FURTHER DESPATCHES FROM THE RIGHT HON. THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE COLONIES AND HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR OF NEW ZEALAND, Comprised in Papers on the Affairs of New Zealand, presented to the Imperial Parliament, and not previously published, in the Colony. ALSO CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE COLONIAL OFFICE, THE WAR OFFICE, AND THE ADMIRALTY; AND BETWEEN SIR GEORGE GREY AND THE COLONIAL OFFICE.

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1870 Session I, A-01b

A.—No. 1b

FURTHER DESPATCHES FROM THE RIGHT HON. THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE COLONIES AND HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR OF NEW ZEALAND, Comprised in Papers on the Affairs of New Zealand, presented to the Imperial Parliament, and not previously published, in the Colony. ALSO CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE COLONIAL OFFICE, THE WAR OFFICE, AND THE ADMIRALTY; AND BETWEEN SIR GEORGE GREY AND THE COLONIAL OFFICE.

WELLINGTON.

1870.

A.—No. la,

SCHEDULE OB DESPATCHES FROM THE GOVERNOR OF NEW ZEALAND TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE.

a i — .© Sttn Date and Number. Subject. ta S 5 June, 1869 (No. 65.) Regarding the condition of New Zealand, and also as to the transmission of various Returns 3 20 June, 1869 (No. 70.) Transmits Reports of an interview between Mr. Eirth, accompanied by three English friends, and several of the principal adherents of the so-called Maori King ... 6 30 June, 1869 (No. 76.) Respecting the remarks made in Earl Granville's Despatch No. 28, of the 26th Eebruary, concerning the last periodical visit of inspection of Major-General Sir T. Chute to the Troops in New Zealand 7 4 Julv, 1869 (No. 80.) Respecting the removal of the 18th Regiment, and the appointment of some person to act for the Governor in the event of his death, incapacity, or absence ... 9 5 July, 1869 (No. 81.) Relating to certain expressions in several of Earl Granville's recent Despatches, Nos. 12 and 30, of 1869. Submits explanations. 12 G Julv, 1869 (No. 82.) 7 July, 1869 (No. 83.) Telegram, Governor of Ceylon to Earl Granville. Explanations respecting Earl Granville's Despatch No. 30, of tho 26th Eebruary, with regard to Native affairs, the Colonial Forces, and the prisoners who escaped from the Chatham Islands. Respecting the questions raised in the two concluding paragraphs of Earl Granville's Despatcli No. 30, of 1869, with reference to a reward of £1,000 for the person of the Maori Chief, Titokowaru Transmits Telegram from the Governor of New Zealand, dated 7th August. States that Resolutions have been passed, almost unanimously, in both Houses of the New Zealand Parliament, praying for the detention of the 18th Regiment as a garrison and moral support. Requests that a Telegram may be sent to General Chute in Melbourne Relating to the Telegram sent concerning the conclusion of Earl Granville's Despatch No. 62, of 21st May, 1869 ... 16 19 22 31 July, 1869 (No. 98.) 23 10 3 Aug., 1869 (No. 100.) Transmits copies of tho Letters addressed to General Chute and Commodore Lambert in forwarding the Ministerial Memorandum of 6th July, 1869 24 11 4 Aug., 1869 (No. 101.) Respecting the employment of Captain Young, 18th (Royal Irish) Regiment, in repairing and improving the stockades and redoubts at Waikato 25 12 4 Aug., 1869 (No. 102.) Transmits a " Casualty Roll" of the Europeans killed and wounded by the rebel Maoris, between 1st June, 1868, and 1st August, 1869 ; and also a Return of the Europeans and Natives killed and wounded between 1st May, 1868, and 5th June, 1869 28 13 30 Aug., 1869 (Confidential.) Explains that he marked his Despatch " Confidential" on the affairs of New Zealand, of 7th December, 1868, in accordance with the spirit of the instructions contained in the late Duke of Newcastle's Circular Despatch of 5th February, 1864, with respect to periodical Reports of this kind Willi reference to Sir George Grey's and Sir Charles Clifford's " Protest," published in England, forwards comments on it by certain newspapers 35 14 2 Sept., 1869 (Confidential.) 35 15 4 Sept., 1869 (No. 113.) Transmits the Charge of Mr. Justice Johnston to tho Grand Jury at Wellington, September 1, previous to the trial of the Maori prisoners ; and also Opinion of the Attorney-General of New Zealand, and other documents ... 37 16 Telegram. States that Resolutions have been passed by both Houses of the New Zealand Parliament, praying for detention of the 18th Regiment as a garrison and moral support 38 17 17 Sept., 1869 (Confidential.) Respecting the publication of certain Despatches in the next collection to be laid before the Imperial Parliament 38 18 18 Sept., 1869 Relative to Swords of Honor to be awarded to certain loyal Maori Chiefs 39 19 14 Oct., 1869 (No. 134.) In continuation of the Governor's Reports of his official visits to the various parts of New Zealand ; his journey from Wellington to Auckland by the West Coast, and visits to Wanganui, Patea, and Taranaki 39 20 22 Oct., 1869 (No. 135.) Calling attention to certain errors in the Report, as published in the English newspapers, of the Speech of the Right Honorable W. Monsell, in the House of Commons, on the the 22nd July, 1869 43 21 25 Oct., 1869 (No. 137.) Further Reports of Governor's journeys in New Zealand —official visit to the Kaipara District 45 22 26 Oct., 1869 (No. 138.) States that he had learned with much concern that Commodore Lambert had incurred the censure of the Lords of the Admiralty in connection with the removal of the 2-18th Regiment, and offers remarks thereon ... 47 23 Telegram. Preliminaries of peace have been arranged with the so-called Maori King—Commissioners Bell and Fcatherston proceed to England this month 49 24. Telegram. Peace negotiations will be endangered by the removal of the troops 49 25 12 Nov., 1869 (No. 143.) 15 Nov., 1869 (No. 146.) Transmitting a Telegram, in original, as received from the Acting Governor of Ceylon ... 49 26 17 Nov., 18G9 (No. 148.) Forwarding an interesting Report, by Lieut.-Colonel St. John (now of the New Zealand Militia, and formerly an officer in Her Majesty's 20th foot), on the Urewera and Taupo country Final Judgment of the Native Lands Court, recently delivered at Wellington, in the case of the Rangitikei-Manawatu Land Claims, which has caused much angry discussion during several years past in the Southern part of this Island 49 27 55

SCHEDULE OE DESPATCHES FROM THE SECRETARY OF STATE TO THE GOVERNOR OF NEW ZEALAND.

4f&9£ 1b.

SCO Date and Number. Subject. ta Award of a Sword of Honor to the Native Chief Te Kepa, in recognition of his services ... 56 14 July, 1869 Confidential 15 July, 1869 Very Confidential. Stating that directions have been given to, the Commanding Officers of H.M. Ships cruising in the neighbourhood of New Zealand to show themselves in those parts in which rebellion or disaffection is reported to exist 57 21 Aug., 1869 (No. 93.) Has learnt with satisfaction that the New Zealand Government have organized an effective Force for the maintenance of peace, and that hopes are entertained of pacification between the local Government and the Maori King 57 20 Sept., 1869 (No. 99.) With reference to the Governor's correspondence with Sir Trevor Chute respecting the withdrawal of the Imperial Troops from New Zealand 57 4 Oct., 1869 (No. 105.) Acknowledges Governor's Despatch No. 8l', of the 5th July, relating to Lord Granville's Despatches No. 12, of the 29th January, and No. 30, of the 26th February, 1869 58 6 Oct., 1869 (No. 106.) With reference to P.S. in Despatch No. 80 from Governor, as to the appointment of an Officer to administer the Government in the event of the Governor's absence. Approves of Mr. Fox being informed that the Governor could not detain the 18th Regiment 58 7 Oct., 1869 (No. 108.) Approves of the terms in which the Governor sent to Sir Trevor Chute and Commodore Lambert the Resolutions and Act of the Legislature 53 7 Oct., 1869 (No. 112.) States that, on the 29th September, a Telegram was sent to the Governor of Ceylon to inform the Governor of New Zealand that, except in case of unexpected calamity, Her Majesty's Government adhere to the policy signified in Lord Granville's Despatches Nos. 62 and 75 59 9. 18 Oct., 1869 (No. 118.) Acknowledges Despatch No. 102, forwarding tho " Casualty Roll" of Europeans killed and wounded between 1st June, 1868, and 1st August, 1869; and also a list of the killed and wounded Europeans and Natives from 1st May, 1868, to 5th June, 1869... 59 10 4 Nov., 1869 (No. 121.) With reference to the reward of £1,000 for tho person of the Chief Titokowaru and £5 for every Maori rebel. Explains purport and meaning of passage in Lord Granville's Despatch No. 30, of the 26th February 6& 11 5 Nov., 1869 (No. 125.) Relative to the employment of Captain Young, and to general questions of Military Defence. Refers the Governor to his Lordship's Despatch No. 115, of 7th October, on the subject of the withdrawal of tho Imperial Troops 61 12 5 Nov., 1869 Confidential Acknowledges Confidential Despatch of 30th August, requesting permission to publish his Confidential Despatch of 7th December, 1868. Informs him that this Despatch has already been published in Papers recently presented to Parliament ... 62 13 5 Nov., 1869 Confidential Acknowledges Confidential Despatch of 2nd September, reporting the state of public feeling in New Zealand in regard to policy pursued towards, the Colony by the Home Government. Regrets that the conclusions which Her Majesty's Government have adopted should be cause of complaint by some of the Colonists. Can only say that they have been adopted after the most serious consideration of responsibility... 62 14 17 Dec, 1869 Confidential In reply to Governor's Confidential Despatch of 17th September, states that certain Despatches mentioned are included in a collection of Papers about to be presented to Parliament... 62 15 21 Dec, 1869 Confidential With reference to Governor's Confidential Despatch of the 18th September, states that directions for the supply of five additional Swords for presentation to certain Chiefs will be forwarded without delay ... 62 16 10 Jan., 1870 (No. 2.) Acknowledges Despatch No. 135, calling attention to certain errors in report of Speech of Mr. Monsell. On referring to account of the Debate in Hansard, Governor will observe that the first of the accusations noticed by him does not exist—the substitution of tho word " East " for " West," as erroneously reported, would have been suggested by tho context 10 Jan., 1870 (No. 4.) 63 17 Acknowledges Despatches Nos. 134 and 137, containing an account of Governor's journey from Wellington to Auckland, and his reception there. The account given of the renewed peace and prosperity are highly satisfactory. Observes with pleasure the humane manner in which the families of the prisoners have been treated 63 IS 28 Jan., 1870 (No. 7.) Acknowledges Governor's Despatch No. 138, relative to the disapproval, by the Lords of the Admiralty, of certain proceedings of Commodore Lambert, and enclosing a letter addressed to General Chute by the Governor. Reviews the general question. Has no doubt that the course which the Governor has adopted is that which ho deems expedient but that it is not conducive to the best interests of the Public Service 63 19 28 Jan.. 1870 (No. 13.) Encloses correspondence with Sir George Grey relating to the non-publication of certain correspondence with the War Office on the subject of Colonel Weare's allegations 63

CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE COLONIAL OFFICE AND THE WAR OFFICE.

A.—No. 1b.

From whom and Date. Subject. (y) 1 War Office, 31 July, 1869 Regarding tho disposal of Lands granted to the War Department by the Government of New Zealand on the withdrawal of the Imperial Troops. Approves of the transfer to the Colonial Government 65 k 2 War Office, 9 Aug., 1869 Transmits Despatch from SirT. Chuto on the subject of tho removal of the 18th Regiment 66 Colonial Office, 26 Aug., 1869 Transmits, for the consideration of Mr. Secretary Cardwell, a Despatch from tho Governor of New Zealand on the subject of claims preferred by the Colonial Government on account of expenses incurred for the maintenance of Military Prisoners in the Colonial Gaols ... 66 " 4 AVar Office, 29 Sept., 1869 Acquaints Lord Granville that a Telegram had been received from the General Commanding in the Australian Colonies, dated Galle, 5th September, announcing the detention in Now Zealand of the 18th Regiment, in " consequence of increasing rebellion" 66 * 5 Colonial Office, 30 Sept., 1869 Transmits, for the information of Mr. Secretary Cardwell, a Telegram from the Governor of New Zealand on the 11th September, respecting the detention of the 2-18th Regiment, and also a Telegram in answer 67 6 AVar Office, 4 Oct., 1869 Forwards Despatch from the Major-General Commanding the Troops in the Australian Colonies on the subject of the withdrawal of the Troops ... 67 Colonial Office, 7 Oct., 1869 With reference to the postponement of the withdrawal of the 18th Regiment, requests that Sir T. Chute may be instructed to give effect to the instructions which he has received to remove the Regiment from New Zealand without delay 69 Colonial Office, 8 Oct., 1869 Transmits Despatch from Sir G. Bowen, reporting the employment of Captain Young, and would be glad to inform the Governor that the employment of Captain Young has met with the approval of the Secretary of State 70 War Office, 12 Oct., 1869 Transmits the instructions which have been despatched to Major-General Sir T. Chute with reference to the postponement of the withdrawal of the Troops 70 10 War Office, 20 Oct., 1869 AVith reference to the employment of Captain Young, states that, as the services of Captain Young were placed at the disposal of the Governor during the continuance of warlike operations, Mr. Secretary Cardwell sees no objection to his employment in tho manner reported by Sir G. Bowen ; but Mr. Cardwell presumes that, as the 18th Regiment is about to bo withdrawn, Captain Young will rejoin his Regiment 70 It Colonial Office, 23 Oct., 1869 In reply to AVar Office Letter of the 20th October, authorizing the employment of Captain Young. As there is no immediate prospect of warlike operations being brought to a close, wishes to know whether he may be retained by the Governor during the continuance of the present warlike operations 71 12 AVar Office, 28 Oct., 1869 In reply to above, states that if Lord Granville considers it desirable that the services of Captain Young should be continued in the Colony after the withdrawal of the Regiment, Mr. Secretary Cardwell has no objection to his retention, but only for so long as the present operations may continue 71 13 War Office, 2 Nov., 1869 With reference to the claim preferred by the Colonial Government on account of expenses incurred for the maintenance of Military Prisoners in Colonial Gaols. States that the sum of £1,617 13s. 10d., less the sum of £64 19s. 6d. for medicines, has been placed to the credit of the Colony 71 14 Colonial Office, 11 Nov., 1869 Requests that Mr. Secretary Cardwell may be informed that Lord Granville thinks that it would be desirable that the Governor should be allowed to retain the services of Captain Young during the present warlike operations against the Maoris 72 15 Colonial Office, 5 Nov., 1869 Encloses extract of a Despatch from the Governor of New Zealand, forwarding Resolutions adopted by the Legislative Council and Assembly, containing an expression of their thanks to Major-General Sir Trevor Chute for undertaking the responsibility of retaining in the Colony the 18th Regiment 72' 16 Colonial Office, 5 Nov., 1869 Transmits two Despatches from the Governors of New Zealand and Victoria, respecting the proposed employment of Non-commissioned Officers discharged from the Army in the Colonies 72 17 War Office, 19 Nov., 1869 States that Sir Trevor Chute has been instructed by His Royal Highness the Field Marshal Commanding in Chief to allow Captain Young to continue in the post of Acting Military Secretary to the Governor, notwithstanding the withdrawal of his Regiment from the Colony 72 18 Colonial Office, 5 Jan., 1870 Transmits Letter from Sir George Grey with reference to Colonel Weare's statements. Every paper officially communicated to the Colonial Office has been printed for Parliament ... 72 19 Colonial Office, 7 Jan., 1870 Forwards Despatch from Sir George Bowen, showing the gallant service performed by Cornet Angus Smith, of the Colonial Forces. Lord Granville would be glad if Mr. Secretary Cardwell would direct a re-issue to Cornet Smith of his Crimean and Turkish Medals ... 73 20 Colonial Office, 7 Jan., 1870 Transmits Despatch from the Governor with reference to AVar Office Letter of 31st July, respecting the disposal of Lands granted to the War Department by the Colonial Government War Office, 13 Jan., 1870 Relative to the proposed extension of the grant of the New Zealand Medal to the Local or Volunteer Forces employed against the Maoris. Her Majesty has been pleased to approve that the Medal may be granted to the Colonial Forces and friendly Natives actually under fire ... 73 21 73

A.—No. 1b.

CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE COLONIAL OFFICE AND THE ADMIRALTY.

CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE COLONIAL OFFICE AND SIR GEORGE GREY.

CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE COLONI !— continued. ■Sjj From whom and Date, Subject. i I 22 War Office, Transmits Letter from Mr. Morrison (Agent of the Colony) respecting the extension of the 20 Jan., 1870 grant of the New Zealand Medal. Will defray the cost of the Medals ... ... 74 23 War Office, With reference to the gallant services of Cornet Angus Smith. Transmits two new Medals 8 Feb., 1870 to replace those taken from him when he fell into the hands of the Maoris ... ... 74

1 Admiralty, 16 July, 1869 Transmits a Letter from Commodore Lambert respecting the state of affairs in New Zealand on the 10th May, 1869 ... 75 Admiralty, 11 Sept., 1869 Forwards Extracts from a Letter of Commodore Lambert, dated 9th July, relative to the Maori disturbances in the neighbourhood of Tauranga 75 - 3 Admiralty, 28 Sept., 1869 Stating that the 2nd Battalion 18th Foot has been detained in New Zealand in consequence of the rebellion increasing, and that the 2nd Battalion 14th Foot will not be sent from Australia to England until relieved by the 18th Regiment from New Zealand 76 Colonial Office, 30 Sept., 1869 Transmits copy of a Telegram from Sir G. Bowen respecting the detention of the 2nd Battalion 18th Regiment, and also a copy of a Telegram which was sent to New Zealand 76 Colonial Office, 7 Oct., 1869 Submitting for the information of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, copy of a Letter which his Lordship had addressed to the Secretary of State for War ... 76 Admiralty, 9 Oct., 1869 Forwards Letter from Commodore Lambert, dated 6th August, relative to the state of affairs in New Zealand, and the movement of Her Majesty's Ships on the Coasts of the Colony 77 Admiralty, 9 Oct., i.869 Stating that Commodore Lambert had been desired to afford every facility by the employment of Men-of-War, and by the engagement of freight, to effect the removal of the 18th Regiment whenever he may be called upon to do so by the authorities of New Zealand or Australia ... ... ... ... ... ... 77 Colonial Office, 23 Oct., 1869 As to the retaining in the neighbourhood of New Zealand a portion of the Squadron under the command of Commodore Lambert ... 78 Admiraltv, 1 Nov., 1869 Votes of Thanks from tho Legislative Council and House of Representatives to Commodore Lambert for the co-operation afforded by Her Majesty's Ships during the late disturbances in the Colony 78 10 Admiralty, 1 Nov., 1869 Extract of Letter from Commodore Lambert, relative to the state of affairs in New Zealand 79 11 Colonial Office, 5 Nov., 1869 Votes of Thanks from the Council and Assembly to Commodore Lambert and Officers of the Squadron, for the cordial co-operation they afforded during the Native Disturbances ... 79 12 Admiraltv, 1 Dec, i869 Extract of further Letter from Commodore Lambert relative to tho affairs in New Zealand 80 13 Colonial Office, 26 Jan., 1870 Transmits Despatch from Governor relating to the disapproval expressed by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty of certain proceedings of Commodore Lambert. Encloses Lord Granville's Despatch in reply ... 80 14 Admiralty, 28 Jan., 1870 Relative to the removal of 2nd Battalion of the 18th Regiment 80

Sir G. Grey, 27 Oct., 1869 Commenting on a Despatch of Earl Granville's, dated the 7th October, 1869, which had lately been published relative to the recognition of Maori authority in New Zealand by Her Majesty's Government ... 81 Colonial Office, 6 Nov., 1869 In reply to the above 82 Sir G. Grey, 13 Nov., 1869 Further in explanation of the above 82 Colonial Office, 19 Nov., 1869 In reply to Sir George Grey's Letter of the 13th November ... 83 Sir G. Grey, 13 Nov., 1869 On the subject of the policy of recognizing the authority of the so-called Maori King 81 Colonial Office, 25 Nov., 1869 Sir G. Grey, 22 Nov., 1869 Aekowlcdging the above... 81 6 7 Further remarks on the subject of the so-called Maori King party, and relative to the probable effect on the Natives, of the policy of Her Majesty's Government ... 84 Colonial Office, 27 Nov., 1869 Commenting on Sir George Grey's Letter of the 22nd November, 1869 ... 83

A.—No. 1b.

CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE COLONIAL OFFICE AND SIR, GEORGE GREY— continued. From whom and Date. Subject. 9 Sir G-. Grey, 20 Dec, 1869 Making a Statement -which he is desirous of leaving on record, relative to a Military Execution in New Zealand ... 86 Colonial Office, 6 Jan., 1870 Acknowledging the above ... ... ... ... 89 10 11 Sir (x. Grey, 15 Jan., 1870 Draws attention to certain correspondence which was printed in the House of Commons Paper, No. 307, of 1869, and commenting on the withholding of a portion of the same correspondence 89 12 Colonial Office, 26 Jan., 1870 In reply and explanation of Sir Gr. Grey's Letter of the 15th January, 1870 92 13 Sir a. Gbey, 31 Jan., 1870 A further Statement relative to a Military Execution in New Zealand, unreporfced to the Civil authority, and declining to adopt the suggestion to ask a Member of Parliament to move for the Papers on the subject ... 93

A.—No. 1b.

FURTHER DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE AND THE GOVERNOR OF NEW ZEALAND.

No. 1. Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the Eight Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. (No. 65.) Government House, Auckland, My Lord, — New Zealand, sth June, 1869. Since the sudden collapse, at the beginning of this year, of the Panama Steam Company, there has been much difficulty and delay in arranging for the regular transmission of the New Zealand mails to and from Australia, to meet there the steamers of the Peninsular and Oriental Company. Eor this reason, and also because several bags and parcels from the Colonial Office seem (as I am informed) to have been put, at the Post Offices in London or Melbourne, into the mail for Auckland instead of into that for Wellington, many of your Lordship's recent Despatches did not reach me in proper time ; and it is thought probable that there may have been some irregularity also in the arrival of my Despatches in England. It is hoped, however, that the arrangements already made by the Colonial Government in New Zealand, and the fresh arrangements which will probably have been made at London in consequence of my Despatch No. 16, of the 2nd Eebruary ultimo, will insure greater punctuality for the future. 2. In my Despatch No. 52, of the 2nd May ultimo, I reported that " I had "requested my Responsible Advisers to cause me to be furnished with detailed " Returns (in addition to the general Reports submitted on the 7th December and " 7th January ultimo, and in many other Despatches) respecting the condition of " the disturbed districts, the state of the Colonial troops, and other subjects, con- " corning which your Lordship may probably desire to be kept informed, though " the Imperial Government no longer claims any control over the internal affairs "of this Colony." I have since received your Despatch No. 30, of the 26th Eebruary ultimo. My Constitutional Advisers have informed me that they will furnish full, and, it is believed, satisfactory, explanations concerning those points in their management of Native affairs to which your Lordship has referred. Ample Reports on all these subjects will be submitted by tho July mail; but it is impossible that they should be all ready for the June mail, which will take the present Despatch, especially as I have been necessarily absent during several weeks from the seat of Government, while accompanying the Duke of Edinburgh to the Southern Provinces, and entertaining His Royal Highness at Auckland. Eor the same reason it was also impossible that I should open in person, at Wellington, the annual Session of the New Zealand Parliament; and it was, consequently, opened by Commission on the Ist instant, as I had previously arranged with the Colonial Ministers. No public inconvenience will bo experienced, as I shall leave Auckland by the first steamer and reach Wellington before the end of next week. 3. Meanwhile, I have requested the Colonial Secretary to forward, by the June mail, to the Colonial Office, the usual monthly Memorandum by the Minister for Defence (Colonel Haultain), showing the progress of the military operations against the insurgents; together with copies of Colonel Whitmore's Despatches reporting the results of his recent expedition into the country of the wild and fierce clan of the Uriweras. My Responsible Advisers considered it necessary to strike a blow against these savage mountaineers, who have furnished the main strength of the forces of Te Kooti in his murderous raids on the English settlements at Poverty Bay and in the Bay of Plenty. Colonel Whitmore's expedition seems to have closely resembled those frequently sent forth to chastise the hostile tribes on the northern frontier of British India. He appears to have broken—at all events for the present —the prestige of the chief Hauhau leaders, and to have restored, in a great measure, confidence to the settlers in the disturbed districts. 4. I transmit by this opportunity the last Returns (dated 15th May ultimo) showing the number and distribution of the Colonial forces. It will be seen that

A.—No. Ib.

