LUNATIC ASYLUMS OF THE COLONY (REPORTS ON, FOR 1881).

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1882 Session I, H-09

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1882. NEW ZEALAND.

LUNATIC ASYLUMS OF THE COLONY (REPORTS ON, FOR 1881).

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His JEotxellency.

Mr. L. W. Lovedat to the Undee-Secretart. Sir, — I have the honor, in submitting the annual report for this department for the year 1881, for the information of the Colonial Secretary, to inform you that, in consequence of the death of the late Inspector-General, Dr. Skae, and in the absence of his successor, the Colonial Secretary directed that a report should be obtained from the Deputy-Inspectors and Superintendents of the lunatic asylums in the colony, for the purpose of laying the same before Parliament. Agreeably to that request the following reports have been furnished. Dr. King, having only been in charge for one month (December), does not make a report on the Wellington Asylum, but Dr. Neill (now Medical Superintendent of the Dunedin Lunatic Aslyum), who was Medical Superintendent for five months of the year, gives a short report for the time he was in charge. I consider it but right that attention should be drawn to certain matters which have been alluded to in some of the reports, and which, if allowed to pass without any comment from the department, would lead to the supposition that the Government had taken no action whatever regarding the subjects to which they allude. Mr. J. Mackay, the Deputy-Inspector of the Wellington Asylum, in his report, says, "Such publications at the Graphic, the Illustrated London News, Punch, and Home and local newspapers would, I fancy, be more likely to attract attention. No doubt some philanthropic people would gladly supplement these, were it known they would be acceptable." I may state that ever since 1877 both the Graphic and Illustrated London News have been supplied to the institution, and, with regard to the local newspapers, I may state that the proprietors of the New Zealand Times and Evening Post have always kindly supplied copies of their respective newspapers gratuitously to the institution. The asylum has also a large library, and the patients can get books out of it if they ask for them. It would perhaps be as well to order an extra number of each of the illustrated papers named. With regard to the absence of fiax-mattrasses in the female department, Dr. King purposes trying Rowcliff's patent spring-mattrasses, a number of which have been ordered, and which are daily expected to arrive. Should the result be favourable, it is intended to ask the Colonial Secretary to allow these sort of mattrasses to supersede both the flax ones in the male side and the straw ones in the female side. With regard to Dr. Neill's remarks in reference to a difficulty existing " in preparing the average annual cost per head of the patients in this [Wellington] asylum, from the absence of information on the subject of payments made through the Public Trustee, as no payments pass through the books of the asylum," I may state that, with regard to the annual cost per patient, this has always been shown in the Appendix (Table 16) ; and, with regard to no payments passing through the asylum-books, I may state that provision is made in the Lunacy Bill now before Parliament, section 39, giving Superintendents power to collect maintenance-money in future, instead of the Public Trustee as at present. With regard to the nuisance complained of by Mr. Gribben, the Superintendent of the Hokitika Asylum, being caused by the effluvia from the slaughter-yards, I have to inform you that directly the Colonial Secretary received Mr. Gribben's letter on the subject he wrote to his Worship the Mayor, and from the reply received it will be seen that it is doubtful whether the nuisance was really caused by the slaughter-yard. The following is a copy of the resolution passed by the Board, and sent to the Colonial Secretary : " That the Local Board of Health, having visited the slaughter-yards in company with their Health Officer, fail to discover any nuisance arising from the slaughter-yard, and have the belief that any effluvia arising in the vicinity is from the land at the rear of the yards, which is swampy, and has been used as a run for swine for many years." The Health Officer, Dr. Rossetti, in his report to the Board, says, " It must be remembered that all the effluvia complained of does not arise from the slaughter-yard alone, but from the swamp, the atmosphere prevailing round which is damp, thick, and laden with miasma, which would be greatly improved by cutting two parallel drains on each side of Lance Street to meet Boundary Street." There is no doubt that Mr. Gribben had good grounds for making the complaint, and it is to be hoped that the Board of Health will see their way to carry out Dr. Rossetti's suggestion to abate th§ nuisance, if this has not already been done.

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With reference to the remarks made by the Deputy-Inspector and Medical Superintendent of the Christchurch Asylum regarding the central block, I may state that the plans, &c, for this work have now been sent in, and, as an amount has been placed for the proposed works on the Estimates, there is no doubt that it will very soon be duly authorised and proceeded with. Referring to the Deputy-Inspector's remarks regarding "any practicable outcome" of his reports on water-supply, fire-prevention, and drainage, I may state that these matters are all being acted upon. The matter of drainage has been a considerable time under consideration, but a definite decision cannot be come to till it is ascertained whether the proposals recommended can be made to work in with the general drainage scheme of the district. A fire-engine has been ordered and shipped ; and a seven-horse-power steam-engine has also been sent down for such use as may be decided upon. Dr. Hacon, in alluding to the salaries paid to his attendants, remarks, that "their remuneration is not equal to that given to prison warders," the fact being that the attendants are supplied with free rations, which is not the case with gaol warders. Referring to the Nelson water-supply, a scheme is now before the Colonial Secretary to give the asylum an unfailing supply throughout the year, and a sum has been placed on the Estimates for this service. Referring to the remark made by Dr. Haeon that " Care should be taken to prevent the immigration of imbeciles and persons discharged from Home asylums," and recommending that "not only should careful inquiry i|s to possibility of former attack of insanity or hereditary taint be made, but on arrival here all imbeciles or lunatics should be at once noticed, and steps taken to return them," I may state that instructions were issued to Superintendents to take immediate action, under the Imbecile Passengers Acts, on the admission of a lunatic from shipboard. Tou ai'e aware that, in every case reported, action has been taken, and the necessary bond entered into, as provided by the above-quoted Acts. The captain of a ship landing an imbecile or lunatic passenger cannot be compelled to take such a passenger back; and if he did take him back the chances are he would be compelled by the authorities at Home to contribute towards the maintenance of such imbecile or lunatic. There were on the Ist January, 1881, 7-9 males and 395 females; total 1,124: of these, 188 males and 101 females were admitted for the first time, 44 males and 23 females were readmitted; making the total number admitted during the year, 232 males and 127 females The total number under care during the same period was 960 males and 522 females = 1,482. Of the discharges, 93 males and 65 females were discharged as " recovered "; 41 males and 36 females were discharged as " relieved"; and 8 males and 1 female as " not improved ". Deaths, 49 males and 14 females. The total number discharged and died was 191 males and 116 females, leaving at 31st December, 769 males and 406 females in the asylums of the colony. The average number resident during the year was 748 males and 388 females. The increase of patients over the year 18S0 was 40 males and 10 females=so. Two very pleasing features are noticeable in the report, viz., that the amount paid for maintenance last year was £1,393 10s. greater than that paid in 1880; and that the four asylums which showed an increase in the cost per patient in 18.0 all show a considerable decrease in 1881. There is only one asylum (Napier), which shows an increase last year; this is due to sundry necessary expenses which had to be incurred for the benefit and comfort of the patients confined therein. I have, &c, L. W. Lovedat, The Under-Secretary. (for the Inspector.)

AUCKLAND. Beport by Mr. Thos. Macffarlane, Deputy-Inspector. Auckland, 31st January, 1882. The number of the inmates during the year 1881 was 253, being one more than during the previous year, and during the same period 9 were discharged in excess of the number in the preceding year. In regard to the question of admission, I would venture to suggest that greater care should be taken in sending inmates to the asylum than has hitherto been done, as many patients are sent to asylums who ought not to be so —sent that their relatives may be relieved of ihe trouble and expense of keeping them at home. As stated by Dr. Young, one patient—a female —was sent in " from a scarlatina bed, with the cuticles peeling off in large flakes," and, had not great care been taken, the disease might have spread over all the patients; she only survived eight days. Another patient was sent in in consequence of a family quarrel, and was discharged in a few days; and there were other cases of a similar nature, all showing that more care ought to be exercised than has hitherto been done. During the past year there was a case of suicide by a female patient: it took place about midnight; she tore up her sheet and made a rope of it, by which she suspended herself from a rafter in the roof. No blame was attached to any one, the night-nurse having seen her all right within an hour of the catastrophe, and only saw what had taken place on her next round. Another female patient died from having, in some unaccountable way, swallowed a button, which stuck in her throat, and was only discovered at the post-mortem examination. With these and a few other minor exceptions everything has gone on smoothly and satisfactorily but the great overcrowding in both departments renders it difficult to prevent accidents, and most certainly interferes with the health and longevity of the patients. This matter really requires immediate attention. The accomodation in the house is only for 157, while there are 253 crowded into it —30 being in the chapel, the clerk has to sleep in his office, the head attendant in the Superintendent's office, the cook in the pantry, six male attendants and laundress in patients' single rooms, while all the passages and day-rooms are crowded with shakedowns. The suggestion which has been made to erect a wooden building on the farm which would contain all the working patients, would in a great measure relieve this overcrowding of the asylum, and this matter should also receive immediate attention, as the heat at the asylum is very disturbing and detrimental to the patients during the hot summer months.

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I had recently an opportunity of seeing the asylums in Dunedin, Seacliff, Sunnyside, and Wellington, but although some of them are crowded enough, yet in no case is the crowding so bad as here. While in Wellington I was informed that it had been decided to erect this building, and I earnestly hope it may be done at once.* The farm-overseer and family live at present in a very miserable wooden house, old and filled with all sorts of vermin. While erecting the proposed new buildings, a very little additional expense would enable a house to be added to said building, and supply the present want. The females were removed to the Whau in October last—the males having been removed previously to the new wing. Since the arrival of the females, the accommodation in the kitchen is utterly inadequate for present requirements, and suggestions have been made whereby existing defects may be remedied, and the cooking done by steam and gas. The expense of the alterations would not be much, and if instructions were given to the Public Works Department here the matter would be attended to in a very short time. And, while attending to these matters, instructions might also be given to the department to erect the workshops previously suggested; there is nothing of the kind on the premises. A plain wooden building in the hollow behind the asylum, capable of accommodating a carpenter, shoemaker, aud tailor, a room each, and a straw-house near it, is all that is necessary to accomplish the object in view, and I hope this will be done. The new laundry is proving a great benefit to the asylum; all the washing can now be done with the greatest ease, and much better than under the old system. The drying-room, however, is not acting so well as was anticipated; but the architect's attention has been called to the matter, and he is doing all he can to remedy the defect referred to. Prom 60 to 65 females work —20 in the laundry, 23 at needlework, and about 20 at general housework. The confinements to the airing-court have been very few, and none have been locked up. The erections for the gasoline are nearly completed, and it is expected to be in working order within a month. The stores are carefully looked after by the Clerk and Storekeeper, and all the records of the asylum are carefully kept. Tenders have been called for the additional furniture and bedding, but nothing further has been done. Divine service is held every Sabbath and every Wednesday afternoon: about 80 males and 24 females attend the first, and about 50 males and 20 females the second. Since the women went out to the Whau, fortnightly entertainments have been given, attended by about 100 of both sexes. Nothing has yet been done to start a library, which is much required. The operations on the farm have been carried on steadily and satisfactorily. About 100 or so of the males generally assist in outdoor work ; of these, 30 usually work on the farm ; 10 in the garden; 24 in the grounds, keeping them in order; 8 cutting firewood; 1 in the kitchen ; and 26 indoor, cleaning, bed-making, and helping in wards. The result of the operations on the farm is much more favourable than was expected. This will be seen by a perusal of the balance-sheet, which shows a clear profit of £321 3s. lOd. The asylum used vegetables to the amount of £255 7s. IOJd., and potatoes, £92 7s. lid, ; total, £347 15s. 9|d. The crop of potatoes and vegetables now in the ground looks very promising. Additional ground is being already reclaimed and fenced in, and shortly we shall be able, after supplying our own wants, to sell a large quantity of produce; and it is worthy of consideration whether or not the hospital and stockade might not be supplied from this farm. The piggery has turned out a great success; we have been fortunate in getting a good stock of pigs—perhaps the best breed in the colony ; and every one could be sold at high prices. Of course we only kill those that are of an inferior class, but good eating. With the exception of the few cases mentioned in the report of the Medical Superintendent, the health of the inmates during the past year has been very fair: the healthy position of the asylum, notwithstanding its crowded state, and the pleasant walks through the grounds and farm, contribute largely to this result; and, when the additional accommodation shall be secured, the health of the patients will be greatly improved. All the officers of the institution, the Medical Superintendent, Matron, attendants, and Parmpverseer have discharged their respective duties in a highly satisfactory manner.

Beport by Alexander Young, M.D., Medical Superintendent. Auckland, January, 1882. The number of inmates resident at the end of the year was only one more than at the beginning, viz., at Ist January, 252; at 31st December. 253. The average number resident during the year was 172 males and 75 females, as against 164 males and 70 females in 1880. The reason of this small increase is not so much due to the diminution in the number of admissions, as to the much larger proportion of discharges and deaths. In 1880 there were 85 admissions, 46 discharges, and 16 deaths, giving an increase for the year of 23; the corresponding numbers in 1881 were 78 admissions, 55 discharges, and 22 deaths, leaving only an increase of 1. The percentage of readmissions on the admissions was 32'20, against 2500 the previous year. No very satisfactory reason can be given for the small number of admissions this year as compared with last. Only one patient was admitted under the 15th section of the Lunatics Act; all the others, except those transferred from the "gaol, were received under the 11th section, that is, they were brought before Justices by the police. In a great many of these cases there did not seem much reason for this course, except perhaps the desire to allow the State to pay the necessary expenses. There is just as much safety against improper admissions under the 15th section, the only difference being that in the former case the medical certificates are sworn to. The certifying medical men are in both instances the real persons who get the patients placed under restraint, and whether they are put on oath or not makes no difference in their legal responsibility.

* Provision is made on the Estimates for this buiiding.

