. Hokitika. Nelson. Total. 31. F. T. 10 1 Oil 4 0 4 31. F. T. M. P. T. 31. F. T. 31. P. T. St. F. T. 31. P. T. SI. P. T. 10 1 2 13 4 0 4 Oil 2 2 4 Oil 10 1 13 4 2 0 2 11 6 17 112 10 1 10 1 Oil 10 1 2 0 2 10 1 5 2 7 10 1 10 1 12 3 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 1 0 1 10 1 3 14 Oil 14 2 16 Oil 10 1 3 3 6 Oil 10 1 3 2 5 10 1 Oil Oil 10 1 3 14 10 1 Oil icute mania Apoplexy isthma.. itrophy of the brain Bronchitis Bronchitis and old age Broncho-pneumonia Oancer Cerebral congestion Oerebral disease .. Ohronic abscess Ohronic dysentery Ohronic nephritis Oolitis .. Oongestion of lungs Disease of heart and lungs Dropsy Epilepsy Erysipelas Erysipelas and heart disease Exhaustion Extravasation of urine Gastritis Heart disease Influenza Intestinal perforation Liver disease Old ago Ovarian disease Paralysis, general Paralysis, spastic Peritonitis Phthisis Pleurisy and dropsy Pleuro-pneumonia Pneumonia Pneumonic phthisis Puerperal septicaemia Pulmonary congestion Senile decay Suicide Tuberculosis Typhoid fever 2 0 2 0 1 1 1 2 3 10 1 0 1 1 10 1 Oil 2 0 2 3 14 Oil 112 6 1 7 0 4 4 112 2 0 2 10 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 10 1 2 0 2 i '6 i 3 2 5 1 0 1 1 0 1 10 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 112 10 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 10 1 10 1 3 0 3 0 1 1 o i' i 2 0 2 4 0 4 Oil 10 1 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 3 2 5 10 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 Oil 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 2 1 0 1 0 2 2 1 0 1 Oil 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 Totals .. .% 18 9 27 13 6 19 20 13 33 8 19 3 2 12 4 16 2 0 2 76 35 111

13

H.—l2

Table XIII. —Causes of Insanity.

Causes. Auckland. Christchurch. Dunedin (Seacliff). Hokitika. j Nelson. Wellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). Total. 31. P. T. 5 0 5 101 31. P. T. M. P. T. 4 0 4 M. P. T. 31. P. T. 31. P. T. 10 1 3 1 4 sr. F. T. 31. F. T. 10 0 1C 4 1 5 1 1 2 10 1 11 4 15 0 11 11 Oil 5 11 16 2 13 3 13 16 37 10 53 10 1 10 3 13 112 13 4 6 0 6 2 3 5 10 1 13 23 36 0 2 2 2 13 Oil 13 4 19 0 19 7 2 9 10 1 10 1 Oil Oil 0 2 2 10 1 3 14 10 1 0 2 2 5 5 10 6 4 10 0 3 3 10 1 0 1 1 5 16 4 0 4 3 1 4 2 0 2 2 1 3 56 36 92 1 0 1 iccident adverse circumstances idolesoence .. Cancer Cerebral lesions )hild-bearing Climacteric Congenital Disappointment Domestic trouble Drink Dyspepsia and constipation Epilepsy Excitement .. bright financial difficulties .. jrief Heart disease Hereditary Tysteria Ill-health Joss of sight.. 363 0 3 3 12 3 112 16 7 6 3 9 1 l' 2 3 14 0 2 2 3 36 1 2" 3 10 2 12 8 l' 4 112 10 1 4 3 7 Oil Oil Oil 13 4 9 3 12, 1 0 1 10 1 101 oil l 6' i oil 022 0 2' 2 1 6' 1 0 4 4 1 2" 3 0 22 8 4 12 4 15 112 Oil oil 4 15 0 i' 1 Oil 10 1 5 0 5 oil Oil 2 13 10 1 6 5 11 1 6' 1 2 2 4 0 55 0 2 2 2 13 i 3' 4 2 7 9 oil 2 6 2 Jove Masturbation Mental anxiety Moral depravity ilyxcedema Dvaritis Dverstudy Dverwork Daralysis Physical causes Poverty Prostitution and drink Religion Senile decay .. Sequelae of acute disease Sexual excitement Softening of brain Solitude Sunstroke Syphilis traumatic Use of chloroform and opiates .. Jnknown Slot insane 5 6 5 Oil 112 6 0 6 3 14 10 1 0 2 2 2 0 2 1 6' 1 2 0' 2 011 3 6' 3 3 0 3 10 1 10 1 oil 0 1 1 0 i' 1 0 i' 1 oil 1 0 1 1 6' 1 1 a 1 202 3 14 2 0 2 0 1' 1 12 3 022 112 1 2' 3 1 2' 3 0 3 3 1 6' 1 101 1 0 1 5 0 5 2 0 2 oil 0 i' 1 2 0 2 Oil 2 0 2 2 0 2 1 6' 1 7 6' 7 15 li'26 0 l' 1 11 12 23 1 i' 2 202 2 2 4 20 16'30 101 Totals 46 21 6 1 52 41 13 85 8 6 14 18