4

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

this Colony is now maintaining, " on active service and pay," a total European force of one hundred and one (101) officers and two thousand two hundred and forty-five (2,245) non-commissioned officers and men, and one thousand and fiftyfour (1,054) Natives ; in all, three thousand four hundred (3,400) officers and men of all arms. There are now, moreover, in the North Island alone, three thousand one hundred and twenty (3,120) Volunteers of all ranks, while the number of enrolled Militia in this Island amounted, according to the latest Returns furnished to me, to eight thousand six hundred and thirty-two (8,632) officers and men. In other words, the moveable force of the Colony amounts to three thousand four hundred (3,400), while the Volunteers and Militia (available only for the defence of their respective districts) are estimated to exceed eleven thousand (11,000). It will be remembered that the entire European population of the North Island — men, women, and children—little exceeds eighty thousand (80,000) souls, of which number about thirty thousand (30,000) dwell in the five principal towns of Wellington, Auckland, Napier, Taranaki, and Wanganui, while the remaining fifty thousand (50,000) are dispersed in solitary farms or small hamlets, chiefly near a coast line as long as that of Ireland. On the other hand, the hostile Maori clans are principally entrenched (so to speak) in the mountains and forests of the central highlands, whence they can send forth forays in every direction. In fact, during the last twelve months alone, serious outbreaks have occurred in several districts of all the four Provinces (Auckland, Wellington, Taranaki, and Hawke's Bay) into which the North Island is divided. Nor is any portion of this Island, beyond, the neighbourhood of Auckland and Wellington, considered, by those best qualified to form an opinion on the subject, to be absolutely free from the danger of Native disturbances. 5. The strain on the Colonial finances is now very severe, owing to the pressure of the interest of the war loan of Three Millions sterling, and of the very heavy expenditure incurred for the maintenance of the Colonial forces. So far back as at the beginning of last year (1868,) these burdens had already raised the taxation of New Zealand (according to the estimate in the Duke of Buckingham's Despatch No. 34, of April Ist, 1868,) "to more than six pounds five " shillings (£6 55.) per head of the entire population, Native and European; " in other words, to more than double the taxation of the United Kingdom. It is feared that further imposts, or a fresh loan, may soon become unavoidable. These questions will, of course, be fully discussed in the present Session of the New Zealand Parliament. 6. It appears to be a matter of simple justice to give full credit to the Colonial Government and Legislature for the efforts now made to overcome the difficulties with which they are surrounded. At the same time, in pursuance of the general tenor of my instruction from your Lordship, and from your predecessor, the Duke of Buckingham, I lose no opportunity of impressing on the public men of all parties that it is now the settled policy of the Imperial Government to leave this Colony to rely entirely on its own resources and exertions for its internal selfdefence. My previous Despatches will also show that, during the first twelve months of my administration here, I have visited all the friendly Maori tribes throughout this Island —at the Bay of Islands and Mongonui, in the extreme North; at Wairarapa, in the extreme South; at Auckland, Ohinemuri, and the Waikato, in the central districts; at Otaki and Wanganui, on the West Coast; and at Tauranga, Maketu, Opotiki, Poverty Bay, and Napier, on the East Coast — exhorting them all (not without success) to co-operate with the Colonists in the establishment of permanent peace and security. Moreover, although the projected interview between the Duke of Edinburgh and the Maori King did not take place, for the reasons explained in my Despatch No. 64, of the 3rd instant, it is confidently hoped by the Government officers at Auckland, and by other competent judges, looking to the better spirit recently evinced by the Waikato tribes, that Tawhaio and his principal chiefs and councillors will be ready, ere long, to hold a conference with myself and my Ministers, for the purpose of agreeing upon the terms of a general pacification. Nothing, however, can be regarded as certain in dealing with such a people as the Maoris. I have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. E. BOWEN.

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. In.

5

Enclosure 1 in No. 1. RETURN showing the STRENGTH of the ARMED CONSTABULARY, VOLUNTEERS, MILITIA, &c., on Active Service and Pay in the North Island, 15th May, 1869.

Armed Constabulary Volunteer and other Cavalry. Volunteers and Local Militia. Total Europeans. Date of last Return. District. bo C3 o CO O o CD CO 02 StD o W. W. o Staff. Remarks. CO CD I v3 co 9£ U O ft U M CO g o o Q ce o fR E "' B "3° N pq o5 I £ i ft ] .9 J O as OE o ft O ft ta a p. O o 6 02 fe CD bo ta O o 15 'tie CD 03 o CD "la ! ai — ! I j : i i I 1 ! i i i : i 1869. May 1 April 30 "Waikato Opotiki Tauranga ... Poverty Bay 1 2 1 1 17 7 2 3 7 3 135 ... 20 1 1 2 1 3 2 2 2 1 24 ... 40 i 2 1 5 4 2 1 1 1 1 11 5 2 10 5 7 5 1 86 88 84 5 11 1 150 167 145 94 ... May 1 April 30 i l 2 1 "26 ... | ... Te Wairoa... Napier Wairarapa... t 6 1 17 6 ... ... 1 1 ... 6 1 189 ... 26 ... 5 ... ! ... ... I l 1 1 ... ! 2 ! ... 1 5 8 93 11 310 27 6 213* |*13 of these arc (_ Boat's Crew. » » May 15 Wellington i ••• 1 j ... 17 ... 154 ... i . . ... ... ... ... | 18 r4 in gaol, remain- < der en route foi C Napier. ,. 1 Taranaki ... 3 2 2 6 6 6 1 1 ... ; io l 3 5 2 11 14 195 14 400 131 » 8 Patea : Patea 1 ... 7 5 1 166 ... 2 1 2 2 12 115 {IS Ngatiporou. Wanganuis. 6 - I ... | 1 1 l 8 JJ Manawapou Wairoa ... Wanganui: Wanganui Bryces ... Nukumaru Wereroa Pield Porce : Head-quarters ... En route Absent with leave... Absent without do.. ... i ... | 2 ... ! 1 | 3 i I ... 3 3 2 2 41 45 2 4 46 50 JJ J) 1 1 ... 15 ... 1 5 6 4 16 62 1 28 4 40 65 JJ ... 1 i 3 20 11 i 3 2 2 JJ ... JJ April 11 1 H 8 6 1 5 19 ! 16 5 10 I 14 1 | 5 322 ... 208: ... ! ... j 7 ... 6 6 20 6 1 320 243i h 50 JJ ! ... i . f •■' ! V17 f.500 f Arawas,Ngatipuj keko, and with C Col.Whitmore. J) I ■'■ 14 I 60 59 I i 17i ... 1 1274; 3 I 4 ■ 10 26 JJ ... I ... I '" i ... ... ; ... — Total ... i 1 ; 6 i I 33 2 8 4 9 5 1 i i I 99 17 ... i 5 I 4(5 ! 50 I 6 738 101 2245; 1054; I i T. M. Hal-ltaut.

A.—No, Ib.

Enclosure 2 in No. 1. RETURN of tho NUMBER of VOLUNTEERS (all Ranks) in NEW ZEALAND, 15th May, 1869.

No. 2. Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the ' Right Hon. Earl Granville, KG. (No. 70.) Government House, Wellington, My Lobd,— New Zealand, 20th June, 1869. I have the honor to transmit herewith a Report, as published in the Daily Southern Cross, of Auckland, of a recent interview between Mr. Josiah C. Eirth, of that city, accompanied by three English friends, and several of the principal adherents of the so-called Maori King. 2. Mr. Eirth is a highly respectable merchant of Auckland, and has long had extensive dealings with the Natives, both commercially and also as the lessee from them of a large sheep and cattle run in the Waikato. He is the writer of the letter to your Lordship, which I forwarded with my Despatch No. 46, of the 7th April ultimo. 3. The scene so graphically described in the enclosed newspaper report is interesting and characteristic. But I have been requested to point out that no official importance whatever attaches to Mr. Eirth's proceedings, as he undertook his mission entirely without authority from the Colonial Government; while many competent judges are inclined to the belief that the ultimate failure of the proposed Native meeting at Ngaruawahia may be ascribed chiefly to the interference, however well meant, of private individuals. The action taken, in the matter referred to, by the Agents of the Colonial Government has been already described in my Despatch No. 64, of the 3rd June ultimo. 4. It appears that Tamati Ngapora Manuhiri, the uncle and chief councillor of Tawhiao, misrepresented the contents of a letter which was addressed to him on the 6th March ultimo, by Sir William Martin, the late Chief Justice of New Zealand, with whom he (Tamati Ngapora) had formerly lived on terms of personal friendship before the commencement of the so-called "Native King movement." Sir William Martin has published his letter both in the Maori original and in the subjoined translation:—

Fide A. No. 12. 1869.

6

DESPATCHES EBOM THE SECRETARY OP STATE

Date of Return. District. Cavalry. Artillery. Engineers. Rifles. Cadets. Naval. Total. Remarks. 1869. Ipril 30 3 1 March 8 Lpril 1 Hay 5 15 1 1 1 8 Auckland Thames Bay of Plenty Poverty Bay Hawke's Bay Wairarapa Wellington Bangitikei Wanganui Taranaki Patea 125 33 22 64 74 60 131 170 49 53 46 80 605 236 58 124 223 331 135 133 35 104 109 120 * 896 316 91 22 188 297 553 266 303 84 104 North Island 728 53 126 1,984 109 120 3,120 Lpril 30 tlay 5 Harch 31 tlay 1 4 1 Marlborough Nelson Westland Canterbury Otago Southland 32 6S 98 236 112 252 417 638 141 65 208 301 418 284 808 854 141 151 60 "44 128 156 Middle Island 100 309 44 1,796 401 156 2,806 Total in New Zealand 170 3,780 510 276 5,926 828 362 T. M. H. .rLT4.nr.

A.—No. 1b

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

7

" Auckland, 6th March, 1869. "O friend Tamati, greeting.—Here am I mindful continually of you (plural), "who are dwelling in the distracted land. I am seeking a way whereby the two " races may dwell in peace, and whereby we two may see one another again, though "I am fearing lest the fire which is now burning spread and cause trouble. The " only thing which causes a gleam of light to arise in. my heart is the report which "is now current that Tawhiao's people have exerted themselves to repress the " senseless men, the shedders of blood. Eor this my heart rejoiced. Eriend Tamati, " you listen to me. These words of mine are for you to consider, —you, and our " friends. I have been employed for a number years in observing the persons who " were conspicuous amongst the Maoris and the Pakehas. Eormerly their thoughts "lay apart; there was no point of contact. Now they have come nigh, and they " are seeking alike for some plan whereby this Island may be at peace. Therefore, " I thought it would be well for me to put forth my proposal to the chiefs, for " them to approve or disapprove. " My proposals are three :— "1. The land on which you are living, let it be made a separate district. The " laws of the Pakeha to have no force there, but you to make laws for yourselves. " 2. Let some of the lands of the Waikato be given back again as a dwelling- " place for such persons as are willing to live under the law; they themselves to " administer that law between Maori and Maori. "3. Let all join in one plan for the putting down of murders and barbarous " deeds whereby this land is disgraced. " O friend, make it clear to me what you approve, and what Tawhiao's " people approve. Make it quite clear ; for these are important matters. But it " will be for yourself, yourself, my friend, to strengthen my hands for this work.— " Erom your friend, "Erom Martin." I have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville, KG. G. E. BOWEN.

No. 3. Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, KG. (No. 76.) Government House, Wellington, My Lord, —■ New Zealand, 30th June, 1869. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Lordship's Despatch No. 28, of the 26th Eebruary ultimo, which, like several other Despatches, was delayed in reaching me in consequence of its having been sent to Auckland and not to Wellington. 2. It is stated therein: " The Secretary of State for War has communicated " to me the correspondence which has passed between yourself and Major-General " Sir Trevor Chute, on the subject of the withdrawal of Her Majesty's forces from " New Zealand. I do not see that any material advantage will have been gained " by Sir T. Chute's presence in the Colony, and I rather fear that it may encourage " the Colonists to rely on the expectation of Imperial assistance more than on "their own exertions." 3. I beg permission to observe with all respect, and simply in justification of my own conduct, that it seems to be implied in the above-quoted Despatch that it was only through the War Office that your Lordship learned that I had requested General Chute to pay one of his periodical visits of inspection to New Zealand, and yet it will be found that my letter to General Chute on this subject was dated 2nd December ultimo, and that, by the first opportunity thereafter, only five days later, viz., in my Despatch by the Panama mail, No. 125, of the 7th December, I transmitted a copy of that letter, and also expressly informed your Lordship that I had invited the Major-General to this part of his command, in which a formidable outbreak against the Queen's authority was then raging, and in which a number

A.—No. Ib,

of Her Majesty's European and Native subjects had recently been massacred by the rebels, especially at Poverty Bay, on 10th November, 1868. It appears that my Despatch No. 125 reached Downing Street on 29th January ultimo; its receipt was formally acknowledged on 3rd Eebruary; and comments (to which I have already replied) were made on some parts of its contents in your Despatch No. 27, of the 25th Eebruary. But the paragraphs referring to General Chute appear to have been overlooked when your Despatch No. 28, of the 26th Eebruary (now under reply), was written. However, I should not have ventured to trouble your Lordship on this subject, were it not that censures have been expressed or implied in other Despatches also, as if I had been guilty of similar supposed omissions on other occasions. 4. As to the general merits of the question, I would ask leave to submit the following remarks :■ — A. The Queen's Regulations for the Army require each General Officer to inspect every regiment in his command at least once a year. It will be seen from my letters of December 2nd and 9th, that I did not make any requisition to General Chute to take the field himself, or to order any portion of the 18th Regiment to move against the rebels (for I knew that the instructions of Her Majesty's Government would not permit such action), and that I addressed him in the following words : —" You will, of course, understand that Ido not ask you to " transfer to New Zealand the head-quarters of the command, which have been " fixed by the Imperial authorities at Melbourne; but simply to choose the " present time for making one of your periodical tours of inspection to this "Colony." B. It will be recollected that with my Despatch No. 87, of the 31st August, 1868, I transmitted a copy of my correspondence with General Chute, showing that he had desired to alter that distribution of the 18th Regiment, which had been expressly sanctioned by the Secretaries of State for the Colonies and for War as " coming within the instructions of Her Majesty's Government, for the short " time during which it will remain in the Colony." The Duke of Buckingham, in reply, expressed his approbation of my conduct, in declining to concur in General Chute's proposal, stating : " You appear to me to have taken a correct view of " the instructions under which the location of this regiment, so long as it shaU " remain in the Colony, has been determined; and I approve of the terms of the " letters you addressed on this subject to Major-General Chute." It will be further recollected that, in a subsequent Despatch to your Lordship, I wrote as follows : — " It appears to me that if Sir Trevor Chute considers himself at liberty, without " fresh instructions from home, to alter that distribution of the troops in New " Zealand which has been expressly sanctioned by the Secretaries of State for " War and for the Colonies, he should temporarily return here, Avhere he can " inform himself, on the spot, of the progress of events, and not issue his orders " from so great a distance as Melbourne, with which communication is neither " frequent nor regular, and from which it is seldom possible to obtain a reply to a " letter in less than a month. At the present crisis, every week may bring a new " Maori outbreak in some unexpected quarter, and a fresh massacre of British sub- " jects, with their wives and families. I need scarcely add that General Chute will " always continue to receive every official and personal courtesy and hospitality " from me." Now Melbourne is as far from New Zealand as Gibraltar is from Ireland. It has been asked here, what would be thought at home, if the troops in Ireland, during the late Eenian outbreaks, had been under the command of a General residing at Gibraltar, and if that General had insisted on issuing orders from Gibraltar for moving the regiments in Munster or Leinster from the positions at which Her Majesty's Government, in concert with the Lord-Lieutenant, had placed them ? Would not the General, in such a Case, be required to visit that part of his command in which disturbances were raging, before altering the distribution of the troops there ? C. It was, perhaps, natural that it should at first sight appear in England, where all the circumstances of the case could not possibly be known, that even a short visit from General Chute on one of his periodical tours of inspection of the troops serving in his command, might " encourage the Colonists to rely on the

8

DESPATCHES PROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. Ib,

9

" expectation of Imperial assistance more than on their own exertions." But aU competent judges in New Zealand would concur with me in assuring your Lordship that General Chute's recent visit really produced an effect exactly the reverse of what seems to have been anticipated at the Colonial Office. Erom my previous Despatches it will be seen that great and frequent pressure was put upon me, during the recent crisis, to send for troops from Australia. Bitter reproaches against me were published because I refused to disobey the letter and spirit of the instructions of Her Majesty's Government and the well-known principles of Parliamentary Government as established in this Colony. It was persistently represented that if I Avould only invite General Chute to visit New Zealand, he would be certain to take the field against the rebels at the head of the 18th Regiment. I knew, of course, that the instructions issued to General Chute, as to myself, positively forbad any action of this kind; but it was obvious that a large portion of the Press and public of the disturbed districts would never have been convinced of this fact if they had not learned it on the spot from Sir Trevor Chute himself. They saw that the General merely inspected the regiment according to the usual annual custom; made full arrangements for its speedy embarkation for Australia ; carefully abstained from taking any part whatever, directly or indirectly, in the operations against the rebels; and, to avoid any possibility of misconstruction in this respect, even declined, while inspecting the detachment of the 18th Regiment at Wanganui, to accompany Commodore Lambert on a visit of two or three hours to the camp of the Colonial forces under Colonel Whitmore, which was then within a few miles of that town. I repeat that it is certain that General Chute's recent presence in New Zealand had an effect directly the reverse of " encouraging the Colonists to rely on the expectation of Imperial assistance more " than on their own exertions." 5. I regret exceedingly that the above remarks have unavoidably extended to such length. I would again say that they are submitted with all respect, and simply with the hope of removing the dissatisfaction which your Lordship has expressed with my conduct under the circumstances now explained; which expressions on your part have naturally caused me much concern in the anxious and difficult position in which I am placed. The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. E. BOWEN.

No. 4. Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. (No. 80.) Government House, Wellington, My Lord, — New Zealand, 4th July, 1869. I have the honor to report that on the 29th ultimo I received from Major-General Sir T. Chute a letter dated the 17th ultimo, forwarding a copy of a letter addressed to him from the War Office, and ordering the immediate removal of the 2-18 th Regiment from New Zealand. I annex a copy of General Chute's communication, and of my reply. 2. It Avill be seen that General Chute gives me no information as to the exact periods at which the detachments now garrisoning the chief towns in the disturbed districts, and the head-quarters of the regiment at Auckland, will be finally withdrawn. But as it is probable that the last British soldier will have left New Zealand in a few weeks from the present date, and as Her Majesty's Government had decided on this course of policy some time ago, I presume that I shall receive by the next mail an instrument appointing some person to act in my place in the event of my " death, incapacity, or absence." It will be remembered that, by the 9th section of my commission, it is provided that the Senior Officer for the time being in command of the regular troops in the Colony shall so act. 3. Were your Lordship to do me the honor to consult me on this subject, I would submit that the most fitting arrangement would be that the Chief Justice, 3

A.—No. Ib.

or, in his absence, the Senior Judge of the Supreme Court, should be empowered to act in the event contemplated. I may mention that I asked the opinion of the present Colonial Ministers on this subject, and that they state that it is so entirely of Imperial interest, that they believe they ought not to tender any advice upon it. It is obvious, however, that in a Colony possessing Parliamentary Government, the Judges are the only functionaries placed in an entirely independent position, wholly unconnected with political party. I have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. E. BOWEN. P.S. July 7. —Since the above Despatch was written, I have received from Mr. Eox the enclosed Ministerial Memorandum, strongly advising and urging me, for the reasons therein stated, to take steps to delay the departure from the Colony of the 18th Regiment, the last battalion of the Queen's troops still remaining here. I have this day stated to the Ministers assembled in the Executive Council that I regretted that I was utterly unable to comply with this request. I explained that, in my Despatches and letters to your Lordship, and to your predecessor, the Duke of Buckingham, I had repeatedly recommended, on grounds of Imperial as well as of Colonial policy (as indeed General Chute and Commodore Lambert have also recommended), that the 18th Regiment should be left in New Zealand for the present, on the conditions proposed by Lord Carnarvon, but that I had been informed in reply, in the most positive terms, that Her Majesty's present Government declined to repeat Lord Carnarvon's offer, and had resolved on the entire and immediate removal of the Queen's troops from New Zealand. I referred also to the language of the Despatches in which this decision was communicated to me. I further reminded the Ministers that all control over the troops remaining in this Colony had been taken out of the hands of the Governor, for I had not received from the Colonial Office any copies of the orders respecting them, issued to the Naval and Military authorities on this station; and that when the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies (Mr. Monsell) had been recently asked, in the House of Commons, if the Governor of New Zealand had any power to delay the departure of the 18th Regiment, he had replied, most emphatically, in the negative. I added that, in fact, the final orders for the immediate and entire removal of the troops had been sent, not to the Governor, but to General Chute, and that General Chute (as was seen from his letter of the 17th June ultimo) had already taken steps, without any reference to me, to carry out those orders forthwith; — further, that, though styled in my commission " Governor and Commander-in-Chief " of New Zealand, I was left so entirely without discretion, and even information, with regard to the Queen's troops, that (as I have already said above) I had no means of acquainting the Colonial Ministers of the dates at which the detachments of the 18th Regiment now garrisoning the principal towns in the disturbed districts (Taranaki, Napier, and Wanganui,) would be withdrawn, so that the necessary arrangements might be made for replacing them with detachments of the Colonial forces. In conclusion, I felt it to be my duty to draw particular attention to the terms of the Despatch from the Colonial Office, No. 127, of the Ist December, 1868, pointing out that the Colonial Ministry then in office had positively refused, so recently as in August, 1868, to concur with the resolutions of the Legislative Council praying that the embarkation of the 18th Regiment might be delayed, and that " the Government and Legislature of New Zealand might have withdrawn " from the position thus taken, and have sought, if they considered the emergency " so great, to retain the services of a portion of Her Majesty's troops, while " organizing their own forces, on the conditions on which those troops are retained " in the neighbouring Australian Colonies." G. E. B.

Enclosure 1 in No. 4. Major-General Sir T. Chtte to the Goyeenok of New Zealand. Sir,— Melbourne, 17th June, 1869. In conformity with the instructions contained in the enclosed copy of a letter from the "War Office, dated 23rd April, 1869, in reply to my communication of the Ist March, a copy of which was

10

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—No. Ib.

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

11

transmitted to your Excellency on the 30th of the same month, I have now the honor to acquaint you that it is my intention to take measures, in concert with the Senior Naval Officer, for the removal of the 2-18 th Eegiment from New Zealand, according to my " original instructions." With this view orders have been issued for their immediate concentration at Auckland prior to distribution amongst the Australian Colonies. I have, &c, His Excellency Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., T. Chute, Major-General. Governor of New Zealand.

Enclosure 2 in No. 4. Governor Sir G. E. Bowen to Major-General Sir Trevoe Chute. Government House, Wellington, Sir, —■ New Zealand, 30th June, 1869. I havo the honor to acknowledge the receipt, yesterday, of your letter of the 17th instant, enclosing a copy of a letter from the War Office, directing the transfer of the 2-18 th Eegiment from New Zealand to Australia. In reply to Despatches in which I had pointed out (as you also did in your letter to the War Office of 12th October ultimo) that the entire removal of the regular troops might probably lead to more extensive risings of the rebel Maoris, I had been already informed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies that this was the final decision of the Imperial Authorities. The execution of it is left to yourself and to the Senior Naval Officer, and no action on my part appears to be required. It is, therefore, unnecessary for mo to repeat what I have said to you on former occasions, namely, that you will always find mo ready to assist, so far as I can, in carrying out the instructions of Her Majesty's Government. I have, &c, Major-General Sir T. Chute, K.C.B. G. F. Bowen.

Enclosure 3 in No. 4. Memorandum by Mr. Fox. Wellington, 6th July, 1869. Ministers beg to thank His Excellency for communicating to them the letter received by him from General Sir T. Chute, informing him that orders have been issued by that officer directing that the detachments of Her Majesty's 18th Regiment, now distributed at several centres of population in New Zealand, shall be immediately massed at Auckland for the purpose of their removal, without delay, from the Colony. Ministers have received this information with the deepest regret. The Colony is in a condition of imminent peril, and it is the duty of Ministers to advise His Excellency that the removal of the troops may result in very serious disasters in the North Island, and that the lives of many of Her Majesty's subjects may be sacrificed. Tho successes, if such they may be called, obtained during the last few months, have been partial and local, and have been gained over the rebels who represented comparatively small sections of tho disaffected Maori community. The King party and the tribes under its influence have hitherto, except / so far as individuals are concerned, held aloof from the struggle. The progress of operations conducted by the late Government has, however, been in the direction of the King country, and at the time of the present Ministry taking office, a week ago, had actually reached its verge. The result is a very excited state amongst that section of the Native population, and reported threats on their part. The rebel chiefs who are engaged in open hostilities are understood at this moment to be personally urging on | the King and his immediate adherents tho expediency of joining them. The pecuniary resources of the Colony are quite inadequate to continuing the struggle at the present rate of expenditure, and the immediate reduction of the local forces appears inevitable. Including the provision which the Assembly is about making for meeting the liabilities which will have to be satisfied during the next few weeks, the floating local debt of the Colony in short-dated obligations will amount to nearly half a million, besides the loan liabilities. Clearly an expenditure in excess of revenue in reliance upon local loans cannot be continued. Still, if no new phase of the question arises, the Colony hopes to hold its own, until its position can be again laid fully before the Imperial Government, unless, by the removal of the troops, fresh encouragement is given to tho rebels to commit acts of aggression. The Natives are known to have been anxiously watching the action of the Imperial Government in reference to the removal of troops. So long as a single regiment remains, they are impressed with the belief that the Queen has not abandoned the Colony. But they have often said, " Wait till the tide is out," meaning till the last soldier leaves the Colony. When that event takes place, a direct encouragement will be given to rebel Natives to commit further acts of hostility; the loyal Natives will be greatly disheartened, and an impression will be produced amongst all classes of Natives that they may < choose their own time for involving the Colony in a war of races. A force far larger than was ever contemplated by those who projected the system of self-reliance has been employed during the past year, at a cost which the Colony is utterly unable to continue ; while the results have been only partial local successes, to a greater extent counterbalanced by reverses. The prospect of peace, in the opinion of Ministers, materially depends on the retention of a small body of Imperial troops in the Colony, as an assurance to the hesitating King party that the Colony is not finally and absolutely deserted by the Imperial Government. Ministers deem it their duty to represent to His Excellency these very grave circumstances, so full of peril to the lives of Her Majesty's subjects in this Colony, and to express their earnest trust

A.—No. Ib.