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One female was admitted from a scarlatina bed, with the cuticle peeling off in large flakes fortunately the disease did not spread to the other inmates. She was semi-comatose, and evidently moribund when received, only survived eight days, and never recovered her consciousness. Another patient, a male, only lived ten days after admission; he was also fatally ill at the time, but, unlike the former case, was in a condition of acute mania, totally unfit to have been taken care of in a private house. The percentage of recoveries on the admissions for the year was —males, 44'89; females, 48'27: total, 4615 —against, males, 42'37; females, 5769: total, 47'5, in the previous year. The proportion of unrecovered patients discharged was very much greater this year than last. The numbers were —2040 per cent, of males, 31'30 of females; total, 24'41—as against 338 males, 1538 females ; or a total of 7'59, the previous year. The percentage of deaths on the average number resident was —males, 930; females, 8'00; total, 890 —against, males, 9 67; females, 101: total, 5'09, in 1880. One death occured from suicide, the particulars of which have already been fully reported to you. Another was from the presence of a foreign body in the windpipe; the patient was ill for a few days with symptoms of inflammation of the larynx. She died suddenly during the night, although not altogether unexpectedly, as her case was considered serious from the first. At the post-mortem examination a button was found in the larynx, firmly wedged, but not in such a position as to totally obstruct the entrance of air; it had probably got into that position during an epileptic seizure. Two cases were moribund on admission, surviving respectively eight and ten days; they have already been referred to. Of the others, nine were of patients over fifty years old, one of whom was a paralyzed old man of seventy-four, whose relatives kept him at home till he got helpless enough to require nursing, when he was sent to the asylum, where he only lived three months, during that time being quite harmless, merely suffering from physical debility and mental decay, the result of old age The male patients were moved into the new wing on the 27th July, without turmoil or confusion. The females were brought from the old hospital in Auckland on the 10th October: the removal was effected in one day, and without casualty. It seems unnecessary to rewrite all that has al-ready been written on the subject of the overcrowding in this asylum. I shall therefore merely point out that in the male department there were, on the 31st December, 174 patients occupying premises built only for 107; in the female side there were 79 patients in a space intended for 50 only. The overcrowding may be partly understood when it is stated that the clerk has to sleep in his office, the head attendant in the Superintendent's office, the cook in the pantry-, six male attendants and the laundress in patients' single rooms ; that the chapel is occupied by thirty beds, and that shakedowns have to be resorted to in the passages and day-rooms; even one of the Superintendent's apartments has been turned into a patients' dormitory. After consultation with the late Inspector of Asylums, and by his direction, a proposition to erect a one-storeyed wooden building on the farm, capable of holding about sixty quiet, industrious patients, was submitted to you, and met with approval. If still approved of, this building ought, if possible, to be erected without delay. Since the female patients came to the Whau the inadequacy of the means of cooking has been very manifest. A suggestion has been already made to you to have the opinion of an officer of the Public Works Department as to the possibility, cost, &c, of so altering the arrangements in the kitchen as to have the cooking done by steam and gas ; the urgency of this will be excuse for my again mentioning it. A very serious disadvantage in this asylum is the want of workshops for male patients. There is no reason why there should be elaborate or expensive buildings—a wooden shed erected on the grounds at a little distance from the main building, with one or two rooms, and a straw-house attached, would answer every purpose. The laundry which was erected during the year was ready for use when the females were removed from Auckland, and in it all the washing has since been done with the greatest ease, and far better than before. The drying closet has, unfortunately, so far, turned out a failure. The attention of the architect has been called to it, and he is endeavouring to have it set right. It is to be hoped he will succeed, as in wet weather some means of drying wet clothes is an absolute necessity. It is expected that the asylum will be lighted throughout with gasoline in about a month; the necessary work is now in progress.* Various most beneficial alterations have been made in the drainage during the year; several further improvements are still needed. The general health of the inmates was, as a rule, good. A slight epidemic of erysipelas occured in the male department, the Superintendent was first mildly attacked, afterwards six patients took the disease, which in all cases but one was very mild: this case was that of a man, aged sixty-four years, whose life was despaired of for some days; he not only got well of erysipelas, however, but was afterwards discharged quite sane. The disease was prevalent at the time in Auckland, so that there does not seem to be any ground for attributing the outbreak to causes within the asylum. The usual number of male patients more or less usefully employed was, in fine weather, from 100 to 110 ; of these, 30 worked on the farm, 10 in the kitchen-garden, 24 in the grounds, 8 at cutting firewood, 7in the kitchen, and 26 indoors, cleaning, bed-making, helping in the wards, &c. The usual number of females employed was from 60 to 65 ; of these, about 20 worked in the laundry on washing-days, 23 at needle-work, and about 20 at general house-work. The rest of the patients, except those sick or too excited, went out for a walk over the farm daily, weather permitting. Only about 10 males and 1 or 2 females were confined to the airing-courts for exercise throughout the day. Divine service was held twice weekly, on Sunday and Wednesday. The numbers attending were — about 80 males, 24 females, on Sundays; from 45 to 55 males, and from 20 to 25 females, on Wednesdays. A fortnightly entertainment was begun after the arrival of the women from Auckland, at which about 55 male and 35 female patients usually attended. In making out the farm balance-sheet the same rules as in the previous year were followed, that is, no account has been taken of growing crops. All articles on the contractor's list, as potatoes and

* This has been done and the asylum is lighted throughout with gas made on the premises.

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butter, are estimated at contract rate, milk at the price paid before the acquisition of the farm. The other vegetables, of which a return showing the actual quantities consumed in the asylum is given, are estimated at a very low rate. The proprietors of the New Zealand Herald and Auckland Free Press were kind enough to supply, free of charge, regularly, several copies of their papers; these, together with the illustrated periodicals subscribed for by your authority, constitute the only reading matter which reaches the inmates, except occasional gifts of illustrated papers. A library is much needed, and could be started at a very trifling cost. The officers and attendants have, as a rule, carried out their very irksome duties in a cheerful and efficient manner.

Balance-sheet, Pahm and Garden Account, from Ist January, 1881, to 31st December, 1881. Db. £ s. d. Cb. £ a. d. Value of stock hand, Ist January, 1881, — Stock on hand, &c, 31st December, 1881, —■ 15 cows ... ... ... ... 135 0 0 14 cows and 1 bull ... ... ... 135 0 0 5 calves ... ... ... ... 14 10 0 Heifer ... ... ... ... 6 0 0 Horse ... ... ... ... 15 0 0 2 calves, at £3 10s. ... ... ... 7 0 0 20 pigs ... ... ... ... 33 0 0 6 calves, at £2... ... ... ... 12 0 0 20 tons hay ... ... ... ... 60 0 0 Calf ... ... ... ... 012 6 Implements ... ... ... ... 39 12 0 Mare and foal ... ... ... 16 0 0 Dairy utensils ... ... ... ... 8 6 6 55 pigs ... ... ... ... 76 5 0 Stable utensils ... ... ... ... 016 6 Implements ... ... ... ... 55 0 0 Harness ... ... ... ... 12 0 0 Dairy utensils... ... ... ... 900 Household articles ... ... ... 6 15 6 Stable utenßils,.. ... ... ... 0 16 6 Cash paid for stock, &c, Ist January to 31st Harness ... ... ... ... 10 0 0 December, 1881, — Household articles ... ... ... 7 0 0 Stock ... ... ... ... 32 17 6 Cash received for stock and produce sold, — Implements ... ... ... ... 30 0 2 Pigs ... ... ... ... ... 14 11 0 Seeds, &c. ... ... ... ... 31 12 3 Cows, calves, &c. ... ... ... 22 19 0 Manure ... ... ... ... 9 7 0 Horse ... ... ... ... 11 6 6 Dairy utensils ... ... ... ... 114 0 Garden-produce sold ... ... ... 12 9 3 Blacksmiths' and carpenters'account ... 15 5 9 Grazing horses ... ... ... 19 6 6 Household articles for farm-cottage ... 0 19 9 Sundries ... ... ... ... 14 0 Sundries ... ... ... ... 7 311 Value of produce supplied, — Timber, ironwork, nails, &c., for second piggery 38 17 8 Milk, 12,969 quarts 1J pints, at 4d. per quart 216 3 3 Hydraulic ram, including laying pipe ... 17 5 0 Butter, salt, 298 lb., at lOd. per lb. ... 12 9 2 Porage ... ... ... ... 13 9 1 Butter, fresh, 119 lb. at Is. 2d. per lb. ... 619 6 Veterinary attendance, sick cow ... ... 110 Vegetables, fruit, &e., per daily memorandum, Legal expenses re trespass of disputed boun- 40,863 lb., at l^d. per lb. ... ... 255 7 10 dary ... ... ... ... 6 3 2 Potatoes, 39,423 lb., at per lb. ... 92 711 Salaries, Manager and assistant ... ... 152 0 0 Bacon, 74 lb., at lOd. per lb. ... ... 3 18 ■ 7 fowls, at 3s. ... ... ... ... 110 682 16 9 Balance to credit ... ... ... 321 3 10 £1,004 0 7 £1,004 0 7 Pabm- and Gabden-Pkoduce supplied to Asylum, from Ist January, 1881, to 31st December, 1881. Onions, 3,048 lb.; carrots, 5,141 lb.; peas and beans, 1,874 lb.; turnips, 6,315 lb.; pot-herbs, 624 lb.; cabbage, 11,054 lb.; lettuce, 51 lb.; vegetable-marrows, 4,586 lb ; frait, 680 lb.; cucumbers, 271 lb ; rhubarb, 137 lb.; tomatoes, 721b.; rock-melons, 851b.; pumpkins, 6,397 lb.; pie-melons, 59 lb.; kumaras, 18 lb.; cauliflowers, 187 lb.; celery, 261 lb.: total, 40,863 lb. £ s. d. Vegetables, &c, 40,863 lb., at lid. per lb. ... ... 255 7 10": Potatoes, 39,423 lb., at J s d. per lb. ... ... 92 7 11_ £347 15 10

NAPIER. Beport by Mr. W. Miller, Superintendent. Napier, 14th January, 1882. The number of patients on the Ist January was 13 males and 7 females, and 1 male and 1 female out on trial. During the year 3 males and 1 female were admitted, making a total of 17 males and 9 females; of these, 1 male and 1 female were discharged recovered, 1 male relieved, and 1 male died; remaining at the end of the year 14 males and 8 females. During the year there has been about half an acre of ground levelled and laid down in grass, the borders planted with flowers and trees, and all properly fenced in; it is used by the patients as an airing-yard, which is of great benefit, as the other yards are very small and confined. There has been an addition of two rooms built for the accomodation of the head attendants, and two bath-rooms built and two large baths supplied with hot and cold water. The hot water is supplied from the boiler of the cooking range at the gaol. All the building has been painted throughout, and is in very good order. All the repairs and additions have been done by prison labour. The asylum patients are all of a helpless class, and unfit for any kind of manual labour. There is not sleeping accommodation for the number of patients, and on several occasions beds have had to be made up in the passage and dining-room, as there were during the year twelve admitted on remand, and most of them were very bad cases (for a week or two), suffering from the effects of drink; and, as there is no sleeping accomodation for the under attendant, he goes home to sleep, which makes it very unpleasant for the head attendant when the patients are troublesome.

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It would not be advisable to make any additions to the building to provide for the necessary asylum accomodation, as the ground is so small, and is almost attached to the gaol, and will shortly be required for gaol purposes, as the gaol is much overcrowded now.

WELLINGTON. Beport by Mr. J. Mackay, Deputy-Inspector. Wellington, 20th January, 1882. Since my appointment as Deputy-Inspector I have made it my business to pay frequent visits to the Mount View Asylum. These visits have been paid at irregular intervals, at various hours of the day and evening, and sometimes on three days consecutively. I have invariably found the premises clean and in good order. I have frequently been present at meal-time, when the food seemed to me to be of good quality, well cooked, substantial, and abundant. In a previous report I recommended flax mattresses with straw palliasses for all clean patients, instead of the straw mattresses in general use. I did so because several of the female patients had complained to me that the straw mattresses were generally uncomfortable, and especially difficult to sleep upon when newly filled, because of their convexity. Since then a good many of the straw beds in the male ward have been replaced by flax mattresses; but a like measure of comfort has not yet been extended to the female ward, where it is quite as much if not more needed. I must say that some of the beds in the female ward look to me anything but comfortable ; and, if they must be stuffed with straw, the straw ought to be renewed more frequently than is the case at present. Medical men, I believe, are of opinion that the accommodation provided for the insane should, as far as possible, be such as they have been accustomed to in their own homes. There are few people in the colony who cannot afford a flax bed, so that by adopting that material for general use there need be no fear of rendering the patients too luxurious. On the whole, I have no hesitation in saying, from what I have seen, that the physical wants of the inmates of Mount View receive careful attention. Por mental recreation indoors the patients in the male ward have two billiard-tables, draughts, and books. During my visits I have occasionally seen a game of billiards and of draughts going on, and a few of the patients reading or pretending to read. The books, some of them at least, while instructive, are not very entertaining, being chiefly school-readers. Such publications as the Graphic, the Illustrated London News, Punch, and Home and local newspapers, would, I fancy, be more likely to attract attention. No doubt some philanthrophic people would gladly supply these, were it known they would be acceptable. There is also a good bowling-green for the male patients, where the game is played, I understand, twice a week. A good many of the male patients go out to work in the grounds, and seem all the healthier and happier for the exercise. Others do no work, and the only relief to the monotony of their existence seems to be an occasional walk. During the day I have generally found a number of them wandering disconsolately about the corridors or moping in the day-rooms. Many of these seem temporarily relieved by a little conversation or a hearty shake of the hand. In the female ward there are books similar to those in the male ward, but I do not remember seeing many of them in use. In fact the female patients do next to nothing, with the exception of helping occasionally at meal-times. The Matron imforms me they will not work, and that really there is little for them to do. In the Nelson Asylum the same complaint used to be made; but long before I left Nelson the present Superintendent, Mr. Mills, had succeeded in inducing a great majority of both male and female patients to take an interest in some kind of rational employment. The females, for example, did a good deal of sewing, knitting, and crochet-work, in addition to most of the household-work in their own ward. His efforts seemed to me to be most beneficial in increasing the contentment and apparent happiness of the patients, and in directing their attention from the malady with which they were afflicted. I am glad to find that the present Superintendant of Mount View, Dr. King—whose appointment, by the way, seems to me in every respect a most happy one —pays special attention to the mental relaxation of his patients. On the occasion of my last visit the wards were nearly empty, most of the patients being outside enjoying themselves. In addition to the above means of recreation there is also a weekly entertainment for male and female patients. I was present at one kindly given by an amateur dramatic company, which seemed to afford intense amusement to all in the room The Wellington Volunteer Artillery Band has also very generously devoted several Saturday afternoons to a musical entertainment for the benefit of the patients in the asylum grounds. Though attention has been so repeatedly and so urgently drawn to the state of the back wards for dangerous male and female patients, 1 consider it my duty once more to impress upon the Government the necessity of immediate action in that part of the asylum. These wards have been so frequently •ondemned by experts and others as utterly unfit for the purpose for which they are intended, that I do hope no time will be lost in replacing them by buildings fit to be inhabited by human beings.* In the male back ward two patients, subject to very violent fits of insanity, and, when the fit is on them, exceedingly dangerous, are under a mild form of restraint. Their outer clothing is a canvas combination garment, canvas being the only material they will not destroy. A canvas strap connects the trousers at the ankles, and two side straps limit the motions of the arms. The techinal name for such a dress is I believe a camisole. These patients when excited are apt to use teeth, fists, and feet in assaulting other patients and the attendants. When out of their rooms they require to be carefully watched ; in fact, a warder is constantly on guard over the more violent of the two, and two men are required to give him exercise in the yard and to move him from room to room. Under these circumstances the mild form of restraint adopted, is, I consider, highly necessary and perfectly justifiable. The present site of the Mount View Asylum, I am aware, has been condemned by some because it is hilly and will be found more and more unsuitable as the asylum grows. Experts at Home, however, are unanimously opposed to large asylums, and in favour of a central asylum of moderate size for acute cases, with a number of small cottage-asylums in the same grounds. In each of these cottage-asylums an attendant lives in charge of several patients, who thus enjoy something like home life. Though the

* A sum has been placed on the Estimates for this service.

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site of Mount View is far from level, yet, by the expenditure of a little more prison labour, and a rearrangement of the level ground at the back now covered with lumber, ample space might be found for exercising-yards. Moreover, I fail to see why the insane should not enjoy a little variety in the shape of hill and dale, quite as much as the sane ; indeed, I know of one asylum—the Montrose Asylum —where there is an artificial mound specially constructed to enable the inmates to get a peep outside the four walls. Several gentlemen who have visited the asylum and inspected the grounds with me are of opinion that the site can be made suitable. It might, therefore, be expedient to obtain the opinion of a commission of experts before the site is finally condemned.

