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1889. NEW ZEALAND.
CENTENNIAL INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION AT MELBOURNE, 1888 (REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMISSIONERS ON THE).
Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.
May it please youb Excellency,— Wellington, New Zealand, 19th June, 1889. The Commissioners have the honour to report to your Excellency that they have now completed the duty that was intrusted to them in connection with the Centennial International Exhibition at Melbourne by your Excellency's Commission dated the 28th December, 1887. The Commissioners held their first meeting on the following day—December 29th—and have since held twenty-two meetings for the transaction of business. The Commissioners made a first report dated the Bth May, 1888, appended to which are full details of the work done up to that date. This report was presented to Parliament on the 13th May, 1888. The first estimate, which was made in that report, of the probable expense to the colony of its representation at the Exhibition was founded on the amount of space which was first applied for —namely, B,oooft. Notwithstanding the very unfavourable reports and criticisms of the Exhibition which were circulated, and the great depression which at that time existed in the colony, the Commissioners found that their efforts were being so well supported that it was deemed advisable to send one of their number, Mr. Seed, to Melbourne for the special purpose of securing an increase of the space allotted, and, through Mr. Seed's efforts and by subsequent arrangement, a large additional grant was obtained. The space thus secured, amounting in all to over 26,000 ft., was very fully occupied, the crowding of the exhibits in the New Zealand Court being much more marked than in almost any other court except that of Queensland, which had an extremely limited area. In addition to the large extra space, exceeding three times the original estimate, which had thus to be furnished and decorated, the extra freights and excessive insurance charges, and especially the extra superintendence required owing to the Exhibition being kept open and brilliantly lighted to a late hour every evening, still further increased the expenditure, so that it has amounted to nearly double the original estimate of £3,500. The number of exhibitors from New Zealand was 465, and the space actually occupied by New Zealand was 26,307 ft. The value of the exhibits was estimated by the owners at £20,000, and sales were effected in the court to the extent of one-quarter of this amount. The remainder of the exhibits have been returned to the owners or dealt with according to thpir instructions. A selection of articles, by request of the Hon. the Colonial Secretary, was made and sent to the Exhibition now being held in Paris, and a number of valuable fittings and furniture of the court, and also Government exhibits, have been transferred to Dunedin to do service at the forthcoming Jubilee Exhibition. The very large number of important awards secured by the New Zealand exhibitors is very gratifying to the Commissioners, being in all 355 —namely, 135 first, 6 of which gained mention for special excellence ; 103 second ; 60 third ; and 57 honourable mention. The Commissioners have the honour to enclose herewith various documents giving full details respecting the representation of New Zealand at the Exhibition, and respectfully beg to state that, in their opinion, the influence upon New Zealand of its representation at the late Melbourne Exhibition has been highly beneficial in promoting its best interests by attracting attention to the great natural resources of the colony and to the high standard of excellence which has already been obtained in its leading manufactures. T. W. Hislop. William Cable. Samdel Brown. Alfred K. Newman. William Seed. C. Julius Toxwaed. George E. Tolhurst. W. H. Levin. James Hector. I—H. 23.
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List of Enclosures. —l. Commissioners and Local Committees. 2. Report of Executive Commissioner. 3. Abstract of secretarial work. 4. Classification and abstract of catalogue. 5. Exhibitors according to districts. 6. Abstract of awards in groups. 7. Awards according to districts. 8. Statement of expenditure. 9. Official list of awards. 10. General description of New Zealand Court. 11. Plan of New Zealand Court. 12. Photographs of New Zealand Court. 13. The special printed catalogues of New Zealand Court.*
I. New Zealand Commission. President. —His Excellency Lieutenant-General Sir William Francis Drummond Jervois, G.C.M.G., 0.8., Governor of New Zealand. Vice-President and Executive Commissioner. —Sir James Hector, K.C.M.G., M.D., F.B.S. * Commissioners. —Hon. Thomas William Hislop, Colonial Secretary; Hon. George Marsden Waterhouse, M.L.C., Samuel Brown (Mayor of Wellington), William Cable, William Hort Levin (Consul for United States of America), Alfred Kingcome Newman, M.H.R., M.D., William Seed, George Edmeades Tolhurst, Christian Julius Toxward. Honorary Commissioners. —Vincent Pyke, M.H.8., Dunedin; Hon. William James Mudie Larnach, C.M.G., M.H.E., Dunedin; Hon. Thomas Fergus, M.H.8., Wellington; William Parker Street, Dunedin ; Charles Decimus Barraud, Wellington; Siegfried Kohn, Wellington ; Francis Henry Dillon Bell, Wellington; John Bateman Harcourt, Wellington ; the Mayor of the City of Auckland (Albert Edward Tyrell Devore), Auckland ; the Mayor of the City of Christchurch (Charles Louisson), Christchurch; the Mayor of Jhe City of Dunedin (William Dawson), Dunedin; William Booth, Carterton ; Henry Connell, Oamaru ; John Thomas Matson, Christchurch ; William Evans, Timaru; John Aitken Connell, Auckland ; Ernest Chapman, Melbourne ; Eobert Davidson, Oamaru; Hon. Mathew Holmes, M.L.C., Dunedin; John Eoberts, Dunedin; Hon. Sir Eobert Stout, K.C.M.G., Dunedin; the Mayor of Timaru (Moss Jonas), Timaru; Frederick Eevans Chapman, Dunedin; William Langdown, Christchurch; Samuel Danks, Wellington; John Eees George, Wellington; Arthur Winton Brown, Wellington ; George A. Macquarie, Oamaru; Eobert Struthers, Christchurch; Henry Thomson, Christchurch; Thomas Meek, Oamaru; Frederick Hobbs, Christchurch; Sir George Maurice O'Eorke, Kt., Speaker House of Eepresentatives, Auckland; Hutcheson Macaulay Posnett, M.A., LL.D., Auckland; Henry Dodson, M.H.8., Blenheim ; John Edward Denniston, Dunedin; James Hackworth, Dunedin; Samuel Haywood Mirams, Dunedin; George Irons, Wellington; Joseph Ivess, Christchurch; Gilbert Carson, Wanganui; Bichard Ernest Nowell Twopenny, Dunedin. Secretary. —Charles Callis. Local Committees.— Auckland: A. Devore (Mayor), Chairman; A. H. Nathan, W. Lodder, J. Brown, A. K. Murray, A. Bock, A. Walsh, E. Willmott, E. Keesing, J. Martin, C. H. Bennett, A. S. Andrews, E. C. Barstow, W. Wilson, G. Fraser, Captain Colbeck, — Ballantyne, J. Lamb; J. Young, secretary. Gisborne: W. H. Tucker (Mayor), Chairman; W. Sievwright, John Clark, J. Burke (Town Clerk). Napier: M. E. Miller, Chairman; N. Kettle, Vice-Chairman; G. H, Swan, G. Ellis, J. G. Kinross, A. C. Lang, H. A. Banner, J. Craig, E. Holt, T. Tanner, E. Wellwood, W. Eathbone, J. Harding; W. F. J. Anderson, secretary. Wanganui: J. Laird (Mayor), Chairman; F. A. Krull, J. Stevenson, A. Hatrick, T. D. Cummins, J. G. Sharpe, A. D. Willis, D. Murray; A. Filmer, secretary. Wellington: J. B. Harcourt, Chairman; J. Dransfield, J. H. Bethune, S. Danks, G. Allen, H. J. Williams; S. Carroll, secretary. Blenheim: G. W. Eiley (Mayor), Chairman ; W. B. Parker, H. Jellyman, W. Cooke, G. Houldsworth, J. B. Green, J. Sinclair, E. McArtney, W. Ching, E. Bythell, T. Horton, J. Ward, J. E. Eedwood, A. J. Litchfield, H. D. Vavasour, H. Dodson, M.H.E. Nelson: J. Sharp (Mayor), Chairman; Bishop of Nelson, J. H. Cock, J. Sclanders, F. Hamilton, J. Marsden, H. A. Levestam, S. Kirkpatrick, G. Sare, E. Hursthouse, A. D. Bayfeild, P. Cooke, J. Kerr, C. Y. Fell, M. Lightband, J. A. Harley, J. E. Dodson, J. H. Griffin, F. Trask; H. V. Gully, secretary. Greymouth : J. Petrie (Mayor), Chairman; E. Ashton, J. Barkley, F. Campbell, F. Gleeson, A. Hildebrand, J. Kilgour, F. W. Lahman, G. Perotti, P. Smith; J. A. Whall, secretary. Hokitika: C. E. Holmes (Mayor), Chairman; J. Churches, W. A. Thompson, J. A. M. Turner, H. Z. Levy, E. W. Wade, H. L. Michel, M. L. Moss, H. J. Hansen, J. Mandl, W. D. Banks, M. W. Jack, M. Pollock, W. G. Johnston, H. Hyams, L. Northcroft, H. Lewis, G. Schaef; A. B. King, secretary. Christchurch: C. Louisson (Mayor), Chairman ; Hon. Colonel Brett, G. G. Stead, J. Anderson, jun., J. T. Danks, J. Cooke, W. E. Mitchell, W. Langdown, J. Ollivier, A. W. Bevan, F. Graham, G. T. Booth, J. Deans, P. Cunningham, T. Green, M. Murphy, L. J. Scott, E. Allen, P. Duncan, Captain Garcia, Captain Hutton, W. Gibb, H. Gibb, Luke Adams, A. Kirk, A. Aulsebrook, A. J. White, E. Struthers, B. Hale, S. Manning, G. Tombs, H. Toomer, H. Thomson, John Grigg, G. F. Martin, W. Henderson. Oamaru: G. Sumpter (President Chamber of Commerce), Chairman; W. Christie (Mayor), T. Meek, E. P. Burbury, T. Forrester, J. H. Barr. Timaru: M. Jonas (Mayor), Chairman; J. Jackson, J. Bruce, W. G. Drummond, J. Hill, T. C. Plante, J. S. Bennett, D. Owers, W. B. Anderson, A. Maxwell, D. McLean, A. L. H. Dawson, D. M. Eoss, J. Mcc, A. E. Spalding, M. White, G. Shirtcliffe, J. B. Eutlaud, E. Allen; E. H. Lough, secretary. Dunedin: W. Dawson (Mayor), G. L. Denniston, M. Sinclair, Donald Stronach, J. Eoss, J. Mills, M.H.8., J. Allen, M.H.E., H. S. Fish, jun., M.H.E., W. D. Stewart, M.H.E., F. Fitchett, LL.D., M.H.E., C. W. Kerr, C. McQueen,*W. Strachan, E. Chisholm, McGregor B. Wright, J. Mitchell, W. Hutchison, W. B. Buller, A. Michie, T. Brydone, H. Mackenzie, B. Hallenstein, G. Joachim, D. Eeid, John Eoberts, Professor Parker, J. H. Morrison, G. P. Farquhar, E. E. N. Twopeny; D. H. Hastings, secretary. Invercargill: A. Tapper (Mayor), Chairman; J. Macpherson, Vice-Chairman;
* Not reprinted.
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A. Baldey, W. Johnstone, J. G. Ward, J. Turnbull, J. W. Mitchell, H. Carswell, J. L. McDonald, G. W. Nichol, J. Kingsland, E. Cleave, W. H. Hall, W. Guthrie, T. Fleming, T. Quinn; Charles Rout, secretary. Queenstown : D. Mcßride, E. Monson, E. Boss, J. O'Meara, F. St. Omer (Mayor); Henry Manders, secretary.
11. Eepoet op the Executive Commissionee. Wellington, 14th June, 1889. At the first meeting of the Commissioners, which was held on Thursday, the 29th December, 1887, correspondence relative to the steps taken by the Government in connection with^he representation of New Zealand was considered, commencing with an invitation from the Premier of Victoria, dated the 10th December, 188S, to the New Zealand Government to take part in the Exhibition. Acting upon this, the Government obtained an estimate of the probable cost of the representation of J;he colony, the amount arrived at being £3,500, as compared with-£5,178 and £4,877 actually expended at the last Sydney and Melbourne Exhibitions respectively. On the 22nd December, 1887, Parliament voted the above amount, and the Hon. the Colonial Secretary immediately applied provisionally to the Secretary at Melbourne for 6,000 ft. of space. The Commissioners confirmed this application, and resolved to send an additional application to Melbourne for 2,000 ft., or B,oooft. in all. Application w Tas made to the Government for the loan of the various departmental exhibits and show-cases returned from the late Colonial and Indian Exhibition in London, and the Government was requested to direct the Agent-General to send such of the Colonial and Indian exhibits to Melbourne as the Commissioners might desire to have forwarded from those lodged with the Imperial Institution subject to the order of the New Zealand Government. Government also greatly facilitated the transaction of business by very courteously giving the Commissioners the free use of the Government Printing and Stationery Office, the General Survey lithographic press, and the right to frank letters, telegrams, and parcels. At the first meeting Mr. Charles Callis was appointed Secretary to the Commission. The Commission took immediate steps to secure collections illustrative of the agricultural produce of the current season. Through the instrumentality of the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company (Limited), who kindly placed the services of their expert officers at the disposal of the Commissioners for the purpose, arrangements were made to obtain representative samples of wool from all parts of the colony. The Mayors, and Presidents of the Chambers of Commerce and industrial associations, throughout the colony, were invited to form local committees, which were duly constituted and gazetted on the 12th March. A central office for the use of the Secretary was rented, and permission was kindly granted by the Chairman of the Wellington Chamber of Commerce to use the chamber for the meetings of the Commissioners. Several members of the Commission visited different parts of the colony, and used their influence to secure important exhibits that might not otherwise have been entered. Various Government departments undertook to furnish exhibits, in addition to those to be returned from London. By the end of January it was found that the public of the colony had taken up the matter of the Exhibition with such interest that it became necessary to apply by cable on the 27th January for an extension of the space allotted to New Zealand to 20,000 ft. of floor-space, excluding fernery and art-gallery. It was not until the 17th February that the Secretary at Melbourne replied that the Space Committee had recommended the General Committee to grant New Zealand only 5,000 ft. of annexes, having 50ft. frontage to the grand central Avenue of Nations, 2,000 ft. for fernery, &c, between the main hall and the annexes, also space for machinery in eastern machinery annexe. As this was considerably less than the Commissioners had applied for, it was at once decided to send Mr. Seed, one of the Commissioners, to Melbourne, to confer with the International Commission, in order to represent that it would be impossible to make anything like an adequate representation of the colony with the small amount of space offered, and to endeavour to obtain the whole 20,000 ft. applied for. Mr. Seed visited Melbourne, and was successful in obtaining the concessions required. Mr. Seed also successfully arranged many important preliminaries for the representation of the colony at the Exhibition, and by his active exertions greatly obviated the inconvenience which had been caused by the late date at which the Commissioners commenced their duties. A sub-committee was appointed to arrange for the compilation of a suitable handbook of the resources of the colony for distribution at the Exhibition; but, as Government subsequently intimated that an official handbook was being prepared by the Hon. the Minister of Lands, the Commission decided to confine their action to issuing fly-leaves and tables of statistics in the official catalogue. Arrangements were made with the Harbour Board for storing the exhibits coming to hand in the wharf-sheds free of charge, and with the Union Steamship Company's agents at Melbourne to receive and forward to the Exhibition, on behalf of the Commissioners, the goods sent from New Zealand. The Union Company undertook to convey the exhibits to Melbourne at ordinary rates of freight, bringing back return-exhibits free. On the 17th March, the latest date for receiving applications, the total amount of space applied for from all parts of the colony was 25,787 ft. A communication from the Hon. C. H. Pearson, Minister of Instruction for Victoria, with regard to forming an Educational Court at the Exhibition, was referred to the Education Depart^ ment, who replied that they Sid not propose to send any articles to the Centennial International Exhibition to represent the educational method in use in New Zealand, but that it was jrossiblc that some competent person might be sent to report on the educational appliances collected at the Exhibition. •
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On the 22nd February copies of a circular were issued to all mining districts in the colony inviting mineral and mining exhibits, the Mines Department having intimated that the department did not intend to procure such exhibits. On the 28th March the Commission resolved that the Vice-President should proceed to Melbourne as Executive Commissioner two months prior to the opening of the Exhibition, with power to engage any assistance required. On the 7th May, 1888, the Secretary left for Melbourne, and on his way south to the Bluff perfected the arrangements and secured much additional support. He arrived in Melbourne on the loth May, by which date 625 packages of exhibits had reached this port. The agent for the Union Steamship Company undertook the duty of clearing and passing the Customs entries for the consignments of exhibits from New Zealand, and a contract was made with Messrs. D. Watson and Sons for the cartage to the Exhibition buildings from the Queen's Wharf at the rate of Is. lOfd. per ton, ship's measurement. It was also arranged with the Customs as to the distinctive bondingmark to be placed upon each package. The total value which had been placed upon the articles by exhibitors in their application-forms for goods produced in the colony was about £20,000, and an open policy to cover marine risk was taken out to cover this amount. An insurance was also effected against the risk of fire upon the exhibits in the wharf-sheds and Exhibition buildings, through Mr. J. C. Lloyd, for £15,000. A box of gold-specimens brought over from the Colonial Museum was deposited with the Bank of Victoria for safe custody until the arrangements for its safety in the Exhibition. On the 22nd May seventy-three packages of exhibits, chiefly of coal and timber, were received by the schooner " St. Kilda " from Greymouth. The Commissioners for South Australia and Queensland were consulted with respect to the best place for erecting a dividing-screen^ and it was decided to have a screen 10ft. 6in. high between the respective courts. The Executive Commissioner arrived on the 29th with his plans for the arrangement of the court, and immediately the work of erection was commenced. By this date 813 packages of exhibits had reached Melbourne from New Zealand. The first work of- importance was the unpacking and erecting of the fourteen Government show-cases which had arrived from London. On the 2nd of June an expert carpenter was engaged to undertake the work of erecting the dividing-screens in the court, the various trophies, and the stands for the exhibits. Most of the timber used in the erection was purchased by the Executive Commissioner from Messrs. Booth and Co. before leaving New Zealand, as, owing to the great demand, timber was scarce and high-priced in Melbourne; and a slight excess over the quantity required was disposed of on favourable terms. Messrs. Law, Oldfield, and Co. commenced to erect the New Zealand Midland Railway trophy. The floor of the Exhibition required to be strengthened where the trophy was to stand, and, having obtained the permission of Mr. Lain, the Chairman of the Building Committee, the work was commenced. During the month of June 208 packages arrived, making a total of 1,020 packages for the New Zealand Court up to the Ist July. A shed and yard for the empty packing-cases were hired for a period of ten months at the rate of £1 per week within a short distance of the Exhibition, as this arrangement was considered far more advantageous than having the Nevv Zealand packing-cases mixed with those of the other countries in one place, as was proposed by the Victorian Commission. The packing-case yard, in Fitzroy, was partially covered over, which was a great convenience for the secure storage of the picture-cases. At this time a foreman and three men were engaged sawing logs and dressing timber for the Midland Eailway exhibit. The large collection of live ferns having arrived by one of the later shipments, an expert was engaged to unpack and attend to them on the recommendation of Mr. Campbell, the head gardener to the Exhibition Commissioners. At the end of June thirteen hands were engaged working in the New Zealand Court, of whom five were carpenters and eight labourers and unpackers. In addition to the articles sent from New Zealand direct, au exhibit from the New Zealand Stone Company, which has offices and works in Melbourne in which some fifty men are employed, was entered for the New Zealand Court, comprising fine mason's work upon Oamaru and Mount Somers stone, and patent filters made from a porous limestone also found at Oamaru. During July 405 packages were received, making a total of 1,426 packages received before the opening-day. A list of the names of the exhibitors from New Zealand was furnished to the Secretary of the Victorian Commission, in order that invitations for the opening ceremony might be issued to them ; and it was also intimated that the Victorian Commissioners would grant free passes of admission to the Exhibition to all exhibitors who had an exhibit having the value of £100. The Exhibition was opened on the Ist August, His Excellency Sir William Jervois, President of the New Zealand Commissioners, being present ; on which occasion a printed catalogue of the New Zealand Court was presented to His Excellency the Governor of Victoria and to the President of the Exhibition, by the Executive Commissioner for New Zealand. From this date all extra workmen were dispensed with beyond the attendants at the court and two carpenters and two sign-painters, but further exhibits still continued to arrive,""causing great inconvenience and extra expense. Some exhibitors having Taised the point as to the very insufficient provision made for cross-bred and half-bred classes in the prize wool schedule issued by the Victorian Commission, a meeting of some of the New Zealand breeders of sheep was held in the Exhibition, and a deputation, consisting of Messrs. John Eeid, John Roberts, T. Brydoiie, J. T. Matson, M. R. Miller, and J. Harding, met the