12

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

that His Excellency will be able, consistently with his duty to the Imperial Government, to take such steps as will delay the departure from the Colony of Her Majesty's 18th Eegiment until the Home Government has again been communicated with on this subject. The last paragraph of the Duke of Buckingham's Despatch No. 127, of tho Ist December ultimo, clearly indicates that such a responsibility might devolve on His Excellency. Ministers are prepared to ask the Assembly to make provision, by Act, for paying the troops according to the rate demanded by the Imperial Government. William Eox.

No. 5. Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. (No. 81.) Government House, Wellington, My Lord, — New Zealand, sth July, 1869. I have the honor to state that some expressions in several of your Lordship's recent Despatches, and especially in Nos. 12 and 30 of 1869, have naturally caused me much concern. I will now ask permission to submit explanations of the circumstances to which my attention has been thus directed. 2. It would seem from the two first paragraphs of the Despatch No. 12, that it is supposed at the Colonial Office that I was remiss in reporting the massacre at Poverty Bay, and other late events in New Zealand. I would, therefore, observe that, during several years past, it was the convenient and almost necessary practice, —seeing that there was no regular communication in connection with the Suez mail between Australia and New Zealand, —to send the Despatches to and from this Colony and Downing Street by the Panama steamers. Now, so far as I can ascertain at this distance of time, it was expected that the mails bringing the tidings of the Poverty Bay massacre would reach England about the same day in January last. It appears, in fact, as lam informed, that the mail via Marseilles reached London on or about the 26th of that month, the mail via Panama (which brought my Despatches) on the 29th, and the mail via Southampton on the 30th; and that if the Panama mail had not been later than usual on that occasion, it would have been the first of the three delivered in London. The mails referred to were made up at Wellington, via Suez, on 21st November, and via Panama on Bth December ultimo. It follows that by sending my Despatches by the Panama mail, there was a certain gain of seventeen days for the arrival of later intelligence from the disturbed districts, and the probable gain of an earlier delivery in England. But it will be recollected that I did not trust to the Panama mail alone. So often as there was important news to communicate, I sent the substance of my Despatches in an unofficial shape to the permanent Under Secretary of State by the Suez mail. Accordingly, even while at the front at Wanganui in last November, I made an exertion to write fully to Sir Erederic Rogers, in a letter marked " Immediate," and which was enclosed in a cover addressed in my own hand, " via Suez and Marseilles," to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, and put into the post at Wellington on the 21st November. This cover was in due time returned to me by Mr. Nunes, of the Colonial Office, with a note (of which I enclose a copy) stating that the letter conveyed in that cover did not reach Downing Street (certainly from no fault on my part) until the 30th January ultimo. 3. But there is a much more important point than any miscarriage of the Post Office to be borne in mind in connection with this part of the subject. Erom my Despatch No. 116, of 1868 (of which I venture to request a re-perusal), it will be seen that, after the repulse of the Colonial forces at Moturoa, the Native Contingent deserted the force under Colonel Whitmore, and refused to take up arms again for the Crown. Like all other nations living under the tribal system (like, it might be added, the Celts in Europe), the Maoris find much difficulty in appreciating Parliamentary institutions, and can be influenced, generally, by personal government alone. The loyal clans on the West Coast declared that they "must see the Governor himself;" and it was represented to me by those who know them best that nothing but my personal presence and exhortations would induce them to take the field once more. It cannot be forgotten that the crisis in

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. 1b

13

November last was very grave. Titokowaru's head-quarters were then within ten (10) or twelve (12) miles of Wanganui, and that town was threatened with an attack by his horde of murderers and cannibals, in which event hundreds of English women and children might have met with the terrible fate of the sufferers of Poverty Bay or of Cawnpore. Can it be held, in any quarter, that it was my duty at such an emergency to remain in ignoble ease at Wellington, for the purpose of writing Despatches by the Suez mail, instead of hurrying forthwith to the front, and throwing myself into the Maori camp ? At all events, your Lordship, in your Despatch No. 27, of the 25th Eebruary ultimo, wrote as follows: — " I have read with interest the account of your expedition to Wanganui, and I " approve both of your having proceeded thither, and of the language which " you used to the assembled tribes." In my Despatch No. 116, of 1868, I forwarded a summary (as reported in the local journals) of my speeches to the Natives at Wanganui, showing how, in deference to my appeal, " the brave chief " Te Kepa (Major Kemp) came forward, and said that he was ready to obey the " Governor's commands, and to lead a new taua, or war party, to be enrolled for " permanent service. Several other chiefs declared that they would follow Te " Kepa. The main object of the Governor's visit to Wanganui was to call upon "the Maoris to take the field again; and in this object his Excellency's visit " appears to have been completely successful." The great services rendered since last November by Te Kepa and other loyal chiefs are well known; and it is acknowledged that the recent successes against the rebels could not have been achieved without their aid. 4. Again, it is stated in the Despatch No. 12 that my Reports do not show " the precise limits within which the apprehension of Native disturbances "is considered to exist, or the number of persons now in arms." I beg permission to submit, most respectfully, that it may be collected from several of my Despatches that I have repeatedly reported to the effect that, in the opinion of those best qualified to judge, no portion of the North Island, beyond the districts round Auckland and Wellington, where the European race greatly predominates over the Maoris, can be considered to be free from the apprehension of Native disturbances; that, in fact, serious outbreaks have occurred during the past year in all the four Provinces into which this Island is divided; and that there have been (probably) nearly as many rebels in arms during the last twelve months as during the years when, in addition to the Colonial forces, there was in the Colony a British Army of ten thousand Regular troops. Moreover, the so-called Maori King has encircled a large portion of the centre of this Island with an aukati, or "pale," which no European or loyal Maori is allowed to cross on pain of death. Our relations with the clans that adhere to Tawhiao are described by Mr. Mailing (one of the Judges of the Native Land Court) "as a doubtful armed truce;" while Mr. McLean, the present Minister for Native Affairs, declares that "in one sense every Hauhau in New " Zealand is in arms against the Government." All who know this country will bear witness that these two gentlemen are recognized to be among the highest among authorities on all Maori questions. It will be remembered, moreover, that while there were ten thousand (10,000) of the Queen's troops in this Island, it was estimated by Sir George Grey and other high authorities that "we never had " two thousand (2,000) Maoris in arms against us at any one time; and it is shown "by an examination of General Cameron's Despatches that the troops were never " actually engaged with more than six hundred (600), and not often with more "than two hundred (200) to four hundred (400)." It is estimated that at the Gate Pa, and other severe actions, the Maoris who inflicted such heavy loss on the British soldiers did not exceed from one-third to one-fifth of the number of their opponents. On this question, I beg permission to recommend a perusal of " The War in New Zealand," a book published in London, in 1866, by Mr. Eox (the present Prime Minister of this Colony), and of the authorities cited by him. I annex also the enclosed Memoranda furnished to me by Mr. McLean, the Minister for Native Affairs, and by Colonel Whitmore respectively. It will be seen that the Hauhau disturbances still extend over a much larger area in New Zealand than the Eenian disturbances ever extended in Ireland, and that it is believed that 4

A.—No. Ib,

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

14

from twelve hundred (1,200) to fifteen hundred (1,500) rebels have been actually in collision with the Colonial forces during the last year, partly on tho East and partly on the West Coast. 5. The Despatch No. 12 further states :—" It appears to me, at this distance, " that the terrible nature of the catastrophe which has occurred leads you to over- " rate the magnitude of the danger to the Colony, more especially as your Ministry " do not forward any request to retain Imperial troops at the expense of the " Colonial Treasury, but have preferred, as I learn from Sir H. Manners Sutton, " and, I think, very properly preferred, to send to Victoria and the other Aus- " tralian Colonies for recruits." On this paragraph I beg leave to offer the following explanations :— A. Whatever may appear in England, at the distance of half the circumference of the globe, here in New Zealand I have been subjected to violent attacks from a portion of the public and of the Press, on the grounds that I had grossly under-estimated the dangerous state of the Colony. I have, in particular, been accused of "cruel want of sympathy," and "heartless indifference" to the sufferings of the Colonists, because I declined to send for additional troops from Australia under the circumstances reported at the time in my Despatch No. 9, of the 26th January, 1869. I submit, most respectfully, that since I have overrated, and in some quarters of New Zealand under-rated, the dangers which threaten this community, it is probable that my Reports have hit the mean between extreme opinions on either side. B. General Cameron put it on record that he would not attack (in 1865) the Wereroa Pa, then garrisoned by about three hundred (300) Maoris, without a fresh reinforcement of two thousand (2,000) soldiers, which would have brought up the number of the Regular forces in this country to twelve thousand (12,000) men of all arms. It is true that, in common with General Chute and Commodore Lambert, I reported that it would, in my opinion, have been unfortunate if the 18th Regiment, the only battalion left in the Colony, had been removed during the recent crisis, and on the eve of the arrival of His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh ; but I again submit, most respectfully, that I can hardly be described in any quarter as an alarmist, because I thought it desirable to retain here temporarily seven hundred (700) soldiers, that is, about one-twentieth part of the number which a very able, experienced, and distinguished General Officer declared, only four years ago, to be indispensable against, practically, nearly the same enemy. C. The truth is that (as the tone of several of my recent Despatches will show) I have thought better, and not worse, of the prospects of this Colony, with regard to the Native rebellion, since the Poverty Bay massacre, than I thought before that catastrophe. It has caused the spirit of the Colonists, and of the loyal Maori clans, to swell up high and fierce. Moreover, it was believed by many of those best acquainted with the Native character, that a bloody outbreak of this nature would prove the signal (as on former occasions) for a very extensive rising of the disaffected tribes, with the so-called Maori King at their head; whereas Tawhiao and his adherents have abstained from active hostilities for so many months, that I am now inclined to hope that they will not rise at all. D. It is implied in the concluding clause of the Despatch No. 12, that it was only through the Governor of Victoria that your Lordship had learned that the New Zealand Ministers had sent to Australia for recruits in last December. It will be found, however, that I forwarded with my Despatch No. 125, of the 7th December ultimo, a Memorandum from Colonel Haultain, the Defence Minister, explicitly stating, for the information of Her Majesty's Government, the intentions in this respect of himself and his colleagues. I should, perhaps, further explain that, in view of the emergency which had arisen, and of the urgent need of saving from destruction the settlers in the disturbed districts and their families, the Ministers would have preferred employing in the field the trained soldiers of the 18th Regiment, who were present in New Zealand, to the chance of procuring from Melbourne raw recruits Avho could not possibly be rendered efficient until after a long delay. But it will be remembered that there was no option in this matter, for the 18th Regiment was strictly confined, by orders from home, to

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. Ib,

15

certain toAvns, and absolutely prohibited from taking the field against the rebels. It was found impracticable to get a sufficient number of recruits in New Zealand, and I regret to learn from Colonel Whitmore that a large proportion of those imported from Melbourne proved so utterly worthless that it became necessary to discharge them forthwith. The truth is, that in Colonies, where even farmlabourers can command daily wages at the rate of from four to six and seven shillings, it is practically impossible to raise a large permanent force for a warfare of such great danger and such constant hardships as that carried on in the mountains and forests of New Zealand. Men able and willing to work can always procure remunerative employment in safe and easy occupations ; while men unable to work are obviously unfit to fight, especially in a country where the axe and the spade must be used as much as the sword and the rifle. It seems to be now generally aeknoAvledged on all sides that the Colonial Government must look principally to | the United Kingdom for a supply of recruits for its permanent armed force,^ and it will become my duty to report to your Lordship the measures in contemplation with this object, when they shall have been matured. 6. While submitting, amidst a great pressure of other urgent business, the explanations which seem to be required by the Despatch No. 12, I trust that I haA _c not used a single expression evincing the slightest want of that respect due to your Lordship, and nothing can be further from my intention than to provoke a controA'ersy on any of the points to which my attention has been directed. 7. The explanations and reports called for in the Despatch No. 30, will be found in my Despatches No. 69 and No. 82, also forwarded by this month's English mail. I have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. E. Bowen.

Enclosure 1 in No. 5. Mr. Nunes to Sir G. E. Bowen. Colonial Office, 19th February, 1869. Mr. Nunes presents his compliments to Sir George Bowen, and encloses a cover which contained a letter to Sir E. Eogers, marked "private and immediate." Sir George Bowen will see that the cover is marked to go by Marseilles, whereas it reached the Colonial Office by Southampton. This change of route delayed its delivery until after the mail for Australia of 29th January; and as no mail was sent by Panama on the Ist February, there has been no opportunity of acknowledging the letter until to-day. Mr. Nunes explained the circumstance to Sir E. Eogers at the time, and now mentions it to Sir George Bowen lest he should have looked for an earlier notice of its arrival.

Enclosure 2 in No. 5. Minute by Mr. McLean. In the Despatch from the Secretary of State to the Governor of New Zealand, No. 12, of the 29th January ultimo, Earl Granville desires to be informed on the following points : — (1.) The limits within which tho ap- Tho whole of the Province of Auckland, excepting the prehension of Native disturbances is immediate vicinity of the town, the Northern Peninsula, and considered to exist ? Lower Waikato. The whole of the Province of Taranaki. The Waitotara and Wanganui Districts of the Province of Wellington. Tho northern frontier of the Province of Hawke's Bay. (2.) The number of Maoris in arms A question difficult to answer approximately, impossible against the Government during the last to answer accurately. twelve months ? In one sense, every Hauhau in New Zealand is in arms against the Government; but I take the question to apply to those who have been in actual collision with the forces. These have fluctuated considerably in numbers at different times, but probably have not exceeded 1,200 men at any one time. On the East Coast, under Te Kooti, 600. On the West Coast, under Titokowaru, 600. Total, 1,200. Donald McLean.

A.—No. 1b

Enclosure 3 in No. 5. Minute by Colonel Whitmore. In the Despatch from the Secretary of State to the Governor of New Zealand, No. 12, of the 29th January ultimo, Earl Granville desires to be informed on the following points:— (1.) The limits within which the ap- With reference to the inquiry contained in Lord Granville's prehension of Native disturbances is Despatch, I beg to say that the Native disturbances must be considered to exist ? considered to exist, at all events, within the limits of the localities in which operations have been actually carried on. Therefore, the whole Province of Taranaki, and from the boundary of that Province the district extending thence to the Wanganui Eiver, must be comprehended by such limits. On the East Coast, the northern half of the Province of Hawke's Bay, and the district lying between Hawke's Bay on the one side and the Bay of Plenty on the other, stretching westward to the Lake Taupo, has been the scene of actual hostilities. But tho Waikato District has been necessarily obliged, by the close proximity and the threatening attitude of the King Natives, to remain armed, and consequently caused a considerable demand on the Colonial forces. At Tauranga and at Napier the population has been compelled to stand on the defensive, and to provide for the protection of their homes. Thus it will be seen that in every Province outbreaks havo occurred, and the districts actually occupied by our troops constitute a very considerable portion of the Island. (2.) The number of Maoris in arms On the West Coast, Titokowaru had, after Moturoa, in against the Government during the last November and December last, close upon 800 men. Te twelvemonths? Kooti's force, with which he attacked Poverty Bay, was under 200, but he obtained accessions to his force from the so-called friendly Natives, and from the Uriweras. Several other tribes joined him, and he met with considerable losses, so that it is difficult to fix what may have been his average strength; but, from careful consideration of all the information I can get, I believe he must have had 400 followers irregularly present in his camp, but whom he could, under favourable circumstances, have assembled. Besides his own followers, Te Kooti formed an alliance with the Uriwera tribes, and these can send 300 to 400 men into the field. It is very difficult to state exactly what force of insurgents may be at any particular moment in the field under any Maori leader. The youth of the Hauhau tribes naturally desires to distinguish itself in war, and warriors go and come continually from the neutral, and even (it is said) friendly, tribes to the camp of the insurgents. At least fifteen hundred (1,500) Natives have been in the field, I think, at various points, and being themselves certain of a refuge with the King party in the interior, have been able to threaten at the same time the whole West Coast of the Island, and the line of seaboard from Tauranga to Napier. G. S. Whitmore.

No. 6. Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. (No. 82.) Government House, Wellington, My Lord,— New Zealand, 6th July, 1869. With my Despatch No. 69, of the 19th ultimo, I had the honor to forward the Reports and other documents furnished by my late Constitutional Advisers concerning those points in their management of Native affairs and of the Colonial forces which were commented upon in your Lordship's Despatch No. 30, of the 26th Eebruary ultimo. Eor facility of reference I now annex printed copies of these papers, and solicit for them an attentive perusal. I annex also a Schedule of those Parliamentary Papers (respecting Native affairs, the Colonial forces, and the other subjects to which your Lordship has directed attention) which have been pubHshed since I arrived in NeAV Zealand; and all of which must be already in the Library of the Colonial Office, having been transmitted in due course in pursuance of the Standing Orders of that Department.

16

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—No. 1b

2. It is with much concern that I now find the Reports and official documents which I havo sent home described as insufficient; for my Despatches will show that I have conscientiously laboured, sparing no personal risk or toil, to make myself thoroughly acquainted with this country (a great portion of which I have already visited), its inhabitants of both races, and the general posture of its affairs. I would venture further to observe that my exertions in these respects have been recognized in seA reral Despatches from the Colonial Office. 3. In addition to the mass of information contained or referred to in the enclosures, I beg permission to submit the following explanatory remarks :— A. It Avill be seen that the accompanying official papers deny, on high authority, the accuracy of the allegations Avhich appear to have been made in the newspapers, and otherwise, respecting the prisoners avlio escaped last year from the Chatham Islands. It will be recollected, of course, that they were sent there long before the beginning of my connection with New Zealand, and, as it will be perceived from one of the Parliamentary Papers, by order of the Colonial Ministry of that day. The position of these men Avas one of the first questions into which I felt it my duty to make inquiry immediately after assuming my present office on sth Eebruary, 1868; and in one of my earliest Despatches I transmitted home all the information which I could procure on the subject. After a diligent search, no record could be found (as I am assured) at the Government House shoAving that my predecessor, Sir George Grey, had ever been formally consulted by his Ministers in this matter, or that ho had ever made any Report whatsoever upon it to the Secretary of State. It is not for me to explain this part of the conduct of my able predecessor. It has been suggested, hoAvever, that Sir George Grey desired to avoid the appearance of prejudging the decision of the Colonial Parliament and Courts of Law on questions which Avere certain to be debated in the former, and might probably become the subject of proceedings in the latter. Eor it has frequently been remarked here that the Habeas Corpus Act has never hitherto been suspended in New Zealand during the Maori war, Avhich has uoav continued, with little intermission, for the last nine years, as it Avas in Ireland during a lengthened period on account of the far less bloody and dangerous outbreaks of the Eenians. Consequently, it AA ras always open to any person, Avhether Maori or European Philo-Maori, who should doubt the legality of the detention of these prisoners, to appeal to the Supreme Court of the Colony. It has been further suggested that Sir George Grey felt convinced by his long experience that it would be well nigh impossible for Parliamentary Government in a Colony to be carried on with success, or Avith honor and advantage to the Queen's service, "if the Governor " were to convert his official Despatches (which may be published at any time in " the Parliamentary Papers) into a running commentary of criticism on the actions " of his Responsible Advisers in the execution of their Constitutional functions." Eor my own part, I shall always continue to guide myself in this respect (except in extreme cases, or Avhen otherwise instructed) by the principles laid down by successive Secretaries of State for the Colonies, and which may be said to be summed up by Mr. CardAvell, when he wrote as follows : —" I must express an " earnest hope that, in future, the daily business of the Colony may be transacted " between the Governor and his advisers under relations of mutual confidence, and "in a friendly and cordial spirit, rather than by means of adverse Minutes, " treasuring up records against a future time, and involving great and deplorable " delay in the conduct of present and pressing affairs." B. Eull Reports of the commencement and progress of the fresh disturbances on the East and West Coasts of this Island respectively, and Minutes showing the views and proceedings of the Colonial Government in consequence of those outbreaks, Avere duly forwarded at the time in my Despatches Nos. 78 and 79, of the Bth August, 1868, and thereafter by every monthly mail. I beg also to solicit attention to the detailed information respecting these events now supplied, with reference to your Lordship's Despatch, No. 30, by the Department of Native Affairs. Many persons here —and lam myself inclined to this opinion—consider it unfortunate, under the peculiar circumstances of this country, that Major Biggs, the Resident Magistrate at Poverty Bay, did not await instructions from the Central Government before he in any way interfered with the prisoners escaped 5

17

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. Ib,

from the Chatham Islands, even by simply challenging them to surrender the arms which they had plundered from the public stores. Major Biggs has paid the penalty of his zeal by a cruel and bloody death, together with his brave young wife and their infant child, amid the horrors of the Poverty Bay massacre. But it appears to be an act of justice due to the memory of this gallant and lamented officer that I should mention the illustration of his conduct often insisted upon by many of his felloAV-colonists. They argue thus : —" If a party of two hundred " Eenian prisoners, during the recent disturbances in Ireland, had overpoAvered "their guards, murdering those who attempted to prevent their escape, and plun- " dering a quantity of rifles and ammunition from the Queen's magazines; had then "forcibly seized a ship, throwing overboard those of the crew and of their own " number Avho were not prepared to go all lengths with them in their bloody and " desperate schemes ; had then landed in one of the disaffected districts in Minister "or Leinster, and marched up the country to join other bodies of rebels in arms " against the Crown ; had further, Avhen challenged by the local magistrates and " police to surrender the stolen rifles in their possession, attacked them and killed " several of them; would not the escaped Eenians, guilty of such conduct, have " been pursued with the whole strength of the Government in Ireland until they " had been either re-captured or destroyed ? " C. Your Lordship further Avrites : —" I find it also said that the disturbances " on the West Coast arose from an arbitrary seizure of two Natives, as pledges or " hostages for the return of two horses, which Avere retaken by the Natives after " having been captured by General Chute." It Avill be perceived that " all the " evidence bearing on the above statement has been laid unreseiwedly before the "Legislature, and printed in the Appendix to the Journals of 1868, A. No. 8, " copies of which have been duly forwarded to the Colonial Office." I submit that what has happened at Patea entirely confirms the opinions which I have repeatedly expressed as to the imprudence of placing settlers on the confiscated lands in outlying and exposed situations. It may, of course, be said that I judge long after the event, for the policy referred to was carried out several years before my arrival in NeAV Zealand. D. In pursuance of your Lordship's instructions, detailed Returns are transmitted herewith, showing " the numbers and pay of the European " Colonial force and of the Native Contingent during the last two years." It Avill be seen that the permanent moveable force (in addition to the Local Militia and Volunteers, and to the Civil Police) maintained by the Colony at the time of my arrival in NeAV Zealand (in the early part of 1868), consisted of tAventy-five (25) officers and four hundred and ninety-six men (496) men. This force has been since gradually increased, until on 15th May ultimo it amounted to a total of three thousand four hundred (3,400) officers and men on "active service and pay," viz., (1) Europeans: one hundred and one (101) officers, and tAvo thousand two hundred, and forty-five (2,245) non-commissioned officers and privates ; and (2) one thousand and fifty-four (1,054) Natives. At the same date the enrolled Militia and Volunteers (available only for the defence of their respective districts) were estimated to exceed, in the North Island alone, eleven thousand (11,000) officers and men of all arms. Further, I have repeatedly pointed out, in my official and confidential communications to the Colonial Office, that the political party in New Zealand which introduced the so-called "self--reliance policy" (in the first instance, it is generally stated, as a party movement, and in consequence of the general irritation caused by the conduct and language of certain Military officers then in this country) never succeeded in inducing the Colonial Parliament to appropriate what subsequent experience has shown to be sufficient supplies for the establishment of a permanent local force strong enough to take the place of the Regular troops. In particular, with my Despatch of the 7th January ultimo I transmitted and solicited attention to a statement, then recently published by Sir David Monro, " narrating on the high " authority of the Speaker of the popular branch of the Legislature Avhat may be " termed the parliamentary history of the self-reliant policy." In that statement the Speaker remarked that, so far as the New Zealand Legislature is concerned,

18

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

19

A—No, Ib,

" nothing, in fact, has been done in the direction of self-reliance beyond the very " inexpensive proceeding of passing the resolutions in its favour." 4. It will have been perceived from my previous Despatches that, in pursuance of the terms of my instructions, I lose no proper opportunity of impressing on the public men of all parties that it is now the settled policy of the Imperial Authorities to leave this Colony to rely entirely on itsoAvn resources and exertions for its internal defence, and that " the Home Government will not resume the " responsibility of controlling the Native affairs of Ncav Zealand." 5. I will address your Lordship in a separate Despatch on the important questions raised in the tAvo last paragraphs of your Despatch No. 30, of Eebruary 26th, 1869. I have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. E. BOWEN.