Beport by A. 11. Neill, M.D., late Medical Superintendent. 20th March, 1882. Owing to certain disclosures made at a Commission of Inquiry into the management and working of this hospital for treatment and care of the insane, the Government considered it advisable to consolidate the offices previously held by a Superintendent and a Visiting Medical Officer, and appointed a Medical Superintendent to reside on the premises, and have full power and control over the entire establishment, and be hold directly responsible to Government for the proper performance of his duties. Having been selected to fill this post, I assumed charge at the close of June, 1881 ; prior, however, to doing so, I had made a very close inspection of the asylum in company with the late Dr. Skae, Inspector of Asylums, during the month of May, and he pointed out to me the various improvements and alterations in the building which he had submitted to Government, and for which sanction had been obtained. These changes involved considerable expenditure, and were greatly needed ; they consisted of a new building where what were termed the back wards stood, and were intended for the worst class of patients —those who were dangerous to themselves and others, and those who were of filthy habits and unfit to associate with other patients. In addition to this accommodation it was intended to erect a suitable set of offices, such as laundry and drying-room, cowhouse, stabling, and other out-buildings, but during my term of residence nothing was ever done towards carrying out Dr. Skae's suggestions, which 1 was very anxious to see done prior to the beginning of the winter season. The buildings generally are in good condition, and several important alterations were effected during the year in the direction of ventilation, drainage, and additions, but nothing was done in the back wards beyond relaying portions of the brickwork in airing-court, as it was not expedient to lay out any money on.buildings which were supposed to be condemned for removal. The water-supply has been ample and good, and the means available for extinguishing fires ample. The fire-hose was tested on several occasions, with a view to practising the attendants with its use. Pires were kept up in all wards occupied by the patients during cold and wet weather, and both day-rooms and corridors are well lighted by gas. The rations supplied have been good, and no complaints have been made regarding them ; but it appeared to me that the supply of vegetables in the dietary allowance was not sufficient, owing, no doubt, to the small space of ground used as a garden not producing enough for every-day use. There are two items in a dietary scale for asylums which ought to bo in an almost unlimited quantitv, viz. milk and vegetables, and neither of these should require to be purchased. During my tenure of office this garden was considerably enlarged, and an ample stock of vegetables for winter and spring use planted. A. number of cows were also purchased, which gave an ample suppl of good milk, and for the winter feeding of which several acres of land were laid down in crop oats and grass, and about an acre of mangold. A piece of land about two acres in dimension was being broken up, cleared, and fenced, with a view to planting potatoes for next season, and thereby doing away with the necessity of buyin^ any. thus saving a, considerable sum yearly. The condition of the clothing was not good, everything being pretty well worn, but this was at once rectified, and both clothing and bedding are ample in quantity and of good quality. The mattresses had formerly been of straw, but have been changed to flax, and thereby made more comfortable, and the appearance of the dormitories made more cheerful by the addition of white counterpanes, and in the female side the addition of small strips of carpet by each bedside. There have been the usual fortnightly dances, varied occasionally by a concert or exhibition of dissolving views ; a number of ladies and gentlemen in Wellington giving their services most cheerfully towards providing amusement for the patients, a large proportion of whom have always been present and conducted themselves with propriety. I observed at the dances that there was a tendency on the parr, of the attendants to consider them as being solely for their amusement, and not for the patients —a fact to be deplored, but also remediable. By the exertions of a few gentlemen a sum of money was raised as a recreation-fund, by means of a concert given in Wellington, with a view to providing more varied amusement than was attainable by the patients, and during the summer it was inteuded that the money was to be used for giving a picnic party to the country for as many patients as could safely be taken, and this I believe was carried out. Owing to the position of the asylum, and the natural difficulties to be contended with it is impossible to employ the male patients at any outdoor work which would be permanently remunerative. It had been the custom to keep them working with pick, shovel, and barrow, levelling hill-tops and lilling-in the gullies ; but, of all work least suitable for lunatic patients, that is the least fitted for them. Variety in employment, work in which they may be induced or disposed to take an interest or to which they may have been used prior to admission, is what they need; and such employment at Mount View is not easily attainable, where farming is impracticable ; but when more land has been cleared and fenced it will be possible to do something to vary the work. On most fine days all the patients, male and female, ~Yere sent out from the asylum-grounds for walking exercise into the country and to the beach, of course excepting the refractory and infirm cases, and these walks seem to be much appreciated, and were of decided benefit.

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A large portion of the clothing and bedding was made up by the female patients, and all articles of wearing apparel were repaired by them. It would be an advantage in compiling annual returns if a record were kept of all articles made and repaired, and also a regular statement prepared annually of cost and maintenance of farm, cows, and pigs, which hitherto has not been done so far as I was aware. The books of the asylum had been carefully kept by my predecessor, Dr. France, and the cases entered were most closely minuted by him, and all items of interest noted in treatment. A great difficulty exists in preparing the average annual cost per head of the patients in this asylum, from the absence of information on the subject of payments made through the Public Trustee, as no payments ever pass through the books of the asylum. All moneys belonging to patients at their admission pass into the Public Trustee's bank account, and there it remains. Payment for maintenance from these moneys ought to be notified monthly to the Medical Superintendent, and so enable him, at the end of the year, to show the exact cost per head per annum of each inmate; if this system were adopted, the average cost would not, in this asylum, appear so high. The general health of the inmates has been good, no special form of illness has prevailed, and the death-rate has not been high. No complaints have been made by patients of ill-usage or unkind treatment at the hands of the attendants, who have appeared to me to take an interest in their duties. No special system of separation of the patients into classes appears to have existed prior to my taking charge, but this has been mainly attributable to difficulties in the arrangement of the buildings, preventing any classification beyond that of quiet, clean, and harmless, troublesome, irritable, and lazy; and the back wards with the dangerous, dirty, and refractory.

NELSON. Beport by Mr. W. __T. Mills, Superintendent. Lunatic Asylum, 9th January, 1882. The last visit made by the late Inspector of Asylums was in March, 1880. Monthly visits of inspection were made by Mr. Mackay, Deputy-Inspector, up to the 29th June, 1881, a copy of his remarks being forwarded on each occasion to the Inspector of Asylums' Office. No gentleman has yet been appointed to fill the vacancy caused by Mr. Mackay going to Wellington, although a difficulty has already arisen from the want of an Inspector, for at times it is desirable to liberate a patient on trial under clause 66, " Lunatics Act, 1868," and recently this could not be done as there was no Inspector, consequently the patient had either to be kept in the asylum or be finally discharged. The latter was thought most desirable, and the patient was liberated under clause 74. On the Ist January, 1881, there were in this asylum 64 patients, viz., 33 males and 31 females. During the year 16 were admitted, 12 males and 4 females (one of the former being a readmission), and 1 female and 2 males being transfers from the Wellington Asylum; the total number under care was 80, 45 males and 35 females; 4 females and 1 male were discharged recovered; 1 male and 3 females died, leaving at the end of the year 43 males and 28 females, being an increase of 10 males and a decrease of 3 females. The recoveries were in the proportion of 8"33 per cent, to the admissions among males and 100 per cent, among females. The death-rate was 263 of the average number resident for males and 10'34 for females. The assigned causes of death were general paralysis, general debility, epileptic convulsions, and phthisis. The want long felt of a place for refractory and noisy patients is about to be remedied, and commodious bath-rooms and lavatories are going to be added. The most pressing need of the asylum at present is land for the employment of the inmates. The whole grounds belonging to the asylum comprise eight acres only ; this includes the ground on which the building is erected, also yards, airing-grounds, and places for recreation ; another acre being occupied by the destitute poor. The Taranaki buildings are erected thereon, but they are in such a dilapidated state that it would be a charity were the inmates removed to more comfortable quarters, and the recommendation of the late Inspector of Asylums (on his first visit in 1878) carried out, viz., to hand the ground over to the asylum. The water-supply is still very defective, and must remain so until the Corporation bring a fresh main round by the asylum, or the Government bring in a supply from the spring at the back of the asylum. Should a fire occur it would be impossible under present circumstances to put it out, as no water could be obtained. During the present summer something should be done to have the corridors in the asylum better heated, as the present small gas-stoves are practically useless during cold winter weather. A great deal of useful work has been performed by the inmates : ornamental fencing erected, painting, making stuffed benches, bedsteads, seats with backs for verandahs, &c.; a female night attendant's house has been built, where rest can be obtained during the day, free from the noise of the patients; piggeries have been put up, where at present seven pigs are kept, and some ten have been killed for use of inmates and staff during the year, two sold and proceeds paid to public account. The female patients are usefully employed making, mending, knitting, and washing for both male and female department. The garden supplies the inmates and staff with a plentiful supply of vegetables. The salaries of the male attendants have been raised from £70 to £80 in one case, and from £60 to £70 in the case of four others.

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HOKITIKA. Beport by Mr. J5. Clapcott, Deputy-Inspector. Hokitika, 17th January, 1882. The number of patients on the 31st December, 1881, was 55 males aud 27 females, including one female absent on trial; making a total of 82, as against 73 for the year ending the 31st December, 1880. The number of admissions for the first time during the year has been 9 males, 9 females; readmitted, 4 males, 1 female; discharged recovered, 6 males, 4 females ; discharged as relieved, 1 male, 1 female ; deaths, 2 males. The general health of the patients has been exceptionally good; this may partly be accounted for by having, up to within the last two months, sufficient space and accommodation for the inmates. At the present time there are seven patients in excess over dormitory accommodation. This could soon be remedied by permission being given to erect another small cottage. During the last twelve months the official visitors and myself have visited and inspected the asylum twenty-one times, and, without any exception, have had the pleasure of testifying to the cleanliness and general good order and management observable throughout the institution. Although considerable freedom and liberty are afforded to the patients, it is gratifying to note that during the last twelve months no escape has taken place. One hundred and forty acres of land adjoining the original asylum-grounds have been reserved for requirements of the institution. This I feel sure is a wise provision, not only with the view of furnishing firewood for some years to come, but also providing open-air employment for the patients when engaged in clearing and bringing the land into a state of cultivation.

Beport by Mr. H. Gribben, Superintendent. ' Hokitika, 28th January, 1882. The number of patients remaining in the asylum on the Ist January from the previous year was 51 males and 22 females; total, 73. Admitted during the year for the first time, 9 males and 9 females ; readmitted, 4 males and 1 female: making a total of 13 males and 10 females. Discharged recovered, 6 males and 4 females; relieved, 1 male and 1 female; died, 2 males: total discharges and deaths, 9 males and 5 females—l4. (The male patient discharged improved was liberated under clause 66 of "The Lunatics Act, 1868.") Remaining in the asylum on the 31st December, 1881,55 males and 27 females, including 1 female absent on trial; total, 82. The general health of the patients during the year has been exceptionally good, and I am happy to have to state that there has not been one instance in which it was found necessary to apply restraint, and seclusion has been very seldom resorted to. This I attribute in a great measure to the regular way in which the patients have been kept employed at healthy and useful work. The male patients have been busy in clearing bush, breaking up new ground, cutting firewood, &c. Two pairs of sawyers are kept constantly engaged in cutting timber for building purposes, repairs, additions, fencing, &c, and a very considerable saving to the institution is effected in the quantity of timber cut by these patients. The females were engaged making and repairing clothes, washing, &c. The average daily number of patients resident during the year was 51 males and 23 females; total, 74. Although there has been considerable liberty accorded to many of the patients there have not been any escapes, or even attempts, during the year. I find that the more liberty given them the less tendency is there to escape. The cultivation area is gradually increasing from year to year. The five-acre section on which the male cottage is erected has been nearly all cleared, and is now under crop. The asylum has been, as in former years, supplied with milk from the cows kept in the institution. There have also been made 303 lb. of butter ; 1,500 lb. of pork were also supplied by the asylum, and, in addition, 9 pigs were sold, which realized £34 10s. The mare which was being driven by one of the patients was becoming so dangerous by her bolting habits that I found it necessary to apply for authority to dispose of her. The authority being granted, I disposed of her, and purchased a more suitable animal in her place. Although the potato-crop was not so good as I anticipated, there was sufficient grown to supply the institution from Pebruary to September, and sufficient vegetables grown to serve for the whole of the year. During the first part of the year the contractor for bread supplied such an inferior article that both staff and patients were continually complaining of it, and notwithstanding the repeated notices he received to improve the quality he paid no attention. I submitted samples of the bread from time to time to the Deputy-Inspector, Mr. Clapcott, who agreed with me that it was of an inferior quality, which led to the cancellation of the contract. One of the attendants being a baker, I resolved on building a bakehouse. Having applied for and obtained the necessary authority for its erection, I proceeded at once with the work, which was carried out by the patients under the superintendence of one of the staff. The only expenditure incurred by this change was the cost of iron and bricks, the whole of the timber being supplied by the institution. Since then the bread has been of excellent quality, in addition to which a saving of between £4 and £5 a month is effected. The only drawback to this arrangement is the long and irregular hours which the baker has to work, and moreover it imposes additional duties on the other attendants on those days on which the baking is carried out. The weekly leave of the attendants is one evening from 6, and one evening from 8 o'clock, but this has been considerably curtailed since the baking commenced, and, as this has caused considerable dissatisfaction owing to the long hours of duty, I think, on taking these facts into consideration, the appointment of an additional attendant is necessary. The weekly entertainments for the amusement of the patients are kept up as usual, and they are taken out to all local sports and occasionally for long walks in the country. 2-H. 9.

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There is one matter I should like to draw attention to, that is, the continual nuisance caused by the slaughter-yards built opposite and in close proximity to the asylum. The stench arising from those yards is at times unbearable, so that the patients are obliged to leave the front of the terrace. This matter has been repeatedly brought by myself and the Gaoler under the notice of both Borough Council and Board of Health, and, although they admit that a nuisance does and must exist from the unsuitability of the site, nothing has been done to remedy the evil, nor is it likely to be unless the Government take some steps in the matter. There is one thing certain that, in addition to the offensive smell* it must have an injurious effect on the health of both patients and staff. During the year a block of land at the rear of the asylum containing 140 acres has on my application been reserved for asylum purposes. This is a very valuable property, owing to the large quantity of valuable timber growing upon it, and in addition to this, when the timber is cut off, it will afford employment for the patients in clearing it for agricultural purposes for years to come. Owing to the increase in the number of patients, the sleeping accommodation is becoming inadequate. There is at present in excess of the accommodation four males and five females, including one female absent on trial. In conclusion, I personally regret the great loss the institution has sustained by the death of Dr. Skae, our late Inspector.

CHRISTCHURCH. Beport by Mr. Alexander Lean, Deputy-Inspector. Christchurch, 31st March, 1882. On the 25th instant I attended the annual entertainment given to the patients of this asylum. The staff exerted themselves to the utmost to contribute to the amusement of the inmates. Many of the friends of patients were present, and I cannot but think that the unrestrained intercourse with the outside world on these occasions has a beneficial effect. The reports I have forwarded every month have conveyed to you any suggestions that have occurred to me after inspection; but, prior to the meeting of Parliament, it may be useful for me to give the Minister a short sketch of the present condition of the institution from the point of view which a lay inspector may be supposed to take, and quite apart from the technical or statistical detail which the Resident Medical Superintendent of the department may supply. My last annual report was under date the Bth January, 1881. At that date the old buildings were crowded with 139 patients ; one ward only of the new buildings for males being occupied by 25 patients. The female wards were occupied by 89 patients, a complement in excess by four of that for which the building was designed. At the present time I am happy to say that, of 178 male patients, 150 have accommodation in the new buildings, and not the least satisfactory spectacle on the occasion of my visit was that three out of the four old wards in the timber buildings were empty of patients. It is only those who have seen these wards overcrowded in the daytime, and at night unsavoury from ill ventilation, that can properly appreciate the relief afforded to the patients by the accommodation lately provided for them. The female wards designed for 84 patients, allowing 600 cubic feet to each patient, now hold 94 patients. Additional dormitory accommodation to contain fourteen beds is now approaching completion, giving a margin of four beds for any increase during the year. The erection of a central block to contain dining hall, kitchen, stores, and offices, is an indispensable necessity. The kitchens in the old buildings are remote, and meals conveyed so long a distance to the wards cannot be served with comfort. If the patients be taken to the old hall in wet weather they suffer exposure. Por these obvious reasons a kitchen attached to the new buildings is required, and I believe the drawings are in hand, but lam unaware of any steps being taken towards the erection of a central hall. A central hall I submit is of the greatest value. In wet weather, serving the meals in the wards, beside vitiating the air, creates a monotony of confinement, while the simple change to a hall for meals is a pleasant and valuable relief to the patients. Again, ano less valuable feature in a hall is the facility offered for the amusement of patients. In justice to the administration, I must record the pleasant aspect of the new male wards, which now vie with the female wards in comfort; comfortable dormitories, spacious and cheerful apartments, flowers, fruits, and books or newspapers, contrast favourably with recollections of the wretched accommodation of the past. Before leaving the subject of buildings, I venture to submit, as a politic economy, the expediency of a survey of the buildings being made quarterly by the Public Works Department, and a report being forwarded to you thereupon. The increase in the number of imbecile and harmless patients suggests the consideration of the provision of a separate establishment. On the score of humanity it may be urged these would not then be exposed to injury from the companionship of violent cases, and on the score of economy it must be allowed a number of patients would cease to occupy asylum accommodation to whom necessarily expensive adjuncts are not indispensable. Patients recovered from lunacy but in weak health, and indeed other helpless invalids, might be also taken charge of in the same institution. The reception of inebriate patients in any lunatic asylum is open to objection, but that they should be placed among lunatics is against reason. Tet want of accommodation leads to this evil. Upon this subject I have from time to time recorded my opinion. I now again urge a separate provision for this class of patients, and more particularly for females. Under date the 22nd December, 1879,1 reported on the case of Mrs. S , No. 891: " A female at best of weak mental fibre, who has further damaged her system by excess in drink, would, I presume, when subjected to the reaction consequent on restriction from the stimulant, be extremely susceptible to such morbid ideas as the surroundings may suggest, and I feel bound to observe that if it be expedient to confine drunkards I am of opinion they should pot be placed in a lunatic asylum."