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Animal Products Committee on the subject. This action resulted in the Victorian Commissioners issuing a supplementary schedule for the second wool-show, to be held in Melbourne in the following January. On the 16th August the Secretary to the Jury Department issued copies of the jury regulations, general classification intended to assist jurors in their work, organization of international juries, with the request that the New Zealand Commission would nominate a juror for each jury representing the jury-sections in which the court was exhibiting. The number of packages of late exhibits which arrived in August and September was 304, making a total of 1,730 packages in all. The bulk of the late exhibits received were the extra specimens of quartz and auriferous gravel collected by the Mines Department a.fter the opening of the Exhibition, and forwarded to Melbourne in charge of Mr. H. A. Gordon. Mr. Wilson, the Government Dairy Superintendent, being desirous of obtaining some of Pond's patent butter-boxes, as exhibited in the court, a supply was delivered at the dairy in accordance with Mr. Pond's order # By the 4th October intimation was received that the following gentlemen had been appointed to sit on the juries as follows—viz., Mr. A. Loves, jury No. 1 ; Mr. A. G. Campbell, jury No. 24 ; Mr. A. B. Bain, juries Nos. 26 and 49 ; Mr. W. D. Tate, juries Nos. 46 and 47 ; Mr. V. Church, jury No. 18; Mr. J. Glen, jury No. 28; Mr. A. B. Bain, jury No. 1-2; Mr. W. P. Street, jury No. 50 ; Mr. W. D. Tate, jury No. 27. On the Bth Mr. John Girdwood, Commissioner for Lancashire, wrote stating it was proposed by the Manchester Incorporated Chamber of Commerce to establish a colonial museum upon a small but practical scale in connection with the new buildings in course of erection by that body, for the purpose of showing the relative resources of the colonies, and asking if the New Zealand Government would be good enough to contribute a free collection of specimens of the minerals, woods, and other natural products of New Zealand. Mr. H. Dawson, of the firm of Messrs. J. Speight and Co., of Dunediu, wrote lodging a protest with the Victorian Commissioners, complaining against the stock ales having been judged too soon ; but, as the awards were made in accordance with published conditions, the Commissioners could not entertain the protest. On the 16th October a list of the awards made to New Zealand exhibitors in bulk beers, and also exhibitors at special show of dairy-produce, were received, and telegraphed to New Zealand. On the 2oth Mr. J. S. Jakius gave an order in favour of Mr. Wilson, of the Victorian Government Dairy Department, for the delivery of his Eureka butter-machine for use in the Dairy Department of the Exhibition. On the 13th November the Secretary of the Jury Department gave notice that all appeals against the decisions of the juries must be lodged before the seventh day after the publication of the awards. On the 31st October the Executive Commissioner returned to New Zealand, leaving the Court in charge of Mr. W. P. Street, as Acting Executive Commissioner. Notice was received from the Secretary to the Victorian Commission " that no supplies or goods of any kind or nature whatsoever would be admitted into the Exhibition buildings after 11 a.m. from the 23rd November. The special dairy-show was held in the cellar of the Exhibition buildings, when a large number of exhibits both of cheese and butter from New Zealand were exposed for competition. Messrs. MacDougal and Co. made an application to the manager of the Metropolitan Gas Company, Melbourne, for permission to have the exhibit of the Coal Creek Company tested; to which a reply was received that this would be done if the coal was delivered at the works in W rest Melbourne. On the 22nd January a letter was received from the Victorian Commission stating that, as the Exhibition was to be closed at the end of the month, and that as closing-clay, the 31st, is so near the end of the week, it was decided to keep the Exhibition open as usual up to and on Saturday night, the 2nd proximo, and asking that the dismantling of the New Zealand Court or any portion thereof might stand over until Monday, the 4th proximo. Specimens of Mr. J. T. Matson's exhibit of ostrich-feathers, as grown upon his ostrich-farm, in Canterbury,' were presented, in. accordance with Mr. Matson's request, to various residents in Victoria and New Zealand. Messrs. B. M. Simpson and A. Bock lodged protests against the awards made to their exhibits by the jurors; but the experts appointed decided to uphold the original decisions. On the 17th January the Victorian Commission advised that the Railway Commission notified that passes issued by them in connection with the Exhibition to visitors and others would be available until the 28th February, 1889. The Chairman of the Exhibition Trustees wrote, stating that the Trustees had decided to establish a permanent educational exhibit, to be arranged in one of the galleries, and hoping that donations would be received from the New Zealand Court. The Exhibition closing ceremony took place on the 31st January, when Mr. W. P. Street, the Acting Executive Commissioner, publicly received the roll of awards at the hands of His Excellency the Governor of Victoria. The Exhibition was not closed to visitors until the end of the week, the 2nd February. Messrs. W. Watson and Sons took delivery of the Mosgiel exhibit, which consisted of. twenty cases of goods, on the Ist February, which were the first withdrawal from the court. On the Ist February the Executive Commissioner returned to Melbourne to arrange the disposal of the exhibits; and on the 4th February the work of dismantling the New Zealand Court commenced, and at this time a large number of the pictures were sold by private bargain. The whole of the late Mr. John Gully's works were readily disposed of, amongst the purchasers being Lady Clarke, Mr. Alexander Landale, of Toorak, and Mr. Godfrey, the Chairman of the Fine Art Jury.
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Sir William Clarke purchased a picture painted by Mr. J. Gaut, of Wellington, and also one of Mr. H. G. Lloyd's works, of Dunedin. The artists, Mr. John Gibb, of Christchurch, and Mr. James Peele, of Amberley, also sold all their exhibits. The sheaves of the grain trophy were disposed of as follows, given in the words of the Argus of the Bth February : " The magnificent sheaves of wheat, barley, and oats with which the New Zealand Court has been decorated have yet to serve another most appropriate purpose, Sir James Hector having presented the whole collection to the Rev. C. P. Thomas to be used to decorate the church of England at Northeote for the harvest festival which is to take place there to-morrow." The Executive Commissioner, having fully arranged for the shipment of certain of the exhibits to the Paris Exhibition, and for the balance to be returned to the owners, left Melbourne, via Sydney, on the 12th February. The first work when the Exhibition closed was the selection and packing of articles for the Paris Exhibition. Mr. H. A. Gordon packed up the mineral exhibits, which consisted of some 114 packages, and the general exhibits comprised sixty-six packages, which were despatched, to frhe care of the Agent-General in London, by the French mail-steamer " Salazie," on the 28th February. The jurors had not nearly completed their labours when the Exhibition closed, and some considerable delay was caused waiting for them to complete arrangements. The live ferns out of the New Zealand Court were delivered to the Exhibition Trustees, and duly acknowledged by the Chairman on the 7th February. In March the work of packing and returning the exhibits to New Zealand was commenced, and by the 15th April 1,060 packages had been shipped from Melbourne. The Secretary left Melbourne on the 16th April, and arrived in Wellington on the 26th April. The final winding-up of the Exhibition business was effected on the 30th May, 1889. The total space occupied by the" Nejw Zealand exhibits was 26,307 ft., the main court being 24,500 ft. in extent. The area occupied by some other colonial courts is"given for comparison: Victoria, 280,567 ft. ; New South Wales, 103,620 ft.; South Australia, 30,872 ft.; Tasmania, 12,500 ft.; Queensland, 8,650 ft. ; Canada, 3,240 ft. The arrangement of the exhibits will be best understood by referring to the accompanying plan and to the full description of the New Zealand Court, which is hereto appended. The classification of the exhibits is given in the appended schedules. The number of visitors to the Exhibition from New Zealand who registered their names in the address-book that was kept in the office of the court was considerably over two thousand, and many other New-Zealauders were known to have visited the court without leaving this record. The cordial thanks of the Commission are due to the Victorian Government, and to the Exhibition executive officers in Melbourne, for the cordial hospitality which they extended to all dulyaccredited visitors from New Zealand. Free passes to the Exhibition and over the Victorian Railways, and invitations to all official ceremonies and entertainments, were distributed with extreme liberality. The thanks of the Commissioner are especially due to the President, Sir James Mcßain, K.C.M.G., and to the Hon. Colonel Sargood, C.M.G., the Executive Commissioner, for the kindly assistance which they afforded in securing favourable consideration for the interests of New Zealand ; and to Mr. George T. Lavater, the General Secretary, and other officers of the staff, for the courteous manner in which they discharged their onerous duties, and for the promptitude with which they carried on the business of the Exhibition. The Commissioners are also much indebted to their colleague Mr. Seed for his successful mission to Melbourne, and to Mr. George Tolhurst for his management of the business in New Zealand after the Executive Commissioner left for Melbourne, and especially for his zealous exertions in organizing the dairy- and wool-shows. They desire to render their thanks to Mr. W. P. Street, of Melbourne, who acted as Executive Commissioner in Melbourne during the last three months of the Exhibition. The Executive Commissioner personally wishes to thank the following gentlemen for the active assistance which they afforded him in the arrangement of the court: Dr. Newman, M.H.R., Commissioner; Messrs. Kohn,Harcourt, Booth, Matson, Evans, and Chapman (Honorary Commissioners): also Mr. Wrigg, of the Public Works Department, who assisted with the plans and diagram of the mineral exhibits ; Mr. Seecombe, who gave expert assistance in arranging the exhibits at the special dairy-show; and Mr. Gordon, of the Mines Department, who superintended the arrangement of the additional mineral exhibits under very great difficulties, arising from the exhibits having been sent two months after the Exhibition was opened. James Hectob, Executive Commissioner.
111. Abstkact ob Secbetabial Wobk. Total number of letters received, 2,126 ; total number of letters written, 1,468 ; total number of printed circulars, 24 ; total number of printed circulars issued, 31,884.
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IV. Classification and Abstract of Catalogue.
V. Classified List showing the Number of Exhibitors from each Provincial District.
VI. Abstract of the Awards made to the New Zealand Exhibitors, as Classified in Groups.
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Group. Number of Exhibitors. Particulars. Space. I. Works of art 96 Oil- and water-colour paintings, architectural drawings, ongravings, and lithographs Photographs, models, fossils, relief-map, plans of works of construction, mechanical drawings, publications Cabinet-work, tent, leather-work, screen, fern-c»se, readingstands Majolica glazed potteryware, stoneware, brown earthenware, drainpipes, water-filters, &c. Woollen goods, tweeds, worsted yarns, blankets, shawls, rugs, hosiery, &e., New Zealand flax and articles made from New Zealand flax, knitted articles, kauri-gum ornaments Specimens of forest-trees, doors, turnery, osiers, baskets, wool rugs, sheep-dip, books of New Zealand grasses, and grass-seeds Agricultural implements, carriages, wool-press, pumps, models, patent ladder, &c, brass-foundry, patent butterbox, fibre-scraping machine, grass-seed stripper, cement, lime, cooking-ranges, bone-dust, manure, rabbit-extermi-nator, maps from Harbour Boards Wheat, oats, barley, flour, cheese and butter, preserved meats, fish, hams and bacon, ale and stout, confectionery and fruit Filters, herbal and patent medicines Ensilage-press, and models Native plants, ferns, and vegetable-seeds .. Goal, fireclay, coke, rocks, building-stones, quartz-crushing machinery, metallic ores Wool, gold, grain, timber, fibre, coal, and food-products Ft. 6,643 II. Education 57 2,965 [II. Furniture 21 IV. Fictile manufactures 4 170 V. Textile manufactures 26 VI. Eaw and manufactured processes, &c. 49 1,870 VII. Machinery 58 5,555 VIII. Alimentary products 101 1,589 IX. Sanitation X. Agriculture XI. Horticulture £11. Mining 4 6 11 32 224 510 41329 Trophies 1,000 20,307
Exhibitors. Entries. Items. Wellington 3tago luckland Danterbury Vlarlborough Southland kelson ilawke's Bay iVestland Daranaki 98 49 76 62 7 17 14 9 K) 6 121 83 85 89 13 35 23 32 14 23 2,311 115 748 563 41 82 45 49 28 32 340 518 3,934
Group. Special. First. Second. Third. Hon. Mention. Totals. I I. Works of Art II. Education III. Furniture... IV. Fictile ... V. Textile ... VI. Raw Processes VII. Machinery /TIL Alimentary Products... IX. Sanitation X. Agriculture ./? XI. Horticulture XII. Mining ... 1 3 0 0 2 0 1 8 0 0 0 1 10 10 2 0 1 6 4 48 3 20 1 14 7 7 3 0 6 6 2 40 4 21 0 7 15 1 5 0 6 0 5 12 0 10 4 2 6 6 4 0 7 5 7 6 9 5 2 0 39 27 14 0 22 17 19 114 16 56 7 24 16 119 103 60 57 355
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VII. Classified List of Awards allotted to each Provincial District.
VIII. Classified Statement of the Total Expenditure by the Commission during 1887-89, £ s. a. Local committees ... ... ... ... ... 199 6 4 Furniture and fittings ... ... ... '..'.' '963 14 11 Freights and clearance ' ... ... ... ... 1,025 15 7 Advertising and printing ... ... ... .... 479 19 4 Insurance ... ... ■•• ■■• ■•• 700 1 5 Storage and cartage ... ... ... ... 554 6 8 Maori house and fernery ... ... ... ... 148 3 11 Packing and repacking ... . . ... ... 512 0 1 Maintenance of court ... ... ... ... 615 10 11 Salaries and clerical assistance ... ... ... 685 8 6 Travelling-expenses, &c. ... ... .., ... 476 8 6 Assisted exhibits ... ~. ~ ... ... 320 15 10 Trophies ... ... ... ... ... 527 12 6 Freights from London ... ... .., ... 150 0 9 7,359 5 3 Less refunds ... ... ... 780 11 5 6,578 8 10
IX. Official List of Awards. [" 5.M.," special mention ; " H.M.," honourable mention.]
Jury Section 1. Paintings in Oils- and Water-colours, Drawings, Engravings and Lithographs, Art Designs in Porcelain, dr. Ist and S.M., Mrs. Ellis Rowan, Wellington; twentyfour water-colour paintings. Ist, E. Kate Sperrey, Wellington; oil-painting, ■'Tho Goat-herd." Ist, John Gully, Nelson; water-colour paintings of. New Zealand scenery. Ist, L. J. Steele, Auckland; oil-painting, "The Story of a Saddle." 2nd, E. Kate Sperrey, Wellington; oil-paintings, " Warbrick," "Ohinemutu," " Merupa," " Miss Pussy," "Maori Child." 2nd, Jenny Wimperis, Dunedin; oil-paintings, " Turakanui," " Bush Clearing," " Across the Marsh." 2nd, James Peele, Amberley; oil-paintings, "A Bushtrack, Hokitika," "Evening, Lake Mahinapoua," "Waimakariri River," "Mahinapoua River," "An Afterglow, Hokitika," " Kawarau River Bed," " Shag Rock, Sumner," "Birch Forest, West Coast Road," "Oxford Road, Canterbury," " Otira Gorge," " A Snow-storm Breaking." 2nd, A. Handel Gear, Christchurch ; oil-painting, " The Bridge." 2nd, T. L. Drummond, Auckland ; oil-paintings, " On the Beach, Waiwera," " Rain-clouds on the Hunua Ranges," "Tho Shores of the Manukau." 2nd, L. J. Steele, Auckland; etchings, "Napoleon, on Board the ' Bellerophon,' bidding adieu to Prance," " His Only Friend," " The Poachers." 3rd, W. M. Hodgkins, Dunedin^ twenty water-colour sketches of the West Coast Sounds. Srd,E. Chapman, Thames; twenty-five sketches of New Zealand scenery. 3rd, J. Douglas Moultray, Dunedin ; oil-paintings, " Milford Sound from the Head," " Head of Wet Jacket Arm by
Moonlight," " Milford Sound from the Entrance," "Wet Jacket Arm, looking towards the Entrance," " Mount Earnshaw, Head of Lake Wakatipu," "George Sound." 3rd, D. H. Turner, Wellington ; oil-paintings, "Thereby hangs a Tale," " Fruit." 3rd, E. W. Paton, Auckland; oil-painting, "Bush j Scene." 3rd, Rosa Budden, Ghristohurch; water-colour drawings, "Group of Sunflowers," "Greek, Devil's Gully," " Group of Roses," " Rhodes's Bay, Banks Peninsula." 3rd, E. Kate Sperrey, Wellington; water-colour drawing, " Study of a Head." 3rd, Robert Atkinson, Auckland; oil-paintings, " After ' School," "A Holiday on the Waitemata," "Evicted," " Sunshine." 3rd, J. Gibb, Ghristchurch ; oil-paintings, " The Bealey River, West Coast Road," " Oyster-dredging, Stewart Island," "Lyttelton Harbour," "Ploughing on the Cliff, Kaikoura," " Otira Gorge, West Coast Road," " Bryce's Bay, Stewart Island," " Waimakariri River, from the Bealey." 3rd, P. E. Richardson, Wellington; two panels in oils, " Clematis " and " Chrysanthemums." 3rd, Isabel Hodgkins, Dunedin ; oil-painting, " An Old Brown Jug." 3rd, P. M. Wimperis, Dunedin; panels in oil, " Poppies," " Foxglove," " Daffodils," " Lilies," " Roses." 3rd, T. L. Drummond, Auckland ; oil-painting, " Manukau Harbour." 3rd, R. Beetham, Ghristchurch; oil-paintings, " Lagoon, Hokitika River," "Nightcap Rock, off Westport," " Hine moa's Bath, Mokoia, Lake Rotorua." 3rd, A. Handel Gear, Christchurch ; oil-paintings, " A Maori Minister," " A Fellow of Infinite Jest," " Meditation," "Portrait in Fancy Costume," "A Homage to Handel."