No. 7. Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. (No. 83.) Government House, Wellington, My Lord, — New Zealand, 7th July, 1869. It is my duty to report that strong comments have been made by the leading public men of all parties in this country, in the Colonial Parliament, and otherwise, and by the principal organs of the Colonial Press, on the two last paragraphs of your Lordship's Despatch No. 30, of the 26th Eebruary, ultimo, viz.:— " I see it stated in the ncAvspapers that you haA Te offered a reward of £1,000 for " the person of the Maori Chief Titokowaru —I infer alive or dead —and £5 for the " person of every Maori rebel brought in alive. " I do not pronounce any opinion at present as to the propriety of these steps. " But I must observe that they are so much at variance Avith the usual laAvs of "war, and appear at first sight so much calculated to exasperate and extend " hostilities, that they ought to have been reported to me by you officially, Avith " the requisite explanation, which I should now be glad to receive." 2. It is contended here that this passage implies that the Maoris iioav in arms against the Queen, and, in particular, the cannibal Titokowaru and his band, are foreign enemies, or, at all events, "belligerents," with AA rhom " the usual Laws of "war" must be strictly observed, and it is felt that the question thus raised is of the highest practical importance. It has, therefore, been referred by the Colonial Ministers for the opinion of the Attorney-General, which I now enclose, soliciting for it careful consideration. 3. It will be seen that, so far back as in 1842 and 1844, the then Secretary of State for the Colonies (the present Lord Derby) Avrote as folkyvvs : —" The Queen " has, by the most solemn acts, asserted her own sovereignty over the Avhole of " New Zealand, and has, with equal distinctness, announced and asserted it to all " foreign States. Parliament, by their enactment of the Session of 1842, have " affirmed the same principle. I repeat, therefore, that the most implicit acquies- " cence in it is the indispensable condition of the tenure of any public office in "the Colony." The Attorney-General proceeds to show that the ground thus taken up more than a quarter of a century back, has since been, strengthened by a series not only of Royal Charters and Commissions, but also of Acts of the Imperial and Colonial Legislatures ; and, further, that even if Titokowaru and his followers were to be regarded as foreign enemies or as "belligerents," they have still, OAving to their own savage cruelties, forfeited, by the law of nations, all right to be treated according to the "usual laws of war." " The Maoris now in arms have put forward no grievance for which they seek "redress. Their object, so far as it can be collected from their acts, is murder, " cannibalism, and rapine. They form themselves into bands, and roam the country " seeking a prey. "In punishing the perpetrators of such crimes, is the Sovereign to be " restrained, by the rules which the laws of nature and of nations have declared

F.c._App.,lB69 1 A. No. 14.

A.—No. Ib.

" applicable in the wars betAveen civilized nations ? Clearly not. Even if those " now in arms had not been guilty of such enormous atrocities, it does not appear " to me that the insurrection or rebellion is of such a character, or has yet reached " such proportions, as to enable it to be said that those who, having taken part in " it, are captured ought to be treated as prisoners of war. I see no reason why " they should not be treated as persons guilty of levying war against the Crown. " No doubt, in so treating them, the Crown Avould exercise its power with mercy: " the numbers of those in arms, and who have been and are likely to be captured, " and the fact that the men are of a savage race, afford sufficient reasons for con- " fining the highest penalties of the law to those Avho are the leaders of the revolt, "or have actually participated in the atrocities that have been committed. Un- " fortunately, however, the re\'olt has been carried on in defiance of all the laws " of nature, and there can be no doubt that all who have taken part in it have " forfeited all claim for mercy : certainly, all title to the observance toward^ them " of the usages of war, if they ever had such title. " Nevertheless, the measures taken to suppress such revolts as those that " have occurred, and no doubt will continue to occur, amongst the Maoris, should "be such as are calculated to suppress and not to extend or exaggerate them; " and AA'ith this view, no doubt, the Government Avill, as it has ahvays done, treat " those who have taken part in such revolts with no greater severity than the " circumstances of the case may seem to require. " Reference is made, in the questions put to me, to the Despatch of the " Secretary of State, Lord Granville, of the 26th Eebruary, 1869. In this he says, " ' I see it stated in the neAvspaper that you have offered a reward of £1,000 for " ' the person of the Maori Chief, TitokoAA raru (I infer dead or alive), and £5 for the " ' persons of Maori rebels brought in. Ido not pronounce any opinion at present " ' as to the propriety of these steps, but I must observe that they are so much at " ' A rariance Avith. the usual laws of Avar, and appear, at first sight, so much calcu- " ' lated to exasperate and extend hostilities, that they ought to have been " ' reported to me by you officially, with the requisite explanation, which I should " ' now be glad to receive.' " The Secretary of State uses language from Avhich it may be implied that " those Avho have and are still perpetrating such atrocities as have been per- " petrated here, ought, in his opinion, to be treated as enemies carrying on " ' hostilities' according to the usages of war, and that such hostilities may bo " exasperated and extended by the offering of reAvards for the apprehension of such " enemies. " This measure does not seem open to any objection in the case of a Govern- " ment engaged in the suppression of a revolt, accompanied, as such revolt has " been, with all the unrelenting cruelty of savage nature. The object of the " Government is self-preservation. The peaceful citizens must be protected at all " costs. Even in the case of a foreign enemy who violates the laws of nature and " the usages of war, the utmost seA rerities are permitted as a punishment for his " crimes. According to Valtel (book 111. eh. viii.), 'There is one case in which " ' wc may refuse to spare the life of an enemy who surrenders, or to alloAV any " ' capitulation to a toAvn reduced to the last extremity. It is when that enemy " ' has been guilty of some enormous breach of the law of nations, and par- " ' ticularly when lie has violated the laws of war. This refusal of quarter is no " \ natural consequence of the war, but a punishment for his crime, —a punish- " ' ment Avhich the injured party has a right to inflict. But, in order that it may "' be justly inflicted, it must fall on the guilty. When A\ re are at Avar with a " \ savage nation, Avho observe no rules and never give quarter, we may punish " ' them in the persons of any of their people whom avc take (these belonging to " ' the number of the guilty), and endeavour, by this rigorous proceeding, to force " ' them to respect the laws of humanity.'" 4. Mr. Stafford, in his Memorandum on this question, remarks:—" Earl " Granville suspends his judgment as to the propriety of these steps (i.e. the action " of the Colonial Ministers in offering rewards for TitokoAvaru and Te Kooti), on "the ground that 'they are much at variance with the usual laws of war.' " When his Lordship shall have had leisure to consider the details of the acts of

20

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—No. Ib.

" Titokowaru and Te Kooti, he Avill perhaps come to the conclusion that their " atrocities are happily as exceptional as the course adopted with a view to their " punishment. But the offers in question are not without precedent, in the history " of the Mutiny in India, and even of the Eenian outrages within the heart of the " United Kingdom. Every atrocity of the Sepoy Rebellion has been parallelled " and outdone in the raids, burnings, violations, tortures, murders, and cannibal- " ism of the last nine months in NeAV Zealand, and with less provocation or " excuse." 5. It aaIH be further recollected that, so far back as on the sth September ultimo, I transmitted a Memorandum from Colonel Haultain, then the Minister for Colonial Defence, shoAAdng that every effort was made in the due course of IaAV " to bring to justice TitokoAvaru and his gang of murderers War- " rants were issued against them after the coroner's inquest held on the bodies of " some of the settlers, whom they have treacherously killed and savagely "mutilated Any prisoners that may be taken Avill be tried before the " Supreme Court of the Colony, as were the Maoris who in 1865 murdered " Messrs. Volkner and Eulloon at Opotiki, on the East Coast of this Island." In my previous Despatch No. 78, of the Bth August, 1868, I had forwarded a copy of Titokowaru's proclamation to his tribe (dated 25th June, 1868), in which he boasted of bis cannibalism—of " eating an European trooper like a piece of beef. "He Avas cooked in a pot; the Avomen and children partook of the food. I have " begun to eat human flesh; and my throat is constantly open for the flesh of " man." Again, with my Despatch No. 14, of the 31st January ultimo, I forwarded Colonel McDonnell's account of his Adsit to TitokoAvaru's abandoned pa at Te Ngutu-o-te-manu ("the HaAvk's Beak"), to ascertain the fate of the officers and men of the Colonial forces who were killed and Avounded in the action of the 7th September, 1868, and Avhose bodies unfortunately fell into the hands of the rebels. Colonel McDonnell Avrote : " I regret to say that the report which reached "me about the burning of tho bodies of those left in. the field is too correct; and " a more horribly revolting spectacle could not have been witnessed. We found " the remains of two large fires or altars outside the pa, and of a small one inside, at " the foot of a rata tree. The charred remains of human bones and skulls at each " of these fires, with other signs horrible to think of, told a sickening and aAvful " tale. I fear the story related of poor Corporal Russell, relative to his having " been burnt aliAre, is true ; and this most likely took place at the foot of the rata " tree mentioned above. There is no doubt that the dead Avere partly eaten and " partly offered as a sacrifice by the infamous TitokoAvaru and his band." In your Despatch No. 45, of 23rd April ultimo, your Lordship acknoAvledged the receipt of my Despatch " enclosing a report from Colonel McDonnell of a successful expe- " dition under him to the pa of the rebel chief Titokowaru," and added, " I am " greatly shocked to hear, from Colonel McDonnell's report, of the barbarous " manner in which the remains of some of the Colonial troops were treated; and " I can hardly express the feeling of horror with which I learn that there is reason " to fear that one of them was burnt alive." 6. Your Lordship has required from me explanations of the conduct of the Colonial Government with regard to Titokowaru. The above-mentioned facts alone, taken in connection with the opinion of the Attorney-General, seem to justify, according to the law of nations, the decision of the Ministers to treat Titokowaru and also Te Kooti (\vhose cruelties have been hardly less atrocious) in an exceptional manner, so as to make a clear and broad distinction betvveen them and those insurgents who, like the Waikato tribes, have waged a comparatively honourable warfare. Moreover, it has been asked here, " Why should the " Ministry of New Zealand be blamed for adopting, against Maori murderers and " cannibals, measures far less stringent than those for which Lord Seaton, Sir " Henry Ward, Lord Torrington, Lord Canning, and other Governors, have been " applauded for adopting in the suppression of the rebellions in Canada, Cepha- " lonia, Ceylon, India, and Ireland ?" It is Avell known that, in all the rebellions alluded to, reAvards were offered for the persons of the rebel leaders, in some cases "dead or alive" toticlem verbis; that "martial law" was proclaimed, the Habeas Corpus Act was suspended; numerous prisoners were executed for being 6

21

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A—No. in

22

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

merely taken in arms against the CroAvn ; and other measures of repression were carried out much more severely than in New Zealand. 7. As your Lordship is already aware, Colonel Haultain and Mr. Richmond offered rewards for Titokowaru and Te Kooti respectively, while those Ministers were in the field with the Colonial forces, at a great distance from the seat of Government, and necessarily without the previous knowledge or sanction of the Governor. Their colleagues entirely concurred in the action taken, so soon as they heard of it; and when it was discussed in the Parliament, the leading men of all parties gave it almost unanimous support. I am informed that there appears to be a very general determination to resist the active interference of any Imperial authority in the internal government of NeAV Zealand, uoav that the Imperial Government has transferred the entire control and management of Native affairs to the Colonial Ministers for the time being, and has absolutely declined to give any assistance or to incur any responsibility in the suppression of the existing Maori rebellion. 8. I earnestly trust that I shall not be misunderstood in any quarter, and that my conduct during my long career in the service of the Crown will show that I am not likely to shrink from any responsibility properly belonging to my office. I have never concealed that, so far as my personal feelings are concerned, I should greatly prefer to be in the position occupied by my predecessors in NeAV Zealand down to 1862, for (among other considerations) it is naturally very painful to be subjected to censure, both in England and in this Colony, for the actions of other men, when all power of direct control has been taken out of the hands of the Governor, and he has also been deprived of all physical force by the entire removal of the Imperial troops. But I know, of course, that this position is for many reasons unaA roidablc under existing circumstances; and (as I have often stated elsewhere) I concur Avith the opinion of Mr. Herman Merivale that " the sugges- " tion of establishing in the same Colony Responsible Government for the settlers, " and a separate administration of Native Affairs under the Imperial authorities, "is unpractical. There cannot be two Governments in the same community; " certainly not unless some mode can be devised of having two public purses." It might be added that the progress of events in this Colony has abundantly proved that nothing but disaster can follow from divided councils, and from divided poAver and responsibility. The real management of Native Affairs must rest either Avith a Governor responsible to the Secretary of State, or with a Ministry responsible to the Colonial Parliament. It is not to be denied, hoAvever, that the Governor of a Colony possessing Parliamentary institutions, as an impartial though not indifferent observer, and friendly moderator of extreme vieAvs, may effect much good, but only (as Earl Grey has remarked) "by a judicious use of " the influence rather than of the authority of his office." It need scarcely be added that he must always be careful not to identify himseH in any manner with illegal or cruel measures; but I haAre yet to learn that there is any set of public men in the NeAV Zealand Parliament desirous to adopt measures of that nature. 9. In this and in previous Despatches I have submitted the explanation required concerning the conduct of the Colonial Government, Avdth, I trust, a not unbecoming frankness, and certainly without the intentional use of a single word inconsistent with the respect due to your Lordship, both personally and as the Minister through Avhom I receive the instructions of Her Majesty's Government. I have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. E. BOWEN.

No. 8. (Telegram.) Erom Governor of Ceylon to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. I am requested by the Governor of Ne\v Zealand to transmit to your Lordship the folloAving telegraphic message :• —" Wellington, New Zealand, seventh August, 1869. Ministers request me to state that resolutions have been passed almost unanimously in both Houses of the New Zealand Parliament,

A.—No. Ib.

praying for the detention of the Eighteenth Regiment as a garrison and moral support. An Act has also been passed and transmitted by this mail, binding the Colony to pay whatever contribution the Imperial Government may demand, if the retention of the Eighteenth is sanctioned on these terms. It is requested that a telegram may be sent immediately to General Chute, at Melbourne.—G. E. Bowen. The steamer leaves Ceylon, for NeAV Zealand, on sixth October."

No. 9. Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. (No. 98.) Government House, Wellington, My Lord, — New Zealand, 31st July, 1869. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Lordship's Despatch No. 62, of the 21st May ultimo, written in reply to my Despatch No. 30, of the 11th March ultimo, Avhich forAvarcled a Memorandum from Mr. Stafford, requesting to be informed on Avhat terms Her Majesty's Government would allow a portion of Her Majesty's troops to be stationed in New Zealand. 2. The important Despatch noAv under acknoAvledgment was immediately communicated to the Ministers of New Zealand, who laid it before both Houses of the local Legislature. I shall have the honor of reporting elsewhere the steps taken by the Colonial Government in this matter. 3. On the 14th instant I received, through the Acting-Governor of Ceylon, a telegram from the Colonial Office, of which I transmit a verbatim copy. It will be seen that this telegram reached me in an imperfect condition; but the meaning seems to be that the AA rords "peaceful solution," at the end of your Lordship's Despatch No. 62, refer to measures such as, in my confidential Despatch of the 7th December ultimo, I stated to be, in my opinion, desirable, and which received your approval in your confidential Despatch of the 26th Eebruary ultimo, namely, (a) "The prohibition of outlying settlements," and (b) " Some general arrangement, having for its object the modified recognition of the Maori King." Doubtless I shall know by the next English mail if this interpretation is correct. Meanwhile I have communicated the telegram to the Ministers, Avho agree with the above-mentioned vieAvs, but greatly fear that a " peaceful solution" is rendered difficult, if not impossible, by the announcement of the immediate remoA'al of the last battalion of the Queen's troops, which, in their opinion, has, to a most dangerous degree, excited the hostile and dispirited the friendly Maori clans. I have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. E. BOWEN.

Enclosure in No. 9. Verbatim Copy of Teleoeam received on 14th July, 1869, by the Goveenoe of New Zealand through the Goveenob of Ceylon. Ceylon Telegraph Bepartment. Erom London C. B. Z. E. to Ceylon. Erom Lord Granville to the Governor of Ceylon. Please send a —The Following message t is Earge bowen in New Zealand and to the end of my despatch number (62) of the (21) instant the following words such as was confidential despatch of the seventh of December and approved by me in my despatch of the (26) Eebruary last. 29 2-5 p.m. 30 9-38 (P. 12-56.) [The Telegram, as sent, is printed as No. 2 in scries of this Paper (Secretary of State's Despatches), page 184.]

23

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

•A—No. Ib

24

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

No. 10. Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. (No. 100.) Government House, Wellington, My Lord, — New Zealand, 3rd August, 1869. With my Despatch No. 80, by the last mail, I transmitted a Ministerial Memorandum, dated 6th July ultimo, strongly advising me, for the reasons therein stated, to take steps to delay the departure from this Colony of the 18th Regiment, the last battalion of the Queen's troops still remaining here. I also reported, at the same time, the terms in which I had informed the Ministers that the instructions from Her Majesty's Government were peremptory, and that it was entirely beyond my power to comply with their request. 2. At the urgent solicitation of Ministers, I afterwards consented to transmit copies of their Memorandum to General Chute and Commodore Lambert respectively, so that the Naval and Military authorities might be kept acquainted with the present state of New Zealand. I felt it to be my duty, hoAvever, to AA ram Ministers that no practical result would, in my opinion, follow from my compliance with their request. I submit, herewith, copies of my letters to General Chute and Commodore Lambert, from which it Avill be seen that I forwarded the Memorandum of my Responsible Advisers simply for the information of those officers. 3. It Avill be further perceived that I addressed General Chute as follows :— " In your letter of the 17th ultimo, you acquainted me that you had already " issued the necessary orders for carrying out the instructions of Her Majesty's " Government respecting the battalion still in New Zealand, but you gave me no " information as to the exact periods at Avhieh the detachments now garrisoning " the chief toAAms in the disturbed districts (that is, Wanganui, Taranaki, and " Napier), and the head-quarters of the regiment at Auckland, Avill be finally " AvithdraAvn. I request that you Avill favour me with this information at your " earliest convenience, after making the necessary arrangements, so that the " Colonial Government may be enabled to take steps for replacing (so far as may " be found practicable) Her Majesty's troops with detachments of the local " forces." I have since been informed by Colonel Elliot, the Commandant in New Zealand, that the detachments at Wanganui, Taranaki, and Napier Avill be removed to Auckland between the 12th and the 16th of this month (August). I observe also, from advertisements in the newspapers, that tenders have been invited for the conveyance of the 18th Regiment from Auckland to Australia, but as yet I have received no intimation as to the exact time at Avhich General Chute will carry out this measure. He will, however, doubtless report his intentions to the War Office. I have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. E. BOWEN.

Enclosure 1 in No. 10. Governor Sir G. E. Bowen to Major-General Sir T. Chute, K.C.B. Government House, Wellington, Sic,— New Zealand, 19th July, 1869. With reference to your letter to me of the 17th, and to my reply of the 30th ultimo, respecting the removal of tho 2-18 th Eegiment from New Zealand, I have the honor, at the urgent request of my Eesponsible Advisers the Ministers of this Colony, to transmit the enclosed copy of a Memorandum since laid before me by them, of which I have also sent copies to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, and to Commodore Lambert. Tou will, of course, understand that I forward this Memorandum to you simply for your information. I have stated to the Colonial Ministers that no control or discretion whatever has been left to me in the matter of the removal of the 2-18 th Eegiment; that lam not aware if any discretion has been left to you ; and that at all events, the final instructions for the removal have been sent not to the Governor but to tho Major-General Commanding, acting in concert with the Senior Naval Officer. In your letter of the 17th ultimo, you acquainted me that you had already issued tho necessary orders for carrying out the instructions of Her Majesty's Government respecting tho battalion still in New Zealand ; but you gave me no information as to the exact periods at which tho detachments now garrisoning the chief towns in the disturbed districts (that is, Wanganui, Taranaki, and Napier), and the head-quarters of the Eegiment at Auckland, will be finally withdrawn. I request that you will

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

25

A.—No. Ib.

favour me with this information at your earliest convenience, after making the necessary arrangements, so that the Colonial Government may be enabled to take steps for replacing (so far as may be found practicable) Her Majesty's troops with detachments of the local forces. I have, &c, Major-General Sir T. Chute, X.C.8., Melbourne. G. E. Bowen. Enclosure 2 in No. 10. Governor Sir G. E. Bowen to Commodore Lambert, C.B. Government House, Wellington, Sic,-— New Zealand, 19th July, 1869. At the urgent request of my Responsible Advisers, tho Ministers of New Zealand, I have the honor to transmit the enclosed copy of a Memorandum laid before me by them, respecting the removal of the 2-18 th Eegiment from New Zealand ; of which I have also sent copies to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, and to Major-General Sir Trevor Chute, K.C.B. Tou will, of course, understand that I forward this Memorandum to you simply for your information. I have stated to the Colonial Ministers that no control or discretion whatsoever has been left to me in the matter of the removal of tho 2-18 th Eegiment; that I am not aware if any discretion has been left to General Chute ; and that, at ail events, the final instructions for the removal have been sent, not to the Governor, but to the Major-General Commanding, acting in concert with the Senior Naval Officer. I have, &c, Commodore Lambert, C.8., H.M.S. " Challenger," G. E. Bowen. Wellington.