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I regret to be unable to report any practicable outcome of my reports on water-supply, fireprevention, and drainage. In December, 1879,1 find in my report for that month some lengthened observations on drainage defects. In July last there was an outbreak of typhoid fever. I reported to you during the progress of the disorder. The best arrangements for the treatment and isolation of the patients were made by Dr. Hacon, who was ably seconded by the Matron's department. Messrs. H. J. Tancred and T. W. Maude have been appointed official visitors. I believe I am in perfect agreement with those gentlemen if I urge on the Government the extreme value to the patients of excursions by railway. An additional carriage to a train cannot practically entail appreciable expense on the Eailway Department, while the benefit alike to mind and body from such a change of air and scene is acknowledged by all experts. The beneficial effects on the patients of light labour, and the arguments in favour of such employment on grounds of remedial and economical reasons, need not be detailed. I have, on a previous occasion (3rd December, 1879), produced statistics of value of farm-produce consumed in the asylum, as an argument for the purchase of farming land. lam not without hope Government may see its way to the acquirement of a farm upon which the patients may find employment in which they may take interest, and which may also be, if not actually remunerative, at least a relief to the expenditure on account of the asylum. I observe a portion of the old building is now advantageously occupied as a store, under the charge of the Steward, Mr. Seager. Mr. Seager, when in England, took the opportunity of collecting considerable information on the domestic economy existing in the numerous asylums he had the means of visiting. The store department is in course of thorough reorganization, and I anticipate the best results from Mr. Seager's appointment.

Beport by W. F. Hacon, M.8.C.5., Fngl., L.8.C.P., Lond., Medical Superintendent. Sunnyside, Christchurch, 28th Pebruary, 1882. I reoret that there has been great difficulty in obtaining reliable information on admission in many instances, as many of the patients had no friends or relations to accompany them. I hold that, as a rule, it is useless to rely on information obtained from the lunatic, although it is really surprising what apparently correct answers many patients will give to questions on first admission if talked to kindly, and thus the address of relations is often obtained. Unreliable statistics are worse than useless ; I have therefore classified the causes of the insanity in those cases where I could obtain no reliable information under the heading " Unknown." On inquiry among friends some will assert that a man drinks hard, and others that he is a moderate man, and even hereditary taint may be denied. I have adopted a form which I send to relations and friends, in order to obtain particulars of previous history of patients. The clause of the Lunacy Act (section 18), requiring medical practitioners to furnish statement of the treatment of the lunatic previous to reception into the asylum, is often disregarded; at the same time I owe many thanks to those medical gentlemen who have courteously sent me full particulars by letter, not only concerning private patients, but also those committed by the Magistrates. There is a continued increase of the numbers of patients resident here, and this increase must always continue as the population increases, the readmissions also gradually increasing. Por, as Dr. Thurnam, of the York Retreat, very truly says, " In round numbers, then, of ten persons attacked by insanity, five recover and five die sooner or later during the attack. Of the five who recover, not more than two remain well during the rest of their lives, the other three sustain subsequent attacks, during which at least two of them die." Supposing, then, that the proportion of discharges is yearly kept up to this average, say, of every 100 admissions yearly, fifty are discharged recovered (which is too much to expect), still accommodation must in the future be prepared for nearly 60 per cent, of all recoveries— granted that all discharged patients remain in the colony. It is not economical to provide accommodation only just sufficient for present wants, but provision should be made somewhat in excess. Here an asylum for 150 males has been built; there are already 175 males. Care should be taken to prevent the immigration of imbeciles and persons discharged from the Home asylums. Not only should careful inquiry as to possibility of former attack of insanity or hereditary taint be made, but on arrival here all imbeciles or lunatics should be at once noticed, and steps taken to return them. It is a great mistake to admit inebriates into a lunatic asylum, not only because it is not the proper place for them, and their idle life sets a bad example to the lunatics, but also because it may expose their children to the imputation of hereditary insanity should it ever become known that the parent has been an inmate of the asylum. To the man determined to reform, the sight of so many brains wrecked from drink should have a salutary effect, but the excuse that detention in an asylum is likely to drive the inebriate mad is always brought forward as a reason for early release. There is no doubt, therefore, that a special institution should at once be erected for inebriates at some distance from the asylum. I wish to state that all inebriates coming under my charge, in order to try and recover that moral tone, and get rid of the morbid craving for drink, are not allowed to have any stimulants, except when necessary as a medicine ; and I am not in the least afraid, after my experience in both hospitals and asylums, of taking a man " right away " from the drink, but on the other hand am assured that he suffers less thereby. A larger number of male lunatics and a smaller number of females have been admitted. Several of the male lunatics were old and enfeebled, and in bad health on admission. Some of the inebriates were in a desperate condition, and I am glad to be able to report that none died. Nine cases admitted were, in my opinion, quite unfit to be sent to a lunatic asylum as lunatics. They were —one male suffering from spinal disease and lumbar abscess (he never left his bed until he died, and was nursed in the infirmary) ; one female, suffering from disseminated selerosis of the brain and cord, with

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consequent paralysis of limbs, has been bedridden ever since admission; one female admitted in a dying condition only lived until the next day ; one female suffering from the effects of alcohol and hysteria, only lived four days ; one male broken down in health from drink and epilepsy, only lived eighteen days ; one male suffering from severe heart disease and mental disturbance from drink ; two males suffering from mental disturbance from drink, only lived three weeks ; one bad character and drunkard sent in twice and sent out twice. There should be an observation-ward for drink cases, having no connection with the asylum. No person should be incarcerated in an asylum who has the slightest trace of recent alcoholic excess about him, but should be remanded for observation. Incurable paralyzed cases from hospitals should not be admitted, or persons suffering from serious organic disease of the body. Old enfeebled patients should be sent to a benevolent institution or home. Such expensive accommodation as is now provided should only be used for "fit and proper" persons to be treated in a hospital for the insane. When, once admitted, it is right and necessary that they should cost the State more than an inmate of a home or benevolent institution, requiring, as inmates of a lunatic asylum, warmer clothing, better diet, and more expensive attendants, officers, and medical supervision. Medical practitioners should not be asked to give a hurried opinion at the Police Court, and should be allowed every opportunity of having the supposed lunatic remanded for observation. I cannot but express the opinion that some of the committal medical certificates are exceedingly carelessly written, and I hope that the Lunacy Act will soon be altered, so that it be made impossible to incarcerate a person without an order from a Magistrate, and that the evidence of medical men be taken on oath, as also the evidence of any witness supplying information to the certifying medical practitioner of "facts observed by others as evidence of insanity." All committal papers should be carefully examined by an expert physician and a legal expert, appointed with powers to insist on alterations or release of patient from illegal detention. In consideration of recent events in Australia, I would advise all medical practitioners to refuse to sign committal papers for private patients, and then all friends and relations of supposed lunatics would be compelled to have them examined before a Magistrate; and lam assured that relations will derive more satisfaction in the end from this course, although painful to their feelinge at the time. The incarceration of a:j individual in an asylum should be made as public as his birth or death. Discharges are in many cases delayed in consequence of patients having no home, no relations, and no one to help or care for them. Ido not like to discharge any person until lam satisfied that he or she can earn daily bread. I should like to be able to remove some few on trial to a benevolent institution, previous to obtaining work for them. Several cases I have discharged after some length of stay, and others in spite of the wishes of those nearest and dearest to detain them. Some chronic, harmless, and hard-working lunatics might be safely boarded out in the country, and would make capital farm-servants, with kind treatment. Captivity is as galling to a lunatic (that is, a person suffering from brain disease) as it is to a person suffering from disease of the liver. Release on trial (when possible by the kind intervention of friends or relations) is the only test of the ability of an inmate of an asylum to again live outside. I have seen patients derive great benefit from release on trial, so much changed as scarcely to be recognized. On the other hand, I regret that some relations are so suspicious that they will not believe me when I point out that their relation will be better or safer in the asylum. " Asylums are not necessary for all the insane," Dr. Blandford truly says ;as also, " How are you to know if a patient is capable of living beyond the walls of an asylum ? The answer is simple: give him a trial. As the last generation did away with the fetters used in the asylums, so let the present release from the restraint of an asylum all those capable of enjoying a larger amount of liberty and a freer atmosphere than that in which they now fret and chafe." You will observe that the percentage of deaths is very small, due, without doubt, to the warm clothing and bedding, good liberal diet, open-air exercise (the fine climate permitting it so often), and last, but not least, to the care of the attendants, who use their best endeavours to point out at once the slightest symptom of ill health or failing appetite. No death occurred among those resident on the female side, not even among the typhoid cases, and this reflects the greatest credit on the Matron and nurses. One female was admitted in a dying state: this must be enumerated in the list of deaths. One old man who had attempted to injure his throat was admitted in a precarious condition; he died of cancer of the stomach, and was always treated as an invalid. Many a man sick unto death has attempted selfdestruction while bedridden, but it is ridiculous to send such a case to an asylum. I cannot hope for the same low death-rate every year, as there are many old and feeble cases accumulated here who may be cut off by any sudden change of cold weather; but I feel thankful that my efforts in the past have been so far successful. If only bond fide lunatics are admitted into asylums, with the splendid climate, and liberal treatment by the Government in the matter of houseing, diet, and clothing, the percentage of deaths should be low and of the recoveries high. One case died from typhoid fever. The death of one patient (incurable and feeble from general paralysis) was accelerated by pleuritic effusion and broken ribs. With reference to this case I would ask you to allow me to quote the following extracts from the Journal of Mental Science, July, 1870 (edited by H. Maudsley, M.D., London) : " To assume that every such injury, of which the time and manner of occurrence cannot be ascertained, has been a deliberate act of brutality on the part of an attendant is to reverse the fundamental doctrine of law that a person is to be held innocent until proved to be guilty. It is to the interest of Medical Superintendents of asylums, as much for their own reputation as for the sake of humanity, to detect acts of violence on the part of attendants, and to punish instead of condoning them. Attendants in asylums follow their calling for the sake of earning an honest livelihood, just as any other class of men and women do ; their duties are onerous, their hours of duty long, and their responsibilities great; they are subject to insults, taunts, to misrepresentations, and to violence. They can acheive no glory by faithfully performing their duties, their kindest acts and intentions are often misconstrued, they are liable to instant dismissal and even to prosecution if they are guilty of violence under no matter what provocation, and they receive about as much remuneration as domestic servants; for this they are required to return good words for evil, gentleness for violence, and kindness for the most cutting taunts and insults. It should

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be remembered that madness recruits its most numerous victims not from the temperate, the orderloving, and the law-abiding classes of society (though they are to be found among the number) ; that mental disease generally has the effect of developing the bad qualities and repressing the good by lessening the power of self-restraint; that constant association with persons of degraded mental faculties exercises a deteriorating influence on those who are submitted to it; and that Medical Superintendents of asylums have no special opportunities of securing the services of persons who have a more just appreciation of the principles of the Christian religion, who are more imbued with ' Enthusiasm of Humanity,' than are to be found in the ordinary walks of life; but, notwithstanding, I confidently believe that a large proportion of asylum attendants perform their duties with a conscientiousness and a singleness of purpose that would do credit to any class of the community; and the kind expressions towards attendants contained in the numerous letters that I receive from discharged patients is evidence at least as worthy of credit as any statement made by ex-attendants, who have probably themselves been dismissed from their situations for misconduct. But, whilst taking a favourable view of the character and conduct of attendants generally, I consider that the supervision over them should be most vigilant; and this as much for the benefit of the painstaking and conscientious, whose merits will thus be better appreciated, as for the indolent and indifferent, who will thereby be stimulated to greater exertions." Here I expect much of my attendants, and their remuneration is not equal to that given to prison warders, although their task and trials are more severe. Considering the hitherto overcrowded state of this asylum, and the rough characters in such close quarters, I am thankful that more dreadful accidents have not happened, especially in the dormitories at night. I have insisted on the constant presence of attendants among the patients in the airing-courts. It is a matter of satisfaction that the patient referred to was in the infirmary ward. I have to report that one male patient broke his arm struggling with another patient. I attach no blame to any person, as the combatants were at once separated, and the sufferer was a Prenchman of so morose and savage disposition that some days afterwards he kicked me on the head, and it required the greatest caution to approach him whenever it was necessary to alter or adjust the bandages and splints. Another fracture occurred in frosty weather: a heavy patient (male) slipped down and broke his leg. He was carried to bed with the greatest care, so that the bones did not protrude through the skin, and, in spite of his protestations that " it was only the rheumatics," his leg was placed in splints. Both cases were attended by special extra attendant, and the fractures united kindly under appropriate treatment. Several small wounds and bruises were occasioned by fighting, but all healed satisfactorily. A large amount of liberty has been allowed to the patients. The escapes have not been numerous, although an attempt is often made. One male patient who worked at the laundry escaped six times. He generally walked home up country to his brother's, who, on several occasions, kindly brought him back. One male escaped twice and one female twice. Eight other males and two other females escaped. They were all recaptured, either by the police, attendants, or courteous assistance of informants. One patient escaped on the 27th January, and has eluded all endeavours to find him. He was much improved in mental condition, but I was not quite satisfied with him. However he became impatient of restraint and escaped. No doubt he is earning his living satisfactorily under an assumed name. An epidemic of typhoid fever visited the asylum during the winter months, and attacked the patients fed on milk diet, and also some of the attendants and their children who obtained their milk from the asylum-supply as their daily ration. I regret very much that two deaths occurred during the epidemic. The cases were isolated, and well nursed by nurses McGill and Knight, in the rooms of the new buildings, and large fires kept up night and day. The first case attacked was an idiot, on the 27th June; the last case was an inebriate, on the Ist September. Every precaution was taken, and no fresh cases occurred after September. The presence of typhoid fever in the family of the milkman supplying the milk having been reported to me, I stopped the supply from that source until the milkman was able to produce a certificate that it was safe for him to supply milk. In all there were fourteen undoubted cases of typhoid fever, and several other patients and attendants and children were, as is usual in typhoid epidemics, variously affected with abortive symptoms, varying in severity, and which I considered necessary at the time to report as likely to spread the disease unless proper precautions were taken. The patients' annual treat was held on the 19th March; a cricket match was played between two teams of lunatics, captained by attendants ; and over forty lunatics were drilled." Out of 167 males and 92 females, there were present out-of-doors 165 males and 86 females. The doors of the asylum were thrown open to visitors to inspect at their leisure. No untoward circumstance of any importance occurred. During the winter-months, on Wednesday evenings, the patients danced, sang, and recited. In consequence of the overcrowding but few visitors were admitted. The patients were first drilled on the 2nd Pebruary; this is now of daily occurrence. I have had as many as 70 to 80 male lunatics out at drill, and have had them paraded for inspection in their Sunday clothes. In March a second ward was opened, and a further relay of patients removed to the new buildings. At the present date all five wards in the new building are occupied, and only one ward (the refractory) is remaining empty until an airing-court can be made, for which the ground has been prepared. Without doubt the greater liberty allowed in the presence of attendants has been of the greatest service in promoting health and tranquillity. The officers and attendants of the institution have been bitten, kicked, and struck, and the Matron received a blow on the head from a violent female. The worst and most troublesome case (who has been discharged, recovered) was that of a man who boasted with great glee that he had been in the Yarra Bend and Nelson Asylums; he was at his best a wild Irishman, and took the greatest delight, while insane, in all kinds of devilment and mischief. On one occasion he had to be rescued at great risk from an old wooden cell, the flooring of which he had broken up, jamming the door, and assaulting the officers and attendants with sticks and stones, and when captured, biting like a monkey. You were pleased to specially reward the attendants who effected his release from the broken timbers amidst a shower of stones, &c. '