First. Second. Third. Hon. Mention. Totals. Wellington Otago Auckland Canterbury Maryborough ... Southland Nelson Hawke's Bay ... Westland Taranaki 52 23 19 14 9 6 5 3 3 1 27 18 30 10 2 7 3 5 1 0 11 15 18 9 1 2 0 3 1 0 14 13 10 3 "3 2 7 1 4 0 104 69 77 36 ■ 15 17 15 12* 9 1 135 103 60 57 355
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H.M., K. Watkins, Auckland; water-colour drawing, " After the Stormy Winter." H.M., Joseph Gaut, Wellington ; oil-painting, " Tawhiao, the Maori King." H.M., B. A. Braufll, Nelson; oil-paintings, "After a Long Day on the Sheep-run," " Gorge on the Graham River," " Pelorus River." H.M., Henry W. Kirkwood, Dunedin; oil-painting, " Mount Cook." Jury Section 2. Sculpture, Die-sinking, and Art Castings. Ist, Bock and Cousins, Wellington ; die-sinking, &c. 2nd, Kohn Brothers, Wellington ; chased silverwork. Jury Section 3. Education — Organization, Methods, and Appliances. Ist and S.M., Sir James Hector, K.C.M.G.,M.D., P.R.S., Wellington ; models and relief - maps of New Zealand (geological and topographical). Ist and S.M., The Otago Museum (T. Jeffrey Parker, B.Sc, F.R.S., Curator), Dunedin ; collection of New Zealand food-fishes. Ist, Sir W. L. BulJer, K.C.M.G., F.R.S., Wellington; illustrated work on New Zealand birds. Ist, The Colonial Museum of New Zealand (Sir J. Hector, Director), Wellington ; models of fossils, &o. Ist, J. Blackett, C.E. (Engineer-in-Chief, Public Works Department), Wellington; diagram maps, and maps showing roads, railways, harbour-works, &c. Ist, The Surveyor-General of New Zealand, Wellington; maps showing surveys, &c. 2nd, A. and E. Stone, Canterbury; fretwork. 2nd, A. Grant, M.A., Waimate ; time-table for school. 3rd, W. I. Robinson (Board of Education), Auckland; illustrations of mechanical drawing, as taught in primary schools. H.M., F. H. Tronson, Wellington ; lithographic maps. Natural History. H.M., H. E. Liardet, Wellington; stag's head and stuffed birds. H.M., W. Beetham, Masterton ; stag's head. Jury Section i. Stationery, Books, Bookbinding, Printing, tic. Ist, H. C. W. Wrigg, Wellington ; pen-and-ink writing, | &c. 2nd, H. Brett, Auckland ; printing, bookbinding, &c. 2nd, A. D. Willis, Wanganui; playing-cards, &c. Jury Section 5. Photographic Proofs and Apparatus. Ist, Burton Brothers, Dunedin ; frames of photographs. Ist, F. A. Coxhead, Dunedin ; photographic views. Ist, G. D. Valentine, Auckland ; frames of photographs. Ist, Helen Stuart, Auckland ; photographs painted in water-colours. 2nd, A. Bock, Auckland ; photographic apparatus. 2nd, Josiah Martin, Auckland; photographs of New Zealand scenery. 2nd, J. R. Morris, jun., Dunedin; specimens of everyday portraiture, enlarged photographic portraits, and scenery. H.M., A. Bock, Auckland ; photographs of New Zealand scenery. H.M., J. Ring, Greymoutli; photographs of New Zealand scenery, and bromide gelatine enlargements. H.M., W. Dougall, Invercargill; photographic views. Jury Section G. Musical Instruments. H.M., Milner and Thompson, Christchurch; Thompson's new patent tuning apparatus. Jury Section 8. Clocks, Watches, Mathematical and Philosophical Instruments, die. Ist, Sir James Hector, K.C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S., &c, Wellington ; tide-gauge apparatus, &c. Jury Section 9. Furniture, Upholsterers' and Decoratms' Work, Paperhangings, die. 2nd, W. F. Crawford, Gisborne ; billiard-table. 2nd, The Auckland Timber Company (Limited), Auckland ; doors. 3rd, Garlick and Cranwell, Dunedin ; wardrobe. 3rd, H. Wolf, Whangarei; bookcase. H.M., G. H. Linley, Wellington; inlaid card-table. H.M., S. D. Parnell, Wellington; reading-stands. H.M., Walter Bayne, Auckland ; cabinet. %— H. 23,
Jury Section 11. Cutlery, Hardware, Ironmongery, etc. 2nd, MoAlister and Walker, Invercargill; sash-fas-teners. H.H., New Zealand Barb-wire Company, Dunedin ; barb-wire. H.M., W. J. Kout, Wellington ; copper coffee-extraotors. Jury Section 12. ■Jewellery, Goldsmiths' and Silversmiths' Work, Precious Stones, and Electroplated Ware. Ist, S. Kohn, Wellington ; silversmith's work. H.M., S. Dunneford and Co., Auckland; kauri-gum ornaments and greenstones. Jury Section IC. China, Delf (other than Fine-art Porcelain), and Pottery. 3rd, Geo. Norbury, Wellington; drainpipes. 3rd, Luke Adams, Sydenham; potteryware and terra cotta. Jury Section 17. Cotton, Thread, Hosiery, Flax, and Accessories of Clothing, do. Ist, C. Chinnery, Woodend ; dressed flax. Ist, L. D. Nathan and Co., Auckland ; flax. Ist, I). Thompson and Co., Tuamarina ; hemp. Ist, H. E. Liardet, Wellington ; feather muffs. H.M., D. Murphy and Co., Otaki; flax-libre. Jury Section 18. Ist and S.M., Mosgiel Woollen factory Company (Limited), Dunedin ; woollen fabrics. Jury Section 19. Sillc, Laces, Embroidery, i£c. H.M., Eleanor E. Kinvig, Dunedin; cushion of point and Honiton lace. H.M., Mrs. M. Kelly, Nelson ; lace. H.M., Miss McDermott, Dunedin; embroidery. Jury Section 20. Millinery, Dress, Ladies' Fancy Needlework, and Toys. Ist and S.M., Mrs. J. R. Davidson, Christchurch; Honiton lace. Ist, Helen Gallic, Christchurch; hand-knitted Highj land stockings. 3rd, A. McDerrnott, Dunedin ; fancy-work table-cover. 3rd, Miss Kelly, Rotorua ; lace-work. H.M., Mrs. M. Kelly, Nelson ; woollen scarf (spun and knitted by hand). H.M., Emily C. Harris, Nelson ; fancy work. H.M., Bessie Petherbridge, Dunedin ; dinner gown. Jury Section 23. Fire-arms, Military Weapons, Apparatus for Hunting and Fishing, <£c. H.M., J. L. Crumps, Auckland ; model of a trap. Jury Section 24. Timber and Forestry. Ist, the Colonial Museum of New Zealand, Wellington; collection of timbers. Ist, the New Zealand Commissioners for the Centennial I International Exhibition, Melbourne ; Wellington ; collection of timbers. Ist, the New Zealand Midland Railway Company (Limited), Christchurch ; collection of timbers. Ist, the Hon. the Minister for Public Works, Wellington ; collection of timbers. Ist, Booth and Co., Wellington ; specimens o£ forest trees. Ist, T. Kirk, F.L.S., Wellington ; herbarium and specimens of New Zealand timbers. 2nd, W. Rathbone, Waipawa ; collection of timbers. 2nd, H. Smith, Mohatahu ; collection of timbers. 2nd, A. Tapper, Invercargill ; collective exhibit of timber and turnery. H.M., Borough of Queenstown, Queenstown; collection of timbers. H.M., W. Douthwaite, Hokitika; logs of silver-pine and totara. H.M., W. Muir, Dunedin ; coal-baskets and ships' fenders of supple jack. H.M., M. Sullivan, Dunedin; coal-baskets of supplejack. Jury Section 26. Farm- and Dairy-produce. Ist, Greytown Butter and Cheese Factory Company, Greytown; cheese. Ist, Reynolds and Co., Auckland ; butter (in tins). 2nd, G. Stephen son, Waerengaahika ; honey. 2nd, D. Richardson, Waikato ; honey.
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2nd, Hopkins and Hayr, Auckland ; honey. 2nd, Col. C. C. Morris, Qnnenstown ; honey (in tins). 2nd, Geo. Stophenson, Waerengaahika, Poverty Bay; honey (in comb). 2nd, Gear Meat-preserving Company, Wellington; tallow and beef. 2nd, Wayte Bros, and King, Gore ; cheese. 2nd, The New Zealand Dairy Association, Auckland ; butter (in tins). 3rd, Wayte Bros, and King, Gore ; cheese. 3rd, William Kirkland, East Taieri; cheese. 3rd, The Waiareka Dairy-factory, Oamaru ; cheese. 3rd, Hopkins and Hayr, Auckland ; honey (in tins). Jury Section 27. Meats and Fish. Thirteen Ist, and S.M., The Gear Meat Preserving and Freezing Company of New Zealand (Limited), Wellington ; stewed steak and tripe, corned beef, boiled mutton, luncheon-beef, ox-tongues, spiced beef, spiced mutton, mince beef, sheep's trotters, mince collops, sheep's tongues, ox-cheek, brawn, German sausage. Three Ist, The Western Packing and Canning Company (Limited), Patea ; fresh mutton, ox-tongues, sheep's tongues. Four Ist, The Wanganui Meat-preserving Company (Limited), Wanganui; boiled mutton, sheep's tongues, luncheon-beef, boiled beef. Six Ist, The New Zealand Frozen Meat and Storage Company (Limited), Auckland ; curried mutton, corned mutton, brawn, potted tongues, pork sausages, mince collops. Seven Ist, Foster and Gosling, Blenheim; lamb and green peas, stewed rabbit, tinned fowl and ham, quail, stewed eels, beef sausages, sheep's trotters. Three Ist, S. Kirkpatrick and Co., Nelson; quail, whitebait, hare-soup. Four Ist, Robertson Bros., Stewart Island ; fresh tinned oysters, fresh mold, kippered blue-cod, groper. Two Ist, N. Fernandos and Co., Wellington; fresh moki, kippered mold. Ist, Ewing and Co., Batley, Kaipara; fresh mullet. Four 2nd, The Western Packing and Canning Company I (Limited), Patea; corned beef, luncheon-beef, ox-cheek, brawn. Ten 2nd, The Gear Meat Preserving and Freezing Company of New Zealand (Limited), Wellington; stewed rabbit, mock-turtle soup, Oxford sausages, Cambridge sausages, sausage-meat, boiled beef, haricot mutton, | corned mutton, Irish stew, potted tongue. Two 2nd, The Wanganui Meat-preserving Company, Wanganui; spiced beef, corned mutton. Nine 2nd, The New Zealand Frozen Meat and Storage j Company (Limited), Auckland; roast mutton, haricot! mutton, boiled mutton, Irish stew, rump steak, roast veal, I ox-tongues, beef sausages, ox cheek. 2nd, Robertson Bros., Stewart Island; kippered mackerel. 2nd, Leask and Co., Half Moon Bay, Stewart Island ; fresh tinned oysters. Two 2nd, Foster and Gosling, Blenheim ; sheep's tongues, tinned poultry. 3rd, Foster and Gosling, Blenheim ; fresh mutton. Four 3rd, The Now Zealand Frozen Meat and Storage Company (Limited), Auckland ; skirt steak, stewed steak, stewed kidneys, extract of meat. Two 3rd, The Gear Meat Preserving and Freezing Com- | pany of New Zealand (Limited), Wellington ; stewed kidneys, macaroni-soups. Two H.M., Foster and Gosling, Blenheim; corned mutton, spiced mutton. H.M., The Western Packing and Canning Company (Limited), Patea ; potted tongue. H.M., The New Zealand Frozen Meat and Storage Company (Limited), Auckland ; macaroni-soups. Jury Section 28. Wheat, Oats, Barley, etc. Ist, Chamberlain Bros., Masterton ; stout oats. Ist, The New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency, Invercargill; stout oats. Ist, J. and T. Meek, Oamaru ; stout oats. Ist, The New Zealand and Australasian Land Company (Limited), Dunedin ; stout oats. Ist, J. and T. Meek, Oamaru ; Danish oats. Ist, The New Zealand and Australasian Land Company ] (Limited), Dunedin ; barley (mating). Ist, A. G. Fell, Picton ; barley (malting). 2nd, Hon. M. Holmes, M.L.C., Duncdin ; wheat. 2nd, J. Robertson ; wheat. 2nd, W. Evans; stout oats. 2nd, Vincent and Co., Christehurch ; barley (malting).
3rd, Chamberlain Bros., Masterton; wheat. Bed, W. Evans, Timaru ; wheat. H.M., J. H. Brown, VVairoa, H. 8.; wheat. H.M., J. B. Chambers, Havelock ; stout oats. H.M., Donald Reid and Co., Dunedin ; Russian wheat. Jury Section 29. Horticulture, Floriculture, &c. Ist, E. Maxwell, Opunake ; collection of dried ferns. Ist, E. W. Davidson, Christehurch ; ninoty-three-vario-tics of seeds. 3rd, J. Malcolm, Papakuri; dried ferns. 3rd, W. C. Wells, Hokitika ; driecF ferns. H.M., The New Zealand Commissioners for the Centennial International Exhibition, Melbourne ; Wellington ; collection of native ferns and shrubs. H.M., Robert Brewin, Auckland ; bush seeds. H.M., J. R. Cardno, Auckland ; dried apples. Jury Section 30. Confectionery, Jams, Jellies, Biscuits, Flour, die. Ist, The Auckland Roller Mills Company (Limited), Auckland; flour. Ist, J. C. Firth, Auckland ; flour. Ist, The Timaru Milling Company (Limited), Timaru ; j flour. Ist, Chamberlain Bros., Masterton ; flour. 2nd, Mary Ryley, Lepperton ; jams. 2nd, S. Kirkpatrick and Co., Nelson; confectionery. 2nd, The Phcenix Confectionery Company (Limited), Dunedin; biscuits. 2nd, R. Allen and Co., Timaru ; flour. 2nd, J. and T. Meek, Oamaru ; flour. 2nd, The Timaru Milling Company (Limited), Timaru ; j oatmeal. Jury Section 31. Chemicals, Chemical Products, and Apparatus, <£c. Ist, McLeod Brothers (Limited), Dunedin ; soap and candles. Jury Section 32. Pharmaceutical Products and Apparatus, Spices, Condiments. Ist, Dr. J. Logan Campbell, Auckland ; olive-oil. Ist, E. Mitchelson and Co., Auckland ; varnishes. Ist, Mrs. J. A. Young, Winchester ; tomato-sauce. 2nd, H. S. Booker, Helensville.Kaipara ; tomato-sauce. 2nd, The Gear Meat Preserving and Freezing Company of New Zealand (Limited), Wellington ; tallow andneat's- ! foot oil. H.M., E. Gibson, Hokitika ; sanitary waters. H.M., W. Innis, Port Chalmers ; cod-liver oil. H.M., S. Kirkpatrick and Co., Nelson ; pickles. H.M., Mrs. Bradley, Orari, Canterbury ; sauces and I pickles. H.M., J. Hatch, Invercargill; sea-elephant oil. Jury Section 34. Wool (18S8 Clip). Ist, John Reid, Elderslie, Oaniaru ; bale of not less than I 3001b. long-wool (greasy, ewes any age). Ist, G. D. Hamilton, Napier ; bale of not less than 3001b. wool (greasy, half-bred ewes, long-wool and merino, any age). ] st, The Lowclifie Estate Company, Hinds, Canterbury ; bale of not less than 3001b. wool (greasy, half-breeds, longwool and merino, ewes under sixteen months). Ist, Thos. Tanner, Napier ; bale of not less than 30011). wool (ewes, cross-bred, under sixteen months). Ist, John Reid, Elderslie, Oamaru; ten fleeces longwool (greasy, ewes over eighteen months), ten fleeces long-wool (greasy, ewes under eighteen months), ten fleeces wool (ewes under sixteen months old, half-breeds, long-wool, and merino) ; ten fleeces wool (cross-bred ewes under sixteen months). 2nd, John Reid, Elderslie, Oamaru; bale long-wool (greasy, ewes of any age), bale wool (ewes under sixteen months old, half-breeds, long-wool, and merino), bale wool (ewes under sixteen months old, cross-bred). 2nd, Robert Cobb, Raukawa, Palmerston North ; ten fleeces wool (long-wool, greasy, ewes over eighteen months). 2nd, John Reid, Elderslie, Oamaru ; ten fleeces longwool (greasy, ewes under eighteen months old). 2nd, D. McLean, Hawke's Bay ; ten fleeces wool (ewes under sixteen months old, half-breeds, long-wool, and merino). 2nd, John Reid, Elderslie, Oamaru; ten fleeces wool (greasy, cross-bred ewes under sixteen months old). 2nd, Joseph Phillips, Wairarapa ; ten fleeces. 3rd, D. McLean, Hawke's Bay; bale wool (ewes under fifteen months old, half-breeds, long-wool, and merino). 3rd, John Reid, Elderslie, Oamaru; bale wool (crossbred ewes under sixteen months old).