H.—2

14

Table XIV.—Former Occupations of Patients.

Occupations. Auckland. Dunedin (Seacliff). Hokitika. Nelson. Wellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). Total Males. SI. P. T. SI. F. T. 10 1 10 1 M. F. T. M, F. T. St. F. T. 31. F. T. 31. F. I. 31. P. T. 10 1 10 1 10 1 5 0 5 2 0 2 10 1 9 0 9 7 0 7 3 0 3 9 0 9 2 0 2 10 1 2 0 2 15 0 15 10 1 2 0 2 2 0 2 3 0 3 13 0 13 2 0 2 3 0 3 4 0 4 10 1 80 0 80 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 14 0 14 3 0 3 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 8 0 8 5 0 5 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 1 0 1 8 0 8 2 0 2 Artist Basketmaker Blacksmith Bootmakers Bricklayers Builder Carpenters, cabinetmakers, &c. Carters, coachmen, &o. Chemists Clerks 10 1 2 0 2 1 0 1 1 6 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 10 1 i '6 i 1 '6 1 5 0 5 4 0 4 1 0 1 1 '6 1 2 0 2 2 0 2 10 1 4 0 4 10 1 2 '6 2 i 1 0 1 1 '6 1 10 1 3 0 3 Compositors Contractor Cooks Farmers, runholders, &c. Fisherman Fitters and moulders Gardeners Gentlemen Gumdiggers .. Hawkers Horset-rainers, -dealers, &o. Hotelkeepers Insurance-agent Labourers Lithographer Livery-stable keeper Maltster Messenger Miners Painters and plumbers Paper-bag maker Pawnbroker Poundkeeper Rabbiter Reporter Schoolmasters 1 '0 1 2 '0 2 101 1 0 1 13 0 13 10 1 10 1 1 0 1 .10 0 10 2 '0 2 2 '0 2 1 0 1 10 1 1 0 1 10 1 20 0 20 2 '6 2 3 0 3 * 2 'o 2 20 '6 20 2- '6 2 5 "6 5 10 1 10 1 1 0 1 28 6 28 10 1 3 0 3 2 '6 2 1 '6 1 1 0 1 1 '6 1 7 '6 7 7 0 7 3 '6 3 1 '0 1 10 1 10 1 1 0 1 10 1 10 1 5 0 5 3 0 3 3 '6 3 2 '0 2 10 1 Seamen Settlors Shearer Shipwright Solicitor Steward Storekeeper Surveyor Venetian-blind maker Weaver Well-sinker No occupation Unknown 10 1 1 0 1 1 '6 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 1 '6 1 ! I " 10 1 1 '6 1 1 0 1 4 0 4 1 '6 1 I 1 1 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 Fesiales. 0 11 0 29 29 0 11 0 2 2 0 23 23 0 5 5 0 3 3 0 3 3 0107107 0 18 18 0 7 7 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 1 1 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 10 16 Charwomen Domestic duties Domestic servants Dressmakers Housekeepers Laundresses Music-teacher Prostitutes Vagrants No occupation 0 9 9 0 6 0 0 2 2 0 28 28 0 4-4 0 11 0 2 2 0 "_ _ Oil 0 5 5 0 11 0 11 0 '9 9 ■ 0 'i 1 0 11 X 1 1 •• I ! •• 0 2 2 0 "2 2 011 0 2 2 0 9 9 oil 0 '3 3 Tatals 46 21 67 52 41 93 48 37 85 8 6 14 7 10 17 I 60 36 96 9 9 18 230 100 3S0