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On the Ist November Mr. Seager returned to duty, and was appointed Steward. The patients were delighted to see their old Superintendent again, and at Christmas-time were entertained by him in the theatre. No one man can satisfactorily perform the duties of Medical Superintendent and Steward in an asylum of this size, and there is great necessity for the proper management and development of the store, kitchen, and farm departments, which are now being worked by the Steward under my supervision; and he is making such good use of the experience which he has gained by visiting the large stores and kitchens of the English asylums, that, as soon as the new kitchen and store are built, I apprehend that not only will a great saving be effected, but the work of the asylum will be conducted in a far more complete and orderly manner than has hitherto been possible. A bakehouse is to be built, and bread will be baked for the asylum use, and also for other institutions if found convenient. Mr. Seager will be responsible for the different workshops, such as carpenters', blacksmiths', shoemakers', tailors', upholsterers', printing office, &c, and regulating the supply of gas, water, firing, &c. The institution is assuming such large dimensions, that nothing but constant vigilance and inspection on the part of the several officers can keep it in proper order, and the inmates and attendants under perfect discipline. The asylum is at present unfinished. I cannot approve of the site, which is damp and low, not surrounded by a large enough area of farm land, and the buildings are situated too near the public roads. As to the construction, it is on the corridor system, but (although undoubtedly a great credit to the colony) I should have preferred the block or pavilion system. The new wards have been furnished with strong and necessary furniture, and the patients have all the advantages and requirements of civilized life; the accommodation now provided being far better than can be found in many hotels. There are already three water-towers —one large one would have been sufficient. At the present time there are no proper means for raising the water to the tanks ; windmills are too uncertain, and hand pumps are an unnecessary waste of time and labour. I have recommended that a centrallysituated steam-engine be erected for pumping water, as well as for steam-cooking and heating purposes, and also to work the steam-pump in case of fire. Hydrants and hose have been provided in the different wards, but I consider that a fire-engine to be worked by hand should be purchased for the institution. Pire-drill is held at stated intervals. I have endeavoured to obtain an efficient system of drainage for the buildings and the land (which is under water in winter), but hitherto without any practical result. lam not satisfied with —neither will I sanction —draining into the adjacent stream. A cesspit at some distance from the building is in process of construction, but it has for some months past remained in its present condition. All the solid sewage at the present time is daily buried on the farm land. All the laundry water, bath water, &c., drains into the Heathcote Stream. An additional dormitory for the females, which is urgently required, will soon be ready for occupation. This will relieve the overcrowding on the female side. The plan for the kitchen, bakehouse, store, and administrative block is decided, and the work of building will soon commence. There will be special accommodation for a few inebriates (who can temporarily occupy the old building, and will then have no occasion to be in close contact with lunatics). I recommend that the plan for the asylum be at once finished, and that a block of buildings to accommodate fifty more male patients be at once erected, also a large dining and recreation hall with corridors, and the addition of a few more single rooms to the female division, and the enlargement and improving of the female refractory day-room, and the erection of a proper boundary-wall or railing, with entrance gates. The old buildings should be pulled down, and in their place convenient stables, storehouses, cow-sheds, piggeries, &c, should be built. More farm land is required not only to afford greater opportunities to the patients, but also to enable larger crops and quantities of vegetables to be grown, and to provide feed for cattle and sheep. The grazing of calves for vaccination purposes requires all available grass-land at the present time. Maize, linseed, and lentils are cultivated in small quantities, and the mulberry trees for sericulture have all been carefully transplanted, and are thriving well. A large number of pigs are reared. Eggs are now supplied from the asylum poultry-yard. There is one cow —a nucleus for a further dairy, and three promising young heifers. A list of vegetables supplied to the institution from the garden is appended, as also a statement of the sale of pigs and farm produce. Owing to the small staff of attendants, I have not been able to develop the useful working of shoemending, tailoring, &c, but, although most of the patients belong to the labouring class, I hope, now that I have a larger staff, to produce still more satisfactory results. Looking back on the past year, I feel that I have endeavoured to make my patients healthier and happier, and to promote their recovery under difficult circustances and that I have not sacrified efficiency to economy. As far as medical treatement is concerned, my experience here has fully confirmed my opinion that early treatment in mental disease is most important, and that constant and special attention during the first month is of more use than any amount of after treatment, when the disease has advanced. The subsidence of goitrous tumours, the improved appearance and behavour of many patients, the tranquillity and contentment, the almost total absence of the "insane ear" (hamatoma auris), the prolongation of the intervals between the paroxysms of the chronic patients and between the occurrence of fits in the epileptics, all show the efficacy of treatment which can only be properly directed by a physician conversant with the insane and their peculiarities ; and some of the recoveries have impressed mo, once again, that, when all seems lost, a great deal may be gained by continued perseverance in the administration of remedies. In the Journal of Mental Science (October, 1872) Dr. Rogers, of the county asylum, Rainhill, writes thus: " Let us imagine a person appointed as medical chief to a large asylum, who had never seen a lunatic professionally, but who had thoroughly posted himself up in the literature of insanity, and relied on his knowledge acquired by reading to direct his practice. In the first place he would find that mechanical restraint was held (or professedly held) as an accursed thing, and not to be thought of in the modern treatment of insanity. Then he would hear from an eminent authority that giving narcotics to put ' chemical restraint on a brain cell' was almost as heinous, and that if these improved the bodily condition of a patient they did so at the expense of the mental; by another writer he would

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find seclusion consigned to the same limbo as restraint; our novice would be earnestly warned to avoid degrading his mission as a physician by having anything to do with architecture or high farming; he would be told that hygiene was a thing that anybody could understand, and he would hear from a full chorus that attendants —the agents on whom he would have to rely to carry out his orders—were a degraded class and unworthy of confidence. It would probably occur to our supposititious doctor that his strictly medical duties would be rather restricted, and would be limited chiefly to diagnosis, though of pathology he might have his fill; and if he had not a strong will of his own he might not inaptly compare himself to the man with the ass, in the fable, but that instead of losing his donkey he might almost be tempted to wish that he had gone over the bridge himself and down the stream in place of the quadruped. The liability to abuse of any agent or system forms no adequate ground for its rejection. If its use can be proved to be really beneficial, and if a man has satisfied himself on sufficient evidence that restraint or seclusion, blood-letting or alcohol, narcotics, purgatives, tonics, or any other mode of treatment, is beneficial to his patients, I hold that he ought to act according to his own judgment, without regard to the fashion of treatment prevailing in his days." I use seclusion as little as possible. Restraint is necessary for surgical reasons at times. I seldom use it, but have had occasion to do so for other than surgical reasons. I prefer, however, to restrain a patient by the presence of extra special attendants. If a patient has two sensible and kind attendants always with him he will seldom attempt any mischief, and if the presence of the attendants worries him, he is better in seclusion. The proper treatment of the lunatics in this colony—accommodation having been provided for them —simply depends upon an adequate supply of well-paid attendants, in the proportion of one to ten patients (night attendants, artisans, servants, and outdoor labourers not to be included), supervised by well-trained medical men as superintendents. I beg to acknowledge with thanks the appreciation by the Government of my services. I have to thank the officers and attendants of this institution, who have endeavoured, with few exceptions, to follow out not only the rules and regulations, but also, in a willing, cheerful, and honorable manner, have attended to my slightest wish. I regret much the removal of two male attendants by death, Attendants Newman and Kinsman. Attendant Newman died of hyperpyrexia in typhoid fever ; he was infected while at work in the wards. He was respected by all; his presence was a guarantee for order, discipline, and kindness. Attendant Kinsman is missed from his place in the choir. I have also to acknowledge the courtesy of the officers of the Public Works Department in attending to my wishes in the many improvements accomplished, and to thank the architect for the proposed administrative block for the special pains he has taken to endeavour to procure efficiency in every detail. With the deepest respect and grief I wish to refer to the death of my late Inspector, Dr. Skae, whose well-known reputation and ability attracted me to remain in the colony and work under him. While he lived, his kindly, sound, and practical advice was of the utmost service to me, and on his last visit of inspection here he took the greatest interest in every particular, pointing out to me any defects which he noticed in my administration in a firm but conciliatory manner. His presence was a stimulus for " better things " beyond the daily routine work—for higher aims and motives. However good the management, no public institution is safe without efficient inspection by non-resident honorary officials. To the local Inspector's efforts in thorough and methodical inspection and inquiry when necessary into all accidents or irregularities, I am indebted for having rendered me great assistance in my work. I regret that the Official Yisitors have so seldom visited the institution, and I cannot refrain from expressing the opinion that no institution of this size should be without a committee of management, or, failing that, a larger number of Official Visitors should be at once appointed. I only hope that the Resident Magistrate for each district in Canterbury will make it his duty and pleasure to periodically visit this hospital for the insane, and personally interview the patients whom he has sent in from his respective districts; when from distance impossible, then by deputy. I offer every facility to visitors to inspect the buildings, but I will never allow the patients committed to my charge to be made a " show," or to be exposed to the gaze of the curious.

Return of Estimated Value of Supplies from Parm and Garden to Sunnyside Asylum, and of Sales effected, for the Year 1881. Sales. Supplied to Asylum. £ s. d. £ s. d. Garden produce ... ... ... ... 39 19 0 Potatoes, 36 tons 4 cwt., Contract at 60s. ... 108 12 0 Dripping ... ... ... ... 0 5 0 Garden and farm vegetables, 21,479 lb., at l_d. 134 410 Pat ... ... ... ... ... 4 8 7 Beanß, 54 bushels, at 3s. ... ... ... 8 2 0 Pigs ... ... ... ... ... 76 5 0 Peas, 25 bushels, at 3s. 6d. ... ... 4 7 6 Parm produce, peas ... ... ... 497 Hay, 10 tons, at 40s. ... ... ... 20 0 0 Pork, 1,680 lb., at 3_d. ... ... ... 24 12 11 £125 7 2 Mutton, 1401b., at l£d. ... ... ... 10 5 , ; Eggs, 1,006 d-jt.ii)-nt Is. 3d. per das. ... 5 4 9_ £431 11 7. Paem and Garden Peoduce supplied to Asylum from Ist January to 31st December, 1881. Potatoes, 81,076 lb.; cabbages, 5,497 lb.; radishes, 92 lb.; rhubarb, 1,113 lb.; french beans, 555 lb.; apples, 185 lb.; carrots, 4,650 lb.; onions, 966 lb.; tomatoes, 255 lb.; lettuce, 756 lb.; beetroot, 716 lb.; cauliflowers, 842 lb.; vegetablemarrows, 68 lb. j quinces, 71 lb.; turnips, 747 lb. j thyme, 12 lb.; red cabbages, 117 lb.; parsnips, 4,159 lb.; parsley, 29 lb.; horse-radish, 29 lb.; celery, 20 lb.; broccoli, 177 lb,; asparagus, 201 lb. j gooseberries, 202 lb. j strawberries, 20 lb.

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DUNEDIN. Beport by A. H. Neill, M.D., Medical Superintendent. The Dunedin Asylum consists of a number of low wooden buildings with iron roofs on the level of the soil, and are placed on an elevated site close to the Town Belt. The buildings were originally many years since used as soldiers' barracks, and were removed to their present site by Mr. Hume after much labour and trouble. They have been from time to time added to, as necessity for increased accommodation arose, and at present they are crowded into a limited space of ground. The condition of the buildings is bad, more especially the old portions, the wood and iron being worn out through age, and scarcely habitable were it not for paint and putty. The flooring has given way in many places, owing to decay of the timbers, and, except in newer portions of the building, the roofs and skylights leak like a sieve. This state of the buildings has been a source of much trouble, as it has not been considered desirable to expend much money on permanent repairs, seeing that before very long a large portion must be given over to the Governors of the new high school, and that removal to the new asylum at Seacliff must soon take place. The drainage system is defective. The water-closets and baths, with pantry-sinks and sculleries, being all located in interior of the buildings. The drainage necessarily passes under the sleeping rooms to outside of the building, where they empty into cesspools, situated too closely to windows of dormitories and day-rooms, and with the overflow trickling into an open drain running parallel with the greatest length of the asylum at a distance of only 70 feet, and giving out a dreadful stench day and night. The closets are merely long troughs containing water, requiring to be filled by hand, and cleared out at intervals during the day, which means an insanitary condition of things, and a need for a liberal use of disinfectants and deodorizers. The water in use has been supplied from the town pipes, but, owing to the supply being only on during the night, it has of course been limited in quantity. A large tank was built by Mr. Hume, which stored for daily use 2,800 gallons, but in case of fire during the day the whole mass of buildings was at the mercy of that element; however, owing to there being a great many doors opening from the wards on to the ground directly, I do not think that any risk to life could occur. With the exception of a very few pieces, the whole of the fire-hose is old and worn out, and burst when tested ; but, there being no water-pressure, fire-hose, even if new, would prove more ornamental than useful. The wards and dormitories are scrupulously clean and sweet-smelling, while the windows are open in daytime, but having an evil odour at night, owing chiefly to being so close to the surface of the ground, which, after so many years of occupation, has become saturated with emanations from the inmates, and consequently gives out an unpleasant smell during the night. The condition of the bedding and clothing is very good, and all are maintained in excellent order and cleanliness. The rations are of the best quality and sufficient in quantity ; they are well cooked and prepared and are served up to the patients with every regard to the decencies of life; the tables always have clean damask cloths on them at meals, and all utensils for table use are kept clean and bright, though of a homely character. The patients are waited on during their meals by the attendants. Owing to nearly all the better class of patients being removed to Seacliff temporary Asylum, there are very few among the males in this asylum who are either willing or able to work in any way. A few are occupied daily in the garden, perhaps not more than six, and about the same number are employed in cutting up firewood for daily use ; the remainder here are cases that cannot be employed in any manner. During summer months there are no dances held, the season when they begin being the Queen's Birthday, and continuing till the 9th November. A supply of illustrated papers and periodicals as well as daily papers is obtained, but of the former there is not sufficient, owing to Seacliff taking a portion ; an increased number will be obtained. A bagatelle-table is in front male ward here, and is constantly in use. The bread made here is supplied to hospital, gaol, and Seacliff Asylum, at a cost of 4fd. for 4-lb. loaf. A baker is kept on staff, and has an assistant from among the patients; the bread is thus supplied at cost price, and is uniformly of good quality. Pirewood is chiefly used for heating wards, and is obtained from Seacliff at merely the cost of carriage, thereby saving a considerable sum. All the potatoes used are grown on the farm at Seacliff, and are of best quality, and the ration in sufficient quantity ; they are delivered here at merely cost of carriage. Vegetables are grown in the garden belonging to the institution, and have been issued in ample quantity. All the soiled clothing of patients at Seacliff is sent in to town, and washed here, and clean articles gent out weekly. As yet there is no laundry at Seacliff, and if there was it would only necessitate a double set of servants and increased expense, which is avoided by having the washing done here. A considerable saving in expenditure is made by having nearly every article of raiment required by the female patients, as well as all bedding, &c, made and repaired by the females, a larger proportion of whom can thus be employed than among the males; and the greatest credit is due to the Matron for her unflagging energy and patience in trying to persuade the females to keep occupied, and to make their work remunerative. ~».., A shoemakers' shop has been established, and all the boots and shoes are made and repaired on the premises; it is under the charge of an attendant and one patient. I would recommend that this attendant be permanently employed in above capacity solely, and another man taken on the staff as an attendant. The proportion of male and female attendants to the patients is too small for safety, as, for instance, in the refractory and dangerous patients' ward there are fifty-three patients, and though there are nominally four male attendants for this ward, yet, by having one occupied daily, in shoemaking, and