3rd, James Wallace, Papatoitoi; ten fleeces long-wool (greasy, ewes over eighteen months old). 3rd, John Reid, Elderslie, Oamaru ; ten fleeces longwool (greasy, ewes under eighteen months old). 3rd, D. McLean, Hawke's Bay ; ten fleeces wool (crossbred ewes under sixteen months old). H.M., Frederick Sutton, Royston, Hawke's Bay; bale long-wool (greasy, ewe hoggets). Jury Section 37. Agricultural Implements and Processes, &c. Ist and S.M., Reid and Grey, Dunedin; agricultural implements. Ist, Booth and McDonald, Christchurch ; agricultural implements and windmill-pump. Ist, Andrews and Beaven, Canterbury; patent selfbagging chaff-cutter. Ist, P. and D. Duncan, Christchurch ; ploughs, harrows, and manure-drills. 2nd, R. M. Simpson, Wellington ; rotary pumps. 2nd, W. H. Price, Sydenham; double-action pumps. 2nd, J. Caswell, Auckland ; incubator. 2nd, G. J. Clarke, Hokitika ; models of engines. 3rd, J. Pierce, Wanganui; picket and rabbit-proof fence. H.M., J. S. Reid, Dunedin ; " Titan" wire-strainer. Jury Section 37a. Machinery and Apparatus in General. 3rd, J. W. Kinnisburgh, Wellington ; patent safety clutch. 3rd, J. and T. Danks, Christchurch ; brass fittings for steam and water. H.M., W. K. Bishop and Co., Wellington; automatic cask-tilter. H.M., W. Douslim, Blenheim ; lock spindle. Jury Section 39. Carriages, Coachmakers' and Wheelwrights' Work. H.M., C. Smith, Auckland ; perambulators. Jury Section 43. Architectural Designs and Drawings, Models, Buildingmaterials, do. Ist, R. Lamb ; architectural designs and drawings. Ist, The New Zealand Stone Company (Limited), Christchurch ; Mount Somers freestone. Ist, W. Stocks, Christchurch ; Mount Somers freestone. Ist, J. Wilson ami Sons, Auckland ; hydraulic lime. Ist, J. Craig, Auckland ; hydraulic lime. H.M., The 'Hon. the Minister for Public Works, Welton ; architectural designs and drawings. H.M., Pakehiki Hori; wooden mantelpiece. H.M., The Geological Department, Wellington ; build-ing-stones. Jury Section 44. Navigation, Ship-building. Life-preserving, dbc. Ist, The Union Steamship Company of New Zealand (Limited), Dunedin ; models of company's steamers. 3rd, Captain Allman, Dunedin; life-raft. H.M., J. Holmes, Auckland; model collision-apron. Jury Section 45. Tea, Coffee, Sugar, Chicory, Cocoa, &c. 2nd, D. Strang, Invercargill ; roast coffee (whole). 2nd, The Phcenix Confectionery Company (Limited), Dunedin; golden syrup. 3rd, D. Strang, Invercargill; pure ground coffee. Jury Section 4G. Wines, Spirits, and Liqueurs. 3rd, J. Soler, Wanganui; port (vintage not given), ver- j deilho (vintage not given).
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Jury Section 47. Bulk Beers and Stout. Ist and S.M., Brown, Campbell, and Co., Auckland; running ale. Ist, McGavin and Co., Dunedin ; malt bitter ale. 2nd, S. Manning and Co., Christchurch ; running ale. 2nd, J. T. Martin and Co., Invercargill; running ale. 2nd, S. Manning and Co., Christchurch; malt bitter ale. 2nd, McGavin and Co., Dunedin ; strong ale. 3rd, F. Egan, Kaiapoi; malt bitter ale. 3rd, Te Aroha Soda and Mineral Water Company : (Limited), Auckland ; mineral water. _ 3rd, S. Manning and Co., Christchurch ; strong ale. H.M., J. Mandl, Hokitika ; running ale. H.M., Vincent and Co., Christchurch ; malt bitter ale. H.M., M. Joel, Dunedin ; strong ale. Bottled Beer and Stout. 2nd, M. Joel, Dunedin ; malt bitter ale. 3rd, J. Edmonds, Petone ; light sparkling ale. 3rd, M. Joel, Dunedin; light sparkling ale. 3rd, M. Joel, Dunedin ; stout. H.M., M. Joel, Dunedin ; strong ale. Jury Section 49. Filters, Gas-making Machines, Sanitary Appliances, Lighting and Heating Apparatus. Ist, New Zealand Stone Company, Oamaru; dripstone filter. 3rd, T. Atkinson, Christchurch ; cooking-range. Jury Section 50. Minerals, Mining Machinery and Apparatus, <£c. Ist and S.M., The Colonial Laboratory, Wellington; specimens of coals, ores, and minerals, with analyses. Ist, The Geological Survey Department, Wellington ; rocks and fossils illustrating geological strata. Ist, The Westport Coal Company (Limited), Dunedin ; coke. Ist, J. Kilgour, Brunnerton ; coke. Ist, The Brunner Coal Company, Greymouth; coke from company's mine. Ist, The Department of Mines, Wellington; specimens of ores and minerals. Ist, The New Zealand Commissioners for the Centennial International Exhibition, Melbourne; Wellington ; trophy of New Zealand minerals ; trophy representing the total amount of bullion produced. 2nd, Washbonrn and Sons, Nelson ; haematite paints. 2nd, Te Aroha Gold and Silver Mining Company, Te Aroha ; gold and silver-lead ore. 2nd, T. and S. Morrin and Co. (Limited), Auckland; coal, iron-ore, limestone, fire-bricks, fire-clay, &c. 2nd, The Reefton Committee, Reefton; mineral specimens. Exhibits from Mines. Ist, The New Zealand Antimony Company, Wellington ; cakes of star antimony, double and raw ore. 2nd, J. H. Witheford, Auckland ; auriferous specimens. 2nd, Champion Copper-mining Company, Nelson; copper. Coal, Coke, Shale, &c. Ist, The Brunner Coal Company, Greymouth ; bituminous coal. Ist, The Bay of Islands Company, Auckland ; coal. Ist, The Coal Creek Coal Company, Greymouth ; coal. Ist, The Collingwood Coal Company, Nelson ; coal. Ist, J. Kilgour, Brunnerton ; coal. Ist, The New Zealand Midland Railway Company, Christchurch ; coal and minerals. Ist, The Westport Coal Company, Dunedin ; coal. 2nd, The Kaitangata Railway and Coal Company, Dunedin ; coal from Kaitangata. 2nd, The Waikato Coal and Shipping Company, Auckland ; coal. 2nd, T. and S. Morrin and Co. (Limited), Auckland; coal.
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X. Genekal Description of the New Zealand Coukt. : Extracts from the Official Catalogue and from the Melbourne Press notices. _, The New Zealand Court is at the east side of the Grand Avenue of Nations, opposite the German. Court, and near to the north door. It has a length of 220 ft. and a width of 100 ft., but the frontage is reduced to 75ft. by a portion allotted to the Queensland Court. The decorations of the frontage are extremely simple, but neat and effective. They consist of three light arches picked out in green and gold, with lofty pedestals of native timber, nikau palms, and ferns at the entrance. On the left-hand-side there is a section of a great kauri-tree, 261t. high and 9ft. in diameter; and the opposite side is balanced by a gilt column of almost equal dimensions, representing the total amount of gold which has been obtained in New Zealand. The general arrangement of the court is intended to carry out a definite design. Down the centre there is a handsome series of trophies and show-cases representing the natural resources of the country; on the right are all the manufactures that bear upon the production of food; and on the left all such manufactures as relate to clothing and furnishing, &c, including carriages, are displayed. Portion of the bay behind the Executive Commissioners' office is devoted to the mineral productions of New Zealand; while the strip adjoining Canada, on the left, is tastefully arranged as an art-gallery, being divided by screens so as to form six octagonal courts, while the outer side, facing Canada, is occupied by handsome show-cases. Passing through the centre of the court, there is first a trophy of wool, showing varieties of scoured and fleece wool, and giving statistics of the industry. This trophy is 33ft. high, and is surmounted by a stuffed pure-bred Bomney Marsh ram. Next comes a handsome case, 21ft. long and 10ft. wide, in which there are sixty bins filled with all grains characteristic of the colony, and surrounded by large open bins containing eighty samples of grain in bulk. Then follows a harvest trophy 33ft. high, of octagonal shape, exhibiting magnificent samples of all kinds of grain in stook, while round the base are displayed the-latest statistics with regard to the'grain-producing industry of the colony. Following this is a handsome show-case filled with soaps, candles, oil, &c. ; and just beyond it is one of the principal attractions of the court, in the shape of a Maori storehouse, exhibited by Sir W. Buller, K.C.M.G., which has been elevated on high supports and surrounded by a fernery. A space of 500 square feet has been enclosed by a zinc-lined floor, and a fine collection of live ferns embedded in soil and moss, and converted into a rockery by means of blocks of pumice-stone. Beyond this are two long cases containing fancy goods; and last, at the eastern entrance to the court, is a striking trophy, weighing over 16 tons, exhibited by the New Zealand Midland Railway Company, consisting of huge trees and polished blocks of timbers, obtained in the districts through which the company's line is being constructed. This trophy takes the form of an arch, and affords a picturesque background to the court. The general collection of exhibits is numerous and interesting. The Mosgiel Woollen Company make a good display of their manufactures in a show-case 20ft. long, 10ft. deep, and 13ft. high. On a succession of stages, tinted in a delicate maroon with a deep border, are placed highlyfinished articles of furniture of native woods. There are several exhibits illustrating the method of packing butter. Only three carriages are shown. There is a barouche in native timber which will find many admirers; and there is a sulky which introduces some novelties of form. The exhibits of preserved meats are extensive, and pottery is exceedingly well represented. In the mineral court the most noteworthy object is a large model of New Zealand, prepared by Sir James Hector. It is 22ft. long, and is geologically coloured. A collection of specimens of all kinds of ores, fossils, and minerals is also comprised in this section. Adjacent to it is a massive mineral trophy representing the leading mines in New Zealand, and these are succeeded by nine other trophies exhibited by the various coal-mining companies, and showing the seams which they work. In the same category may be placed a handsome exhibit of building-stones, in massive blocks. The half-bay that forms the north side of the court, 25ft. wide by 225 ft. long, is completely occupied by art exhibits, and is fronted by a beautiful landscape model of New Zealand, on the scale of four miles to the inch, also the work of Sir James Hector. There are eigty-eight paintings in oils and 146 water-colours, all the work of New Zealand artists. Bach bay is devoted to a different style of art. In the centre of some of them are models on a large scale, illustrating the most remarkable orographic features of New Zealand; while the cases facing towards the Canadian Court are occupied by such articles as birds of brilliant plumage, articles manufactured from feathers, a collection of the food-fishes of New Zealand, and various articles of art manufacture, &c. Besides the main court, the New Zealand exhibits of agricultural machinery occupy a large space in the Eastern Avenue and elsewhere, and the special beer-and-wine cellar also occupies a separate space in the basement. The Entrance. The verdant aspect of the New Zealand Court is in remarkable contrast to the gilded and showy entrances of most of the other courts. The archway is painted green, and is in harmony with a splendid display of tree-ferns. As before mentioned, at one angle of the frontage stands portion of a noble kauri-tree, and at the opposite angle there is a gilt column 34ft. high and 7ft. square at the base, representing the amount of gold which has been obtained from the colony since its settlement—amount, 11,220,5980z.; value, £44,642,576 ; bulk, 829 cubic feet. At the base of the column there is a glass case containing several hundred samples of alluvial gold and nuggets of gold. On entering the court the visitor will notice the comparatively small number of manufactures that have been shown by New Zealand compared with its display at previous exhibitions, but at the same time will be struck with the evidence on every side of the varied and infinite resources of a munificently-endowed country. There is so much to be seen, quite apart from manufactures, that a reference to these may be deferred until notice is taken of the leading features which are supplied by the natural products of the colony.
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Wool Trophy. The first object which demands attention is the wool trophy. As already mentioned, it stands 33ft. high, is octagonal in shape, and lo surmounted by a fine specimen of a Bomney Marsh sheep. The trophy has a framework of wood, and is inlaid with various shades of scoured wool arranged in artistic patterns. Eound its base some interesting statistics are given with regard to staple industries. It appears from them that last year the total area of grazing-land was 30,033,052 acres, and the number of sheep in the colony 15,254,198. The produce of wool was 90,000,0001b., representing a value of £3,322,038. There are seven woollen-mills in the colony, employing 1,324 hands, and manufacturing 1,200,060 yd. of cloth annually. There are seven meat-freezing companies, employing 446 hands; and the freezing clone by them last year was as follows: Sheep, 615,565; mutton, 30,828,2501b.; beef, 1,193,2981b.; preserved meats, 1,035,3341b. The total value of the principal exports from the colony during the year is stated to*be £6,672,791. Grain Trophy. The grain trophy is of the same height as the wool one, and is constructed of sheaves of wheat, oats, and barley. A considerable amount of ingenuity has been exercised in building it, so that it forms a graceful attraction to the eye. Eound the base statistics are given, which show the general average yield of wheat from the best wheat district last year to be from 40 to 66 bushels per acre, and weighing about 701b. per bushel. The general average yield of oats was from 30 to 45 bushels per acre, and of barley from 25 to 35 bushels per acre. Fernery. A large space in the centre of the court has been devoted to a fernery, which has been admirably arranged. It was originally intended that a fernery should occupy a space at the back of the main building, opposite to the tropical-fruit house, but it was found impossible with the time and material available to make a display that would be effective. The fernery occupies the space of 500 square feet. The floor covered by it has been covered with zinc, and a bed of stone and sphagnum moss has been laid down, provision being made for drainage, so that the plants can be regularly watered and kept in a thoroughly fresh condition. As it was impossible to accommodate the whole of the collection which came over from New Zealand, only 120 of the more characteristic ferns and allied plants have been selected, and imbedded in the moss and rockery. They have been arranged in a manner well calculated to impress visitors. Among them are many which rarely have been acclimatised in Victoria. Among these are to be seen the beautiful " Prince of Wales," the nikau palm, the silver fern, the much-prized kidneyfern, a number of the delicate membraneous ferns, and the para, the large double root of which furnished the Natives of New Zealand with food in the bygone days. There are also three or four species of ti (Cordyline) , the most notable being the large toii, which grows high up in the mountains, and is singular from having elastic fibres in its leaf, akin to those found in the banana-leaf. Most of these ferns arrived in very good condition, and when planted promised to rapidly establish themselves ; but, singularly enough, they have suffered from the July frosts, through being situated beneath the iron roof of the Exhibition buildings. Had they been entirely exposed to the weather they would have fared better. The effect of the frost was slightly to discolour some of them; but it is 1 hoped that with the advent of warmer weather they will revive, and when they throw out their fronds they will be a great attraction to the court. Those ferns which could not be utilised have been placed in nursery-grounds, and will probably be handed over to the Commissioners of the Botanical Gardens. Maori House. Above the fernery the porch of a Maori storehouse, or pataha, has been erected. It is a most interesting exhibit, and is calculated to excite a good deal of curiosity, being ornamented with Maori images, and fantastically decked inside with white feathers. It is rather suggestive of a Chinese joss-house or a heathen temple of some sort; but it appears that these storehouses were used by the Maoris quite apart from any religious observance, and simply served the purpose of a place of safety where provisions might be stored out of the reach of rats or other predatory animals. A special interest attaches to this particular porch, which is the property of Sir W. L. Buller, K.C.M.G., of Wellington, from the fact that it has been built out of a war-canoe which was used by a great Ngapuhi warrior when he attacked an island in the Eotorua Lake in 1822. A figure in the doorway represents Pikido, the ancestor of the Ngatipikiao Tribe ; and an effigy which is affixed to the roof is supposed to be that of another Maori celebrity. The supports of the structui'e were taken from the grave of the noted chief Te Eangihaeata, the fighting general of Te Eauparaha in the New Zealand war of 1845. Midland Railway Trophy. An exhibit of the New Zealand Midland Eailway Company consists of an arch which is composed of the marketable timbers which are to be found on the line of the New Zealand Midland Eailway. It is most ingeniously constructed. Two logs, in bark, of red-and white-pine, 16ft. long, support the trophy, which is surmounted by iron baskets containing the bituminous coals which are also to be obtained in the country which the line traverses. The New Zealand Midland Eailway Company, it may be here explained, has undertaken the formation of a railway through the Provincial Districts of Canterbury and Nelson. It will be 235 miles in length, and is to be completed in ten years. The route of the railway is from the Government line at Springfield, near Christchurch, on the East Coast, to Brunnerton on the W 7est Coast, and thence in a northerlj' direction to a Government line running southwards from the Port of Nelson. The railway is undoubtedly of great importance to the South Island of New Zealand. It will
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bring several centres of population into close contact with one another, and will also have the peculiar advantage of connecting districts of a totally dissimilar character. On the one side there is a pastoral and agricultural country, and on the other side a district containing timber, coal, iron, gold, and many other minerals in abundance. Besides its aid to commerce, the railway will be of great value as a means of enabling tourists, who now flock to New Zealand from every part of the world, to see some of the grandest scenery of the South Island. Along the route of the line there is a continuation of alpine, forest, lake, and river scenery which is unsurpassed anywhere. The beauties of the Otira Gorge and Arthur's Pass are already pretty well known, through being on the coach-road, but the lake and river scenery of the "Westland country, through which the railway will pass, has as yet been seen by few tourists. It is probable that the railway will lead to important discoveries of mineral resources. Mr. Blair, the Assistant Engineer-in-Chief, in his report to the New Zealand Government on the line, says that from Nelson down the West Coast to Otago there is scarcely twenty miles in which minerals of some economic value have not been discovered. Food-fishes. Behind tne picture-gallery are two cases of fish which have been preserved by ProfessorParker by a new process, which gives them the appearance of being freshly taken out of the water. They include five samples of trumpeter, sole, mackerel, ling, flounder, butterfish, and salmon-trout. An excellent specimen is to be seen of the hapuka species, weighing 1501b. This fish is closely allied to the Murray cod, but is often of a better flavour, as it is a deep-sea fish. This exhibit certainly suggests the opening there is for establishing a large trade in fish between Australia and New Zealand, by the freezing process. At the present time Melbourne is supplied with only one or two varieties, and these are only to be obtained at high prices. The demands of this city alone ought to render such a trade a profitable one. Timber Trophy. A trophy of New Zealand timber, which has been erected by the Commissioners, consists of some fine specimens of kauri, cedar, totara, black-, white-, red-, and yellow-pine; red-, black-, and white-birch; tea-tree (manuka), and other timbers. A large series of over 130 polished slabs and sections of large forest trees, exhibited by the Public Works Department, is also to be seen arranged in very effective dado-fashion around the picture-gallery which is attached to the Court. Flax Trophy. Another trophy consists of the products of native flax, which is now so largely used in connection with reaping-and-binding machines. Surveys. The department which controls the Crown lands and surveys of the colony seems to be admirably conducted, and every facility has been given for persons to make themselves acquainted with the geography and peculiarities of the attractive scenery of New Zealand. The Survey Department exhibit a series of maps, chromolithographs, &c. The physical map of New Zealand, which is Bft. by 10ft., and is drawn on a scale of eight miles to the inch, shows all the natural features of the colony, such as mountain-ranges, glaciers, lakes, and river-systems. The map is very beautifully executed, the compilation and projection of the polyconic system being by Mr. T. M. Grant, the hill-shading by Mr. J. M. Malings, and the writing by Mr. F. W. Flanagan. The land-tenure map, also drawn to a scale of eight miles to an inch, shows in distinctive colours the land owned by Europeans purchased from the Natives, the land owned by Europeans purchased from the Crown, the confiscated lands unsold, lands held by Natives under Crown title, lands over which the Native titles have not yet been extinguished, Native lands under negotiation to purchase by the Government, Crown lands still unsold and public reserves, Crown lands leased for pasture, and lands reserved for Native purposes. This map is a copy of the projection of the physical map, and, having regard to the purpose for which it has been constructed, it will perhaps be the one round which will centre the most interest, as showing to the eye in a graphic form the actual settlement and occupation of the colony. The writing was principally done by Mr. H. M. McCardell, and partly by Mr. Grant. Some of the vacant spaces of this map are filled, in with coloured diagrams, showing, from the year 1855 to the end of 1884, the progress of the colon)' in population, nationalities, and religions; number of children attending school; birth, death, and marriage rate; imports, exports, and total trades; land in cultivation ; yields of cereal- and i oot-crops ; sheep, horses, cattle, and other stock; number of holdings under cultivation; total deposits in the savings-bank; revenue and expenditure ; tonnage of shipping inward and outward ; miles of railway constructed ; telegraph-lines ; capital invested in land, buildings, and machinery, &c. Indeed, this map affords a complete history of the economic and industrial progress of the colony for the past thirty years. The statistics were compiled in the Eegistrar-General's office, but the arrangement and printing of the diagrams was by the Survey Department. Another map, for the practical purpose of enabling the people at Home to understand the model settlement of a new country, is the plan of the country round Mount Egmont, indicating the manner in which Crown lands are subdivided and mapped for the information of the public prior to their being offered for sale. On this map, which is drawn on a scale of 2in. to the mile, every section and road is clearly shown. Tbe numerous streams flowing down from Mount Egmont to the fertile Waimate plains, and the Opunake country right up to New Plymouth, with that noble cone Mount Egmont rising to a height of 8,260 ft. above the sea, shown in the background, in a beautifully artistic manner. The Auckland branch of the department has furnished a very interesting map of the extinct volcanoes of the Isthmus of Auckland, on which the well-known cones of Eangitoto, Mount Eden,