No. 11. Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. (No. 101.) Government House, Wellington, My Lord,— New Zealand, 4th August, 1869. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Lordship's Despatch No. 38, of the 25th March ultimo, informing me that there is no objection to the employment of Captain Young, of the 2nd Battalion 18th (Royal Irish) Regiment, " as my acting Military Secretary during the continuance of the " present warlike operations in New Zealand." 2. I beg leave to express my sense of the consideration Avhich has been shown for the Colony and for myself in this matter. Captain Young joined my staff on the Ist July ultimo. As he has passed the Staff College, and is the author of a practical and useful pamphlet on defensive works, my Ministers have requested me to send him to the Waikato, in consequence of the general apprehension of an attack from the rebel Maoris in that quarter, with the object of repairing and improving (of course at the expense of the Colonial Treasury) the stockades and redoubts in those districts and in the approaches to Auckland. I have given Captain Young directions accordingly, and will fonvard to your Lordship copies of the reports which he will address to me. 3. The employment of Captain Young in this manner appears to come clearly within the scope of the offer of European commissioned and non-commissioned officers to assist in the organization of the Colonial forces and defences, made by your Lordship in your " confidential" Despatch of the 26th Eebruary ultimo. But if the Military authorities should object to the active employment of Captain Young under my orders, it will be better that he should rejoin his regiment; for it would not be fair to expect the Colonial Government to pay him for performing only the routine office-work of a Military Secretary. Moreover, as it is hoped that the " warlike operations in New Zealand" will not be permanent (though there is no immediate prospect of their cessation), it is submitted that Captain Young's temporary employment in this country ought not to preclude him from professional employment on the regular staff of the army as an officer that has passed the necessary examinations at the Military College. 4. I did not fail to consult my Responsible Advisers on that paragraph of your Lordship's Despatch of the 26th Eebruary ultimo, in Avhich it is stated as follows: —" It appears to me to deserve the consideration of your Government, 7

A.—No. 1b

26

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

" A\dietker a more perfect organization might be introduced among the Native " Contingent, by a large infusion of European commissioned and non-commissioned " officers. Tribes exclusively led by their chiefs cannot be permanently relied " upon. There is every reason to believe that under trusted European leaders they " Avould be so. lam sure that the Secretary of State for War will be ready to " facilitate any arrangement for enabling officers in the army to take service either " for this purpose in the Native Contingent, or in the European force now maintained in the Colony." With regard to this subject, Mr. McLean, the present Minister for Native Affairs and Defence, and other public men intimately acquainted with the Maoris, consider that the experiment suggested by your Lordship Avould probably be full of danger. They observe that the Maori clans in arms for the Crown resemble, in some respects, the so-called "Irregular" Native corps in India. Noav, the European officers attached to such corps are men who have received a long training in India for that particular duty, or Avho have shown special fitness for it by acquiring an intimate knoAvledge of the languages, customs, and feelings of the men Avhom they Avould have to command. It is notorious that there would be a constant risk of dangerous mutinies and rebellions if illselected or inexperienced officers were attached to the Sikhs, the Ghoorkas, or to other corps composed of the more Avarlike nations of India. Several retired military officers, Avho had become settlers in NeAV Zealand, are already employed in the Colonial forces; but it is observed here that there is no school in the British army analogous to that supplied by the Indian Service, in which officers could acquire a thorough knoAAdedge of the language and feelings of the Natives of this country; and that the control of proud and impulsive savages like the Maoris demands the most delicate management, especially as they are not, like the Native corps in India, overaAA red by a large European force. It is believed by many persons that the loyal clans know perfectly Avell that if, on the removal of the last battalion of regular troops, they choose to unite with the hostile clans, the Maoris could probably make themselves masters of all the North Island, except the cities of Auckland and Wellington ; just as, if the European troops Avere removed from India, the Sikhs and Ghoorkas, by uniting with the Hindoos and Mussulmans, could drive the English out of the Avhole country, except, perhaps, the Presidency cities. The general feeling of the Parliament, and of the leading public men of all parties in this Colony, now seems to be, that the fighting should be done by the Colonial forces only; but that it is of vital importance to retain one regiment of regular troops, as a garrison for the towns (at the cost of whatever sum the Imperial Government may require), Avith a vieAV to the moral effect which the presence of a small body of the Queen's troops produces on the Native population, both friendly and disaffected. 5. I may be permitted to take this opportunity of reporting that I have of late carefully studied, among other high authorities, the Despatches of General Cathcart respecting the measures adopted by him while Governor of the Cape, during the last Kaffir Avar, —a Avarfare closely resembling, in many points, that waged by the Maoris. In particular, Captain Young has been directed to prepare places of refuge for the country settlers and their families on the plan recommended by General Cathcart, and which cannot be described better than in his own words :—"My object being to retain possession of the country gained, what " I want is to have established in the right place, where present circumstances " require it, a defensible nucleus adapted for a large or small force, in Avhich ten " men, perfectly safe themsehres, may command a radius of two or three hundred " yards by the fire of musketry, and with a gun six hundred yards, so that Avithin " that area a large camp may be covered and protected during the absence of the " principal part of the force on patrol. " This may be effected by the construction of one small central keep or tower, " of sufficient height to command and overlook all the low huts and tents out- " side of this tower. I would reserve a certain area enclosed with a low wall or " breast-work." And again, " The object is that for which church towers were originally, no " doubt, intended in early stages of society, where a more civilized race planted " themselves among aborigines ; viz., a rallying point from whence a very few men,

A.—No. 1*

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

27

" possessed of superior projectile weapons, might command a radius within which " the community, and even their cattle, might take shelter when suddenly beset by " SAvarms of savages." 6. I have further, as your Lordship is already aware, pressed on the Colonial Government the necessity which exists for the organization of a permanent armed force on the general system of the Royal Irish Constabulary. On this subject General Cathcart remarks: —" I am convinced that an armed police should be " organized against the formidable and lawless marauders of the Kaffir race, but " that in its organization we should study its ready adaptation and future transfer "to civil purposes, so as to make it permanent. It may, no doubt, be considered " expensive in its first organization ; but a cheap thing would be a certain failure, " and a bad thing would have been of no use." And again, "The success of this " measure in protecting the Colony from marauding inroads has surpassed my " most sanguine expectations; the energies of the colonists have been called "into full activity in their own defence, and the gallantry and zeal " evinced by this police has mainly contributed to the extinction of a system of " guerilla warfare, which promised to become most troublesome, and most difficult "to be dealt with by regular troops, and, if not checked at once, most likely to " resuscitate the rebellion Avithin the Colony in its full force." 7. In conclusion, I Avould submit that in the instructions given to General Cathcart by Earl Grey (then the Secretary of State for the Colonies) in his Despatch No. 23, of Eebruary 2, 1852, there are several observations still applicable to New Zealand, though others are inconsistent Avith the policy uoav adopted by Her Majesty's Government; I refer more particularly to the following paragraph:— " You will consider only what are the measures best calculated to meet the just " claims and to promote the true and permanent interests of Her Majesty's subjects, " both in this Colony and in the Mother Country. In looking at the subject in this " light you will not fail to bear in mind that, while it is due to those persons and " their descendants Avho were induced, with the direct sanction of Parliament, to " leave this country for the purpose of settling in the eastern division of the Colony, " that they should not be abandoned without aid or support in a position of so " much danger, their right to look for the support of the Mother Country is by " no means without its limits, and that it depends upon their not failing to make " those exertions Avhich may reasonably be expected for their OAvn protection, and " to conform to those rules of conduct Avhich may be necessary for their safety. " In like manner there are other considerations affecting the Native races which " ought not to be lost sight of. If colonists of European descent are to be left, un- " supported by the power of the Mother Country, to rely solely on themselves for " protection from fierce barbarians with whom they are placed in immediate con- " tact, they must also be left to the unchecked exercise of those severe measures "of self-defence which a position of so much danger will naturally dictate. Ex- " perience shows that, in such circumstances, measures of self-defence Avill degene- " rate into indiscriminate vengeance, and will lead to the gradual extermination "of the less civilized race. To avert this result (which has hitherto been the aim " of our policy) and, by the enforcement of order, to provide for the civilization and " conversion to Christianity of these barbarous tribes, instead of leaA'ing them to " be destroyed, is a high and noble object, Avell Avorthy of considerable sacrifice on " the part of the British people; but, on the other hand, it is more than is re- " quired from them by the duties of humanity, that they should submit to the " necessity of indefinite expense, and of a constant renewal of such costly efforts " as have lately been made, in order to prevent the strife of hostile races, and " maintain peace and security in the wide regions of Southern Africa, over which " British power has been asserted." 8. I apprehend that I am in full accordance with your Lordship's wishes in constantly recommending to the Colonial Government, as the great end to be kept in vieAv, the termination of this ruinous and desultory war. No proper opportunity is lost of urging my Responsible Advisers to pursue a steady course for the gradual but systematic and effectual remoA ral of all obstacles, so far as it may be in their poAver, to the restoration of a permanent state of peace. I have spared no exertions in personally investigating, to the best of my abilities, the state of this.

A.—No. 1b

28

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

country in all its bearings, and the mutual relations of the Colonists and the Maoris; and it would be very satisfactory to me to learn how far the action which I have taken, and the views which I have attempted to shadoAV forth, meet with your Lordship's approval. I have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. E. BOWEN.

No. 12. Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. (No. 102.) Government House, Wellington, My Lord, —- New Zealand, 4th August, 1869. I have the honor to report that I lost no time in directing the attention of the proper Ministerial Department to your Lordship's Despatch No. 15, of 1869, requesting that the Colonial Office may be furnished periodically Avith complete lists of the Europeans killed or wounded during the present Maori rebellion. 2. Erom the enclosed Memorandum by Mr. McLean, the Defence Minister, it will be seen that it has been found impracticable to furnish the information required in a complete and absolutely correct shape. I noAv forward the " Casualty Roll," sent to me for transmission, " of the Europeans killed and wounded by the " rebel Maoris between June 1,1868, and August 1,1869." I enclose, also, a printed Parliamentary Paper, being a " Return of the killed and wounded, Europeans and " Natives, from May 1, 1868, to June 5, 1869." It appears that it is supposed that 244 Europeans and 152 Eriendly Natives were killed and wounded during the last-mentioned interval, while the loss of the rebels is estimated at 279 killed and 242 captured; in all 521. 3. As these Returns cannot be considered as entirely accurate, I am requested to suggest that persons inquiring at the Colonial Office after their relatives and friends in New Zealand, should still be directed to apply in the usual manner through the Crown Agents in London, when every exertion will be made by the proper Colonial Departments to procure exact information in each individual case. I have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. E. BOWEN.

Vide Appendix, 1869, A. 3a.

Enclosure 1 in No. 12. Memoeandum by Mb. McLean. Colonial Defence Office, Wellington, 4th August, 1860. His Excellency the Governor is respectfully informed that the accompanying " Casualty Roll" is incomplete, and possibly not absolutely correct in the particulars that are given. Copies of this roll have been forwarded for correction and full particulars to Officers Commanding in the various districts where the casualties occurred; but from the scattered disposition of the Colonial troops, and the irregularity of communication, much delay has occurred in obtaining the information required. When the rolls referred to are returned to this office, a complete Casualty Roll will be prepared and forwarded to His Excellency for transmission to the Secretary of State for the Colonies. Donald McLean.

A.—No. Ib.

Enclosure 2 in No. 12. CASUALTY ROLL Of Europeans Killed and Wounded by the Rebel Maoris between June 1st, 1868, and August 1st, 1869.

29

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

CO Name. Rank. Corps. Where born. Age 011 Enrolment. Date and Place of Enrolment. Nature of Casualty. Date and Place. Remarks. Smith Cahill, David Constable No. Div. A.C. ... Limerick ... Murdered by rebels June 12,1868 June 9, 1868 Waihi. Late Colour-Sergt. Taranaki Mil. Setts. JJ JJ Clarke, AVilliam ... Squires, Thomas ... Ross, Ercderiek — Sub-Inspector Armed Constabulary Oct. 26, 1867 JJ JJ JJ JJ Killed in attack on Redoubt. 33 July 12, 1868 33 Turu Turu Mokai. McEadden, J. Blake, John Ross, Ralph Shields, Patrick ... Holden, George ... Gaynor, William Lennon, Richard Beamish, Allen ... Beamish, John Connor, Michael ... Kershaw, Philip Tuffin, George Elannigan, Edward Swords, Peter Lacey, Garrot Evans, John Sergeant Corporal Constable No. 2 Div. A.C. 33 3) jj jj jj jj 33 33 Canteen-keeper. Since dead. 33 33 jj jj 33 33 jj jj 33 33 33 ii JJ JJ 33 Civilian Constable )) 33 ■•• No" 2 Div'.' A.C. '.'.'. JJ JJ JJ JJ Wounded „ 33 33 33 33 33 ,, ... jj jj )) J) 33 jj jj 33 33 Severely. ,, ... 3) 33 jj jj )3 ii ,, 3) 33 jj jj 33 a ,, 33 33 jj jj 33 33 Since dead. 33 3) ••■ 33 3» ,, No. 5 Div. A.C. '.'.'. Tenby 24 Apr. 1, 1868 Hamilton jj jj Wounded in attack on Escort. Killed in Action July 28, 1868 Waihi? I Carr, O Condon, P. Coates, AV. Canning, Davis ... Captain Constable Royal Artillery No. IDiv. A.C. Kilkenny ... Cumberland 26 28 Nov. 1, 1867 Apr. 6, 1868 Napier AVhakatane Aug. 8, 1868 Rualri Turo. Volunteer, late Lieut. Napier Militia. Severe. Severe. Dangerous. Died 10th Aug., 1868. Severe. Discharged from Hospital 9th Sept., 1868. Severe. jj jj ... 33 33 ,, ,, JJ jj jj 33 33 jj jj •■• 33 33 Tuke, Arthur Beatty, J. Byrne, P. Sub-Inspector Constable Armed Constabulary No. IDiv. A.C. Kent, England Fermanagh, Ireland ... Ireland 25 31 Oct. 29, 1867 Nov. 1, 1867 Napier AVounded in Action 53 33 jj jj ... ,, ... j, j, jj jj jj jj jj 3) 33 Lewis, J. ... ,, ... „ I, Wairoa 19 jj J3 » McKay, George ... Geary, Joseph Private Napier Volunteers ... Wellington Rifles ... 30 July 17, 1868 July 18, 1868 jj AVellington jj jj • • ■ Killed in Action Aug. 21,1868 3) Te INgutu-o-te-manu. Kerr, AVilliam A. Mackie, John AVallacc, Richard „ Constable Private AVellington Rangers No. 5 Div. A.C. AVellington Rangers Conveth, Kincardine 29 June 17,1868 Mar. 10,1868 June 23,1868 Hamilton AVellington jj jj jj 3) jj jj 33 - jj jj 3J »

A.—No. Ib.

30

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE.

Name. Rank. Corps. AVhere born. Age on Enrolment. Date and Place of Enrolment.' Nature of Casualty. Date and Place. Remarks. Collopy, Timothy Constable No. 2 Div. A.C. Wounded in Action Aug. 21,1868 Te Ngutu-o-te-manu. Slight. Dwyer, James Hope, Edward Lewis AVhiteside, Samuel Lloyd, Thomas ,, ... No. 3 No. 5 No. 5 AVellington Rangers Worcester King's County, Ireland 29 27 Mar. 10,1868 Hamilton 33 33 •" 33 33 JJ JJ jj jj Severe. Severe. Severe. Severe. Belonged to Rangitikei Volunts. Severe. Slight. Severe. Re-enrolled in A.C. 29-4-69. jj ... Corporal 33 i) June 27, „ 33 Patea Wounded in Action JJ jj JJ 33 Sedgwick, Henry Thompson, Joseph Geary, Hamilton Darlington, R. Russell, James Elkin, Alexander Eennessey, Richard Hart, Richard Von Tempsky, Gustavus Eerdinand. Gilgan, Joseph ... Davis, Israel Earrand, Edward George Downs, AVilliam Henry ... Hunter, Henry ... jj ... Private Constable Corporal Constable Inspector jj jj ... No. 2"l)iv. A.C." ..'. No. 3 „ 3) 33 33 3) Armed Constabulary „ 22, „ j, 20, „ July 18, „ Jan. 7, 1868 Wellington J) 3) ■ • • 33 33 33 3) • ■ ' Killed in Action 33 33 33 ii 33 3J 33 JJ Sept. 7, 1868 JJ JJ JJ 33 33 33 33 33 33 JJ 33 33 JJ 33 Late Lieut. 1st Waikato Militia. Late H.M. Regiment. Constable .No. 5 Div. A.C. Cavan Bloxworth, Glo'ster ... Baseford, Notts Maldon, Worcester ... 34 22 23 22 Apr. 7, „ Mar. 10, „ Hamilton 3J 33 JJ 33 jj ••• 33 J3 jj 33 33 3J 33 33 jj jj 33 33 33 JJ 33 jj • • ■ Lieutenant ... 33 33 Wellington Rangers 24 Nov. 6,'1863 ii 33 33 •'■ 3J JJ 33 )) ■•• JJ 33 Hastings, Henry Charles Holland. Hughes, G. Buck, George jj ... Private Captain 33 33 ',' Rifles '.'.'. Aug. 14,1868 June 23,- „ July 15, „ Wanganui JJ JJ 3) 33 JJ 33 Late Capt. H.M. 65th and 14th Regiments. 33 33 ■'• Lumsden, George Grant, Thomas ... Decks, John Hicks Wells, George Palmer, Alfred Pickering Best, AVilliam Grosvenor O'Brien, AV. .... ... Houston, John O'Connor, J. Burke, T. Hogan, J. Walton, T Eulton, W Toovey, J. Shanaghan, James Gemmel, Robert Lance-Corporal Private jj ... jj ... Captain Asst. Surgeon Constable jj ... 33 33 Taranaki Vol. Militia a 33 Patea Rifle Volunteers Staff No. 2 Div. A.C. J) 33 ... I - „ 17, „ 33 23, „ 33 27j ,, July 21, 1868 June 16, „ Wellington 33 Taranaki Wellington 33 3) 33 33 •*• )J 3J •■• 33 3J ••' 33 33 Wounded in Action 33 33 33 JJ ■•• JJ 33 33 33 3J JS 33 JJ JJ 33 JJ JJ JJ JJ Slight. Severe. Severe. Slight. Severe. Severe. Slight. Slight. Severe. Slight. jj ... 3) 3) 33 3J 3J 33 jj '" 33 }J No. 3 „ JJ 33 ••' JJ JJ 33 33 »■• 33 33 33 33 33 JJ 33 Sergeant Constable No. 5 ',', .'.'. Portsmouth Auckland, N.Z. Paisley 27 22 31 Mar. 20,1868 3, 11, ,J Apr. 8, „ Hamilton 33 33 33 33 JJ 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 ••• 33 33 j, 33 33 33 JJ 33 33 33

'asualtt I.OLL 01 . Europeans ill lied [ aii' Wounded, &c. — continuei

A.—No, l_u.

31

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

Name. Rank. Corps. Where born. Age on Enrolment. Date and Place of Enrolment. Nature of Casualty. Date and Place. Remarks. Harris, David M. Private AVellington Rangers June 26,1868 ! Patea Wounded in Action... Sept. 7, 1868 Te Ngutu-o-te-Manu. Severe. Dore, George Henry McGennisken Caldwell, W McManus, M Goddard, John ... Walden, James ... Griffiths, John Loder, AVilliam ... Jansey, Peter E. ... Rowan, Frederick Charles jj •• • „ ... „ ... jj '" Lance-Corporal Private ... jj jj jj jj ... jj jj • • ■ jj jj ... jj jj ... AVellington Rifles ... „ 17 „ June 20,1868 „ 22 „ „ 20 „ July 22, „ Wellington Wellington jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj „ 3J 3J JJ jj jj jj jj jj Severe; arm amputated. Slight. Slight. Slight. Slight. Severe. Severe. Severe. Slight. Dangerous ; late Ensign H.M. 43rd Regt. Severe. Slight; arm amputated. Slight. Slight. Severe. Slight. Slight. Severe. JJ 33 „ jj jj jj 3J JJ jj JJ JJ 33 jj jj ... J „ 21 „ „ 20 „ jj 33 33 33 jj jj Lieutenant ... jj jj ... Taranaki Vol. Militia jj JJ JJ JJ JJ 33 33 33 jj Melvin, John Hamblyn, James ... Holloway, W. A.... Hyland, Lawrence Elynn, John Crosby, Henry Crawley Eookcs, Albert Craeroft ... Private jj "' jj ■•• jj '" jj jj jj jj ... jj jj jj jj July 31,1868 .j 29 „ „ 27 „ j, 31 „ ., 28 „ ,j 31 „ Taranaki jj jj jj JJ JJ JJ JJ JJ JJ 33 S3 33 JJ JJ JJ 33 JJ 33 JJ jj jj •■■ jj JJ JJ J3 JJ jj Lieutenant ... Patea Yeoman Cavalry Wellington Rifles ... July 7,1865 jj JJ JJ JJ JJ Wounded accidentally in Camp Killed in attack on Escort Killed in Ambuscade Massacre JJ JJ J3 JJ JJ Smith Constable No. 5 Div. A.C. Sept. 30,1868 Patea. Collins Biggs, Reginald Newton... „ wife and child Lanec-Corporal Major Patea Yeoman Cavalry New Zealand Militia Aug. 1,1868 Oct. 16, 1868 Nov. 10, 1868 Wairoa. Poverty Bay. Resident Magistrate. Wilson, James „ wife and 4 children Captain Servant Militia Sept. 28,1868 jj ■ ■ • jj 33 JJ jj jj ;, JJ jj Dodd, George Neville Peppard, Richard Lieutenant ... Trooper Man servant Militia Poverty Bay M. Rifles Man servant Poverty Bay M. Vols. Sept, 28,1868 ,j jj j. jj JJ JJ JJ jj jj 33 33 Walsh, James „ wife and child Padbury, James ... Cadle, John Mann, Daniel Lieutenant ... Sept. 26,1868 jj ... 33 JJ jj JJ JJ Sergeant Trooper Private „ ... jj jj ... Poverty Bay Scout... jj ,j j, Wounded in Massacre JJ JJ J3 JJ JJ J) Med. Board, 24-2-69; Light duty. 33 JJ ,, wife and child Goldsmith's 2 children ... Killed JJ jj jj JJ JJ

'astjaltt .OH Of ] Europeans K Cilled . and n "Wound led, I &c. — continuet

A.—No. Ib.

32

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

'astjaltt OLL o: (Uropcans am oun< ;c. — continuei

Name. Rank. Corps. AVhere born. Age on Enrol-! ment. Date and Place of Enrolment. Nature of Casualty. Date and Place. Remarks. MeCulloch, John... ,, wife, child, & niece Rathbono Newnham, R. „ wife and child Trooper Poverty Bay M. Rifles Killed in Mas3aere Nov. 10, 1868 Poverty Bay jj jj jj jj jj jj jj J3 jj Hunter, William Magee... Inspector Man servant Armed Constabulary Peb. 15, 1868 jj jj JJ JJ Killed in Action 33 Nov. 7,' 1868 jj jj Moturoa ... Late Capt. 1st AVaikato Militia. Path, J. Lees, AA rilliam Satler, G. Eastwood, Charles Constable jj No. 3 Div. A.C. No. 6 Dublin 28 Oct. 17, 1868 Auckland jj jj jj jj 33 33 jj jj Late 1st AVaikato Militia. 33 33 Alnwick, Northumberland 24 Oct. 17,1868 Auckland jj jj jj jj 33 33 jj jj jj Missing after Engagement. Norman ... jj No. 2 „ jj jj 33 jj Savage, Joseph Nogus Nicholls, AVilliam TTrquhart, D. Kerwin Thompson, Richard Poole, T Devon, J. ... Stockfish, Chas. Newman... Kenally ... Brewer, S. Lyndcr, J. jj jj jj jj Sergeant Constable 33 33 No. 3 jj jj No. 5 „ No. 6 3' 3J Chittenham, Kent Burr, King's County Cupar, Eife 34 35 27 Mai-. 17, 1868 Oct. 12 „ ,. 10 „ Hamilton Shortland AVellington jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj Wounded in Action Killed in Action 33 33 33 33 33 JJ jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj „ (body found.) jj jj jj jj Private Corporal Private Patea Yeoman Cavalry ,, Rifle Volunteers Bristol 45 JJ jj jj „ (body found.) jj jj JJ jj jj JJ J3 jj jj JJ jj jj Constable No. 1 Div.'A.C. '.'.'. Leinster 28 Oct. 26, 1868 Patea jj jj Wounded in Action 33 33 jj jj Discharged from Hospital. Eoote, Cecil McDowell Kelly, James Keane, W. Vance, W. Cole, G. jj jj jj No. 3 33 33 ••■ jj jj jj jj jj jj J3 33 jj jj jj Died of wounds, Nov. 17, 1868. Discharged from Hospital, Dec. 18, 1868. jj jj jj 33 jj jj No. 6 ," '.'.'. Auckland, N. Zealand 23 Oct. 10, 1868 Auckland jj jj JJ jj jj jj jj jj Dolan, D. jj 33 33 Five-mile bourne, Leetham Portsmouth Glasgow 26 „ 17, „ jj jj jj JJ jj Monk, James B. ... Thompson, C. M. G. 33 3J 35 28 „ 13 „ „ 10 „ Auckland jj jj JJ Discharged from Hospital, Nov. 19, 1868. Nov. 21,1868. Still in Hospital. jj jj jj Welsley, A. Williams, J jj 33 33 Holyhead, Anglesea... Rhode, Somerset 35 25 „ 7 „ „ 12 „ jj jj jj JJ jj jj „ jj jj jj jj

A.—No. Ib,

33

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

'ASTTALTY >OLL 01 luropeans am ouni ;c. — continuei

Name. Rank. Corps. Where Born. Age on Enrolment. Date and Place of Enrolment. Nature of Casualty. Date and Place. Remarks. Cooksley, J. Constable No. 6 Div. A.C. AA'cllington, Somerset 29 Oct. 14, 1868 Auckland Wounded in Action Nov. 7, 1868 Moturoa Discharged from HoS' pital, Nov. 28, 186S. Einlay, Eerguson ... Lees, AVilliam Tattler, George Maxwell, George ... Brown, Duncan M. MeEwen Sawver Chislett Clarendon ... Crosbie Smith Clancy McKenzie, Thomas Cummings, Thomas Williamson, Frederick ... Roache, H. Murray, David Timms", W Hassard, E. AVhiteley, Rev. John Gaseoigne, Bamber ditto wife and 3 children Milne, John Richards, Edward Mcnzies, George ... Trooper Constable jj Sergeant Sub-Inspector Constable jj ■«• j Poverty Bay M. Vols. No. 6 Div. A.C. jj jj Kai Iwi Cavalry Vols. Arm ed Constablary... No. IDiv. A.C. ... JJ JJ No. 3 "„ No. 1 No. 3 No. 7 ',', '.'.'. Militia No. 3 Dublin '.'.'. '.'.'. Congleton, Chester ... Alloa Scotland ... England Taunton, England ... Bury St. Edmunds ... East Indies 28 26 32 21 34 29 40 30 28 Oct. 17, 1868 ,j 6, „ jj 28, „ „ 25, 1867 Nov. 16, 1868 22 jj b jj Oct. 16, „ Nov. 6, 1868 Nov. 5, 1868 Oct. 28, „ Auckland Wanganui Poverty Bay Napier ... Patea Patea Christchurch Auckland Wanganui Killed 33 JJ 3J 33 JJ 33 JJ 33 33 33 33 33 33 3J JJ 33 Wounded ; , 33 33 33 JJ Killed Dec. 12, „ Nov. 7, „ 33 '3 33 Dec. 28, „ Jan. 1889 J3 JJ JJ JJ JJ j> 26, „ jj 33 Nukumaru. Ngatapa. jj 33 33 33 JJ JJ 3J Kai Iwi. jj Late 68th Regiment. jj Private Constable Sheffield '.'.'. '.'.'. JJ JJ Wounded ,, „ 25, „ Feb. 3, „ jj Karaka Severe. Severe. Severe. Dangerous. 3J 33 jj ••• I Constable ... I 30 J3 JJ jj No. 1 ',', '.'.'. Ireland Nov. 1868 Wellington JJ J3 33 33 Massacre jj Feb. 14, 1869 33 Taurangaiki White Cliffs. Lieutenant ... Taranaki Militia Jan'. 20, 1864 33 ••• •»■ 33 jj 33 Peach Grovo, near Wc raroa (late Col.-Sergl H.M. 57th Regiment JJ JJ jj Sergeant No.' 2 Div.' A.C. '.'.'. 44 Dec. 2, 1868 [ Auckland Killed in ambuscade Feb. 18, 1869 jj Karaka Horspool, George Boyle, Connell Banks, James Barris, Abel Clowen, Matthew Howe, John McEvoy, John Pitcairn Guerin, Jean Bath Smith Stephenson Lance-Corporal Constable jj ... JJ JJ 33 S3 3J 33 28 30 25 26 40 30 „ 8, „ „ 13, „ „ 8, „ Oct. 29, „ Dee. 12, „ „ 2, „ Jan. 23, 1869 Melbourne Greymouth Melbourne AVanganui AVcstmere RossWestland Wanganui JJ 33 33 33 33 3J JJ JJ JJ jj jj JJ JJ JJ JJ 33 jj (Ohiwa.) (Whakatane.) jj ... JJ 33 J3 33 33 jj 33 33 33 JJ Wounded „ Murdered by rebels... 33 jj jj Surveyor Civilian Constable JJ JJ No. l Div! A.C. ... No. 2 No. 8 Prussia 31 Dec. 14, 1868 Greymouth j, 3, „ j, 9, „ =, 13, „ jj Near Opotiki jj jj Killed in action Otauto. England ... Transferred Feb., 1869 Wanganui jj jj JJ jj „ 33 33 JJ jj

A-—No. Ib.