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another away daily with a few patients cutting up firewood, there are only two attendants practically left to look after fifty-three dangerous lunatics —an unheard-of state of matters, carrying grave risk of life to both attendant and patient. In most British asylums the largest proportions of patients allowed to each attendant, taking them all over, quiet and gentle with refractory and dangerous, is never more than eleven to each attendant, and here it ranges as high as twenty-six violent cases to each. In the front ward, where there are thirty-five quiet patients, there are two attendants, one of whom, the gardener, is always out of doors, thus leaving one man to the care of all these lunatics; and in wet weather, when the patients are in-doors, the condition of matters is even worse. There can scarcely be much of a remedy for this state of things, as, owing to the crowded dormitories, there is not any sleeping accommodation for an increase in the staff at present. On the 31st December there were five males in excess of the estimated number, who had to sleep on shakedowns on floor in bath-room and passages, but in the female side there was room for three patients. The total admissions for the year 1881 were 113, of whom 92 were for the first time, and 21 were cases which had been under treatment on previous occasions. On the 31st December, 1880, there remained a total of 315, of whom 211 were males and 164 females. On the 31st December, 1881, there was a total of 327, of which number 219 were males and 108 females, showing an increase annually of 12 patients. Of the discharges during the year, 39 were recovered, 40 relieved, 2 not improved, 20 died. It is scarcely a trustworthy fact (the increase on year's admission) on which to found an assertion that lunacy is on the increase in this colony. Ido not think that among the population who have been born in the country, or who have been resident for some years, there is any appreciable increase of lunacy in proportion to population over any other country; if anything, it may possibly be less; and there is no difficulty in accounting for the apparent increase of twelve during the year 188.1 over 1880, a portion of admissions being those under the habitual drunkards' section of the Act, and others being recent importations from beyond sea, who have been in many cases, I believe, shipped off to get rid of the burden of looking after them. Then there are many cases sent to asylums as lunatics, who, if in Britain, would be cared for in podrhouses, who are not quite able to take care of themselves, but are quiet and harmless; such cases as these ought not to be secluded in asylums, where all their surroundings are kept up with so much expense, and which really they do uot require. These patients could be more cheaply maintained in ordinary hospitals or benevolent institutions, and the already large number of so-called lunatics be reduced, instead of being annually increased, as they will be when old age and poverty creep on with the present population. I cannot conclude my remarks without bearing testimony to the admirable manner in which this institution has hitherto been managed. Care and kindly forethought on behalf of the patients are evident at all hands, and each and all appear comparatively contented and happy.

Seacliff Asylum. The Seacliff Asylum is situated about twenty-four miles from Dunedin, on the Northern Railwayand is on a reserve of 900 acres; it stands high above the sea-level, and is surrounded by dense bush, but owing to the formation of the soil there is a magnificent and comprehensive view of both sea and inland. The permanent asylum is being built, and when complete will be one of the finest buildings of its kind in the Southern Hemisphere; but progress is very slow in building, and month passes month without much perceptible increase in work done. There are three temporary wooden houses, occupied by 133 patients, under the charge of a manager, and a large portion of these patients are able to work on the farm, clearing bush, and bringing the land into cultivation; of the above number all are males except five female patients, who are employed in the kitchen under a cook. No patients are sent to Seacliff who are dangerous or troublesome, or who are weak and sickly; all such are kept in Dunedin, and if any case of sickness occurs it is at once sent to town. Already a good many acres have been cleared, fenced, and cropped, and there are now a few cows kept, which supply the milk to asylum here ; there are also three horses, which are kept constantly at work carting firewood to stations and otherwise employed on the farm. All supplies are brought out from Dunedin Asylum, where the books are kept, and so a saving occurs in the staff, one set of books and accounts serving for both places. The patients here are all healthy, and comparatively happy and contented.

Beports by Mr. J. _S. Bradshaw, Deputy-Inspector. Dunedin, 13th March, 1882. On Sunday, the 12th instant, I made my first inspection of the Dunedin Asylum. The number in this Asylum is 196, viz., 100 females and 96 males. It being a Sunday all the patients were indoors or in the immediate vicinity, and I had an opportunity of seeing them all. I was shown by Dr. Neill every patient, and every part of the building. Throughout the building—in every part of it —bedding, beds, &c , were in a most satisfactory order, and perfect cleanliness. The patients were all apparently in good health, with the exception of a few suffering from decline, abscess, and paralysis. The wards occupied by male patients are over* crowded, so that some have to lie on the floor, and there is no room for more. The female wards are not full, there being room for fifteen more. The food here, as at Seacliff, is of most excellent quality; in fact the management seems to be all that is desirable.

3—H. 9.

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18

There were two complaints made, one by a patient that has been in the asylum for upwards of ten years. His name is A. T. A. He spoke most rationally and reasoned most closely. He declared to me that he was not insane, although (he said) he had been in a lunatic asylum long enough to make him mad. This unfortunate appealed to my honor and duty as Inspector to do justice to him, and to procure him his liberty. After consulting Dr. Neill I have come to the conclusion, from what he says, and from observation, that this patient, A., is not insane, and ought to be discharged.* It might be asked what this man, having no friends, is to do if he be discharged. My reply to such a question would be, " With that I have nothing whatever to do." He is a strong, healthy-looking person, and ought to be able, from his appearance, to earn his living outside of an asylum. lam of opinion that he is not mad, and I feel that it is my duty to say so. The other complaint was made by B. W., who was sent to the asylum as a lunatic with only a letter from the Eesident Magistrate of Dunedin. He was confined in a lunatic asylum without a medical certificate, and confined there several days with lunatics as his companions. Dr. Neill told me that he was not insane, and that he would be liberated on the following day, Monday. He would be discharged not as cured, for there was nothing to cure. Two medical men that were called in would not certify to his insanity. To say the least of it this man's case is a very harsh and cruel one. The stigma of insanity will follow him out of the asylum into the world, and I record his case for the information of the Hon. the Colonial Secretary.f The asylum is ill supplied with water. The supply is obtained from the Dunedin City Corporation works —from the Silverstream supply; but it is only obtainable at night; during the day the supply is cut off, and during that time the whole of this big structure of wood is at the mercy of a fire. Nothing could save it if a fire took place in day-time. The hose kept at the asylum is useless; it is worn out. J I have placed the foregoing on record so that the Government might be informed of the condition and management of the Dunedin Lunatic Asylum.

Dunedin, 14th March, 1882 Called at the asylum to-day, and was told by Dr. Neill that B. W. was discharged on Monday, the 13th instant.

Dunedin, 13th March, 1882. On Friday, the 10th instant, accompanied by Dr. Neill, I made my first visit of inspection of the Seacliff Lunatic Asylum. There were in the asylum 128 males and 5 females, in all 133, under the care of Mr. McDonald, the officer in charge. The building where these 133 patients are kept is a temporary one made of wood. The place is not sufficiently large to accommodate the whole of the inmates, and a few have to sleep on the floors. I visited the place just after tea-time, when all the patients were within the building, and therefore was able to see them all within a short space of time. I went through the entire building, saw every part of it, and every patient. No patient was in seclusion, none complained of illness, and all seemed cheerful and well. The building throughout every part was scrupulously clean, and the arrangements appeared very satisfactory. I was shown the water-supply ; it is procured from the roof of the building during wet weather, and is stored in twelve iron tanks, each containing 400 gallons. This supply, Dr. Neill informed me, was ample for the number of patients now in the building, that is to say for domestic purposes ; and I was also informed that there was no other source of supply that could be relied upon with certainty. If a fire occurred there would be a poor chance of putting it out, because the only means available for extinguishing fires are by the hand and hand-buckets. Dr. Neill and the officer in charge must feel very anxious about this matter, and it is to myself a matter of much concern, for I am afraid that the building would be totally destroyed. The inmates would probably all escape, as there are many ways of getting out of the building. The sanitary system is not satisfactory. The dirt from closets and other places is carried away into a cesspool, the overflow of which runs over the surface of the ground adjoining, and probably into or near the new buildings below it or their immediate vicinity. I most urgently recommend that this matter be attended to without delay. There is a licensed publichouse at the railway station at Seacliff. This house is situated no distance from the asylum, and may be the cause of trouble, and interfere with the good government of the asylum; and I must record my regret that a license was granted so near the asylum for the sale of spirituous liquors. I understand that it is the intention of the Government to procure a permanent water-supply to the new buildings; and I also understand that Mr. Blair, the Government Engineer, is of opinion that there is no difficulty in procuring a sufficient supply at a moderate cost. Further, lam told that the contractor will have his contract for a part of the building finished in contract time, say, in sis months; and I beg to recommend that no time be lost in putting this work in hand. An abundant supply of water of wholesome quality is an absolute necessity, and the sooner that supply is obtained the better. It would be all the better to err on the side of being too soon in the matter of a watersupply than too late.

Dunedin, 20th June, 1882. I inspected the Dunedin Asylum on the 18th instant. It being Sunday, all thepatients were indoors, and I saw them all, and conversed with many. No complaints were made. The number of patients in the Dunedin and Seacliff Asylums was 333, viz., 223 males and 110 females; or, in other words, at Dunedin, 95 males and 105 females; Seacliff, 128 males and 5 females.

# Since this was written A. T. A. has been discharged. f This man was under remand, and ought to have been accompanied by a warrant or order, on a charge of lunacy j the sth section of " The Lunatics Act, 1868," requires persons under remand to be sent to an asylum. J Immediately on receipt of this report instructions were sent by telegram to Dr. Neill to procure new hose.

19

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Since my last inspection, 18 have been admitted and 16 discharged. No person was uuder restraint; two females were in bed, secluded for the day from public view from outside for decency's sake. I spoke to them, they seemed contented and made no complaint. Five patients were sick and confined to their beds. The place is overcrowded, and some have to sleep on beds made up on the floor. I visited every part of the building, and am happy to say that I found everything in good order, and as clean as could be. I examined the books and other official papers, and found them in good order and properly kept. I went over the asylum with the Superintendent, Dr. Neill.

Seacliff Asylum. Dunedin, 20th June, 1882. Yesterday I visited the Seacliff Asylum in company with Dr. Neill. The officer in charge, Mr. McDonald, informed me that he had under his care 128 males and 5 female patients. With him and Dr. Neill I inspected all the buildings; went through every part of them, and am happy to say found them, as usual, very clean and free from offensive smells. A number of male patients were outside doing farm-work, but a larger number were within the buildings and yards doing nothing. I spoke freely to all who seemed desirous of speaking to me; they made no complaints; none were under restraint, nor in seclusion, and none sick in bed. Mr. McDonald answered all my questions in regard to the place and its inmates readily and satisfactorily. I omitted to say earlier that the 5 females were employed assisting in the kitchen.

H.—9

20

APPEIsTDIZ.

Table I.—Showing the Admissions, Readmissions, Discharges, and Deaths in Asylums during the Year 1881.

M. F. T. 728 F. 395 T. 1,123 In asylums 1st January, 1881 Admitted for the first time ... Eeadmitted 188 44 104 23 292 67 ] 232 127 359 Total under care during the year Discharged and removed — Eecovered ... Believed Not improved Died 93 41 8 49 65 36 1 14 158 77 9 63 960 > 191 522 116 1,482 307 Bemaining in asylums 31st December, 1881 769 406 1,175 Increase over 31st December, 1880 40 10 50 Average number resident during the year 747 388 1,135 Table II. —Admissions, Discharges, portion of Recoveries, &c, pei ,nd Deaths, * Cent, on the rith the Mean Annual Mortality and ProAdmissions, &c, during the Year 1881. Asylums. In Asylums 1st January, 1881. Admissions in 1881. Total Number of Patients under Care. Admitted for the First Time. Readmitted. Total. Auckland Napier Wellington Nelson Hokitika Christchurch Dunedin M. _.. 173 79 13 7 84 59 33 31 51 22 163 93 211 104 T. 252 20 143 64 73 256 315 M. 40 3 18 11 9 53 54 F. 19 1 11 4 9 22 38 T. 59 4 29 15 18 75 92 9 F. 10 _. 19 M. 49 3 22 12 13 62 71 F. 29 1 12 4 10 29 42 T. 78 4 34 16 23 91 113 M. _. 222 108 16 8 106 71 45 35 64 32 225 122 282 146 T. 330 24 177 80 96 347 428 4 1 4 9 17 1 0 1 7 4 5 1 5 16 21 Totals... 728 395 1,123 188 101 292 44 23 67 232 127 359 960 522 1,482 Table II.— CO: •.tinned. Patients Discharged and Died. in AsAsylums. Discharged Recovered. Discharged Not Recovered. Died. j Total Discharged and Died. 31st December, 1881. Auckland Napier Wellington Nelson Hokitika Christehurch ... Dunedin M. 22 1 10 1 6 32 21 F. 14 1 8 4 4 16 18 T. 36 2 18 5 10 48 39 M. 10 1 8 F. 9 0 5 T. 19 1 13 M. 16 1 5 1 2 7 17 F. 6 0 1 3 0 1 3 T. 22 1 6 4 2 8 20 ar. 48 3 23 2 9 43 63 F. 29 1 14 7 5 22 38 _. 77 4 37 9 14 65 101 m. f. _. 174 79 253 13 7 20 83 57 140 43 28 71 55 27 82 182 100 282 219 108 327 1 4 25 1 5 17 2 9 42 Totals ... 93 65 158 49 37 86 191 116 307 769 406 1,175 49 14 63 Table II.— co: ntinued. Asylums. . tvt _„ Percentage of Average dumber Kecoveries on the" Yea."" 8 Admissions during tHe -ear. the Year. Percentage of Deaths on Average K umber Resident during the Year. Percentage of Deatha on Number under Care, Percentage of Deatha on Admisaiona. Auckland Napier Wellington Nelson Hokitika Christehurch Dunedin jr. F. 172 75 13 7 80 56 38 29 51 23 173 92 220 106 .. 247 20 136 67 74 265 326 44-89 48-27 46-15 33-33100-00 50-00 45-45 66-66 52'94 833 100-00 31-25 46-15 40-00 43-40 51-61 55-17 52-74 29-57 42-85 34-51 M. F. T. 9-30 8-00 890 7'69 0-00 5-00 6-25 1-78 4-41 263 10-34 5-97 3'92 0-00 270 4-04 1-08 3-01 7-72 2-83 613 M. 7-20 6-25 4-71 2-22 3-12 3-11 6-02 F. T. 5-55 6-66 0-00 4-16 1-40 338 8-56 5-00 0-00 2-08 0-81 2-30 2-05 4-67 M. F. _. 32-65 20-68 28-20 33-33 0-00 25-00 22-72 8-33 17-64 8-33 75-00 25-00 15-37 0-00 4-34 11-29 3-44 8-79 2394 7-14 17-69 Totals... 747 388 1,135 40-08 51-10 44-01 6-29 3-60 5-55 5-10 2-68 4-25 21-12 11-02 17-54

21

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Table III.—Ages of the Admissions.