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and about thirty others are well brought out. This map was drawn by Mr. C. X. Sturcovaut, under the direction of Mr. Percy Smith, Assistant Surveyor-General. The department also furnished many specimen copies of its lithographic productions, including two maps of the Auckland District, drawn to a scale of four miles to the inch; the Tarauaki, Wellington, and Hawfie's Bay Provincial Districts, to a scale of eight miles to the inch. Maps of Nelson and Marlborough, with parts of Canterbury and Westland north of latitude 43° south, to a scale of eight miles to the inch, also a map of Otago. Geological Department. Turning to the exhibits of thy Geological Survey Department, we find four relief-models have been prepared by Sir James Hector, the indefatigable Executive Commissioner, two of which illustrate in the most popular manner possible the topographical and geological features of the colony, each being on the scale of four miles to the inch horizontal, and 6,000 ft. to the inch vertical. Tljey have been shaped out of plaster of Paris, and are displayed out on pedestals which are raised a convenient distance from the floor. A relief-model of the Milford Sound district is intended to illustrate, according to the catalogue, " the formation of mountains in New Zealand by excessive atmospheric denudation and sculpturing, followed by subsidence of the land." It appears from this that the inland lakes of the Otago district, which are only a few miles from the famous West Coast Sounds, are situated at such a height above the latter that an enormous water-power could be obtained and made available, with safe wharfage for the largest vessels afloat; and Sir James Hector is strongly impressed with the future value of this natural source of power for the purpose of charging electric accumulators for the supply of light and motive-power. He considers that the water-power thus applied will yet become an important export. The fourth model is of a central volcanic region of the North Island, and " shows the structure of mountains which have been formed by the accumulation of volcanic materials, combined with upheaval of the land." There is a large collection of casts of most interesting fossils, including the fossil reptiles that are characteristic of the coal-formation of New Zealand, and also of casts of various Maori curios. Coal Trophies. The best coal-mines o£ the colony are represented by large bulk trophies, showing not only bituminous coal of excellent quality, but also the coke that is manufactured from it. One of the tests of the value of a coal is its adaptability for coke-making, and it is satisfactory to note that the coke which is exhibited is of a remarkably fine quality, having a silvery lustre and a fretwork surface, which is quite ornamental. These bulk exhibits have been furnished by the mine-owners of New Zealand. Local Committees representing the mining districts of the colony, under the direction of the Mine Department, also show bulk specimens of minerals, among which are ores of gold, silver, lead, antimony, manganese, scheelite, a great variety of iron ores, chrome and zinc ores, and a collection of mineral oils and petroleum shales. There are also many different lime, cement, lithographic, and building stones to be seen, as well as manufactured mineral products. Art Gallery. The Art Gallery of New Zealaud has been illustrated by a special catalogue, in which the pictures are numbered in the order in which they have been hung, which greatly assists the visitor. We meet with Mrs. Rowan again in this court, where she exhibits twenty water-colour drawings of the most characteristic flora of these islands. We may single out Nos. 82 and 83, and the series numbered from 90 to 95, as conspicuous examples of choice workmanship and delicate detail. Twenty-five field sketches, or rapid memoranda in colour, of New Zealand scenery, by Mr. E. A. Chapman, serve to give one a good idea of the alpine scenery of the country. In some instances the localities depicted lie altogether outside the beaten track of tourists. Mr. W. M. Hodgkins has devoted himself to the West Coast Sounds more particularly, and sends twenty sketches of these, five in sepia and the rest in colour. They denote a fine sense of the picturesque on the part of the artist, and, while only professing to be sketches, they possess just enough detail to render them highly effective. Those which are most notable in this respect are the "Valley of the Hooker," "Preservation Inlet," "Pembroke Peak," " A May Morning in Milford Sound," and " A Peak in Doubtful Sound." Two larger drawings from the same pencil are historically interesting. One represents Tasman's encounter with the Natives in Massacre Bay in 1642, when three of the crew of the " Zee Haan " were murdered on their way by the Maoris, to warn the people on board the " Helmskirk " of their danger; the other pictures showing us the " Resolution," commanded by Captain Cook, entering Dusky Bay in March, 1773. The late Mr. John Gully could scarcely be represented by worthier examples of his pencil than are supplied by the two large drawings of the north and south beaches of the Kaikouras, on the east coast of the Middle Island—the first with its picturesque foreground, its crescent-shaped bay, and its grand range of snow-clad mountains rising up from the edge of the sea ; and the second with its long rollers breaking in surf upon the curved beach, and the low-lying clouds lying on the summit of the range, which occupies the centre of the picture. The south fiord, Lake Te Anau, and its companion picture are full of warmth and sunshine; and in 203 and 206 the artist has shown us the same scene under two skilf ully^contrasted aspects—the mist of early morning rising from a lake and lying in horizontal layers against a mountain-range in the first instance, and the glow of sunset fading from the landscape in the second. In five other graphic transcripts of lake, mountain, seashore, and forest scenery from the same skilful hand, Mr Gully shows that, in these his latest works, his pencil had lost none of its accustomed brilliancy of touch, and there is a touch of true poetry in his picture of the icy peaks of Mount Cook, glittering in the light of the rising sun.
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Mr. J. C. Eichmond exhibits a view of Shelly Beach, Auckland, agreeably transparent in colour and pearly in atmosphere ; and in a capital panoramic picture of Blind Bay he has treated a difficult subject with conspicuous success. The composition conveys an impressive sense of distance, and the warm lucid atmosphere, and the far-off mountain ridges with their stainless coronals of snow, are capitally rendered. Both these artists seem to have found a disciple in Miss Jenny Wimperis, of Dunediu, who exhibits three large landscapes, strong in colour, vigorous in drawing, and patient in workmanship -not free from defects, but containing much good performance while disclosing high promise. Her best qualities are most obviously displayed, we think, iv the picture entitled " Across the March." A certain masculine strength is perceptible also in some parts of Miss .Rosa Budden's " Creek at Devil's Gully," but her " Group of Boses" appears to us to indicate a special talent for flowerpainting worthy of being assiduously cultivated ; and this impression is confirmed when we come to examine the nature of the work in her " Group of Sunflowers." Mr. G. D. Barraud has chosen for his subjects many of the remarkable freaks of nature in the country of the hot lakes, and shows us, among other things, what used to be called the Blue Lake as it appeared before the eruption of Tarawera; a general view of the terrace and of that volcano, and the lower basin of the White Terrace at Eotomahana. Among the grander objects upon which he has exercised his pencil are Mount Pembroke from Harrison's Cove, Milford Sound, and Mount Cook from the mountains overlooking the Tasmari. Mr. A. W. Walsh's " Evenings iv the Otago Peninsula," and Mr. F. Wright's three landscapes, are noticeable for the boldness of their brushwork, while there is no little promise in the drawings of Miss Minna and Kora Gardner, and in the study of a head by Miss Kate Sperrey. Oil-paintings. The oil-paintings do not, as a rule, reach the same high standard as the water-colour drawings. Some of them —as, for example, Mr. James Peelle's "Bush Track, Hokitika," hirs "Afterglow," " Birch Forest," " West Coast Eoad," and " Otira Gorge " —denote a nice sense of the picturesque, combined with an earnest effort to represent what he sees and feels in nature, but some of his methods of expression betray imperfectness and inexperience, and there is so much good in the first of these pictures, and in his Mahinapoua Eiver, that, as it appeai-s to us, he only wants putting on the right road in order to make his mark as a landscape-painter racy of the soil. If Mr. Sherriff should have an opportunity of studying Schenak's "Anguish " in our National Gallery, we think it would enable him to perceive, and, perhaps, to correct, the more obvious defects in his "Victim of the Keas." Mr. J. Gibbs's " Oyster-dredging " strikes us as the best piece of work in this collection of oilpaintings, and Mr. A. H. Gear's "Fellow of Infinite .Test" is the figure-picture which seems to attract most attention, while the same compliment is paid to Mr. L. J. Steele's " Story of a Saddle " among the genre compositions, representing, as it does, a dying bushman disclosing a sensational incident in his career to an astonished companion, seated by the side of a stretcher in a bush-hut. Of the four landscapes by Mr. T. L. Drummond, " The Shores of the Mauukau " strikes us as being the most artistic ; while the best passages iv the " Bain-clouds on the Huiiua Eanges," and in the " Beach, Waiwera," are the skies, which in each are freely and skilfully handled. Among the pictures by MissG. Kate Sperrey the "Italian Goatherd" is the one which contains indications of the greatest promise, and the touch is masculine in its strength. The face of the boy in " Leaving Home " is also good ; sufficiently good, indeed, to almost atone for the bad drawing and feeble execution of the rest of the picture. Mr. J. Douglas Moultray contributes three large, boldly-executed, and well-thought-out views of the Sounds on the west coast of New Zealand—all of which have found an appreciative purchaser—and three smaller landscapes. Mr. B. W. Peyton's "Bush Scene on the Upper Wangauui" conveys a good idea of the vegetation of that region, while Mr. G. Sberriff s panoramic view of " The Land of the Moa," from the head of Lake W 7akatipu, takes in a great variety of imposing objects and embraces a wide extent of country. On looking through the catalogues we observe that there are 158 oil-paintings and 140 watercolour drawings exhibited in the New Zealand Court, and that the exhibitors are about fifty in number, showing that there is a strong disposition to cultivate the pictorial art in that colony, as also much artistic ability, although some of it finds very crude ami unskilful expression at present for want of sound and systematic technical instruction. But when this is forthcoming we are disposed to think a distinctive and worthy school of landscape-painting will arise in the " Britain of the South." No country can present a more splendid variety of subjects for the artist to exercise his pencil upon. Photography. There is no other colony in Australasia so well adapted for giving a good show of landscapephotography as New Zealand; for, in addition to its many quiet beauties inland, and its unsurpassable views as seen in its sounds and lakes, it has another in its mountain (glaciers) scenery and wild volcanic region. It has been compared to Switzerland by some and even preferred by others, but it has not yet become vulgarised, as has the former country ; and, whether from its inaccessibility or other causes, certain it is that photographers have not yet taken all the advantage they could do to make the public familiar with this wonderland. Entering this court from the Grand Avenue of Nations, the visitor sees first one of the photographs of trees in the kauri-forest, and, as a sample of kauri-pine is close at hand, it is an easy matter to understand the long, straight trunk of the tree ; these growing sometimes over 100 ft. high before branching out.
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As already described, the Fine Art Gallery of New Zealand is arranged in bays, and in the first of these we find a very interesting collection of views, entitled "Far South," many of which were evidently taken under difficulties —notably, the rock-scenes; which, technically, are not equal to those entitled "Penguins and Mollyhawks," which are full of interest and are capital samples of photography. The enlarged views of these curious subjects are especially striking, on account of the doings and peregrinations of the gentleman who made these photographs — Mr. Dougal, of Invercargill —a narrative of which has been published. Along the lower parts of the space are several exhibits of bridges and railway-stations shown by the Railway Department. In the first bay there are also four or five frames of New Zealand views exhibited, in connection with a tourist notice, detailed views of Southern lakes, West Coast Sounds, Hot Springs, and several townships. They form a varied and useful collection, giving the traveller a very happy reminiscence of his journey. Mr. Coxhead, of Dunedin, shows some good work, of fairly large dimensions. Among the best must be mentioned "George's Sound," but the whole exhibit is a proof of careful work and wellregulated study. Mr. W. P. Hart, of Invercargill, h&s three frames of portraits and views, the best of the latter being short panoramas. Some framed photographs of New Zealand scenery, by Mr. Morris, of Dunedin, all show good taste and knowledge of picture-making. On the north front of the court are some frames of portraits by Eden George, which may be ranked among the best shown in the New Zealand Court; particular merit, both as to posing and general excellence of work, being due to the two standing figures separately framed. The texture of the dress in the one to the left is a fine sample of what photography can do in reproducing materials. The face would have been improved by a little less depth of half-tone. The portraits of the late Sir Julius yon Hast and Sir William Jervois are bold and full of character. In the fourth bay one is impressed at once by the show made by Mr. Valentine, of Auckland, of some twenty framed views, showing well the variety of scenery to be met with in this beautiful colony. While such pictures as "On the Waikato," "The Twins," "The Crow's Nest," &c, are illustrative of wildness and grandeur, such pieces as " Waitakerei Falls" and "Washing-day" may be taken as exemplifying peace and repose. A small collection of photo-micrographs by Mr. Vanes, of Dunedin, contribute in making the bay a good representative one for photography. In the sixth bay, Mr. Morton, of Auckland, exhibits some silver-bromide enlargements, which are an improvement on those already mentioned; and Mr. Martin, of Wangauui, has some very carefully-manipulated scenery, well worthy inspection. There is an imported collection of portraits by the '.'ivory-type" process in oil, shown by Professor Brookes, Christchurch, which resemble ordinary crystoleum portraits. There are also some very pretty cabinet-photographs of Wanganui, by D. C. Strachan. In the twelfth bay there is a goodly array of mezzotints, or what are generally called silverbromide prints. The work is of great variety and all good. The great Wairakei crater is a splendid realistic effect, and the White and Pink Terraces, from various positions, both in an agitated and peaceful state, make a grand show. Several specimens of small work have the same evidence of thoughtful workmanship as the larger ones. The exhibit is produced by Mr. J. Martin, Auckland. In the fourteenth bay the work of Messrs. Burton Brothers, who have done so much to popularise New Zealand scenery, is shown. There are landscapes of all sorts and sizes, so numerous that one is almost bewildered where to begin the inspection. Some splendid specimens of Milford Sound will probably first attract attention. They are not photographs merely, but pictures : the camera has not in this case been planted down and operations commenced at once, something resulting which we are ofttimes told must be correct, as the instrument " cannot lie," but an honest search after the right effect, at the right time, and a due regard to art-principles. The views of the hot-water basins are studies worthy of being in every artist's studio. Tarawera is shown after the eruption, the terraces sadly dismantled ; and then there are interesting collections entitled, "The Maori at Home," "The Camera in the Coral Islands," &o. Such collections are of great interest, and should be found in all museums; whilst the Samoan girls and the Tongan beauties, although not dressed in all the elegance of the Melbourne Cup costumes, are nevertheless not without their cachet of beauty. In the fifteenth bay there is another good show by Mr. Coxhead. Fine views of St. George's Sound —St. Clair, and looking down St. George's Sound—the latter a characteristic bit, with a steamer anchored in the distance on a sheet of water whose placidity seems to be the very essence of repose. A view of the Humbolt Range is a charming piece of work. In the immediate foreground is a piece of water with a rustic fence going through it, while just above are the cottages forming a village ; then some pretty forest-scenery, with the mountains forming the background— altogether about as pretty a piece of composition as is to be found in the Exhibition, so far as photography is concerned. Mr. Ring's exhibit is spoilt by bad mounting, some of the views being partially away from the mount. Several views, diverse printing, are shown by Mr. Smith, of the Survey Department. Views of Wellington by the Corporation of that city, and portraits and landscapes by Mr. Attwood, bring to a conclusion a very excellent representative collection of the portraiture and landscape-photography of this colony. Field- and Garden-produce. Taking the samples of field,- an.l garden-produce of the New Zealand Court as evidence of the whole, the first feeling in the mind of a Victorian is one of surprise that a country that has apparently brought agriculture to a creditably high development should complain of continuous depression. As far as samples can be made to bear witness in favour of a country, those of the New Zealand Court do so; and, where actual uold-products are wanting, portraits of agricultural institutions and agricultural scenes give proof of the thoroughness and magnitude of the operations 3—H. 23.