3-1

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

Name. Rank. Corps. AVhere born. Age on Enrolment. Date and Place of Enrolment. Nature of Casualty. Date and Place. Remarks. Shepherd, Richard Guthrie, William ... Kelly, Thomas Black, Solomon ... Watt, Charles Langford, James ... Kennedy, J. Fleurs, Thomas ... Gundry, Frederick Weston, Henry ... Jones, Thomas Lavin, Jown Philip Martin •wife and 3 children (♦maiden name Carliss) Cooper, John Wilkinson, Richard White, David Pearson Sergeant Lance-Corporai Constable No. IDiv. A.C. Antrim, Ireland Scotland Ireland Scotland 28 25 26 27 April 8, 1868 Dec. 16, „ j, 18, „ Nov. 22, 1867 Whakatane Melbourne AVounded in action... Mar. 13, 1869 Otauto Severe. 3J JJ JJ )J ■ • ' jj Napier ... JJ jj jj jj jj 3J jj jj Dangerous. Severe. jj No. 2 ',', •'•■ jj jj jj jj ■■- jj jj 33 ...j jj jj 33 Slight. Dangerous. Since dead. Private Corporal Constable Guides ... ... No. 8 Div. A.C. New Zealand 16 Dee. , 1868 Auckland jj jj ... jj jj 33 jj jj jj jj "' jj jj Drowned April 4, 1869 jj AVanganui. jj ... Ensign jj . jj "* I Wairoa Rifle Volunteers Penryhn, Cornwall ... Dec. 21, 1866 jj Massacre April 10,1869 jj Mohaka ... A J.P. jj .•'• jj jj Private Civilian Lieutenant ... Constable AA rairoa Rifle Volunteers Cornwall ... Not known 38 Mohaka jj ... jj Opotiki Volunteers... No. 8 Div. A.C. England 25 Aug. 30, 1867 Wellington jj ... ... Killed in action Wounded in action... May 7, 1869 „ Ruatahuna. jj Severe, in side; in Hospital. Died May 9. Slight. Davis, Robert Roberts, James ... Hansen Kelly Wasley Lydon Parkinson ... Travers, Henry Boyle jj ... jj Lance-Corporal Constahle Constable No. 1 33 33 No. 2 Scotland 35 24 Dec. 8, 1868 Oct. 16, „ Dunedin jj jj jj jj ... jj jj ... May 8, 1869 33 33 JJ jj jj jj jj Died May 9. Severe. No. 2 Div. AC. '.'.'. jj jj ... JJ jj jj jj 3J jj Died May 9. Late Lieut. H.M. 70tli Regiment. Severe: late H.M. 65tl: Regiment. Severe. Sub-Inspector jj jj Armed Constabulary Oct. 4, 1868 jj jj ... Killed in action JJ 33 jj Hull, James Constable No. 4 Div. A.C. Banbridge, Down 33 Nov. 28, „ Auckland AVounded in action... JJ jj Adams, Thomas ... Ryan, William Ross, Gillian Hector Lawson, Ernest ... Cook, John Slattery, Michael Johnson, Charles ... Poictiers, Charles Bidois, Joseph Gill, Frederick Reed Newman ... Private Lieutenant ... Ensign Trooper Sergeant Trooper Guides Auckland Militia ... Bay of Plenty Cav. Vols. Tauranga Cav. Vols... Ireland Halifax, Nova Scotia Ireland ... 22 19 88 Aug. 29, 1865 May 12, „ Mar. 12, 1869 Tauranga jj jj Killed in attack jj jj jj jj jj jj ... May 7, 1869 June 8, 1869 33 33 Ahikereru jj Opepe jj jj Volunteer Trooper. jj jj jj u jj jj jj jj jj 33 jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj Sergeant jj jj jj jj ... Dec. 14, 1868 June 10, „ Patutahi. AVaikare. jj jj ... jj jj

!asualty Roll of Europeans am oum ic. — continues

A.—No. 18.

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND

35

No. 13 Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. (Confidential.) Government House, Wellington, My Lord, — New Zealand, 30th August, 1869. With reference to your Lordship's " Confidential" Despatch of the 12th June ultimo, I Avould ask permission to explain that I marked as " Confidential " my General Despatch on the affairs of Ncav Zealand of 7th December, 1868, simply in accordance with the spirit of the instructions contained, Avith respect to periodical Reports of this kind, in the late Duke of NeAvcastle's Circular Despatch of sth Eebruary, 1864. 2. In your Lordship's reply, tAvo of my principal suggestions Avere pronounced to be " clearly judicious, " viz., those relating to " a prohibition of out- " lying settlements," and a " modified recognition of the Maori King." It became my obvious duty to communicate confidentially to my Responsible Advisers your Lordship's alcavs in this respect, and also Avith regard to the employment of Imperial officers and non-commissioned officers in this Colony. Mr. Stafford and his colleagues considered that my Despatch of the 7th December ultimo contained an exhaustive summary of the condition, prospects, and requirements of New Zealand, and strongly advised me to give it publicity here by laying it before the local Parliament, urging that my opinion Avould greatly strengthen their hands in carrying out the policy Avhich your Lordship had so emphatically approved. I declined to comply Avith this advice, pointing out that, in the terms of the 184 th article of the Colonial Regulations, the Secretary of State must decide AAdiether a Despatch marked " Confidential" should be published in extenso. In consequence, lioavever, of the repeated urgency of my Ministers, I consented, under the peculiar and pressing circumstances of the case, to quote in my Despatches Nos. 31 and 32 tAvo paragraphs of my Report. 3. Since Mr. Eox and his colleagues came into office, they have also strongly recommended, for reasons similar to those adduced by Mr. Stafford, the publication of my Report of the 7th of December ultimo, and of your Lordship's reply to it. I have repeated that I cannot do this without first obtaining your permission. I presume that as this document has noAV been referred to in your Lordship's public Despatch No. 62, of the 21st May ultimo, it ■will probably be published, together Avith other papers concerning New Zealand affairs lately laid before the Imperial Parliament. I hope that it has been so published; but, if not, I request to bo instructed if I am at liberty to accede to the advice of my Ministers, by permitting it to be presented to the Colonial Parliament. I have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. E. BOWEN.

No. 14. Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Boaven, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. (Confidential.) Government House, Wellington, My Lord, — New Zealand, 2nd September, 1869. I haA Te the honor to report that a number of copies of the enclosed " Protest " against the recent policy of the Colonial Office, published in England by Sir George Grey, Sir Charles Clifford, and other gentlemen connected AAdth this Colony, Avere sent out to New Zealand by the last English mail; and that this document has been reprinted, with comments in a similar strain, in most of the Colonial journals. I annex one of the most moderate of these comments contained in a leading article of one of the principal newspapers of this Colony. I naturally refrain from draAving attention to the violent invectives against your Lordship's Department Avhich have been published in several other quarters. 2. It need scarcely be said that I deplore alike the substance and the tone of the " Protest," and of the Colonial comments upon it. But seeing that it is one

Article from Otago Witness.

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

of the principal duties of a Governor, especially in critical times, to keep Her Majesty's Government acquainted Avith the public opinion of the community over AA'hich he presides, I feel constrained to report, for your Lordship's information, that this " Protest" reflects, not unfaithfully, the general feelings already entertained by a majority of the people of New Zealand ; feelings which Avill probably become nearly universal, if the Imperial authorities should reject what has been called " the last prayer of the New Zealand Parliament," and refuse to alloAV a garrison of one regiment of the line to continue to hold the chief towns in the disturbed districts, iioav that the Legislature has pledged itself by Act to pay for that regiment AvhateA Tcr annual sum the Imperial Government may demand. As I haA'e frequently submitted in previous communications, those Avho knoAV the Maoris best believe that the entire withdrawal of the moral support of the Queen's troops would probably lead to a cruel and lingering Avar of races in the North Island. 3. It is further my duty to submit, for your Lordship's information, that, looking to the opinions expressed by the principal journals of the neighbouring Australian Colonies, and to the communications said to have been received here from several influential Australian politicians, the public and press of Australia seem inclined to sympathize with the public and press of NeAV Zealand. I annex articles Avhich have recently appeared on this subject in the Sydney Morning Herald and in the Melbourne Argus, the leading journals, respectively, of New South Wales and of Victoria. 4. It is Avith pain and soitoav that I am compelled to add, Avith reference to the concluding paragraph of the " Protest," that a portion of the local Press openly adA rocates the annexation of this Colony to the United States, contending that Protection and Allegiance are correlative terms, and that the central Government at Washington Avould readily give the same sort of aid against the Maoris, to this community, that it iioav gives against the Indians to the new Territories on the West of the Mississippi, which may practically be regarded as Colonies from the older States. This question has been mooted even in the Colonial Legislature. I am convinced, hoAvever, that the petulant discontent unhappily prevalent here arises from private distress, the result of the severe commercial depression of the last three years, as much as from public dissatisfaction and injured pride ; and that it aaull rapidly disappear if the advances toAvards a more cordial understanding with the Imperial authorities now made by the Ministry and Legislature of the Colony are met (as I am confident they will be met) in a generous and gracious spirit. It aaIH doubtless be felt on both sides (as it has been recently stated in England) that, whatever may be the future political destiny of this portion of the British Empire, it Avould be a grave misfortune if American rancour against Great Britain AA rere to extend to Australia. Eor myself, I have, of course, spared no effort to restore the former loyal and patriotic feeling of the Colonists toAvards the Mother Country; and it Avill be perceived from the tone of the Ministerial Memoranda, and of other official papers recently sent home, that the exertions of many of the leading public men in this community are employed in tho same direction. I. have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. E. BOWEN.

Sydney Morning Herald, Aug. 10 and 17, 1869 ; Melbourne Argus, Aug. 14, 1869.

Enclosure 1 No. 14. Peotest presented to Earl Geanville by Sir Geoege Geey, Sir Chaeles Clieeobd, and others, New Zealand Colonists in London. The following is the protest adopted by the New Zealand Colonists in London, and alluded to in our leading article: — Wo the undersigned persons who have been officially connected with the Legislature and Government of the Colony of New Zealand, venture to take this public notice of a Despatch from Earl Granville to the Governor of New Zealand, dated the 21st March ultimo, in reference to an application made on behalf of that Colony for assistance in its present dangers. We feel justified in taking this step because we personally had a share in the transactions to which tho Despatch relates, and because the Colony has no authorized political organ in this country.

36

A.—No. Ib.

A.—No. la

That Department of Government (the Colonial Office) to which the Colony would naturally look for protection becomes itself the instrument of wrong. In making this public protest, we disclaim all intention of reflecting on Earl Granville. We have regretted that for some time past each successive Secretary of State, on assuming the seals of tho Colonial Department, has been led by wrong information to attach his name to some Despatch, the allegations of which being erroneous, and the tone irritating, if not insulting, the Colonial Government has been forced into a position of hostility with the Colonial Minister, whilst it has always been the earnest desiro of the Colonists, in the most friendly and loyal spirit, to aid that high officer in the discharge of his onerous and difficult duties. We regard the allegations, expressed and implied in Lord Granville's Despatch, as calculated deeply to injure the European population of New Zealand in tho estimation of their fellow-countrymen in Great Britain, to inflame the passions of Natives already in arms against the Government —to produce disaffection among those who are friendly —to drive those who are neutral or wavering into the hostile ranks—and, at the same time, to create a bitter feeling of hostility on the part of the Colonists towards the Government of the Mother Country, which, it is to be feared, may become a national! tradition. The publication in England at the present time was unjust, because the Colonists, not having had time to reply to it, are thus condemned unheard, and suffer prejudice which it may be difficult if not impossible to remove, from groundless charges of the gravest kind circulated without refutation. Wo declare, from our personal knowledge, that the allegations so conveyed or implied against the Colonial Government are without foundation. Equally groundless is tho imputation implied in the Despatch that the Colonists are not exerting themselves to the utmost in their own defence. We regard the action thus taken by tho Imperial Government, accompanied by an absolute refusal of aid to tho Colony under any circumstances, as in the highest degree ungenerous. It is the first time in British history that Great Britain has insultingly refused assistance to her countrymen in danger ! which she herself has been instrumental in erecting. Wo declare that the repudiation of the plain obligation entered into by treaty on Her Majesty's behalf with tho Natives of New Zealand, upon the faith of which they permitted us to colonize the country, is inconsistent with British honor; that it is our belief that such repudiation will be sub- i versivc in the Native mind of all confidence in tho good faith of the European race. We protest that the statement made in the Despatch to the effect that all responsibility arising out of those obligations was transferred to the Colonists at their own demand, is at variance with the circumstances. We feel surprised that such a statement should be made in disregard of the formal I Memorial of the General Assembly of New Zealand in 1862, expressly declining to accept such responsibility. We regard the Despatch itself as fraught with danger to the Colony. The moment it becomes known in the Colony it will be interpreted by Natives, and circulated amongst their fellow-country-men. This will occur simultaneously with the removal of the last regiment. Our friendly Native Allies will thus bo told that the Queen has withdrawn the protection to what they have been accustomed to look in the last resort in the part they have taken in support of the Queen's Government against their own countrymen ; whilst the whole body of the Natives will be taught to regard the Colonists of New Zealand as their oppressors, who have brought their present danger on themselves by neglect of their obligations and wrongful usurpation of Native land; and they will learn to regard, under the sanction of Imperial authority, the massacre of missionaries, Avomen, and children, as mere acts of reprisal. Lastly, we declare with sorrow our conviction that the policy which is being pursued towards New Zealand will have the effect of alienating tho affections of Her Majesty's loyal subjects in that country, i and is calculated to drive the Colony out of the Empire. G. Grey, Late Governor of New Zealand. CnAs. Clifford, Late Speaker of the House of Representatives. Heney Sewell, Eormerly Colonial Secretary and late AttorneyGeneral of New Zealand. 11. A. Atkinson, Late Minister of Colonial Defence. J. Logan Campbell, Late Member of the Executive Council, and Superintendent of the Province of Auckland.

No. 15. Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. (No. 113.) Government House, Wellington, My Lord, — New Zealand, 4th September, 1869. I have the honor to transmit herewith a copy of the charge delivered on the Ist instant to the Grand Jury at Wellington, by Mr. Justice Johnston, at the opening of the sittings of the Supreme Court, at which the Colonial GoA'ernment 10

37

AND THE GOVERNOR OF NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. Lb

intends to put on their trial a number of the Maori prisoners, of whom there are now nearly one hundred (100) men in confinement here. 2. It AAdll be seen that the learned Judge practically indorses the view taken of the political and legal status of the Maoris by the Attorney-General of New Zealand in the opinion which Avas transmitted with my Despatch No. 83, of the 7th July ultimo, and of Avhich, for facility of reference, I again annex copies. 3. I also take this opportunity of forwarding copies of " The Disturbed Districts " Act, 1869" (32 and 33 Victoria, No. 20). In this measure, Avhen first proposed to the Colonial Parliament, there were provisions for the summary trials by CourtsMartial, composed of officers of the Colonial forces; and for superseding or overriding the ordinary tribunals to an extent which appeared scarcely to be justified by the necessity of the case, seeing that there is no reason to suppose that the Supreme Court and the civil juries are unable or unwilling to administer, with a severity sufficiently deterrent, impartial justice to both races of the inhabitants of this country. Mr. Justice Johnston was requested to give evidence on this subject before a Select Committee of the Legislative Council; and the Bill was amended in. accordance, to a great degree, with the vieAvs of that able Judge. I then assented to it on behalf of the Crown. Annexed are copies of the Memorandum of the evidence given, and of the suggestions offered by Mr. Justice Johnston. 4. The September mail will be closed at Wellington on this day ; but by the next opportunity I aa ill forward reports of the proceedings on the trials of the Maori prisoners, and of the result. My Ministers agree with me that, under the peculiar circumstances of this Colony, no capital sentence should be carried out against persons convicted of haAdng merely carried arms against the Queen. The law must, howeA rer, take its course in the case of persons, Avhether Europeans or Natives, found guilty of murder. I have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. E. BOWEN.

No. 16. TELEGRAM received from Sir G. E. Boaven (through the Governor of Ceylon), dated 7th August, 1869. " Ministers request me to state that Resolutions have been passed almost " unanimously, by both Houses of NeAV Zealand Parliament, praying for detention "of 18th Regiment as a garrison, and moral support. An Act has been passed " and transmitted, binding the Colony to pay whatever contribution the Imperial " Government may demand. If sanctioned, request that a telegram may be " immediately sent to General Chute, at Melbourne. The steamer leaves Ceylon " for New Zealand on 6th October."

No. 17. Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. (Confidential.) Government House, Wellington, My Lord, — New Zealand, 17th September, 1869. Since I wrote my "Confidential" Despatch of the 30th August, ultimo, I have received a copy of the first part of the papers concerning the New Zealand Avar recently presented to the Imperial Parliament. It is satisfactory to perceive that my general " Confidential" report of 7th December, 1868, has been published in extenso; for, as your Lordship is already aAvare, the leading public men of all parties in this Colony believe that report to contain an exhaustive summary of the political condition, prospects, and requirements of New Zealand; and think that its publication in this country (where it will now be reprinted from the Parliamentary Blue Book in the chief local journals,) Avill be productive of much public adA'antage. 2. As your Lordship's Despatches Nos. 12, 27, 28, and 43 of 1869, and " Confidential" of the 12th June ultimo, have been published in Part I. of the

38

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

39

A—No. Ib.

Blue Book, and are supposed here to contain certain reflections, expressed or implied, on my conduct and on that of the Colonial Ministers, it is hoped that my replies, respectfully submitting explanations on the points to which my attention had thus been directed, will also be published with the next set of papers presented to the Imperial Parliament: I refer especially to my Despatches Nos. 63, 74, 76, and 81 of 1869, and " Confidential" of the 30th August ultimo. I have, &c. The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. E. BOWEN.

No. 18. Extract from a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Boaven, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G., dated Government House, Wellington, NeAV Zealand, 18th September, 1869. (Confidential.) I have the honor to acknoAvledge the receipt of your Lordship's " Confidential" Despatch of the 14th July ultimo, informing me that Her Majesty's Government propose to send out a silver-mounted sword in order that it may be presented to the gallant chief Te Kepa (Major Kemp), in the name of the Queen, in token of Her Majesty's recognition of his services. At the same time your Lordship directs me to submit the names of some other Maori chiefs who may be specially deserving of similar marks of Her Majesty's favour, on account of the important services which they have rendered, and are rendering, to the British Government against the insurgent Natives. It will be easily understood that the task of selection among a number of proud and jealous clans and Avarriors is difficult and delicate. After careful consultation with those best qualified to advise on this matter, I concur with the views expressed in the accompanying Memorandum furnished to me by Mr. McLean, the Minister for Native Affairs and Defence, Avho has been so long and so intimately acquainted with the Maoris. Te Kepa (Major Kemp) will represent the loyal Wanganui clan on the West Coast; and I beg to submit, in addition, the names of the folloAving frve chiefs of the Arawas, Ngatiporous, Ngatikahungunus, and other loyal clans on the East Coast, viz : — (1.) Ropata (Robert) Wahawaha. (2.) Pokcha (Eox) Taranui. (3.) Henare (Henry) Tomoana. (4.) Ihaka (Isaac) Whaanga. (5.) Mokcna (Morgan) Kohere. The two first mentioned are, like Te Kepa, Majors in the Native Contingents, and all five haAre distinguished themselves in action against the insurgents. * * * * *■ *

No. 19. Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Boaven, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. (No. 134.) GoA'ernment House, Auckland, My Lord,— ' New Zealand, 14th October, 1869. In continuation of my previous reports of my official visits to various parts of this Colony, I haA re the honor to state that I left Wellington on the 20th September ult., and arrived at Auckland on the 4th inst., after a very interesting' and (as I am assured) not unprofitable journey and A'oyage along the West Coast of the North Island of Ncav Zealand, during which I visited Wanganui, Wereroa, Patea, Taranaki, Whaingaroa, and other places important in connection with the recent or existing disturbances. 2. Accompanied by Mr. Eox, the Prime Minister of the Colony, and by one officer of my Staff (Captain Pitt, R.A.), I proceeded, in the first instance, from Wellington to Wanganui. I found that town in a far more satisfactory condition than at the period of my former visit to it in last November, when Titokowaru

A.—No. 1b

had advanced to within ten miles from its suburbs, and an attack was expected almost every night, followed, perhaps, by massacres of women and children like that which had then recently been perpetrated by Te Kooti at Poverty Bay. News, however, reached me that Te Kooti was near the lake of Taupo, where he had been joined by the influential chief Tc Heu Heu ; and that he was threatening a fresh raid from his present central position, whence he could come down the River Wanganui in war canoes, as the rebels came before the battle of Moutoa in 1864. The gallant chief Te Kepa (Major Kemp) at once consented again to take the field, and to march, against Te Kooti. with a strong division of his clan. It will be seen from my Despatch No. 140, by this mail, that he afterwards joined Colonel McDonnell, who had set out from Napier at the head of a combined force of Europeans and loyal Natives from the East Coast; and that Te Kooti has already been defeated with heavy loss in two severe actions. 3. Annexed is a copy of the Address presented to me by Te Kepa and the other chiefs of the Wanganuis. It will repay an attentive perusal, as showing their views with regard to the present posture of affairs. It will be seen that I again visited them at Putiki, their settlement on the opposite side of the river from the town of Wanganui, and harangued them in praise of their loyalty to the Crown, of which they have given so many proofs. I also inspected, accompanied by Mr. Eox, the houses at Putiki where the wives and children (about one hundred and fifty in number) of the rebels in confinement at Wellington are fed and clothed at the expense of the Colonial Government. They seemed to be in good health, and made no complaints of any kind. 4. Erom Wanganui we rode overland to Patea, escorted by a dozen troopers of the local Volunteer Cavalry. In disturbed districts, it is considered the safest course to form only a small party of horsemen, and to ride fast, so that the Maoris may have no time to lay their deadly ambuscades. However, on our entire journey we saw only three Natives, upon whom we came suddenly at the corner of a wood. One of them was identified as a member of Titokowaru's bands and an escaped prisoner; so he was sent back to confinement. 5. The country between the Rivers Wanganui and Patea, forming part of the Province of Wellington, and also the entire Province of Taranaki, has been described as the " cockpit" of New Zealand, like Belgium of Europe. Eor more than nine years past there has been almost constant fighting in some part of these districts, between, on the one hand, the Imperial and Colonial forces, successively under General Pratt, General Cameron, General Chute, and Colonel Whitmore, and, on the other hand, portions of the Maori clans of the Ngatimanuis, Ngaranuis, Taranakis, and Ngatiawas, under Wiremu Kingi te Rangitaki (the well-known " William King," of Waitara), Hone Pihama, and other leaders, and latterly under Titokowaru. There is hardly a league throughout the whole extent of this country without its tale of some desperate skirmish, bloody ambuscade, or fierce assault and defence of a native pa or of an English redoubt. We visited all the more remarkable scenes in the recent annals of the Colony. In particular, I may mention that we rode over the flat open land at Nukumaru, where, on the afternoon of the 25th January, 1865, General Cameron's camp was attacked by six hundred Maoris under Hone Pihama, who is stated to have forced his way, before he was repulsed, to within one hundred and fifty yards of the General's tent. On the rising ground two miles further, we visited the pa at Tauranga-ika, fortified by Titokowaru with vast labour and great engineering skill, but which he evacuated in last Eebruary, fearing to have his supplies cut off, when he had been nearly invested by Colonel Whitmore. The first night after leaving Wanganui we bivouacked at the famous Wereroa Pa, which occupies a very important strategetical position, and concerning which there was so much correspondence (since published in the Parliamentary Papers) between Sir George Grey and General Cameron. This post, as also posts at Wairoa, at Patea, and at Manawapou, are now held by strong detachments of the Colonial Militia and Volunteers. 6. On my arrival at the township of Carlyle, at the mouth of the River Patea (where a small body of settlers have maintained themselves with much courage and perseverance throughout the war), I was presented with an Address, of which, and of my reply to it, I annex a copy.