Table IV.—Duration of Disorder.

Table V. —Ages of Patients Discharged.

Table V.— continued.

Lges. _ucl Ian 1 [apier. lington. Ison. :i«1 :a. irisl turd iune< lin. 'oral. M. F. T. M. T. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. Tnder 5 years 'rom 5 to 10 years „ 10 „ 15 „ „ 15 „ 20 „ „ 20 „ 30 „ „ 30 „ 40 „ „ 40 „ 50 „ „ 50 „ 60 „ „ 60 „ 70 „ „ 70 ,, 80 „ „ 80 „ 90 „ Inknown 2 0 2 4 15 16 6 22 9 10 19 7 6 13 5 5 10 10 1 3 0 3 1 "i 2 10 1 1 "6 1 10 1 13 4 7 2 9 7 5 12 3 2 5 2 0 2 10 1 3 2 5 4 15 4 15 10 1 12 3 4 3 7 6 17 112 10 1 2 13 14 13 27 21 6 27 12 5 17 12 2 14 12 3 1 i 2 4 4 8 14 10 24 21 16 37 22 9 31 8 19 112 112 3 0 3 11 9 20 56 36 92 67 41 108 54 24 78 30 9 39 5 3 8 3 0 3 2 1 3 0 3 3 2 *4 6 Totals 49 29 78 3 14 13 10 23 62 29 91 22 12 34 12 4 16 71 42 113 232 127 359

Auckland. Napier. Wellington. Nelson. Hokitika. Cbristchurch. Dunedin. Total. first class iecond class ?hird class fourth class Jnknown M. F. T. 29 11 40 2 2 4 8 10 18 10 6 16 M. F. T. 10 1 2 13 M. F. T. 11 7 18 2 2 4 6 3 9 3 0 3 M. F. T. 4 3 7 7 18 1 0 1 M. F. T. 9 6 15 0 2 2 4 2 6 M. F. T. 14 3 17 7 18 8 5 13 2 4 6 31 16 47 M. F. T. 44 25 69 7 6 13 14 5 19 6 6 12 M. F. T. 112 55 167 27 15 42 41 25 66 21 16 37 31 16 47 Totals 49 29 78 3 14 22 12 34 12 4 16 13 10 23 62 29 91 71 42 113 232 127 359

Auckland. Napier. Wellington. Ages. Recovered. Recovered. R J« ed . Recovered. -, Not . Recovered. M. F. T. M. F. T. I O I I O I M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. From 5 to 10 ... » 10 „ is ... „ *5 .» 20... „ 20 „ 30 ... „ 30 „ 40... ,, 4° .. S° - „ s° » 60 ... „ 60 „ 70 ... „ 70 „ 80.., „ 80 „ 90 ... Unknown Oil 9 4 13 448 729 022 2 1 3 3 2S 2 1 3 022 « 4 S 1 o 1 I o I Oil I O I I O I 2 I 3 6 4 10 2 3 5 I I 2 3 3 6 4 1 S Totals 22 14 36 10 8 18 8 S *3 10 9 19 1 1 2 1 o 1

Nelson. Hokitika. Christchurch. Dunedin. Ages. Recovered. Recovered. ?J£_ Recovered. „ Not , Recovered. Recovered. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. 'rom s to *°". » 10 ., *S-" „ is ,, 20... „ 20 „ 30... » 30 „ 4°.•• „ 4° „ 5°— „ 50 „ 60... „ 60 „ 70... „ 70 „ 80... „ 80 „ 90.., Jnknown ... * 3 4 011 O I I 2 3 5 404 O I I I O I 112 5 6 11 *5 8 23 404 7 1 8 224 2 0 2 Oil 1 3 4 7 o 7 7 10 17 4 5 9 202 O I I S 1 12 S 7 12 11 1 12 4 1 S Oil Oil Totals 6 4 10 32 16 48 1 4 5 1 1 2 4 5 9 21 18 39 25 17 42

22

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Table VI.—Ages of Patients who Died.

Table VII. —Condition as to Marriage.

•ges. lIicI lan< [apier. lingl ton. Ison. :a. iristcl lurcl h. lunei [in, .otal M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. ¥. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. S to 10 o „ is S .. 20 io „ 30 [o „ 40 •o „ 50 ;o „ 60 >o „ 70 10 „ 80 !o „ 90 Jnknown Oil 2 3 S 606 303 2 1 3 202 I O I 1 O I 2 I 3 °33 I O I I O I Oil 2 0 2 2 0 2 1 O I 2 0 2 1 I 2 2 0 2 S 1 6 S o 5 202 2 1 3 I 2 3 5 1 ° 12 8 20 14 o 14 808 5 2 7 202 202 o 1 I I O I I O I I O I O I I I O I Totals 16 6 22 I O I S * 6 * 3 4 2 0 2 7 1 8 17 3 20 49 '4 63

Admissions. Discharges. Deaths. Auckland — Single Married Widowed Unknown M. 30 *7 O 2 F. T. 6 36 *7 34 5 5 * 3 M. F. T. 22 5 27 IO 15 2S o 3 3 M. 9 6 o F. T. 2 II 3 9 1 1 1 O I Totals 49 29 78 32 23 55. 16 6 22 Napier— Single Married Widowed 1 2 o I I 3 1 1 o 1 1 2 1 o 1 Totals 3 1 4 2 I 3 1 o I Wellington— Single Married Widowed "4 8 4 18 8 16 14 4 6 20 7 11 4 o I o I o 4 1 1 Totals 22 12 34 18 13 31 5 1 6 Nelson— Single Married Widowed 8 2 2 2 10 2 4 o 2 1 o 3 1 4 1 1 o 2 I 3 1 Totals 12 4 16 1 4 1 3 Hokitika — Single Married Widowed Unknown 9 2 2 o 2 11 5 7 2 4 1 1 5 2 o 2 2 1 7 4 1 2 o 2 Totals 13 10 23 7 S *2 2 o 2 Chpustchurch— Single Married Widowed 36 10 46 22 17 39 426 20 14 2 9 11 1 29 25 3 4 3 1 o 5 3 Totals 62 29 91 36 21 57 7 1 8 Dunedin— Single Married Widowed 43 *6 59 24 23 47 4 3 7 28 12 40 *5 21 si 3 2 j 9 6 2 1 2 o 10 8 2 Totals 71 42 113 46 35 81 __L_ '7 3 20 Totals— Single Married Widowed Unknown 141 40 181 77 73 *5o 12 12 24 3 * 4 9* 37 "28 46 58 104 5 7 *2 3° '5 4 o 6 36 7 22 0 4 1 1 Totals 233 126 359 14 63 142 102 244 49

23

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Table VIII.—Showing Native Countries of Patients at 31st December, 1881.

Table IX.—Ages of Patients at 31st December, 1881.

Table X.—Length of Residence of Patients who Died during the Year 1881.

:ob Countries. lUC] km fapier. lingl ton. Ison. :iti] :a. iris! lure >une< lin. M. F. T. I .6l 141 402 131 69 2O0' 2l8 128 346 40 3* 7 1 8 3 ** 729 21 4 25 224 *4 * *5 10 4 14 10 o 10 11 o 11 6 7 13 5 ■ 6 3 * 4 10 1 202 England Scotland Ireland New Zealand Australia France Germany Norway Sweden Denmark Italy China Maoris America Wales Tasmania Jersey and Guernsey Holland Other countries M. F. 67 28 >7 5 43 29 24 9 2 o T. 95 22 72 33 2 M. F. T. 6 2 8 2 0 2 426 12 3 m. r. t. 35 *8 53 6 5 11 21 20 41 5 7 '2 i 1 2 M. _. T. 17 9 26 628 14 8 22 2 6 8 M. F. T. iS 9 24 8 3 11 22 14 36 M. 69 18 65 4 F. 50 IO 27 2 T. 119 28 92 6 M. F. 52 25 74 44 49 28 4 S 4 * 1 o 5 2 2 o 4 o 3 o 5 o 8 o 2 o t 77 118 77 9 5 1 7 2 4 3 5 8 2 3 o 3 o 3 3 3°3 022 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 o 1 303 2 6 o 2 O I I O 2 7 1 2 3 * 2 1 1 o 2 o 3 6 2 o 4 3 1 2 9 2 O I I 404 2 3 5 I O ] I O I 202 I O I 202 1 o 1 1 o 1 1 1 2 3 3 1 I I o 4 2 o 2; 1 o 1 18 12 30 1 o 2 5 2 7 1 5 o 7 I 1 12! 6 ". 9 769 4061,175 Totals 83 57 "4o '74 79 253 ■3 7 20 43 28 71 55 27 82 182 100 282 219 108 327

Ages. Auckland. Napier. Wellington. Nelson. Hokitika. Christchurch. Dunedin. Total. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. 1 to s years 5 .» *° » o „ 15 „ 5 » 20 „ io „ 30 „ [o „ 40 „ to „ .50 „ ;o „ 60 „ io ., 70 „ 'O „ 80 „ io „ 90 „ Jnknown O I I 4i 5 11 2 35 12 47 52 21 73 34 16 5° 3' 16 47 11 5 16 3 * 4 246 7 3 IO 3 o 3 1 I 2 3 3 6 '4 9 23 33 18 51 18 12 30 9 7 16 4 5 9 02 2 1 o 1 I O I I 2 3 6 s 11 166 22 11 11 22 4 4 8 303 1 0 1 I O I 426 20 IO 30 20 6 26 7 2 9 2 2 4 1 2 3 2 3 5 24 13 37 46 24 70 67 34 101 27 14 41 8 3 n 202, 112 3 " 4 224 25 12 37 59 36 95 7 1 43 **4 47 8 S5 8412 3 * 4 I 2 $ II s '6 gil 20 no 57 167 233 "8 35" 224 122 346 125 5 1 *7° 37 "9 5° 9 4 *3 1 o 1 9 17 26 1 o 1 3 5 8 i s " I 5 7 *2j Totals ... 174 79 253 13 7 20 83 57 Ho 43 28 71 55 27 82 182 100 282 219 108 327 769 4061,175

Auckland. Napier. Wellington. Nelson. Hokitika. Christchurch. Dunedin. Total. Jnder 1 month 1 to 3 months 3 » 6 » 6 ,, 9 „ 9 » "2 ,, 1 „ 2 years 2 „ 3 » 3 .. 5 .. 5 j) 7 » 7 ., 10 „ o » 12 „ 2 „ 15 „ .ver is „ While on trial... M. f. T. I 1 2 5 o s 1 2 3 M. F. t. M. F. T. H. F. T. I I 2 M. F. T. M. F. T. I I 2 I O I I 6 I M. F. T. 2 O _ 2 0 2 I O I M. -. T, 4 2 6 9 i 10 426 303 3 1 4 9 4 13 505 5 o 5 1 1 2 202 I O I o 1 1 426 2 0 2 O I I 2 0 2 2 0 2 3 0 3 I 6 I 3 1 4 202 1 o 1 I O I I O I I O I I O I I O I I O I 1 o 1 0 1 1 1 o 1 112 1 1 2 303 O I I Oil 3 2 s Totals ... 16 6 22 5 ■ 6 49 14 63 I O I I 3 4 2 0 2 7 ' 8 17 3 20

H.—9.

24

Table XI.—Length of Residence of Patients Discharged Recovered.

Table XII.—Causes of Death.

Length of Residence. Auckland. Napier. Wellington. Nelson. Hokitika. Christchurch. Dunedin. Total. Under I month From i to 3 mos. » 3„ 6 „ „ 6„ 9 , „ 9» 12 „ ,, 1 „ 2 yrs. » 2 „ 3 „ j, 3 )» 5 » » 5 .. 7 » „ 7 ,, 10 „ „ 10 „ 12 ,, „ 12 ,,15 ., Over 15 „ M. F. T. 4 5 9 628 3 1 4 3 2 s 2 1 3 3 1 4 022 1 o 1 M. F. T. I O I M. F. T. 5 4 9 303 o 1 1 M. F. T. O I I O 1 I M. F. T. I I 2 2 I 3 I I 2 M. F. T. 628 8 3 " 10 5 15 3 1 4 022 5 2 7 M. F. T. 6 4 10 12 IO 22 M. F. T. 23 l6 39 31 17 48 14 9 23 7 4 11 6 5 11 8 8 16 1 4 S 2 1 3 112 O I I I I 2 3 I 4 0 3 3 Oil O I I O I I I O I I I 2 I O I Oil 1 1 2 i ... Totals 22 14 36 I I 2 10 8 18 1 4 5 6 4 10 32 16 48 I 21 l8 39 I 1 I 93 6S 158

Under 1 month From 1 to mos. „ 3„ 6 „ „ 6„ 9 „ „ 9» 12 „ ,, 1 „ 2 yrs. „ 2 „ 3 „ j) 3 » 5 » „ 5 „ 7 » „ 7,, 10 „ „ 10 „ 12 ,, »12 ,,15 ., Over 15 „ M. F. T. 4 5 9 628 3 1 4 3 2 S 2 1 3 3 1 4 022 1 o 1 M. F. T. I O I M. F. T. 5 4 9 303 o 1 1 M. F. T. O I I 0 I I 1 I 2 M. F. T. I I 2 2 I 3 I I 2 M. F. T. 628 8 3 II 10 S '5 3 1 4 022 5 2 7 M. F. T. 6 4 10 12 10 22 M. F. T. 23 16 39 3i 17 48 H 9 23 7 4 11 6 S 11 8 8 16 1 4 S 2 1 3 112 3 1 4 0 3 3 Oil o 1 1 O I I 0 I I 1 O I 1 1 2 I O I 011 1 1 2 i ... Totals 22 14 36 I I 2 10 8 18 1 4 5 6 4 10 32 16 48 1 21 18 39 I 1 I 93 65 158 Table XII.—Causes of Death. Total. Causes. Auckland. Napier. Wellington. Nelson. Hokitika. Christchurch. Dunedin. M. F. T. Diseases of the Nervous SystemGeneral paralysis Brain disease Epilepsy ... Softening of the brain Effusion on the brain Cerebro spinal atrophy Acute mania Alcoholic degeneration Disease of motor centres of brain Diseases of the Circulatory System — Apoplexy ... Mitral disease of heart Diseases of the Respiratory System, — Pneumonia Phthisis pulmonalis... Diseases of the Digestive System— Diarrhoea ... Cancer of the stomach Diseases of the Urinary System —■ Renal dropsy Diseases of the Generative System — Cancer of the uterus Diseases of the Organ of Locomotion— M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. 2 0 2 I O I M. F. T. 404 2 0 2 13 I 14 7 o 7 202 I O I 404 404 I O I 3 o 3 O I I I O I I O I I O 1 I O I 202 I O I I O I I O I 2 0 2 I O I I O I I O I 202 1 o 1 I O I I O I 101 2 I 3 5 4 9 2 O 2 0 I I 1 O I 2 I 3 2 1 3 Oil O I I 224 I O I 022 I O I 2 0 2 I O I I O I Oil O I I I O I Gangrene of the foot General Injuries and Diseases Not Otherwise Classified — Scarlatina... Cancer Foreign body in larnyx Suicide by hanging ... Senile decay General debility Typhoid fever Injury to head, fracture of skull I O I Oil Oil 202 Oil Oil I I 2 202 Oil O I I 1 O I O I I Oil I O I I O I O I I I O I I O I 49 14 63 Totals 16 6 22 S 1 6 1 1 8 1 o 1 1 3 4 202 17 3 20

H.—9.