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of the New Zealand farmer. The illustrations of the School of Agriculture, for example, suggest in appearance such a building as Melbourne University rather than the weather-board structure erected at Dookie. In the photographs exhibited of the wheat-fields at Pareora, South Canterbury, is shown a spectacle rarely seen elsewhere in Australia—namely, a dozen "reapers and binders" moving in train across the same wheat-field, which appears to cover a beautiful undulating country entirely unlike the levels of South Australia. The wheat in the field seems high and heavy in the head; but higher and heavier still are the samples of corn in ear ranged on the walls of the court. There is a sample, for example, of Tuscan wheat, exhibited by the Hon. Mr. Holmes, of Oamaru cut from a field which averaged 66 bushels to the acre; Mold's, 40 bushels ; red-chaff, 52 bushels > purple-straw, 50 bushels; and white-velvet, 40 bushels : all yields to make a Victorian wheat-grower envious. Although the general disposition is to regard New Zealand as largely traversed by mountainous land, unsuitable for agriculture, we learn from the statistics exhibited on the base of the grain trophy that there are really some 12,000,000 of acres available for agriculture, and an additional 50,000,000 suitable for pastoral purposes. The year 1887-88 was an exceptionally bad one, yet the average yield of wheat was 22-94 bushels for the whole country, and the average for the last five years has been 2762 bushels. The average yield of oats and of barley in New Zealand for 1887-88 —a matter in which the Victorian farmer takes another than a kindly interest—was for the former 31-24 and for the latter 2726 bushels per acre. Most of the cereals of the court are shown in a large show-case with glass front, so that every facility is given for comparison. The Hon. Mr. Holmes, M.L.C., of Dunedin, is, judged, by his display in the court, one of the largest of New Zealand agriculturists, his exhibits including the fine sample of wheat already mentioned. J. and T. Meek, of Oamaru, have also sent some very fine cereals, some of their samples showing the following results for the measured bushel: White Tuscan wheaV7oJlb. ; red Tuscan wheat, 711b.; white-velvet wheat, 70£lb. ; Mold's Enoble wheat, 701b.; Canadian oats, 56-Jlb.; Danish oats, 49-|lb. ; long Tartarian oats, 49Jlb. Other exhibitors who figure creditably in this peculiar department are, Messrs. Chamberlain Brothers, of Masterton; Fulton and Southwell, of Napier; Manning and Co., of Christchurch; the New Zealand and Australian Land Company, of Dunedin ; the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency, of Invercargill; Evans and Company, of Timaru; and others. At the Colonial and Indian Exhibition very high testimony was given by experts as to the excellence of the New Zealand cereals. The report states, "The average produce of over 26 bushels per acre of wheat, of over 27 bushels of barley, and of over 32 bushels of oats demonstrates the fertility of the soil, and places New Zealand in the position of being among the most prolific countries in the world." " A large number of other samples were shown, such as pearl wheat, weighing as much as 66-|lb.; Tuscan wheat, 671b.; Tuscan white-purple straw, 691b.; velvet chaff, 671b. These weights show the excellence of the quality : in fact, nothing finer than these wheats has probably been seen. The wheats of commerce which are shipped to England do not approach in quality these fine specimens. The samples of barley were simply magnificent; and such barleys as the Chevalier would bring enormous prices in England. In the quality of its oats, again, New Zealand is in the front rank. The samples of potato-oats are unsurpassable. Whether such splendid grain as is here exhibited is common, and can be obtained in quantity, is doubtful; but still the fact remains that in all the chief grains New Zealand has shown, by these samples, a production of superb quality and in prolific quantities." Dairy-produce, Long before Victorians had given anything like the marked attention now paid to dairying and dairy-cattle, the excellence of the milk-cattle of New Zealand, and more especially Ayrshires, was admitted; and many of them have, of late years, been sent to the leading shows in Australia. The exports of dairy-produce from New Zealand have more than doubled within the last three years The Taranaki Butter-packing Company, of New Plymouth, which has established an export trade with Fiji, South America, Honolulu, China, and elsewhere, shows butter, as packed for such markets, in tins very much like those used by the Americans for canned fruits. Eor the Home market the butter is packed chiefly in kegs and boxes, of which an improved form is exhibited by Messrs. Pond, of Auckland. The special advantages gained are that the enamelled surface preserves the butter, and the boxes are easily taken to pieces, cleaned, and repacked in very small compass as returned packages. There are altogether nearly a score of dairying companies represented by their produce in the New Zealand collection. Upon one point a New Zealand exhibitor claims credit as against all others in the Exhibition, Viz., for a display of winter-apples. There are, altogether, twenty varieties—a very good collection for the present time of the year — though the New Zealand grower, by reason of difference in climate, has probably an advantage over a Victorian for such a display. The grower is Mr. W. L. Beloe, of Pukekohe, and, as displayed, his exhibit is as attractive in appearance as a stand of sea-shells or a case of natural-history curios. The apples are rich in colour as in aroma, and all apparently sound in flesh. The Executive, however, find the dampness which prevails in the court a great disability in displaying winter-fruits, for even the soundest decay unless favoured with a dry atmosphere. Another garden-product., so tastefully packed that any one seeing it becomes a purchaser almost as a matter of course, is the honey sent by Mr. G. Stevenson, of Waerengaahika. The extracted honey is bottled as usual, but the honey in comb is packed in little cardboard boxes, and has a most attractive appearance. While the alimentary exhibits of the court generally impress the. observer, they are not of a kind permitting detailed description.
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Timbers and Woodwork. The chief of the New Zealand timbers, the kauri, is well known all over Australia. The massive size of this forest-tree was well displayed by the bark from the section of the trunk of a medium-sized specimen that was erected in front of the court. The bark had been removed-in strips, Sin. wide and 26ft. in length. These were skillfully united on a framework, so as greatly to reproduce the outward form of the tree from which it had been taken, which had a circumference of 28ft. A cross-section of the timber from the butt of the same tree was also shown. Nevertheless, the kauri is a far grander tree than this particular trunk would lead us to believe, some of the boles springing up nearly 100 ft. before a branch appears. Another fine specimen of kauri-timber was in the form of a large table, made from a single plank, 14ft. long, 7ft. wide, and sin. thick. For five years ending December, 1887, kauri-timber was exported to the value of £734,445, and the export of kauri-gum alone amounted in 1887 to £362,449 ; so from the figures alone something can be gauged of the value of the fine trees. The gum or turpentine, having run into the ground and solidified, is dug chiefly from the sites of old forests, and a very fine collection of these gums, and of the varnishes made from them, has been sent over by the Hon. B. Mitchelson. One piece of kaurigum shown at his stand weighs 641b., and another 541b. In appearance it resembles the finest amber, and ornaments made from it are being sold in the court. The gums, it may be explained, are shown here as purchased and graded for the New York and London markets. While the ordinary kauri-gum is widely used for the interior work of a certain portion of the cores, gives the beautiful mottled kauri so largely used in cabinet-work and effective beyond any other known variety of white-pine. The peculiar markings are by some believed to be a disease of the timber, but the grain is so regular that this theory hardly bears close analysis. To have a fair conception of the beauty of this mottled kauri for cabinet-work, one must see a very fine telescope dining-table, exhibited by Mr. J. Gibbie, of Dunedin, made from wood grown in Auckland. . - There are two kinds of New Zealand cedar, the kawaka or Cyprus cedar being a tree varying up to a height of 100 ft., and with a trunk up to sft. in diameter. The wood is reddish in colour, fine in grain, and is largely used by the Maoris for their strange carvings. One of the most valuable of the New Zealand trees is the totara, a tree reaching sometimes a height of 120 ft. and up to 10ft. in diameter. The tree is one of the all-round kind, for, while it has the merit of working easy and showing a clean grain like the cedar, it has almost entirely superseded jarrah ; and in New Zealand, for wharves, piers, and such submarine structures, it has been found to resist the attack of the teredo better than any timber thus far tried. The knots in the tree are largely used in cabinet-work, and will be found in all larger pieces of furniture in the court; while Mr. S. B. Johnson, of Nelson, shows one of the knots squared and French-polished. Both the black- and white-pines — the former known in the Maori dialect as rnatai, and the latter as kahikatea —are good timbers, the former being pretty generally used for all kinds of buildings; but the white-pine, since it is injuriously affected by anything like exposure to the air, is better adapted for indoor-work. But this list by no means exhausts the pines of economic value with which New Zealand, by comparison with any part of Australia, is especially favoured. There is, in addition, the red-, the yellow-, and the celery-leaved pine. The older trunks of the red-pine work up very handsomely indeed in furniture, as a great number of the New Zealand exhibits show. The markings are indeed not unlike those of rosewood, but scarcely so brilliant in tone. The juice of the tree has a pleasant taste, and Captain Cook is reported to have used it for the manufacture of spruce-beer. The yellow-pine is, without exception, the most durable of New Zealand woods, and posts in some of the Maori villages are reputed to have been in position for hundreds of years. A curious trait in the tree, but one not altogether singular in Australian vegetation, is that it very often carries two entirely distinct kinds of leafage on the same bough. The celery-leaved pine (Phyllocladus) is notable as being a tree which, in addition to giving a good moisture-resisting, close-grained timber, also affords in its bark, which contains 23 per cent, of tannin, the dye for the fashionable " tan-tint "in gloves. An export trade was inaugurated in 1850, and, though for a time it fell away, it has again, with the recurrence of particular fashions, come into wide demand. The red-, white-, and black-heart birches, all of the Fagus family, give tough timber for such heavy work as bridge-building and the like. The manuka, a small tree, produces a tough pliant timber, which, in New Zealand, largely takes the place of hickory ; and the older planks when they have fully developed their markings are used for ornamental effect. The rata, or ironwood, is very largely used for knees of boats and ship-building timbers, nearly all the boats built in the North Island having it for a frame. Indeed, even the softer New Zealand woods make good ship-timbers, as shown by the specimens of kauri and pohutukawa taken from a ship's side forty years old, and exhibited by the Auckland Timber Company (Limited^. Woodware. There are many other trees lesser in bulk, but of exceptional value for cabinet-work, as every one admits who takes the trouble to examine some of the work sent over by New Zealand manufacturers. One of the finest pieces is a wardrobe, something in the Queen Anne style, but modified to suit the characteristics of the new woods that the olden-time builder had never known. There are some fifteen different woods used in its composition, and, had the object of the New Zealand builder not been to display the New Zealand woods as well as his workmanship, fewer might have been used perhaps with better effect. The side-doors contain seven panels in different woods, the top being a diamond of the knotted totara, already mentioned, resting on a ground of white lacewood, and with four smaller panels of puriri (Vitex littoralis), a wood not unlike the greenest shade of the American walnut. The same wood is used as handles for the doors and drawers, being carved to represent the quaint outlines of the well-known supplejack. The larger panel in each door is mottled kauri, the beauty of which has already been mentioned, and is here set off with a margin of
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rewarewa, a variety of honeysuckle, which seems to be harder in the grain than most of our Banksias, and of much more exquisite markings, the regularity of the pattern of little cedar-like squares on the lighter ground having an especially fine effect. In cabinet-work it is generally used as a veneer upon some more substantial ground. In the centre of the wardrobe are two upper doors, with two distinct panels in relief, one of wavy totara upon a puriri ground and with floral carvings, the other of figured kauri with a recess of many inlaid woods beneath. Below are three drawers with very handsome mottled-kauri panels, while the frieze, cornice, and pediments of this very fine piece of furniture are all Maori carvings, the work of a New Zealand Native who has been trained to the art of adopting the curious scroll-ornamentation, of which his race are so fond, to the requirements of modern cabinet-work. What the maker has called the gun-wardrobe is exhibited by Mr. William Norrie, of Auckland, and here again the inlay gives evidence of patient and tasteful labour. There are twenty-five different woods used here, and they are all New Zealand. Further, it is entirely the work of apprentices who learned their trade in New Zealand workshops; In the centre are eight little jevfeldrawers, for each of which different woods were used. It is not surprising to learn that the piece was purchased shortly after the Exhibition opened. Messrs. Winks and Hall, of Auckland, have sent a number of little occasional tables, which are so largely in request for modern drawing-rooms, and probably no finer specimens of mosaic in ornamental woods have ever been seen before in Australia, even omittting consideration of the fact that all the timbers used are the produce of one colony, but of a colony, it must be admitted, full of rare vegetable products. The inlay has in all cases been kept very small, so as to permit of a great variety of woods being used, while at the same time serving as an admirable proof of the excellence of the workmanship. Some very handsome cabinet-work, sent by Walter Bayne, another Auckland maker, shows to finer effect than aything else the merit of the mottled kauri as a furnitufG-tii'nber. Indeed, it is more used for that purpose in New Zealand than any other of the beautiful island woods, and those who now become for the first time familiar with it will wonder that it has not long since come into popular use in the chief Australian workshops. The Auckland Timber Company have sent, among other things, some doors made from timbers already mentioned, such as rimu or red-pine, kauri, and figured kauri, with enrichments of puriri. Amongst timbers in the court which have not already been mentioned are the tawa, a light soft wood, the product of a tall forest-treee, and largely used for such rough but essential work as the manfacture of butter-casks. The black marie, or wild olive, is also known in several stands as an ornamental timber. It was formerly used by the Maoris for war-weapons, and in New Zealand has been found a very excellent substitute for box in such work as engraving on wood. The Mosgiel Company's Woollen Goods. The exhibits of the Mosgiel Woollen Factory Company, of Dunedin, stand in a conspicuous position at the entrance to the New Zealand Court, facing the Grand Avenue of Nations, and it must be admitted that they well deserve the prominence given them. Since the last Exhibition, held in Melbourne in 1880, when this company—which has now been in operation for fifteen years—made a highly creditable display, it has taken great strides forward in the w Tay of increasing the variety and improving the quality of its goods. The present exhibits would do credit to any of the oldestablished factories in Great Britain, and is of very great interest, as showing how the raw material, which is the special product of these colonies, can be worked into fabrics that compare with similar articles from the looms of Yorkshire and the West of England. The chief portion of the exhibit is contained in a handsome and well-arranged show-case of plate-glass, 20ft. long by 10ft. wide, besides which are two side-cases containing well-selected samples of the company's fabrics. In one important respect the Mosgiel company is undoubtedly pre-eminent among all the companies which have been established in these colonies for the manufacture of woollen goods, and that is the variety of the articles it produces. The Victorian factories confine themselves chiefly to a few lines, most of them having some speciality in which they excel; but the Mosgiel Company lays itself out to produce almost every class of woollen fabrics that can be manufactured in these colonies. Superfine broadcloths and doeskins are as yet beyond the range of our manufacturers, but in tweeds, both of the highly-finished and the close-woven kinds, such as are produced in Yorkshire and the West of England, and the coarser and more wiry make, for which the Scotch manufacturers are so celebrated, coatings, vestiugs, blankets, flannels, rugs, hosiery, the company makes an excellent display. Since the last Exhibition great improvements have been made in all the essentials of a woven fabric—patterns, colouring, texture, and finish. The designs are neat, and yet not commonplace ; the colours are clear and well blended ; and the texture of the best samples is fine and close, and the finish is smooth and firm. The company, it may be remarked, devotes itself to turning out articles of good quality and corresponding price, and makes no attempt to compete with the commoner and cheaper class of goods that are so plentifully produced elsewhere. It never uses " shoddy," rightly believing that the genuine w 7ools of New Zealand, the quality of which cannot be surpassed for manufacturing purposes, should constitute the sole material of its cloths and other articles. Although the company started work w Tith the best machinery it could procure, this has been renewed from time to time, whenever mechanical improvements or new methods of manufacture have been made known; while, in order to obtain a good class of workmen, the junior hands are trained by experts in each department, who are generally selected from the best mills in Scotland. Clearness and brightness of colour is a marked feature in the company's fabrics, and this is attributed in a large measure to the use of the indigo woading-vat for dyeing, the company believing that this is the best for giving clear lasting colours, as a base, especially for blues, blacks, and greens, the atmosphere of Australia and New Zealand being very trying to inferior colours. The tweeds and cloths shown by the company comprise a wide range of texture, from the fine merino
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dress-stuffs, with silk-mixed stripe check for ladies' costumes, and light summer tweed and flannels for gentlemen's wear, to heavy twilled melton and twist merino whipcord saddle tweeds. There are coatings of the fine worsted and woollen makes; tweeds adapted for suits in a great variety of patterns and texture ; fancy vestings of spotted and light-check designs ; trouserings in worsted and woollen makes, both in various plain mixtures and in stripe and check patterns; blue and scarlet cloths for uniforms, of both the twill, buckskin, and the melton finish, which are used for the police and the Permanent Militia and Volunteers of New Zealand. There are some excellent samples of shepherd-checks, a pattern which is considered one of the most difficult to weave so as to be perfectly clear in check and colour. These are most successful, the pattern, even in the smallest checks, coming out clear and sharp. There is also a variety of hairline trouserings, and of rough long-wool cloths for suits; homespun heathery mixtures and natural undyed woor"niixtures, suitable for the hottest weather, with fine crossbred woollen cloths for light suits, of new designs in check and stripe. The tennis flannels, with light grounds and bright stripes, make a good contrast with the darker and more subdued patterns of many of the cloths. Besides having a large and w^llassorted collection in the large case, the company has done well to have a variety of cloths outside, which can be handled and closely examined by visitors, the value of the touch being well understood by experts. The flannels of white and natural wools, together with blankets and soft serges, are shown within the case. The white fabrics are really admirable for the purity and brightness of their colour, and they are all made of genuine wool, combining lightness with warmth. Many so-called " woollen" blankets can be made to sell at a price actually lower than is given for scoured wool, but this is done by using broken fibres from the combining-machines and blending cotton with the wool. The Mosgiel Company's blankets, however, are of pure wool, and they have long been highly and justly appreciated in New Zealand by those who know a really good article. Bugs, plaids, and shawls are shown in great variety. The rugs are deserving of thejiighest admiration for quality of wool, texture, and colouring. They are beautifully soft to the' touch, while in pattern and brightness of hue they can scarcely be surpassed. Among them the reversible " Wakatipu" in clan tartan is specially noticeable. The "cosie" rug is admirably adapted for travellers by train, having a double-lined pocket to put the feet in, and another outside to put the hands in. Within the glass-case are to be seen a large assortment of fine white and natural wool hosiery and underclothing, fancy wool, knitted shawls, scarfs, &c. The plain-ribbed hose and half-hose, men's pants, and under-vests are made chiefly by new patent steam-power knitting-looms, which can turn out from four to fifteen articles at a time on one machine, enabling the company to produce them at a lower price than would otherwise be possible. It should be mentioned that one end of the ease is taken up by a very large variety of three- and four-ply coloured yarns for knitting-purposes ; while among them is to be seen a capitally-prepared figure of a Cheviot ram, whose fleece shows the raw material that is worked up by the company to such excellent purpose. On the whole, the company is entitled to great credit for the manner in which the exhibit has been arranged. It is undoubtedly the most varied and interesting display of manufactured woollens to be seen in the Exhibition, and will probably open the eyes of a good many visitors to the degree of excellence that it is impossible to attain in these colonies in one of the most important branches of manufacturing industry. Inventions. The New Zealand Court is rich in its display of newly-invented contrivances for various purposes, the following being a few of the most striking:— A Hydraulic liailway-lift. —A model of a hydraulic railway-lift, which is the invention of Mr. George Ashcroft, of Wellington, is at present attracting attention. It occurred to Mr. Ashcroft while he was manager of the Wellington-Wairarapa line of railway, in which the Fell system is used to cross the summit-level, that such a contrivance would be of great utility in connection with railways in mountainous countries. By its use portions of a line can be formed at different levels, the trains being raised or lowered from one level to another. Tunnels and steep inclines are thus avoided, and the cost of instruction, as well as the expenses of working, are materially reduced. The admirable way in which Mr. Ashcroffc's model works proves that he has carried his idea into practical fulfilment. When the lift is brought into operation, long pipes are laid between the lines so as to act as hydraulic cylinders. The cylinders are furnished with pistons and suitable traction-gear for lifting a strongly-constructed steel bridge. A train runs upon the bridge, and is properly secured. Water is then admitted under pressure from accumulators, causing the bridge, with the whole train upon it, to ascend to the higher level. The same apparatus is used for lowering the train. Mr. Ashcroft estimates that, had the invention been available at the time of the construction of the Wellington-Wairarapa Eailway, £200,000 might have been saved in the formation of the portions at Eimutuka, where there is a steep incline. Moreover, the working-expenses would, he contends, have been reduced by at least £6,000 a year, for the present construction of the line necessitates the use of five different engines on a run of eighty-three miles. The accumulators in connection with the lift can be worked with a ten-horse-power engine, with a set of four pumps. It is not improbable that the lift will be used on the Midland Railway through Canterbury, New Zealand. A New Form of Tide-gauge. —A new form of self-regulating tide-gauge, which is the invention of Sir James Hector, and is constructed by Messrs. Littlejohn and Sons, Wellington, is to be seen at work, a syphon being used to produce an artificial rise and fall of water in a tank. The invention is an adaptation of compound parallel levers, which are moved vertically by the direct action of the rise and fall of-the tide, the difference in the number of parallelograms above and below a certain point determining the scale to which the tidal motion is reduced by an automatic pen marking a diagram on paper carried forward by clock-work. In a paper which the inventor read to the Philosophical Society, he pointed out the reasons for accuracy in the records of sea-level, instancing its bearings on the value of property, as it is the datum-line from which all land surveys