H.—2

15

Table XV.— Showing the Expenditure for the Year 1890.

Table XVI.— Average Cost of each Patient per Annum.

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16

Table XVII. —Expenditure, out of Immigration and Public Works Loan, on Asylum Buildings during the Financial Year ended 31st March, 1891, and Liabilities for the same.

Table XVIII. —Total Expenditure, out of Immigration and Public Works Loan, for Repairs and Buildings at each Asylum from 1st July, 1877, to 31st March, 1891.

* Includes £100 charged as unauthorised. I Includes £200 charged as unauthorised. Approximate Cost of Paper.— Preparation, nil; printing (1,400 copies), £14 15s.

Authority : Gjsobge Didsbuby, Government Printer, Wellington.—lB9l.

Asylums. Net Expenditure lor Year ended 31st March, 1891. Liabilities on 31st March, 1891. Auckland Wellington ) Porirua f Christchurch Dunedin (Seacliff).. Hokitika Nelson £ s. d. 1,663 8 9 83 16 1 5,390 10 4 1,387 11 9 43 9 1 361 1 9 £ s. d. 1,921 12 9 17,837 14 2 477 0 10 13 13 10 327 8 7 ' Totals 8,929 17 9 20,577 10 2

Asylums. 1877-81. 1884-85. 1885-80. 1886-87. Auckland Wellington Wellington (Porirua Road Asylum).. jhristchurch Dunedin (Seacliff) Napier Kokitika.. kelson £ s. c 45,706 9 i 18,429 5 ' 2,750 0 i 44,762 10 86,749 15 i 147 0 < 1,042 18 1 1,402 7 i £ s. d. 3,216 14 0 1,^204 10 9 £ s. d. 138 0 3 Or. 16 10 0 £ S. d. 2,728 7 4 241 1 10 1,466 7 0 6,107 2 7 1,744 15 11 5,490 7 10 15,080 4 0 2,13i'l7 2 1,729 5 6 16 11 9 7 15 6 1,40611 1* Totals .. • 201,050 6 24,992 3 3 4,007 6 2 13,694 5 9 Asylums. 1887-88. 1888-89. 1889-90. 1890-91. Total Net Expenditure from 1st July, 1877. £ s. d. 11,474 18 9 1 1,381 2 7 £ s. d. 3,205 4 2 £ s. d. 90 19 6 £ s. d. 1,663 8 9 £ s. d. 68,224 8 11 Auckland Wellington Wellington (Porirua Road Asylum).. Ohristchurch Dunedin (Seacliff) Napier Hokitika.. Nelson 9,868 19 5 176 2 1 16 8 4 3,943 15 5 2,876 14 7 10,962 18 11 4,400 13 7 83 16 1 5,390 10 4 1,387 11 9 25,550 8 2 88,658 1 9 114,145 2 11 147 0 0 1,164 19 8 3,843 15 4 206 0 Of 200 0 0 62' 0 0 200 0 0 48* 9 1 361 1 9 Totals 23,107 2 10 10,242 2 6 15,710 12 0 8,929 17 9 301,739 16 9