40

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—Fo. Ib.

7. Here I found the portion of the loyal Ngatiporou clan from the East Coast which is to be placed (in pursuance of a policy which Avas successfully carried out at the Cape by General Cathcart) at Waihi, about tAventy-five miles north-west of Patea, as an advanced guard for the English settlements against Titokowaru's bands, Avhich still infest the country beyond. There was some misunderstanding of the intentions of the Colonial Government and consequent discontent among the Ngatiporous, but, at the request of Mr. Eox, I addressed them in an explanatory and encouraging speech, which had the effect of restoring their good humour. The next morning they marched out to occupy the fertile lands assigned to them, a rich exchange for their rugged mountains on the East Coast. The march presented a most picturesque and suggestive picture. The kilted warriors, their mantles Avaving in the breeze and their arms flashing in the sun, strode proudly and rapidly for Avar d, in long " Indian file," over the beautiful prairie, at this season—the spring-time of the Southern hemisphere—bright and fragrant AAdth flo Avers and floAvering shrubs. Erom time to time a part of the line Avould be lost to sight as it passed through a ravine or a grove of trees, soon to reappear beyond. The mounted chiefs gallopped to and fro, marshalling their clansman by voice and gesture, and guiding the progress of the waggons carrying the sick and. wounded. The women stepped gaily along by the side of their husbands and brothers, many with their children clinging round their necks. As I rode up to each group I Avas saluted by all alike Avith ringing shouts and chants of welcome. This fertile open country, stretching east and Avest, is bounded on the south by the Pacific, as blue and sparkling as the Mediterranean; on the north by the dark forests which reach inland from Wanganui to Taranaki, and above which SAvells the graceful, cone-like peak of Mount Egmont, the holy mountain of the Maoris, and celebrated in their traditional songs and legends. This part of the coast land of Ncav Zealand vividly reminded me, in many respects, of the coast land of Sicily between Syracuse and Messina. Mount Egmont, a noAV extinct volcano, is a more shapely and graceful Mount iEtna. I trust that your Lordship will pardon a brief digression of this nature, as I am led to believe that you desire to realize in your mind a complete and correct picture of the scenes and events now passing in this country. 8. Most thoughtful men in New Zealand seem to be noAV agreed that it would have been more prudent not to attempt for some years to come to place European settlers in the frontier district of Patea, Avhich is peculiarly exposed to the attacks of the hostile Natives. But this policy was carried out several years ago; and it now appears to be also generally agreed that to retreat at the present crisis would be regarded by the Maoris as a sign of Aveakness, Avhich Avould probably have no other effect but to transfer the fighting from the outposts to the heart of the Colony —from Patea and Waihi to Wanganui, and possibly even to Wellington. The homesteads of the settlers, over an extent of nearly a hundred miles, have been burnt by TitokoAvaru, their cattle devoured or driven off, and their crops and fruit trees destroyed; but they are now gradually returning to their lands, the Colonial Parliament during its last session having voted a sum of money to them, by way of loan, to enable them to make, as it were, a fresh start. The plan adopted resembles that recommended by General Cathcart for the defence of the frontier districts of the Cape Colony. The rebuilding of the scattered homesteads is discouraged, while at convenient distances and in commanding positions (such as Wereroa, Wairoa, Patea, and Waihi,) redoubts and blockhouses have been erected for the protection of villages in which the settlers and their families will reside, going forth from these central places of refuge to tend their cattle and cultivate their farms. The advanced posts of the Ngatiporous inspire general confidence. 9. Erom Patea I proceeded to New Plymouth, the capital of the Province of Taranaki, where I was heartily Avelcomed alike by the Europeans and the Natives, as will be partly seen from the accounts of my reception published in the local newspapers. The Address presented by the settlers, and the speeches of the Maori chiefs, deserve attentive perusal, as showing the views of both races on the present condition and prospects of the West Coast. It will be perceived that four hundred (400) Maoris, at least half of whom were returned rebels, recently in arms against the Crown, assembled to meet the Governor and the Minister for Native Affairs 11

41

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. Ib.

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

42

(Mr. McLean), who had preceded me by sea to Taranaki. To our great satisfaction, the redoubtable Ngatiruanui chief Hone Pihama, who fought so long and so bravely against Generals Cameron and Chute, attended the korero, and made a loyal speech. He has ahvays waged an honorable Avarfare, and has never sanctioned (like TitokoAvaru and Te Kooti) murders in cold blood, or the slaughter of women and children, so he comes under the spirit of the peace Proclamations. Hone Pihama has actually taken the contract for the conveyance of the mails across the country of TitokoAvaru, who dares not meddle Avith him. The truth is that many of the Maori chiefs on the West Coast, who a short time back thought and spoke of nothing but " driving the Pakehas into the sea," appear now to have come to the conclusion that it Avill be more pleasant and profitable to follow the example of their countrymen at HaAvke's Bay and elseAvhere on the East Coast, by leasing their lands to the Pakehas, and living in European comfort and luxury on the rents. Hone Pihama's conversations with me and Avith Mr. McLean Avere full of the blessings of Christianity, and of law and order, of loyalty to the Queen, friendship for the settlers, and offers of land on sale or lease for the making of roads, the erection of flax mills, saAV mills, and iron foundries, the discovery of gold fields, and the general development of the natural resources of the country. 10. The growing value of the New Zealand flax (JPhormium tenax), as an article of commerce, is very fortunate at the present time, for its cultivation and manufacture require the active co-operation of both races; of the Maoris to supply the ra\v material, and of the Europeans to prepare it for use and shipment. Much attention is also being paid to the remarkable " iron sand," or titaniferous iron ore, which is found in great abundance on the sea-beach of Taranaki, and from Avhich the best qualities of steel can be manufactured. I visited Avith much interest the first foundry erected at Ncav Plymouth, and hope to take an early opportunity of reporting at length on this and other cognate subjects. 11. The Province of Taranaki has often been called the " Garden of New Zealand :" and the beauty of its scenery combines with the fertility of its soil to entitle it to this distinction. It Avill not be forgotten that its defence has been very costly to both the Imperial and the Colonial Governments. However, the exertions made by the settlers for their own protection render them deserving of support. They number in all barely four thousand (4,000) men, women, and children; of Avhom eight hundred (800), including nearly every able-bodied male, are armed and drilled, and have been for the most part under fire during the war of the last nine years. Detachments of the Militia and Volunteers hold the frontier posts, Avhile the entire force is ready to take the field in case of need at very short notice. There is also in the Province a division, one hundred and fifty (150) strong, of the Armed Constabulary ; while the stockade in the town of New Plymouth is garrisoned by two companies, about one hundred and twenty (120) officers and men, of the 18th Royal Irish Regiment. Here, as elseAvhere in the disturbed districts, the opinion seems universal that the moral support of detachments of Imperial troops in the principal toAvns is indispensable to secure any certain prospect of peace and tranquillity. 12. During the week Avhich I spent in the Province of Taranaki, I visited on horseback the scenes of the principal fights between Generals Pratt and Cameron and the Natives under Te Rangitaki (William King), who is iioav living in the forests near the base of Mount Egmont, about twenty-five (25) miles .from Ncav Plymouth. He sent a message to the effect that he also, like so many other chiefs recently in arms against the CroAvn, would have attended the meeting held to Avelcome me, if he had not been "Avhakama," that is, "ashamed of himself." This modesty probably means that he is still watching the course of events before he finally decides on peace. He has never committed homicide except in fair fight, so it has been intimated by the Government that no notice will be taken of his past conduct, and that some valuable land has been reserved for him on the banks of the River Waitara (where he began the war in 1880), upon Avhich he can come and live quietly whenever he pleases. The voluminous Parliamentary Papers and other official documents published on the subject contain full information about the controversy respecting the Waitara block of land, and the

A.—No. 1b

consequences to which it led. A township is now fast growing up at the mouth of the River Waitara. 13. I inspected the outposts held by the Local Militia for the protection of the settlements round Taranaki, especially that on the hill of Pukerangiora (eleven miles from New Plymouth), AA'here stood the pa of Te Arei, besieged by General Pratt. This important frontier post is now garrisoned by a party of Military Settlers, among whom I found a Greek gentleman of good birth and education from Patras in the Peloponnesus, named Paclopoulos, who, with a few others of his countrymen, fought bravely in the Colonial forces. He told me that a love of Avarlike adventure had brought them to NeAV Zealand; and observed that as the Byzantine Emperors once employed Englishmen in their Varangian Guard to protect the frontier of the Greek Empire, so it seemed the English Government noAV employed Greeks to protect the frontier of the British Empire. He is an industrious farmer, and has already planted a small vineyard near the redoubt. It Avas certainly interesting to find a Greek in such a place, especially as Pukerangiora is the Suli of Maori history. About 1830, ten years before the commencement of English colonization, the NgatiaAva clan had entrenched themselves on this hill when attacked by the Waikatos under Potatou Te Whero Whero, aftenvards elected (in 1857) to be the first King of the Maoris. At the final assault, many hundreds of the Ngatiawas, rather than fall into the hands of their hereditary foemen, threw themselves headlong, with their wives and children, from the top of the lofty cliff overhanging the River Waitara. It will be remembered that a similar incident took place on the capture of Suli by Ali Pacha. The gorge of the Waitara beloAV Pukerangiora reminded me in its general features of the gorge of the Acheron below the Rock of Suli. 14. Erom Taranaki I proceeded by sea to the harbour of Whaingaroa, where I visited the small township of Raglan, Avhich, when peace shall have been finally established, Avill probably become a place of importance, and one of the chief ports on the West Coast. I enclose a copy of the Address presented to me by the settlers, and of my reply to it. They do not exceed at present two hundred (200) in number, and dAvell principally round a redoubt, into Avhich they would retire in the event of an attack. The few Maoris in the immediate neighbourhood of the settlement are friendly, but Raglan is distant in a straight line only twenty miles from the aukati or " pale" of the Maori King. 15. Erom Whaingaroa I proceeded to Auckland by the Manukau Harbour. In conclusion, I would remark that my observations on the West Coast, as in all other parts of New Zealand, confirm the views on the general condition, prospects, and requirements of this Colony Avhich have been submitted at length in my previous Despatches, and especially in my Reports of 7th December, 1868, and 7th January, 1869. I have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. E. BOWEN.

No. 20. Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. (jsjo. 135.) Government House, Auckland, My Lord, — New Zealand, 22nd October, 1869. I have the honor to report that since the arrival here of the last English mail (that Avhich left London in August), my attention has been repeatedly solicited to certain errors respecting matters of fact in the reports published in the English newspapers of the able speech on the affairs of New Zealand, delivered in the House of Commons on the 22nd July ultimo by the present Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for the Colonies, the Right Honorable William Monsell. I have been strongly urged, in particular, to correct the errors contained in the following paragraph of the report, as given in the Mail (the bi-weekly reprint of the London Times), of the 23rd July ultimo :— " Allusion has been made to the Natives Avho had escaped from the Chatham " Island. Now he believed —though his information was not official—that these

43

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. 1b

" prisoners were sent to the Chatham Islands for two years. They behaved ad- " mirably while there, but finding that they were not released when the time " expired, they made their escape ; and it must always be remembered that, Avith " the exception of one person who lost his life in the scuffle, they inflicted no "injury upon anybody. When they landed, hoAvever, the Governor, though he " made no military preparations, insisted on endeavouring to recapture the "prisoners; and, as the House knew, the result of that attempt was lamentable. " At the other side of the Island, in the course of the campaign under General " Chute, some horses had been taken away from the Maoris. They were retaken "by the Natives, tAvo of whom Avere seized as hostages for their return. The " result was an encounter, in which tAvo or three people lost their lives ; and he " believed that the rising upon the East Coast was mainly owing to that circum- " stance." 2. The Times expressly states that Mr. Monsell Avas "indistinctly heard" on this occasion; and I feel assured (as I have stated to all the persons here who have drawn my attention to his speech) that the Right Honorable gentleman was very incorrectly reported. lam fully aware, moreover (with reference to the personal reflections cast on me in the report), that it must be often the fate of Constitutional rulers everywhere, and especially of the Representatives of the Queen in Colonies possessing Parliamentary Government, to see many things done which they would have preferred, in the interest of the public service, to see done otherwise, and to be blamed for the actions of their Responsible AdAdsers, or of other men, over which actions they had no practical control, and of Avhich, indeed, they frequently had no knowledge. Still, as attacks on the Governor and on the Ministers of NeAV Zealand may very probably be founded hereafter on the published report of a speech delivered by so high a functionary as the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies, I have consented, from a desire to do justice to others rather than to myself, to place the following observations on official record, by respectfully submitting them to your Lordship : —■ (A.) The report makes Mr. Monsell say that his " information Avas not official." It aaIH be seen that it is inconsistent, in many points, Avith the information contained in the official documents forwarded Avith my Despatches on the subjects in question, especially with my Despatches Nos. 69, 82, and 83 of 1869, Avritten in reply to your Lordship's Despatch No. 30, of the 26th Eebruary ultimo. (B.) With regard to the statement in the report that " the Governor, though " he had made no military preparations, insisted on endeavouring to recapture the prisoners" I need scarely remind your Lordship that, during the last seven years, the Governor of Ncav Zealand could neither take personal action nor incur personal responsibility in such matters, seeing that the management of Native affairs, and consequently of the Colonial forces, Avas transferred, so far back as in 1862, and Avith the express sanction and approval of the Imperial GoA rernment, from the Governor to the Colonial Ministers for the time being. It will be remembered, moreover, that when the Hauhaus made their escape from the Chatham Islands, I had been for a very short period in this Colony, so that, even if I had possessed the Constitutional power or the necessary funds, I had not had the time to "make military preparations;" further, that the supporters of the so-called " self-reliance policy" never made any provision for the maintenance of any sufficient or effective local force to take the place of the Queen's troops ; indeed that, in the Avords of the Speaker of the House of Representatives (Sir David Monro), " Nothing, in fact, has been done by the Parliament in the direction of " self-reliance, beyond the very inexpensive proceeding of passing the resolutions "in its favour." Consequently the only permanent or moveable force which I found maintained by this Colony on my assumption of office, consisted of about five hundred (500) ill-organized " armed constables." Again, it need hardly be repeated that neither my predecessor Sir George Grey (so far as can be ascertained from official records), nor I was ever consulted about the treatment or disposal of the Hauhaus sent to the Chatham Islands three years ago, though I considered it to be my duty, very soon after my arrival here, to institute inquiries and to report officially on the subject to the Secretary of State. Einally, it seems an act

44

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—No. Is.

of justice to repeat that the Colonial Ministers then in office appear to be no more responsible than the Governor himself for the attempt made by the unfortunate Major Biggs, and other local Magistrates and Officers, to recapture the Hauhaus, immediately on their landing at Poverty Bay, and long before the news of their escape had reached the distant seat of Government at Wellington. Eull information on all the above points Avill be found in the official documents enclosed in several of my former Despatches, of which I venture to solicit a reperusal. (C.) If there were any doubt of the inaccuracy of the report of Mr. Monsell's speech iioav under consideration, that doubt would be removed by the fact that the Right Honorable gentleman is represented as having stated, in effect, that a dispute about some horses at Patea on the West Coast of the North Island of New Zealand was the main cause of the rising headed by the Hauhaus Avho landed from the Chatham Islands at Poverty Bay on the East Coast. It has been observed here that it might as reasonably be argued, mutatis mutandis, that a dispute about some horses in the Counties of Louth or Dublin on one side of Ireland could be the main cause of a rising, headed by Eenians landed from America, in the Counties of Mayo or Gahvay, on the other side of that island. 3. I beg permission once more to submit, in conclusion, that it is with great reluctance, and from a desire to do justice to others rather than to myself, that I have ventured to solicit attention to the subject of this Despatch. I have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville K.G. G. E. BOWEN.

No. 21. Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. (No. 137.) Government House, Auckland, My Lord,— New Zealand, 25th October, 1869. In continuation of my Despatch No. 134, of the 14th instant, and of my previous reports of my journeys in NeAV Zealand, I have the honor to transmit the enclosed brief but accurate summary of my official visit to the district of Kaipara between the 15th and 22nd instant. 2. As a glance at any good map of this Colony will show, Kaipara is a large inlet of the sea on the West Coast of the North Island, into which run several rivers, —the Wairoa, the Kaipara, the Otamatea, the Arapawa, and the Oruawharu, —• all navigable for many miles by vessels of considerable tonnage. On the banks of these streams there are forests of the kauri pine (Dammara Australis) and other valuable timber trees; Avhile there is also an amount of fertile soil which Avould support a large agricultural population. As yet, however, the Europeans who have settled in the Kaipara District do not exceed one thousand (1,000), (including Avomen and children), while the Maoris, once numerous along these beautiful rivers, have now dwindled doAvn to little more than seven hundred (700). With the exception of some Ngapuhis on the Wairoa, they are the remnant of the clan of the Ngatiwhatuas, to whom the country around the present site of Auckland formerly belonged, and Avho have always been firmly attached to the English. The Ngatiwhatuas occupied the country lying between the tAvo most poAverful and Avarlike clans in New Zealand, —the Ngapuhis and the Waikatos, —Avho Avere constantly at Avar with each other, and generally chose the intervening territory for their battle-ground. To quote from Mr. Eox : —" As these invasions were annual, the position of the Ngatiwhatuas " became something Avorse than that of Belgium used to be among the belligerents "of Europe. In short, as they told me on one occasion, 'if you English had not " ' come they would have eaten us up between them.' When we did come, the " Ngatiwhatuas pressed on our acceptance the district A\diere Auckland stands, " and by getting us to occupy the intervening tract, they obtained the best possible " security against the renewal of the raids through their own country, which had " kept it in a continual state of desolation and alarm." And here it may be 12

45

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. Ib.

46

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

observed, in passing, that it seems to be generally forgotten in England that the colonization of New Zealand, while it has led to temporary wars between the settlers and the Natives in some parts of the North Island, has, at the same time, stopped the savage and internecine strife which formerly raged throughout the country among the Maoris themselves. During the last quarter of a century the influence and mediation of the Colonial Government have repeatedly prevented bloody struggles between the rival clans, and have thus signally promoted the cause of humanity. 3. In the enclosed paper will be found copies of the Addresses presented to me by the European settlers, and of my replies; also summaries of the speeches of the principal Maori chiefs, all of whom I visited at their own haingas or villages. The principal chiefs of the Kaipara receive among them about five thousand pounds (£5,000) annually for the sale and rent of their lands, and from licenses to cut timber and procure kauri gum —a valuable article of export from the North of this Island. They are thus enabled to live in comfort, and to hire European mechanics and labourers to build them good houses and boats, and to cultivate their farms and gardens. 4. We spent Sunday, the 17th instant, at the hainga of the influential chief Arama Karaka, who has been educated by the Missionaries, and we attendep divine service at his house. Surrounded by his children and clansmen, with their wives and families, he read prayers in Maori, and afterwards preached, extempore, an excellent sermon from the text, " Eear God and honor the King," enforcing the duties of obedience to the laAv and the civil magistrate. Nothing could be more impressive than the devout manner in which the responses Avere made and the hymns sung by the entire congregation in their OAvn sonorous language. 5. It so happens that I am the first Governor that has ever visited Kaipara, and this fact alone was sufficient to secure me an enthusiastic welcome from the Natives of the soil. The following is a full and literal translation of the speech of «3ne of the chiefs, and conveys the sentiments expressed in similar terms by the xest: —" Welcome, O Governor ! Salutation, O Eather, from all our tribe. Wel*f come to your children at Kaipara. You are the first Governor that has ever ** visited Kaipara. We welcome you even as that bird so beloved by the Maoris, " the koluku (i.e., the white crane of the Southern seas, rarely seen in NeAV Zea- " land), which visits us but once in a lifetime. This, our country of Kaipara, has " always been held as tapu (i.e., forbidden ground) by former Governors, but now " you have made it accessible to all. The former Governors have treated it as an " abode of slaves, but you have treated it as an abode of chieftains (rangatira " hainga). And yet we have held fast the keys of our rivers, and refused to open " them to Heki, the fierce enemy of the Pakeha, when he desired to advance " through our tribe and destroy Auckland. And now, O Ngatiwhatuas ! "my second sight (tahiri) was true. I saAV, in my visions, the Governor arrive " among us; and lo !he is here. Hearken, O spirits of our forefathers, of Tinana, " and of all the mighty dead (calling on the names of departed chiefs), hearken. " The Governor at last is here. O Governor! we Maoris are passing away, even " like the Availing moon; there is little now to welcome you but the everlasting " hills and the overflowing rivers. (A waiata, or traditional song of welcome, was " then chanted.) We hail you, O Governor, whose face our forefathers yearned "to see in the days that are gone. The hearts of us, the remnant of our people, " the scattered sheep of the Maori fold, have long been dark, but they are now " light. We rejoice that you have brought hither the mama (i.e., sovereign grace " and power) of Queen Victoria, to support and protect us. Evil men from among " the Hauhaus have tried to tempt and mislead us, but now we shall hold fast " unto death the S0A Tereignty of the Queen. There are tAvo things to which we " shall cleave —the law of God and the law of the Queen. If any man among us " shall be guilty of any crime he shall be given up to the law, even though he " should be the son of a chief. The rest of our Island has been filled with raids, " and burnings, and blood; with the screams of evil birds of prey; with the howling " winds of war and murder; but here, in Kaipara, there is the voice of peace, calm, " and sunshine." (Another waiata was then sung.)

A.—No. Ib,

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

47

6. My visit to the North is stated to have been opportune, for Hauhau emissaries have lately endeavoured to persuade or terrify into joining the rebellion the hitherto loyal or neutral clans, Avhich had begun to feel themselves neglected. During the present summer, as I have already informed your Lordship, I intend to make extended journeys, in company Avith Mr. McLean and other Officers of the Government, through the Native Districts. I have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. E. BOWEN. P.S.—27th October. —I annex a paragraph Avhich has this morning appeared in the leading article of the Haiti/ Southern Cross, of Auckland, respecting my tour in the Kaipara district. _________ G. E. B.

No. 22. Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. (No. 138.) Government House, Auckland, My Lord,— New Zealand, 26th October, 1869. I have the honor to submit most respectfully that I learned with much concern from your Lordship's Despatch No. 82, of the 10th July ultimo, that " Commodore Lambert has incurred the censure of the Lords Commissioners of " the Admiralty for having ordered Captain Piers, commanding the ' Himalaya,' "to return empty from Australia to New Zealand, without having first consulted " with you, or the principal Military Officer in the Colony, as to the practicability "of removing the 2-18 th Regiment." Moreover, a number of copies of the Parliamentary Papers on NeAV Zealand, presented to the Imperial Parliament in last July, have reached the Colony, and the letter of the 17th June ultimo (published therein at page 503), from the Admiralty to Commodore Lambert, has been largely reprinted here, and strongly commented upon in the Press and otherwise. It has been generally observed, —■ (1.) That the only action taken by Commodore Lambert Avas, in his capacity of Senior Naval Officer on this station, to direct Captain Piers, of the " Himalaya," to obey and carry out the express orders of the Admiralty. It will be recollected that Captain Piers had received a telegram from the Admiralty, ordering him not to come to NeAV Zealand; and that, in tho words of Commodore Lambert, "as the instructions contained in the telegram received at Galle by Captain " Piers cancelled all former orders to him, he therefore ought not to have come "here (to New Zealand). I yesterday sent H.M.S. 'Himalaya' direct to " Brisbane, with orders to proceed from thence, in pursuance of the instructions " received in the telegram above referred to." (2.) That the position of Imperial functionaries, whether Civil, Naval, or Military, placed (as in New Zealand) at the distance of half the circumference of the globe from England, will be rendered still more difficult than ever if they are censured instead of supported when they enforce on their subordinate officers obedience to the orders of the Imperial departments under which they serve. (3.) That as Commodore Lambert simply enforced naval discipline, he was not called upon to consult either the Governor, the General, or the principal " Military Officer " in NeAV Zealand as to the movements of the " Himalaya." (4.) That it was physically impossible, without serious delay and expense, wholly inconsistent with the general instructions of the Admiralty, for Commodore Lambert, while at Wellington, to consult the General at Melbourne, distant, in point of time, about a month, or the Commandant at Auckland, distant, in point of time, about a fortnight. (5.) That it appears, from the Admiralty letter of 17th June ultimo, that General Chute was furnished with instructions " giving him discretionary power "as to the detention of the 18th Eoot in New Zealand ;" but that this fact could not be knoAvn to Commodore Lambert, for no notice of it whatsoever had been sent from England either to him or to the Governor of New Zealand.