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are necessarily made; on the coastal navigation of the country, as any permanent changes in the level would affect the depth of water on shoals and sunken rocks ; on the orographical features of the country, as it was the datum-line to which all altitudes used by engineers were referred. A New Totalisator. —A patent totalisator, conducted by Messrs. Hayes and Jenkins, is an admirable specimen of mechanical ingenuity, and has a neat and well-constructed case of totara. It can be used for a race in which fifteen horses, or any less number, are running. Its internal workings consist of an arrangement of tooth-wheels and levers, which it is somewhat difficult to describe. The machinery, it may be stated, however, works very smoothly, so that the totalisator shows at all times the exact number of investors on each horse and the total number of investors. Each horse is allotted a little window over which its name appears, and a larger window is situated at the top of the machine to show the total number of bets. Under each window, representing a horse, there is a handle, which is turned as each investment is made. The turning of a handle rings a bell, and a number is added to the particular horse on which the bet is made, and also to the grand total. The ringing of the bell is a check upon the man working the machine perpetrating any fraud. The totalisator is legalised in New Zealand for the sake of the Jockey Clubs, who claim a license-fee for their use, and sometimes run the machines themselves. The investors on a running horse receive the odds in their favour, less 10 per cent., which provides a very handsome return for the use and working of the machine. An anomalous state of things exists in regard to the gaming laws in New Zealand, for, while wholesale gambling is allowed to go on by means of these totalisators, the Legislature has forbidden that sweepstakes shall be got up. Other Inventions. A working model of a warehouse-lift, fitted with Kinniburgh's patent safety - clutch, is to be seen in the court. The special advantages for this safety - attachment is that it is a combination of a wedge and a .cylindrical roller. Most appliances for lifts in their action injure or destroy the uprights and other parts of the lift, but this one cannot do any damage even to itself. It may be fitted to any lift already in use, as it is capable of being attached in many ways. It may be applied to any hoisting-machinery, even to rope if necessary, by having a clutch made in circular form, and a series of balls instead of one roller. An ingenious automatic apparatus for tilting barrels of liquor is shown by Messrs. Hamond and Bishop, of Wellington. It consists of springs accurately tempered, and arranged in such a way that, when a barrel of liquor is placed on them, it tilts up as it looses its contents, and it can be entirely emptied with a minimum amount of disturbance to the liquor. An electric automatic fire-alarm is shown by Mr. F. H. Tronson, of Wellington. The apparatus consists of a single cord running round the roof or ceiling of a room or apartment it is thought necessary to protect, the end of which is fastened to an electric circuit-closer holding it back, and, in the event of a fire breaking out, directly a flame touches the cord it is parted, closing the circuit and ringing an alarm-gong, which may be placed wherever convenient. The cord is fastened to the circuit-closer with a preparation that is made to fuse at any given heat, so that, in case of a smouldering fire giving forth heat without flame, the alarm will still be given by the preparation fusing, and thus releasing the circuit-closer. Mr. D. W. McArthur, of Hokitika, shows a model of a retrograde tail-race for saving fine gold. The water and fine sand and gold are separated from the boulders and taken down by iron shoot and delivered on to a broad box underneath, thus spreading thinly over a wide surface what would otherwise be too deep to admit of fine gold settling to bottom. The whole is carried over quicksilver, if found desirable, and the mercury is kept stirred about, and consequently with a clear surface, by means of an^automatic spiked roller. Water, sand, and boulders are again brought together at foot of shoot, and all but the gold go forward in continuation of ordinary tail-race. This process will overcome the difficulty hitherto existing —namely, the loss of fine gold in sluicing. Messrs. Milner and Thompson, of Christchurch, exhibit a piano fitted with Thompson's new patent tuning apparatus, and a model showing the action, and give the following plain remarks about their method of tuning pianos : By the ordinary method of constructing pianos the strings are held by wrest pins set in wood, and tuning is effected by turning these pins backward or forward to regulate the tension and pitch of each string. Serious objections to this mode of stringing are occasioned by the insecure fastening. The hold of the string being entirely through the friction of the pin upon the wood, this becomes less and less secure the oftener the instrument is tuned. The wood on which the pin is held is also sufficiently influenced by atmospheric changes—by swelling, shrinking, Sea., with humidity or dryness of atmosphere, heat, cold, &c.—to affect seriously the pitch of the strings. From this cause arises the chief difficulty —so serious —of keeping the piano in tune. The slightest slipping of the pin in its socket, or change in its position from swelling or shrinking of the wood, is sufficient to throw the string out of tune. In the improved method of stringing introduced by E. Thompson wood is entirely dispensed with, and the tension is effected by means of screws tapped into the tin plate of the piano. By this method it will be clearly seen that the greater the strain the tighter the screw will hold. The frame is of solid metal, made strong enough to bear every possible strain upon it. The strings are fastened to this metal frame by metal fastenings. Here is no wood subject to atmospheric changes to disturb the smoothness of the temperament in an artistically-tuned piano by its expansion or contraction. The frame, strings, and their fastenings are all made of metal, and, so soon as the unavoidable stretch of the strings is overcome by some use and a few tunings, must stand with the greatest precision, rendering little further tuning-accessary. Even the slightest changes in metal by varying degrees of temperature affect the frame and strings alike, so affording compensation which holds the strings at proper pitch. The chief advantages of this system are : Firstly, that the capacity of the piano for standing in tune is greatly increased; secondly, the ease with which instruments can be tuned, owing to the extreme delicacy and precision by which the screw operates; and, thirdly, in the better
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quality of musical tones secured by the accurate holding, securing more perfect vibrations of the strings, and in a great measure dispensing with the heavy timber-frame, which greatly obstructed the action of the sound-board, whose office is not merely to reflect, but also to develop, the vibrations of the strings into full musical ones. Mr. B. M. Simpson, Wellington, exhibits a novel form of rotary pump for raising water or other liquid a considerable height with economy of power, exhibited in motion. The power required for raising 600 gallons per minute, 200 ft. high, is 40-horse-power, with from 75 to 150 revolutions per minute. Mr. Young, of Auckland, exhibits an amalgamating-pan, patented. The pulverised ore in liquid condition is passed down through the arms immersed in a bed of quicksilver. On rotating the arms the liquid pulp passes up and through the quicksilver, a mode of action never yet obtained. About 10-horse-power is required to drive the battery. To be able to send a lighter body down through another body of greater density appears, at first sight, to be contrary to natural lijws, and opposed to the law of specific gravity ; but, by the peculiar modification of the centrifugal action in this machine, it is done, and it is the fundamental principle of this amalgamator. The free gold in the pulp, coming into contact with such a large body of quicksilver, is instantly amalgamated. The mercury never flours or sickens, and not a particle is lost. Also, Young's air compressed stamp battery: The improvements which Mr. Young has introduced into the Sholl and Husband's pneumatic system are of great importance : (1.) The ponderous iron frame is replaced by a light wooden frame of a particular structure; (2) the battery is made to crush and dry as well as wet ; (3) by a certain arrangement the splashing of the gritty pulp does not interfere with the lower guide, as it does so injuriously in the Sholl and Husband's machine. And Young's stirring-vat: This is merely a contrivance for working auriferous soils, or other substances which it is required to be mixed up in a homogeneous state, by a system of revolving teeth, blades, and perforated upright boards, which can be raised or lowered at will. Mr. D. E. S. Galbraith, of Eemuera, exhibits a model of an ore-roasting furnace (quarter workingsize), illustrative of an entirely new method (chemically and mechanically) of roasting auriferous and argentiferous ores. The mechanical aim of the furnace is the suspension of finely-powdered ore therein continuously from the time of its entering the furnace until its exit therefrom, each individual particle of ore being in a state of continual motion and suspension. The chemical aim is the attacking of those suspended particles of ore when at a low-red heat (or less) by a gas or gases, at the will of the operator. The furnace is brought into operation by the use of a Wilson's or other suitable " gas-producer," such as is now almost universally used in the iron-smelting furnaces. Coal-dust (slack), sawdust, &c, being used in the manufacture of the gases wanted, these — i.e., the gases—are fed in by means of the inventor's specially-designed tuyeres, and which are constructed upon the Bunsen burner principle, so that just sufficient of the gas required for the "roasting" action desired is left unburnt. The requisite temperature is thus attained, and the base elements are acted upon by the remaining uncombined hydrogen, &c, being volatised in combination therewith. If deemed advisable, chlorine gas may be used as an adjunct ; but the inventor relies upon the hydrogen in the "water-gas" as being more potent in preparing the ore for further treatment by amalgamation or otherwise. "Clean" metallic gold and silver being the result of "hydrogen roasting." Method of working: The ore is automatically fed into the shoot in fine powder. The shoot being kept continually full of ore, the passing out of ore-dust is prevented in consequence. The fumes pass up the "jacket " of the shoot, and may be drawn through water, or received into a chamber. The shaft and connections being revolved rapidly, meanwhile the ore is thrown upward continually, and passes down through the shoots on to the saucers; and so, being again and again thrown upwards and kept in constant commotion, each particle is acted on during the whole time of its descent through the series of chambers. Immediately below each shoot three tongues of very hot and chemically active flame (really " reducing " blow-pipe flames) meet the descending particles of ore, and, by the time these particles have run the gauntlet of six such series of flames, their refractory nature will have disappeared. The perfectly " roasted" ore passes out of the bottom of the furnace into trolleys placed to receive it. The shaft is hollow, and a constant stream of water is passed through it to keep down the temperature thereof. The water is admitted at the lower end of the shaft by means of a ball- and socket-joint, upon which the shaft revolves, and is discharged at the higher end of the shaft. It is proposed to use a series of these furnaces, which it is fully expected will supersede the costly, cumbrous, and unscientific " roasting" plants now in use. This furnace has been patented in New Zealand, and a patent has been applied for in America. The working-furnace will be made of fire-clay segments, as shown by model where lined, and will then be practically portable. Mr. J. Reynolds, of Hokitika, shows a spring window-rack pulley, window-blinds, roller, and improved spring rack-pulley. The use of the spring in the rack-pulley does away with the frequent breakages of cords during the damp weather, and slackness of same during dry, by giving out or taking in, according to strain on cord. The method of attaching blind to roller is also a novelty, and consists in sawing a strip off the roller for nearly its whole length, and putting in the strip eight or more brags tacks, which are driven tight through the strip, but fit loosely in holes bored for them in the roller. When the blind is placed on the roller, the strip is placed on it, and the tacks forced into position through it (that is, the blind), the strip being fastened on by three screws through it into xhe roller, the great merit being its easy detachability, and freedom from liability to tear the blind. Captain Allman, of the Tirion Steamship Company, Dunedin, show a patent life-saving raft for sea-use. This raft is intended to be used at the time of shipwreck or collision at sea ; it is reversible, and will not collapse in any sea-way. The raft consists of two decks, separated by iron air-tight cylinders, which are subdivided into twenty-two compartments, eighteen of which are air-tight, two bread and two water, also air-tight. It has bulwarks on botli sides, which work on hinges, and can be folded for storage purposes. The bulwarks on the submerged side (it is immaterial which) may
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be lowered to act as leeboards, and drawn up when nearing shallow water. When loaded with twenty-four adults draws only2lin.i Occupies no extra space on ship's deck. Ordinary boat-davits can be used. Increases life-saving apparatus 25 per cent., and costs 50 per cent, less than an ordinary ship's lifeboat. It can be utilised for troop-ships and be towed by a steamer without danger. Steers as well as any boat. It is claimed that the raft cannot be capsized, and, even if it did so by any chance, the then uppermost side could be rigged with sails, oars, &c, thus having the advantage of being reversible. The raft is fitted with a sea-anchor, so as to heave-to in a heavy sea-way. A public trial of the raft was made on 12th July from H.M.V.S. " Lady Loch," in the presence of the Hon. the Minister of Trade and Customs, the Victorian Steam Navigation Board, and the Pilot Board. The test on all points was considered very satisfactory. This decision has since been indorsed by the official report of the Steam Navigation Board, now to hand. Mr. J. T. Hart, of Wellington, exhibits an ingenious eliminator named " Hart's course and bearing deviation-eliminator," an appliance for clearing courses and bearings by compass on shipboard of error due to deviation. Mr. T. W. Hickson, of Invercargill, exhibits mosquito-tents for beds, gardens, and verandahs. These afford perfect protection from mosquitos, fleas, bed-bugs, and every other kind of insect, without any of the inconveniences connected with ordinary mosquito-curtains. Lights, chairs, tables, and other conveniences may be introduced within the tent; so that, once inside, all the advantages of an ordinary bedroom may be enjoyed. In the bed-tent the bedstead remains outside the tent, but the mattrass and bed-clothes are all inside. Mr. W. Douslin, of Blenheim, shows a patent lock-spindle and method of attaching same to knobs, which is admitted to be the best yet manufactured. It can be adjusted to the hundredth part of an inch. It is impossible for the knobs to come off the spindle. The spindle has a thread at each end, one finer than the other, so hi adjusting the length you may turn the lyiob with the fine or coarse thread. It will be observed that the slots in the spindle are cut o"n*the reverse side, which allows it to be adjusted at every half turn with either knob. The small screw passing through the knob and slot in the spindle renders it completely secure. It is adapted to most descriptions of locks, and a child could fix it. It is very cheap ; the knob and spindle complete is being manufactured for 7d. each. Mr. D. W. McArthur, of Hokitika, exhibits an automatic safety window-fastener, so constructed as to make it impossible to be unfastened from the outside of a window. When opening the window, take the trigger between finger and thumb and draw back, lifting small catch over back of box ; then, when opening the window, this trigger is lifted automatically, and leaves " fastener " I'eady to lock window when it is again shut; the act of shutting window also securely locks same. Mr. McAlister, of Invercargill, exhibits a side-catch burglar-proof window, and it does everything almost that a window can reasonably be expected to do. And it is so docile, so obedient, so self-contained in its motive-powers, that the owner of it merely requires to press a spring to work the upper half, or to pull the same spring in order to work the lower half. But this is not all. The window may be left partly open for a warm night, and the burglar seeing it is glad. It seems to be a direct invitation for him to step inside and help himself. He catches hold of it gently with both hands to prevent any creaking, and up it goes just one single inch, when, with a click, it is as fast and as firm as the walls of the building. And you may put the controlling spring just as far from the window as you please, and there are no catches to be broken with a cold chisel or forced back by the blade of a penknife deftly inserted. There are no cords to break, no weights to provide, and the springs which control this ingenious mechanical contrivance may be carried in one's pocket, while the inventors hope to put it on the market cheaper that the ordinary window-frame. Mr. J. Caswell, of Ponsonby, exhibits " Caswell's improved incubator," for hatching eggs from hens, ducks, geese, or turkeys. The drawer for holding the eggs is 24in. long, 19in. from front to back, and 7in. deep, in the centre of which is fixed a perforated zinc tray capable of holding 150 eggs. The boiler is 24in. long, 20in. wide, and 3fin. deep, made of galvanised iron. The water is conducted into this boiler by a tube lin. in diameter. To the boiler is attached a water-gauge, fixed with a brass tube Jin. in diameter. The water-gauge is a glass tube fixed at an angle of 22-| o, which indicates the quantity of water, and so enables the caretaker to keep sufficient water in the boiler, so that the ventilating and other tubes shall not get damaged. Attached to the water-gauge are three brass taps for emptying the boiler when required. The incubator is supplied with a regulating balance-rod and capsule for regulating the heat, with thermometer made expressly for incubator. The novelties claimed: (1) The drying-box on the top side of the machine above the boiler, marked A. This drying-box is made for the purpose of placing the young chickens in to strengthen them before removal, and has already proved itself remarkable for these qualities; (2) the water-gauge, marked B, to show the quantity of water in the boiler, also for convenience of emy tying the boiler when required without interfering with the eggs; (3) the extra size of the drawer, marked C, which is capable of holding fifty eggs more than any machine now patented, and which has hatched ninety-five out of a hundred eggs; (i) the key, marked D, indicates emptying when neces* sary ; (5) general excellence for hatching throughout. Mr. George Ashcroft, of Nelson, exhibits an apparatus for crushing and pulverising quartz and other minerals, and an apparatus for amalgamating. In this ingenious machine a frictional as well as a pulverising action is exercised by free running steel balls driven by horizontal arms, which can be raised or depressed so as to produce either a crushing or a rubbing effect on the ore as required. This machine is, in fact, a mechanical pestle and mortar of great power, and from its portability and the certainty with which it exjiausts, the process of extraction is deserving of attention. Preserved Meat and Fish. As representing one of the principal meat-exporting countries in the world, the exhibits of this* kind in the New Zealand Court will attract considerable interest. Six years ago, when the refrigerating industry was first started in New Zealand, the shipment of frozen meat amounted in
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value to only a little over £19,000. In the following year this amount was increased by close upon £100,000, and the figures for 1887 show that the declared value of frozen meat exported during that year was over £450,000. In the same period the seven companies engaged in the refrigerating business treated 616,565 sheep, representing more than 30,000,0001b. of mutton, and a value of over one million sterling. The prejudice which existed at one time against frozen meat has now very much diminished, if it has not entirely disappeared; and there can be no reason why the export of artificially-preserved meat not only from New Zealand, but from the Australian Colonies as well, should not be largely extended. Some of the impediments that hampered the industry in former times have now been removed, and the opportunity for our graziers to dispose of their surplus stock, which, in the absence of bad seasons, is certain to increase to an almost unmanageable extent, is one which should not be neglected. It is possible that some change in the manner of preserving the carcases may have to be made, as chilled meat seams to bo supplanting frozen meat in public favour in Europe. But what is done in South America can also, it is presumed, be done in Australasia, and if a change is to be made it is better that it should take place forthwith. * In preserved meats the Gear Meat Preserving and Freezing Company of New Zealand (Limited) make a good display in a handsome show-case near the Avenue of Nations. The company was formed in 1882, and carries on its freezing-operations on board a hulk which lies at the company's wharf at Petone, and, when ready to be discharged, is towed into Wellington and moored alongside the steamer. During the year 1887 the company slaughtered more than 170,000 animals of all kinds, of which nearly 100,000 sheep, besides joints of mutton and of beef, were frozen. There were 250,000 tins of preserved meat, weighing over 1,000,0001b., and more than 3,000 casks of tallow, weighing about 1,000 tons, also sent out from the company's works, which manufacture in addition bone-dust, corned beef, and neatsfoot oil. The daily capacity of the company's plant for all these various operations is as follows : Killing, 1,200 sheep arid 30 bullocks ; freezing, 600 sheep ; tallow, 10 tons; preserving, 7,2001b.; bone-dust, 5 tons; neatsfoot oil, 5 gallons; sausages, 1 ton; and fellmongery, 1,200 skms. The exhibits comprise 41b., 21b., and lib. tins of assorted and compressed meats and soups, and some of the casks used in packing tallow and beef for shipment. Messrs. Foster and Gosling, of Blenheim, show a number of tins of beef and mutton, and, in addition, game and other delicacies such as duck and green peas, whitebait and stewed eels. Messrs. Kirkpatrick and Co., of Nelson, also display various kinds of game, among which are tins of roast quail, each containing two whole birds ready for eating, which can be served up hot byboiling for twenty minutes before opening the tin. The New Zealand Frozen Meat and Storage Company (Limited), of Auckland, exhibit, in addition to 354 tins of preserved meats, samples of sulphuric acid, and some chemical manures manufactured by them. The Wanganui Meat-preserving Company (Limited) have also a small display of preserved meats and soups ; and the Western Packing and Canning Company, Patea, exhibit a pyrimidal trophy of canned meats and tierced beef. There are also several exhibits of preserved fish, among which may be noticed some New Zealand grey-mullet, preserved by Messrs. Ewing and Co., of Battley, Kaipara; kippered moki, preserved lobsters, and smoked fish, from Messrs. N. Fernandos and Co., of Wellington ; and canned oysters and other varieties of fish, sent by Messrs Eobertson Brothers, of Stewart Island. Mention has already been made of the admirable exhibit of food-fishes, which is shown in a large case fronting the Victorian Court. In addition to those varieties of sea-fishes, with many of which we are familiar on the coasts of Australia, there are shown on a separate sheet of glass several varieties af the salmon order which have been acclimatised in New Zealand w raters, including the brook-trout, Scotch burn trout, Loch Leven trout, and different kinds of salmon-trout. From Hector's "Handbook of New Zealand," we learn that the fishes found in the seas of that country correspond with the characteristic forms of the southern European coasts, and resemble those met with between Maderia and the Bay of Biscay more than those caught round the coast of Scotland. Of 208 fishes found in British seas only forty are considered to be of any marketable value, while, out of 192 kinds known in New Zealand, 33, or nearly as many, are used for food. Much has been done in New Zealand to encourage the fishing-industry, and already several large establishments for fish-canning and -curing have sprung up on various parts of the coast. Beers. The exhibits of beers and fermented drinks belonging to this court are kept down below in the cellars, where they will probably not be visited by many people except those directly interested in them. The success, however, achieved in New Zealand beers in the competition lately held may serve to direct attention to the brewing-industry of the country. Although, on this occasion, the first prize has gone to Auckland, the chief centre of this industry should be certainly in the south, where the cool climate, together with certain properties in the water found there, render it peculiarly suited for brewing-operations. Owing to the former characteristic, the use of ice-making machines is dispensed with in the Dunedin breweries, and ordinary refrigerators only are employed for cooling purposes. The hops used in the manufacture of the beer are grown chiefly in Nelson, though Bavarian and Kent hops are also occasionally imported. The best barley comes from Canterbury and Nelson, and a Cape barley lately introduced and grown in the North Island is also coming Into favour, as it is not liable to mould on the floor in malting, and so is specially suitable for a hot climate. The quantity of beer brewed annually in New Zealand amounts to about 7,000 hogsheads. Os trick-farming . New Zealand, whose settlers have shown so much enterprise with other live stock, and who have been so remarkably successful in the work of acclimatisation, is not without its ostrich-farm. It might have been supposed that the country would probably be too cold for the birds; but on the 4—H. 23.