Table XIII. —Causes of Insanity in the Admissions.

4—II. 9.

25

Total. Causes. Auckland. Napier. Wellington. Nelson. Hokitika. Christchurch. Dunedin. M. F. T.] 8412 M. F. T. 4 1 5 M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. I O I M. 2 F. T. 2 4 M. I F. T. 1 2 Old age 606 Injury to head 1 o 1 I O 1 O I 3 o 3 O I 1 Scarlatina o 1 1 112 Typhoid fever 1 1 2 O I I Erysipelas Oil 0 2 2 Suppression of menses... 022 0 9 9 Puerperal state 0 2 2 O I I O I I O 5 5 3 o 3 Sunstroke 202 I o 1 3 1 4 Epilepsy 2 O 2 1 1 2 7 2 9 Congenital weakness ... 426 3 o 3 29 * 5 44 Hereditary predisposition 426 O I I 4 3 7 4 3 7 4 2 6 '3 4 17 022 Hysteria o 1 i o 1 1 49 '5 6 4 Intemperance 5 2 7 5 i 6 2 13 3 i 4 17 1 18 '7 9 26 9 211 Mental anxiety, business losses, and want of employment 6 _ 7 I I 2 I o I 1 o 1 9 8 17 Domestic troubles 022 I O I 8 6 14 2 r 3 Love-disappointment ... I I 2 1 o 1 1 o 1 Blood-poisoning I O I 1 o 1 Religious mania O I 1 o 1 Over-study ... I O I o 1 1 808 Uterine disease O I I Solitude I O 1 I o I 1 O I 5 o 5 I 0 I Pecuniary losses I O I o 7 7 Climacteric ... O 2 2 o 5 5 O I I Puberty O I I 7 1 8 Masturbation 2 0 2 5 1 6 3 14 Grief 112 2 0 2 202 Syphilis 2 0 2 1 o 1 Cerebral disease I O I I o I Jealousy I O I I o I Malnutrition ... I O I O I I General decay O I I 8 5 13 Mental worry 6 4 10 2 1 3 1 o 1 Excesses 0 1 1 o I Hard life 1 O I 3 o 3 Bodily disease 3 o 3 I O J Treatment by a quack... 1 o 1 I O I General paralysis 1 o 1 I o 1 Measles 1 o 1 088 Parturition ... o 8 8 6 5 11 Idiots and imbeciles 6 5 11 044 Amenorrhoea o 4 4 3 3 (> Emigration and congenital weakness O I I 3 2 5 o 1 1 Childlessness o 1 1 54 25 79 Unknown 22 13 35 5 i 6 2 0 2 i 3 4 22 8 30 2 o 2 132 127 359 Totals 49 29 78 3 i 4 22 12 34 12 4 16 13 10 23 62 1 29 91 7i ■ 42 113

H.—9.

Table XIV.—Occupations.

26

Occupations. Auckland. Napier, Wellington. Nelson. i Hokitika. Christchurch. Dunedin. Total. Males. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. I O I M. F. T. M. P. T. 3 o 3 1 o 1 202 I O I Bushmen Bailiffs Bakers Bullock-drivers Butchers Contractors Curriers Carpenters Cabinetmakers Cooks ... Clickers Carters Clerks Commission agents Cab-drivers Clergymen Drapers Doctors Engineers Engine-drivers Farmers Fitters I O I I O I I O I I O I 202 1 O I1 I I O I I O I I O 1 I O I 2 0 2 I O I I O I I o 1 I 0 1 I O I 2 0 2 I O I I O I I O I I O I I O I I O I I O I I O I 202 I O I 909 303 3 o 3 1 0 1 1 o 1 5 o 5 202 1 o 1 I o I 3 o 3 1 o 1 202 101 I O I I 0 I I o I I O I I O I 202 I O I I o 1 606 404 101 I O I I O I 19 o 19 I O I 7 o 7 I O I IOl 404 I O I Gum-sorters ... I O I I o 1 I O I 202 202 I O I I O I 202 I O I Grocers Gardeners Gentlemen Horse-dealers... Iron-moulders Journalists Labourers Licensed victuallers Merchants Maori chief ... Miners I O I 202 I O I I O I 202 I O I I O I '3 o 13 5 o s 21 O 21 23 o 23 I o 1 15 o 15 I O I 79 o 79 404 202 I o I 16 o 16 3 o 3 5 o s I O I 808 I O I 202 7 o 7 I O I 202 5 o s 1 o 1 I O I I O I I O I I O I 3 0 3 I O I I O I 202 606 8 "o 8 Messengers ... Painters Printers Sailors Stockmen School-teachers Shoemakers ... Storemen Storekeepers ... Shepherds Solicitors Salesmen Surveyors Saddlers Stonemasons ... Telegraphist ... Tinsmiths 3 o 3 I O I I O I 202 1 o 1 I O I 404 I o 1 2 0 2 202 I O I I o 1 I o I I O I I o 1 404 I O I I O I 404 I O I I O I I O I I O I I O I I O I I O I I O I I O I I O I I O I I O I I O I Turners Wool-classers I O I I 0 I I O I Females. Barmaids Domestic servants Domestic duties Dressmakers ... Governesses ... Housewives ... Inmate of Refuge 099 O I 1 o 3 3 088 022 022 O I I o "e 6 044 066 Oil O I I O II II o 23 23 O I I o 30 30 0 45 45 Oil O I I O I I 022 o 26 26 o 14 14 o I 1 O II II O I I O I I Oil Nurses Settlers' daughters School-teachers Washerwomen No occupation Unknown 022 4 3 7 I O I o 1 1 Oil 246 O I I O I 1 ,257 0 2 2 0 3 3 0 I I II 13 24 1 I 2 3 ° 3 Oil Oil Totals 49 29 j8 12 4 l6 62 29 91 I 3 i 4 22 12 34 13 10 23 71 42 113 232 127 359

H.—9.

Table XVI.—Average Cost of Maintenance of each Patient per Annum.

Table XV.— Showing the Expenditure for the Year 1881.

27

Total. Items. Auckland. Christchurch. Dunedin. Hokitika. Napier. Nelson. Wellington. Total. £ s. d. 350 o o 237 10 o 542 2 O 414 1 6 123 10 o 707 10 o 931 6 8 •,347 7 9 380 o o 474 5 ° 8,893 '3 5 10,132 13 10 2,181 13 5 3,493 "5 4 189 15 8 130 10 3 74 9 o 4,422 18 2 (^Inspector ... j Accountant *-{ Medical fees I Contingencies (jLocal Inspectors Visiting Medical Officer Medical Superintendents Superintendents Clerks Matrons Attendants and servants Rations Fuel and light Bedding and clothing Surgery and dispensary Wines, spirits, ale, and porter ... Furniture ... Necessaries, incidental and miscellaneous £ s. d. 47 10 o 380 o o 73 10 o 66 10 o 1,747 'I 5 1,939 19 10 363 6 3 690 1 9 I 27 4 1 26 14 o 74 9 ° I +1,027 ' 2 6,463 17 6 843 9 8 £ s. d. 47 10 o 518 o o 243 15 ° 145 o o 95 o o 1,804 6 9 2,647 15 1 690 o 2 1,019 '4 7 71 16 2 18 6 o £ s. d. ... 285 o o 33 6 8 380 o o 85 10 o 95 o o 2,793 11 8 72,190 4 7 213 10 11 714 1 4 29 12 10 58 12 o £ s. d. ... 28 10 o 95 o o 261 5 o 7 1 S o 641 11 6 708 19 o 52 12 10 233 16 6 9 10 1 3 17 3 £ s. d. 47 10 o 37 >o o £ ■• d. ... ... 190 o o 142 10 o 66 10 o 464 16 8 869 9 o 182 12 1 186 14 4 5 5 3 14 9 o £ s. d. 90 o o 282 7 9 7600 80 o o £ s. d. 35O O O 237 10 o 542 2 O 414 1 6 123 10 o 707 10 o 931 6 8 1.347 7 9 380 o o 474 5 ° 8,893 13 5 10,132 13 10 2.'8i 13 5 3.493 '5 4 189 15 8 130 1o 3 74 9 o 4,422 18 2 237 10 o 284 5 5 76 10 4 45 o o 14 8 10 5 ° o 1,204 5 5 1,492 o 11 603 o 1o 604 6 10 3i 18 5 3 12 o 1,008 18 5 989 13 o 7,868 3 o i,754 811 388 18 o 66 11 1 274 o 10 667 15 8 3,5027 2 O 5,611 12 5 Totals ... 8,310 2 2 !>3°3 3 8 2,495 5 2 167 1 o 814 5 8 99 16 o 2,396 7 2 410 16 8 Repayments 5,'35 7 10 1,032 2 o 35,027 2 o 5,611 12 5 29.4IS 9 7 Actual expenditure 5,620 7 10 j 7,006 18 6 6,113 14 I 2,228 4 2 714 9 8 1,985 10 6 4>IO 3 5 i° 29>4'5 9 7 * General expenses not included in Table XVI. t Repayment for bread supplied to gaol and hospital is deducted (£514 9s. 7d.). t Includes £81 17s. Sd. for "farm."

Asylums. Provisions. Salaries. Bedding and Fuel and IJght . **— Wines Spirits, Clothing. Dispensary, i &CNecessaries, Rmarnitnt Incidental Total Cost per Repayment and . Patient. Maintenance . Miscellaneous. Cost per Head, less Repayments. Cost per Head previous Year. Decrease in 1S81. Increase in 1881. Auckland Chris tchurch Dunedin Hokitika Napier Nelson Wellington ... £ s- d. 7 17 1 9 19 oi 6 14 4i 9 11 7i 14 4 3. 12 19 6 10 '9 5 £ b. d. 9 3 2| 1 o 1 1 9-i 8 11 4i 14 8 ni 16 2 10 12 17 1 oi 12 14 9_ £ s. d. 2 15 io. 3 16 l. 2 3 9i 250 2 15 83 4 8 ioi £ s. d. 1 9 5 2 12 of o 13 'i o 14 2! 3 16 6 2 14 6 488 £ s. d. o 2 2I o 5 5 o 1 9! o 2 6| 0 '4 5 o 1 6i o 4 8i £ s. d. 022 o 1 4i o 3 7 o 1 oj 050 o o 6i £ s. d. 4 3 2vr 3 16 1. 3 o 8_ ,i_ 3 6 6i 4 1 9i 4 18 2i £ 8. d. 26 3 4_ 31 7 2 24 2 8J 33 14 440 14 3* 35 15 337 IS 2i £ s- d. 3 8 34 18 4 5 7 7i 2 5 '* 4 19 4 6 2 7. 7 11 io_ £ B. d. 22 15 I 26 8 IO 18 15 I 3' 9 2f 35 '4 ni 29 12 8i 30 3 3f 24 11 ii £ s. d. 27 15 10 27 16 ii 19 2 oi 33 1 7i 34 13 9f 34 16 oi 3 1 '8 Si 26 15 if £ s. d. £ s . d. S°9 1 7 3_ 0 6 ni 1 12 4I 1 1 i| 5 3 4i 1 15 i. 2 4 oi Averages ... ... ... ... ... 4 18 I0_ 29 10 o

H.—9

28

Table XVII. —Statement of Receipts on Account of Lunatic Asylums during the Year ended 31st December, 1881

Table XVIII.—Expenditure on Asylum Buildings during the Financial Year ended 31st March, and Liabilities for the same.

Table XIX.—Contracts for Asylum Buildings.

Table XX. —Total Expenditure for Repairs and Buildings at each Asylum from 1st July, 1877, to 31st March, 1882.

! I . By Authority : Gemote Didsbuby, Government Printer, Wellington.—1882.

Maintenance. .01 luce or An Sold. :ici les Sread snpplie, Gaol. to Sread supplied to Hospital. Total. £ s. d. 738 14 5 1.'75 1 7 1,732 ' 5 98 14 o 99 16 o 401 15 10 £ B. d. 104 '5 3 128 2 1 22 7 6 68 7 o £ s. d. £ B. d. £ s. d. 843 9 8 1,303 3 8 2,268 .8 6 167 1 0 99 16 o 410 16 8 .uckland Ihristchurch )unedin lokitika lapier Telson lew Plymouth ... Vellington 9010 361 16 1 152 13 6 982 2 10 5° '3 8 1,032 16 6 Totals... 5,228 6 1 383 6 4 361 16 152 13 & 6,126 2 o

Asylums. Expended to 31st March, 1882. Liabilities, 31st March, 1882. .uckland Wellington "hristchurch lead iff Jelson Japier £ s. d. 6,132 13 10 1,305 18 2 7,1 10 17 10 12,037 11 2 5' '8 6 60 o o £ s. d. 1,430 1 o 240 10 o 1,598 18 7 54,760 8 2 416 4 o Totals 26,698 19 6 58,446 1 9

Buildings. _, . . . . Date fixed for CornTender Accepted. -^.-^ Contract Price. Extras. Auckland (new west wing) . ... ,, (laundry and boiler-house) ,, (gas-houses) ,, (furniture) Vellington (dwelling-house) .hristchurch (additions to No. 2 contract) ,, (female division) leacliff (No. 1 contract) ... „ (No. 2 contract) ... Nov. 5, 1878 Match 7, 1881 Oct. 31, 1881 Feb. ' 1, 1882 Jan. n, 1882 Feb. 5, 1880 Oct. 10, 1881 Oct. 10, 1879 Dec. 31, 1881 May 21, 1880 Sept. 7, 1881 Jan. 26, 1882 Feb. 25, 1882 April 9, 1882 March 31, 1881 April 10, 1882 April 10, 1882 March 31, 1883 £ s. d. 16,923 o o 2,31310 o 679 o o 202 10 4 660 o o 19,227 12 1 1,400 o o 20,726 13 o 49,245 6 o £ s. d. 2,017 17 o 5 6 3 'o 498 5 2 733 6 8

Asylum?. 1877-78. 1878-79. 1879-80. >SSo-Si. 1881-83. Total Expenditure. 57 H **- < 3 u x m - S "_ !£C_-_^-, -J Net Expenditure. -uckland ... Wellington .hristchurch .unedin S Tapie>r lokifika ... s Telson £ B. d. 4,183 1 4 90 o o 2=5 7 3 £ s. d. 5>'5° 15 7 3,797 '5 " 1,239 " 6 2,690 10 2 £ B. d. ",559 7 « 1,453 '7 1° 7,255 '7 3 6,447 IO I0 £ B. d. 8,144 11 8 6,517 10 11 18,590 3 4 6,185 5 8 87 o o 44 17 11 34 16 o £ s. d. 6,132 13 10 1,305 18 2 7,110 17 10 12,037 " 2 60 O 0 £ s. d. 35,170 9 " 13,165 2 10 34,401 17 2 27,360 17 10 147 o o 1,042 18 10 86 14 6 £ s. d. 426 19 16 o £ s. d. 35,<7o 9 11 13,161 o 4 34,401 17 2 27,341 1 10 147 o o 1,042 18 10 86 14 6 275 19 o 722 1 11 5_'.8 6 'fotals 4,478 8 7 39,604 s 61 26,698 19 6 23 18 6 '3>'S4 '2 2 2 7.438 15 4 "1.375 1 1 m.351 2 1