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plains near Canterbury Mr. J. T. Matson has made the experiment, and, so far, successfully. His original stock of birds has rapidly,incKeased in number to thirty-five, and from the first crop of . feathers some of the finest were sent to Bond Street, in London, and, having been made up into fans, were presented to the Queen and the Princess of Wales. Some very fine specimens, both dressed and in the natural state, will be found in the New Zealand Court. The soil of the Canterbury plains, where these birds are kept, is very light, with a heavy bed of shingle underneath, and the average rainfall is not more than 24in. for the year. Mr. Matson estimates that, even should he get no higher price than two shillings for each of the twenty-five white feathers upon each wing, ostrich-farming will yield a good profit. Mineral Deposits. _ New Zealand is very rich in metalliferous deposits. Possessing a liberal share of all the metals found abundantly in Australia, it produces also iron and many valuable ores in payable quantities which on the Continent are but rarely found, and when discovered turned to but small account. No iron-mines have yet been worked in New Zealand, but extensive tracts of black ironsand on the West Coast have been tested, and found to prodnce such high-grade results that companies have been formed both in England and in the colony to manufacture steel direct therefrom. The New Zealand Steel and Iron Company (Limited) is now at work at Onehunga for the purpose of making-bar iron from this sand, and propose to claim a bonus offered by the Government for the manufacture of 200 tons of wrought-iron blooms. Until quite recently the New Zealand iron-trade was allowed to languish, notwithstanding its splendid possibilities; but anterior to the year 1870 the records show that it had been conducted with some activity and profit. Messrs. T. and S. Morrin and Co., of- Auckland, show a very nice sample of iron-ore obtained from a spot a hundred miles from that city, and Messrs. Washboume and Sous, of Parapara, Nelson, exhibit iron-oxide paints, prepared from ironstone. These pigments have a covering power more than three times that of lead, and, besides possessing greater durability than ordinary colours, are stated to be fire-resisting. Included with the varied collection of rocks and fossils shown by the Geological Survey Department are samples of both metallic and non-metallic minerals, and minerals in large blocks. The Mines Department also exhibit specimens of ores and minerals. Chrome ore, which is a mixture of chromic iron and alumina, associated with magnesian rock, has been largely exported from Nelson. It is used for making brilliant yellow dyes, and for the manufacture of salts of chromic acid. Up to the year 1866 the value of the ore shipped to various parts of the world was £37,367, but since then the trade has languished. Manganese ores, used for the generation of chlorine for bleaching purposes, are plentiful. These also have been largely exported from the Bay of Islands. In 1879 over £8,338 worth was shipped away, and their exportation is still continued, but not with the vigorous enterprise which formerly characterised the trade. The Lammerlaw Antimony Company, of Lawrence, New Zealand, furnish specimens of antimony ore obtained from their property. Both antimony and zinc deposits are obtainable of good quality in many parts of the Islands. Plumbago or black-lead, largely used in the manufacture of lead pencils and other commercial commodities, has been discovered at Waikura Creek, Waimate. Mineral Oils. The exhibit mentioned in the catalogue as shown by the South Pacific Petroleum Company, of Gisborne, New Zealand, of crude petroleum, obtained from the scene of their operations, as well as dye products manufactured by them, and photographs of the company's works, did not appear to have been sent, unless it was included in the exhibit of crude and refined oils in tin:: Now South Wales Court. Some very fine mineral oils have been found in New Zealand, principally in the Taranaki, Poverty Bay, and Waiapu districts. In the former locality petroleum oozes from cracks in trachyte-breccia rock, bat no steady supply could be obtained until lately. In the same vicinity a valuable lubricating oil is produced. At Poverty Bay the natural oil contains a high percentage of paraffin, and is of high illuminating power, and the oil, after three distillations, yields a product of the same specific gravity and illuminating properties as common kerosene. Mineral Springs. Messrs. Hancock and Co., of Auckland, agent for the Te Aroha Soda- and Mineral-water Company (Limited), exhibit Te Aroha mineral water aerated, in bottles, which may bo used for ordinary drinking or medicinal purposes. This liquid is obtained from the celebrated springs situate about 120 miles from Auckland, which are such a favourite resort of Australian tourists during the summer months. The industry is described to be only in its infancy, the company having lately started operations on obtaining a lease of the springs from the Government for ten years. The waters are said to have similar qualities to those of Vichy and Ems, in Europe, and by analysis are proved to be quite equal to them in strenth. New Zealand is singularly rich in streams of water that hold mineral salts in solution, and it is surprising that, long before this, a good export trade in this has not been established. Building-materials. The fine building-stone which is found in New Zealand is well known. 'For sometime a stoneimporting and a stone-cuttmg^ompany, who get their material from that country, has been carrying on a good, business in Melbourne. The New Zealand Court contains several exhibits of the product, including a beautiful trophy, shown by Mr. J. Cooper, of Wairoa, Plawke's Bay, embracing wrought-carved, inscribed, and gilded monumental stone, and a noble block of white Mount Somers stone, shown by Mr. W. Stocks, of Christchurch. Although la,vas and scorias are frequently found
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in the North Island, strange to say no specimens of lava mantel-pieces, such as tho Italians make so well, are shown. This work sutely might be profitably taken in hand in the future. The same remark applies to marble manufactures. In the South Island the purest form of statuary marble is obtainable amongst the gneiss and hornblende schists of the West Coast; but it seems to be little worked, although a most valuable article of export, even in an undressed state. Lithographic limestones and pure chalks are also abundant. Messrs. Wilson and Co., of Auckland, exhibit hydraulic lime and lime-concrete. Natural cement-stones occur frequently in the lower part of tho marine tertiaary strata of New Zealand equal in many cases to those which are burnt in Europe for the manufacture of hydraulic cement. Four or five large cement-works are established in the colony, which will soon not only supply the local demand, but also export to other parts of the world. Auriferous Ores. * The mining exhibits of the New Zealand Court are not all exposed to view in one compartment; most of them are arranged in the Mining Court proper ; but in the base of the gold trophy, already described as at the entrance to the court facing the Avenue of Nations, is a very complete representative display of samples of alluvial gold and. vein-gold from the various goldfields, exhibited by the Geological Survey Department. On the top shelf is shown, under a microscope, a specimen of slate showing fine gold, and several samples of quartz from Collingwood, the Thames, &c, are distributed on each side of it. On tho second shelf more auriferous stone is shown, together with two samples of pure gold, and a number of small parcels of gold-dust. The third shelf contains twenty-eight samples of gold-dust from Southland, Otago, Clyde, Thames, Cobden, Nelson, Lake, Moeraki, Westland, Shotover, Wellington, and Terawhiti. On the next shelf thirty-four samples of gold-dust from Westport, Otago (Arrow Biver), Mount Benger, Wakaniarma, Nelson, Shotover, Coromandel, Waiau, Westland, etc.- This exhibit would have been highly instructive had it been possible to give the fineness of each sample of gold-dust. As regards the auriferous-quartz gangues, most of them are of a greyish-white or dark smoky colour, and have a seamy or laminated structure ; for instance, from the Karaka Creek, at the Thames, and from Arrow, Lyell, Mangahua, Inangahua, Devil's Creek, and Fieefton, in the south. In a separate glass-case a few quartzspecimens containing a little gold are exhibited by the Reefton committee. In another case are auriferous vein-stones exhibited by the Mines Department. Those from the veins of Nil Desperandum, Keep-it-Dark, The Globe, Sir Francis Drake, Golden Fleece, Just-in-Time,, Welcome, and Inangahua all show, in a greater or lesser degree, the characteristic neutral tint or smoky colour of the Eeefton reef. Of greater interest, however, than the above samples, are the following— viz., a broken-up quartz-gangue cemented with iron pyrites from Karaka Creek ; auriferous quartz and galena from the Silver Crown, Thames; auriferous quartz and stignite from Inangahua, Nelson ; -auriferous refractory ore from the Mary Queen mine, containing also silver, copper, and zinc ; and gold-bearing stone with native silver from the Te Aroha and New Find names, Auckland. The stone from the latter mines deserves special mention, because, besides gold and silver, it contains tellurium. This would seem to indicate that the vein-stone from the Te Aroha mines may contain graphic tellurium (" sylvanite"), which is one of the chief gold-ores of the district of Offenbanya, in Transylvania. Coal. To make comparisons may be at times out of place, but it is certainly not so, nor is it to be thought invidious to do so with regard to the highly-interesting and, in some cases, magnificent display of the representative mining exhibits shown in various, but especially in the Australian, courts; for, while at the first outset in rambling through them it is evident that, with regard to coal, shale, and all the splendid exhibits connected therewith, as well as with respect to those representing the silver-mining interest, the first rank must be given to the Colony of New South Wales, yet to Victoria is to be assigned the premier position with reference to the quantity of gold raised; and Tasmania may rightly claim the first position in Australia as, at present, the largest tin-ore producing and smelting colony. Again, several years ago South Australia might undoubtedly have been unrivalled with regard to its exhibits representing the quantity of copper-ore raised and smelted, for, amongst others in the court, the names of Burra and Kapunda remind us of prosperous times gone by in that branch of mining. Still the exhibit of the ore from the Moonta and Wallaroo mines betokens the existence of rich cupriferous ores in the southern district, while the exhibits of the Northern Territory point to that of an extensive metalliferous area in that part of the country. Adverting to the last two colonies forming the Australian group —namely, Queensland and New Zealand—notwithstanding that in their respective courts the exhibits shown do not excel in any particular part of mineral production, nevertheless there is abundant evidence foreshadowing the race or rivalry that will take place between New Zealand, Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria with regard to coal-mining; and between Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria as to the greatest production of gold ; and between Queensland and Tasmania relative to the quantity of tin-ore to be obtained and smelted. In the New Zealand Court (New Zealand Catalogue, No. 385) a trophy, built with coal obtained from the Brunner Coal Company's 12ft. thick seam, has been erected. It is surrounded at the base with large lumps of coal and fire-clay, and the apex is composed of very good silvery-white coke. Smaller exhibits of coal from Collingwood and from the West Coast mines in the South Island, and from Waikato in the Nortl% Island, illustrate so far the development of the coal-mining industry which has taken place in the colony. (1.) From the Collingwood Coal Company's mine loose lumps of good bituminous coal are stacked in a heap. It is described as a splendid coal for gas-making. (New Zealand Catalogue, No. 388.)
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(2.) The Kilgour and Tyneside Colliery, Brunnerton, Grey Eiver, shows lumps of coal from the 16ft. seam, and also a pile of a good- quality of coko. (Catalogue, No. 394.) (3.) The Coal Creek Company, which adjoins the Brunswick Company's section, are working two seams, one 6ft. and the second 10ft. in thickness. (Catalogue, No. 387.) (4.) The Kaitangata Eailway and Coal Company exhibit a solid block of coal without any bands or partings, measuring 4ft. square by sft. in height. (Catalogue, No. 395.) (5.) The Bay of Islands Coal Company show a good sample of coal from their colliery, in which the thickness of the seam which they are working is from 10ft. to 17ft. (Catalogue, No. 386.) (6.) From the Waikato a block of pitch-coal, measuring 2ft. by 4ft. by sft., has been sent. (Catalogue, No. 408.) The diagrams attached to these exhibits and the special catalogue of the New Zealand Court supply much valuable information, and in connection with, this subject a collection of forty-four samples of coal has been prepared by the Geological Department, giving, in a tabulated form, the description of the coal-samples, the name of the locality from where they were obtained, the geological formation of the strata in which the seams are found, and, in each case, a chemical analysis; and also their evaporative powers or the actual number of pounds of water converted into steam by lib. of coal. For the purpose of still further calling the attention of the visitors to this court to the importance and value of the coal-regions of the .colony, apart from a large topographical relief-map, several other maps of New Zealand are exhibited. The most important ones referring to this subject are— (1.) A large geological relief-map ; scale, lin. to 4 miles horizontal, lin. to 6,000 ft. vertical; (2.) A geological map, dated 1888 ; scale, 12 miles to an inch; on which have been marked the localities where mineral ores have been .found; (3.) The tracings of a sheet geological.map, on Jin. scale ; and (4.) Geological maps of the Grey Eiver, Buller, and Collingwood Coalfields. These maps show thf; distribution and the area of the extensive coal-regions that are. being at present energetically developed (during 1887, New Zealand Catalogue, the total consumption of coal in the colony was 528,620 tons), and also on perusing the references noted on the chart (2), as well as sundry official reports presented for reference on this subject, that the geological age of the formation in which the above-mentioned coal-seam occurs is stated to belong to that of the cretaceo-tertiary. Numerous impressions of fossil-plants, &c, certainly of great interest to the student, which were obtained from the strata of the coal-measures, amongst which are remarkable the typical and characteristic fossil-plants, according to Daintree, of the Taeniopteris genus, are all exhibited, together with fossil-shells, under the classification of cretaceo-tertiary formation. [Approximate Cost of Fewer.— Preparation, nil : printing (1,700 copies), £21 7s.]
Authority: Geokge Didßeuey, Government Printer, Wellington.—lBB9.
SHOWING ARRANGEMENT of the N.Z. COURT.— AT THE CENTENNIAL INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION. MELBOURNE. 1888.
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CENTENNIAL INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION AT MELBOURNE, 1888 (REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMISSIONERS ON THE)., Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1889 Session I, H-23
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27,113CENTENNIAL INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION AT MELBOURNE, 1888 (REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMISSIONERS ON THE). Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1889 Session I, H-23
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