A.—No. 1b

(6.) That it would have been superfluous for Commodore Lambert to consult afresh either the Governor or the General, respecting the expediency of the removal of the last British soldier at the grave crisis in the Maori rebellion which existed in last Eebruary, for he knew that both the Governor and the General had reported on several occasions to the Imperial authorities that such AvithdraAval would probably cause a more extensive rising; that it would, in short, naturally produce results similar to those which Avould have folloAved the removal of the last British soldier from Ireland in 1798, or from India in 1857. Moreover, Commodore Lambert knew that a fresh massacre had been perpetrated, a few days before the arrival of the " Himalaya," at the White Cliffs, near Taranaki, of which fact Sir Tre\ ror Chute was necessarily ignorant Avhen he proposed to remoA re the detachment of Regular troops from that town. It will be remembered that General Chute did not, as is erroneously stated in the Admiralty letter of the 17th June ultimo, desire to remove the entire battalion from New Zealand, but only one wing, including the detachment at Taranaki. (7.) That (as Commodore Lambert knew) there is noAV little, if any, difference of opinion as to the necessity of the moral support of a small Imperial garrison in New Zealand among all those best qualified to form an opinion on this subject; such as the Governors of New Zealand, past and present; the Military officers personally or officially acquainted with this country —beginning with His Royal Highness the Eield Marshal Commanding in Chief; the officers of Her Majesty's Navy who have served on this station; both Houses of the Colonial Parliament; the friendly Native chiefs and clans; and the leading Colonists of all political parties, especially those who, like Mr. McLean, Mr. Eenton, and others, are thoroughly conversant with the language and customs of the Maoris. 2. I venture to hope that Commodore Lambert's conduct with regard to the " Himalaya" will be approved by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, Avhen further information respecting the facts of the case shall have been laid before their Lordships. I trust also that Her Majesty's Government will confirm the action of General Chute in detaining, pending further instructions from home, the 2-18 th Regiment, at the earnest request of the Ministry and Parliament of New Zealand, and after the Colonial Legislature had pledged itself by Act to pay whatever military contribution the Imperial authorities may require. I beg leave to enclose a copy of a letter Avhich I recently felt it to be my duty to address to Sir Trevor Chute on this question. 3. General Chute and Commodore Lambert were not aAvare of my intention to write this Despatch; but I feel that, under the peculiar circumstances of this case, it Avould be unjust and ungenerous in any man holding my present office to avoid submitting his opinion and testimony for the information of Her Majesty's Government. Perhaps your Lordship will direct copies or extracts of this Despatch to be forwarded to the War Office and Admiralty. I have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. E. BOWEN.

Enclosure in No. 22. Governor Sir G. E. Bowen to Major-General Sir Teevoe Chute, K.C.B. Sic, — Government House, Auckland, New Zealand, Bth October, 1869. I have the honor to inform you that I arrived in Auckland on the 4th instant, after a journey and voyage of a fortnight from Wellington, during which period I spent some days at "Wanganui and Taranaki, and rodo overland from Wanganui to Patea, I think it right to acquaint you with the testimony borne to tho excellent conduct of the 2-18 th Regiment in all the towns in which they are quartered. Moreover, all classes of the people of this Island, and especially those who are best acquainted with the Maoris, or live in the disturbed districts, concur in the belief that your action in detaining this regiment, pending further instructions from England, has been productive of great advantages to both Imperial and Colonial interests. It is generally stated that the removal of the moral support of the Imperial garrison, under the present circumstances of this community, and after the Colonial Parliament had pledged itself to pay whatever military contribution may be demanded by the Imperial authorities, would have alienated from the Crown and the Mother Country the affections of the Colonists ; while it would have probably led to a general rising of the hostile, and to the abondonment of our cause by the friendly, Maoris ; in other words, to a cruel and lingering war of races —a disgrace alike to common humanity and to British colonization. On the other hand, it is confidently hoped that, if the moral support of a garrison of

48

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—No. Ib,

Regular troops in the towns where the 2-18 th is now quartered, can be permanently retained, the Colonial forces and loyal tribes will before long be able to suppress the bands of rebels in the interior. There has been some sharp and successful fighting recently with Te Kooti, near the central lake of Taupo. In your position, I should certainly have taken the same course as you took; but, as you are already aware, from my letters to you of the 19th and 23rd July ultimo, and from other communications, no control or discretion whatsoever had been left to me in the matter of the removal of the 18th Regiment. Indeed, the final instructions for the removal were not sent to me, but to yourself, acting in concert with the Senior Naval Officer. I shall forward a copy of this letter, by the next mail, to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, with a request that it may be communicated to the War Office. I have, &c, Major-General Sir Trevor Chute, X.C.8., Melbourne, G. E. Bowen.

No. 23. Copy of a TELEGRAM from Governor Sir G. E. Boaven, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. Clear the line. lam requested by the Governor of NeAV Zealand to transmit to you the folloAving message:—•" Auckland, Ncav Zealand, 25th November, 1869. Preliminaries of peace have been arranged with the so-called Maori King and his adherent. The Colonial Government believe that there is now a sure prospect of permanent tranquillity, unless the moral support of the Eighteenth (18th) Regiment should be Avithdrawn at this critical period the Commissioners, Mr. Dillon Bell and Doctor Eeatherston, proceed to England this month."

No. 24. Copy of a TELEGRAM from Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. New Zealand Commissioners on way home large meeting betAveen Government and Chiefs of Maori King party in Waikato for weake the detention of regiment prevented rising and now peace negotiations will be endangered by removal. Lord Granville earnestly prayed to send telegram to Galle suspending orders to ( General Chute till he sees Commissioners. Dillon Bell.

No. 25. Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. (No. 143.) Government House, Auckland, My Lord, — New Zealand, 12th November, 1869. In pursuance of the directions contained in your Lordship's Despatch No. 89, of the 18th August ultimo, I have the honor to transmit a copy of the letter addressed to me on the 3rd June ultimo by the Acting-Governor of Ceylon (General Hodgson), forwarding a telegram, which I now return in original to , your Lordship. ! I have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. E. BOWEN.

Vide Enclosure in No. 9.

No. 26. Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. (No. 146.) Government House, Auckland, My Lord, — New Zealand, 15th November, 1869. I have the honor to transmit herewith a copy of an interesting Report, by Lieutenant-Colonel St. John (now of the New Zealand Militia, and formerly an officer of Her Majesty's 20th Eoot), on the Urewera and Taupo country, in which the fighting with the rebels under Te Kooti has been mainly carried on during the 13

49

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. 1b

last fifteen months. Colonel St. John has commanded a Division of the Colonial forces, and has thus had peculiar opportunities of observing these mountainous and little known districts, extending —as a glance at the map of New Zealand will show —from the Bay of Plenty on the East Coast of the North Island to the central lake of Taupo. • 2. It will be seen that the best approach to this part of the interior is from Tauranga, the only safe harbour in the Bay of Plenty, and which must become a township and settlement of much importance when peace and tranquillity shall have been established. I have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. E. BOWEN.

Enclosure in No. 26. Colonel J. H. 11. St. John's Description of the Hrewera and Taupo Country. Sic, — In accordance with your instructions to report upon the physical features of the country lying at the back of the Bay of Plenty, and the best means of communication from the coast line to Taupo, I have the honor to submit the following. The report I will divide into two heads, namely :— 1. The nature and resources of the interior country in the Bay of Plenty, as far as I have seen it. : 2. The different lines of road leading from the Bay of Plenty to Taupo. Opotiki. 1. From Opotiki to Te Kaha the mountains run down to the water's edge, leaving on their flanks a few valleys cultivated by the Natives near the coast. The interior of the country, over which roam the remains of the rebel Whakatoheas, is to the friendlios almost a terra incognita. Allured by the frequent appearance of quartz in the Torere stream, I once took up it a prospecting party, and found, according to tho diggers who were with me, every indication of gold but the gold itself. Mr. Gwynneth, C.E., and Mr. Way subsequently went further than me, and hurriedly prospected a good lot of country. They brought back stone containing pyrites and copper. Each party found the country fearfully rough and broken; the path, as usual, leading up the bed of a mountain torrent abounding in waterfalls. . The two Opotiki rivers, the Waioeka and the Otara, each flow through narrow gorges, affording nowhere room for cultivation, except in small patches, until the enclosing ranges open out, forming the Opotiki Valley and the Waiotahi swamp. Wilson's land, on the western bank of the Waioweka, is a fine fertile plateau. Whilst at Opotoki I endeavoured to introduce flax-dressing, in order to give employment to the settlers' families, but, after several meetings, and many rides in search of a supply of flax, I was forced to abandon my views. The swamps about are all raupo ; the only flax to be found, and that in small quantities, being on Native land, about Whakatane, which the owners were disinclined to lease. Waimana. Tho head of the Ohiwha is separated by a low chain of hills from a rich valley, taking its name from the River Waimana, which, issuing into it at Nukutahuahua, waters the upper portion, and again entering a narrow gorge, joins the Whakatane at Puketi. Upwards from Nukutahuahua the ravine through which it flows opens out into glades and flats of rich soil, which will eventually form desirable sites for small farms. Erom the summit of tho Te Ponga Hill, my furthest point, I could descry a fairsized valley, leading, as my guide informed me, to Maungapoatu. Beyond the confiscated boundary oh the Waimana, lies a flat of a few thousand acres, which, together with some land similarly situated on the Whakatane, was leased from Rakuraku, of the Urewera, by Messrs Gwynneth, Simpson, and Pitcairn. The latter was murdered on Rakuraku kainga. Whakatane. Up to Ruatoki the Whakatane flows through a fertile valley, which, on the western side, sinks into the Teko swamp. Beyond Ruatoki it is nothing but a large mountain torrent. After leaving it at' Tuanui, we had to take to hills, a series of ups and downs leading by small confined valleys to the foot of the Wharau. On surmounting this wo found ourselves, after a deep descent (the ascent occupied five hours), on the Omaru Teangi flat; and this, small in itself,' was magnified in extent by the contrast it afforded with the chaos of mountains seen from the peak. The Whakatane here in winter must be a fearful torrent; its strength being evinced by the deeD gorge it has cut for itself, and by the accumulation of huge logs at a great height. This plain ceases at the Hukanui Hill (where Lieutenant White was killed), on the other side of which lies Ruatahuna; tho first stronghold met in it being the Tahora Pa. It used to be currently reported that somewhere up the Urewera country there existed a large plain. I cannot credit this, as Ruatahuna, formerly described to me as a fine flat, is merely a small open valley, bounded by high bushy hills, and closed at each extremity by lofty wooded ranges. All these small valleys appear fertile from the height of the, fern and tutu they grow, and from the quality and quantity of the potatoes we found in the Native cultivations. I have ascended all these rivers, and can only describe the upper country through which they flow as utterly impracticable. Tho only possible roads lie up the beds of the streams ; often these have to be left to avoid deep pools or rapids, and steep hills ascended merely to go down again. Erom these summits, far and wide, nothing can be seen but a vast jumble of mountains tossed into all

50

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—No. la

manner of fantastic shapes. There is hardly a mile of these tracks where spots cannot be found in which fifty men could with ease stop one thousand. The sides of the hills are, with few exceptions, clothed with thick bush, but rarely carry timber which would repay the cost of floating it down in freshes. Up the Waioweka and Otara is occasionally to be found a clump of fine manuka, but the best timber grows generally on the hills away from the river. Mineral Resources. If not for its mineral resources, the country of the rebel Whakatoheas and Ureweras is worthless. It is, however, my firm opinion that these mountains contain within their bosom, mines which some day will add to the wealth of New Zealand. I have already stated that quartz in small quantities is to be found in the Torere stream, and indeed in all the rivers about Opotiki. Whilst in command, I formed several prospecting parties, and though most of them were futile, yet the nature of the soil was such as to lead me to believe that further research would not be thrown away. In more than one spot we discovered thin veins of quartz permeating the slaty rock ; in others, on sinking, we found a boulder formation much resembling the " dirt" of the Victorian alluvial fields ; in others, we camo upon a stratum of thick greasy yellow clay, adapted for potters' work, and a thinner layer of pipeclay. Everywhere washing invariably gave a residue of black sand. Ohiwha. But one spot, I thoroughly believe, will yet prove auriferous. Just before leaving Opotiki I was struck with the number of the quartz veins running through tho rocks at Kohi Point (Whakatane Heads), and took some of my men to explore them. Whilst there, a Native informed me that if I wanted to find " kiripaka " he could take me to a spot where quantities of it existed. Into the western end of the Ohiwha Harbour there falls a small stream, which we struck some two miles from its mouth, and which I named at once " Awa Kiripaka's." The bed was composed of huge boulders of quartz of all colours, from tho milky-white to the brown, and I ascertained the existence of two reefs running through the hill into another stream. We could only knock off a few pieces, which, though good-looking stone, had nothing in them; and, since my departure, no further attempt has been made. Lately, however, a leading Whakatane chief has informed me that he believes goldbearing quartz exists on his land, close to Puketi, the junction of the Waimana and Whakatane. Erom his description I gather that it must be in a stream running towards the Ohiwha, possibly connected with the one I explored. He wishes me particularly to see it, and offers me an escort. He says the land is his, and that he is willing to throw it open at once, but I have ascertained that tho whole of the block still belongs to the Government. Up the Waioweka, in a stream running from Pukenui Oraho, I have found indications of coal. In many places the rock over which tho springs run is coloured to a deep red by an incrustation of a ferruginous matter, and heavy ironstone is common. Copper ore will also, I believe, be discovered, as I have seen several specimens, and one piece I picked up near the Ohiwha had visible signs of it. Waioweka and Whakatane. In our last march through the Urewera country I heard that some of my men had come across good specimens, but I had other things to think of. I have, however, at Tauranga, been shown a pieco of gold-bearing quartz said to have been picked up in the Ruatahuna. Erom the slaty character of some rocks I hurriedly examined, I think it is probable that the specimen came from its represented position. I regret that, in my last march in the unknown Urewera country, I had not leisure to attend to the botanical and other features of the country. One peculiarity struck me. Erom the highest peak we ascended, the Wharau, we could see the different ranges, broken in themselves certainly, but still keeping, each as it were, a distinct character, and all trending towards Whalo Island, like the spokes of a wheel to tho felloe. Everywhere where the country opens out are traces of a former subsidence and subsequent elevation. In some places the terraces are clearly marked out, —in others, the rounded outlines of the bases of the hills attest tho influence of water, and that so distinctly that there can be no doubt that, at a geologically recent period, all the valleys of the Bay of Plenty were estuaries which havo been filled up by elevation and by tho detritus brought down by the rivers from the interior. The Tauaroa Plain, for instance, is evidently the bed of an ancient lake; but the absence of shells in the pumice-sand shows that the showers overlying it, to the depth of some thirty feet, fell on it after its emergence from the waters. The scenery of the Urewera is grand and wild, and a tourist or a geologist would have been delighted with the excursion I took under circumstances not favourable to a search after the picturesque. Should my conjecture about the existence of gold at Whakatane prove correct, the Government must benefit largely. The land in the neighbourhood is all Government property, and townships have been laid out at Ohiwha and Whakatane, and remain yet unapportioned. Ohiwha is bound to become tho harbour in such a case. I have been over the bar with fourteen feet of water on it. Tho Whakatane River is dangerous, on account of the rocks at the entrance, the narrowness of the channel, and the swiftness of the current. Were the rocks blasted away, it is believed a sandbank would soon accumulate. Te Teko Tawaroa and Kaingaroa Flats. Erom the Whakatane Valley the hills sweep round to the westward, bounding the Teko swamp, and turn again to the southward, at the spot where, in former ages, the inland waters which covered the Tauaroa Plain burst forth through a rocky defile into the estuary, now partly consolidated, which

51

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. Ib

lay between Matata, on the west, and Kohi Point, on the east. An immense swamp extends from the sea-coast to Kokohinau, where is found a small expanse of land, about four miles square, of apparently fertile quality. The base of Putauaki is formed of a series of pumice-sand hummocks, bounding this tract of fern land, and from these upwards barrenness prevails. Eor twenty-five miles the path leads through these desolate dunes, destitute of timber and vegetation, though intersected by four brawling mountain streams. Erom these the traveller emerges on the Tauaroa Plain, and a fifteen miles' ride brings him to the Kaingaroa flats. The soil is a soft pumice, clothed with a drawf kind of toetoe, affording no sustenance to animals. Its roots are so little embedded in the soil that sheep pull it up at every bite, and horses will hardly touch it even when half-starved. Erom Port Alfred to Taupo no other vegetation exists, save at rare intervals toetoe bushes on some flat formed by detritus in a bend of the river. The chain of mountains bounding the Urewera country on the right bank of the Rangiteiki is pierced by two gorges which afford access from this side : one at Horomanga, and the other at Tawaroa; a pathway also exists from Eort Alfred to Opouriao on the Whakatane. This was the trail taken by Te Kooti. The road from Arowhata Ho by Harawiwi passes over the ranges, —of that by Tarawera I have no knowledge. Once on the Kaingaroa Plains, which lie some 200 feet above the level of Tauaroa, tho only water to be found for a long distance is on the Rangiteiki River. Its banks are mostly steep, though of no height, and are occasionally clothed with toetoe and harakeke. At one place, Arowata Tawhitu, the river foams between two rocks so close that the space between them is an easy jump. The Kaingaroa Plains aro as sterile as Tauaroa, but exhibit more traces of volcanic action. Wood and water are very scarce, and are rarely found together. At Te Onepu there exists a good-sized pond close by a bush, and at Opepe a small stream trickles out of the rock. Here there is also a limited amount of grass. The only spot I consider fit for the permanent camp for which I was ordered to reconnoitre was on the eastern side of the Waikato, near Tapuaehararu, as timber in abundance could be rafted to it from a wood some three miles up on the opposite shore. Of the country lying between Taupo and the Hot Lakes I know nothing, but Mr. Heale has given me information which will appear in my report on the roads. Matata and Maketu. Between Matata and Maketu, and at the back, lies a large expanse of fern land, mostly taken up for runs. The mountain country at the back of " Canaan," near Maketu, and southward from Tauranga, is but indifferently supplied with water, and, like the rest of the hill districts, is very broken and difficult. In 1867 Major Mair "took a body of Arawas from Maketu to Orope by the mountains, and the party suffered much from thirst. Near Tauranga, however, this want is not so much felt. Several streams run down into the harbour from Otane Wainuku, which forms a watershed ; and from the humidity of the bush, and the clayey substratum, I have no doubt wells could be sunk with advantage. Tauranga. During tho Tauranga expedition of 1867, several specks of gold were found by washing in the Wairoa, about Kaima, and it is possible that further research will prove that the range running from the Aroha, and dividing the Thames from Tauranga, is auriferous. A discovery made near Katikati some time ago is likely to influence the fate of Tauranga. Last year, in July, a party of gentlemen walked from Ohinemuri to Tauranga. They were jealously watched all the way, but saw quite enough to satisfy them of the mineral capabilities of the country. On the way to Waihi, four miles from Katikati, they discovered auriferous quartz, and knocked off with a tomahawk a few bits, which have been proved to be impregnated with gold. Waihi. Waihi is only some twenty-five miles from Te Papa by the inland waters ; the only difficulty in the navigation being a narrow channel between two spits of land, impassable for boats at low water. Should this place be opened out as a gold field by the Government, Tauranga will be the harbour, and as I hope to be able to prove that the best road from Auckland to Taupo runs at present through Tauranga, I see no reason for doubting that this fine harbour will, in a short time, become the site of a flourishing town. I shall, later, havo to speak of the Pirirakaus, the Natives living at the back of Tauranga, who now object to any prospecting on their land; but I am confident that, were Ohinemuri opened, the small section of rebels still holding out in the bush around Te Papa would gladly follow suit with the Thames Natives, and that the settlement of a mining population on the Upper Thames would insure permanent peace in the district of Tauranga. The desideratum is that the Government should open out this country, and not allow it to fall into the hands of speculators, who would naturally prefer their own interest to the public good. Recapitulation. As a general recapitulation, I may say that, in the Bay of Islands, the valleys near the coast, being of different ages, have arrived at different degrees of maturity : some have passed through the grades from estuaries to mud-flats, then to raupo swamps, and lastly to sound arable land. Some are still undergoing the process of formation; while the Ohiwha and the inland sea of Tauranga remain to show what was formerly the general character. The formed valleys are all fertile. The mountains which formerly rose out of the bed of the sea form a wild chaos, pierced here and there by deep gorges, the outlets of the waters which once filled the hollows in the interior. As the volcanic region is approached, the soil changes ;it no longer bears high fern or bush; a thick deposit of pumice-sand, the result of centuries of eruptions from the craters around, overlies the fertile ground and forbids all hope of cultivation. The open country from Matata to Taupo is worthless.

52

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—Ho. Ib.

PART 11. Three direct lines of communication exist between the Bay of Plenty and Taupo. They are : — Ist.—Erom Matata via the posts established by the field force, Arowhata Ho and Opepe to Tapuaeharuru. 2nd. —From Maketu by Kaiteriria, or by the Horohoro. 3rd. —From Tauranga to Puherua by Otane Wainuku, thence by Ohinemutu and the eastern base 'of the Horohoro, crossing the Waikato at Nibi-o-te-kiore, and reaching Tapuaeharuru through Oruanui. Ist. —The bar of the Awa-o-te-Atua is dangerous ; at low water it has not two feet of water, and not more than seven at high. A further obstruction exists some two miles up stream, where vessels drawing over two feet are arrested by a shifting bank of pumice-sand. Once this shoal of only a few hundred yards in length overcome, the Rangitikei becomes a fine stream, with a good body of water as far as Kokohinau. .Soon after this kainga, the rapids commence. All traffic by this line must go by water as far as Kokohinau, as tho two roads, or rather bridletracks, leading from Matata run through immense swamps. The best of the two has five miles of beach and ten of swamp, with a ford, not always practicable, at the junction of the Orini and Rangitikei. This latter river must also bo crossed at Kokohinau. Erom this place to the hummocks at the base of Putauaki no difficulty occurs, and beyond these up to Fort Galatea the road is all but made. There are two small streams to be bridged, but the timber for the bridges is ready, and near to its intended position. There are twenty-nine cuttings and sidings on this twenty-five mile piece of road, executed by tho Armed Constabulary. From Fort Galatea to Tapuaeharuru the distance is fifty-two miles, on which little work would be required, as the country is all flat, save at tho rise from the Tauaroa to the Kaingaroa Plain. Tho soil I have already described as a soft rotten pumice, in which wheels sink deep. Traffic would, however, harden it. I always considered this the worst line which could bo adopted, for tho following reasons : — Ist.—lts flank is exposed the whole way to the Urewera, who could, coming by Opouriaoand Fort Alfred, fire upon boats ; or, emerging from the gorges of Horomanga or Tauaroa, cut off travellers, and retreat with impunity into their fastnesses. To watch this road effectually a strong force is absolutely necessary. 2nd. —All along it there is a great dearth of wood and water , the few water-holes being at more than a bullock dray's journey apart. The worst part lies between Fort Galatea and Taupo. I once rode over twenty-five miles in that direction without finding water. At the ford at Arowhata Ho, one of the natural camping-grounds, there is hardly enough tea-tree scrub to boil a billy. Wells cannot bo sunk except to great depth, as all moisture percolates through the pumice. 3rd.-—There is no feed for cattle or horses along the whole line. Whatever means of transport are used, whether bullocks or horses, their forage must be carried. 4th. —The fact of its having as its only harbour a river which is frequently unapproachable, and of its being a necessity that the first twenty miles of carriage should be by this bad river, is enough to condemn it. Second Line. From Maketu to the Tahiki the road has been partly made ; it is a good bridle-track, available for bullock drays for twelve miles beyond Maketu. After crossing the Tahiki, the road winds round Rotoiti and Rotorui to Ohinemutu. The track now adopted is by Kaiteriria; but Mr. Heale has informed me of tho existence of an almost natural, road leading past the Horohoro Mountain by Nihi-o-te-kiore and Oruanui to Tapuaeharuru. This, he tells me, will, require hardly any labour, and passes through a country which can produce feed for horses and cattle. The road by Kateriria and Orakei Kerako is bad and rugged. After leaving Maketu, from the first creek (the furthest point which waggons can now reach) to the Ngae, a distance of sixteen miles, the road must bo made through the bush. Tho great objection to this line is the want of a harbour at its starting point. The Maketu River has a bad bar, and even the " Sturt " has only once been inside. A swift current and a heavy surf are impediments. The advantage is that it runs the whole way through a friendly country. Third Line. This runs past Pye's Pa block-house and by an old Native track, in a direct line to Puhirua on the Rotorua Lake. The two difficulties attendant on its formation aro the hostility of tho Pirirakaus and the absence of water in tho Otane Wainuku bush. I think that when the Upper Thames is opened, the former consideration will not give much trouble, and the latter can be obviated by sinking wells. The Pirirakau are a small tribe, living at Meanene, Orope, Akeake, Taumata, and Kaimai, on the •edge of tho bush. Although supposed to be hostile they do not seem to havo moved since 1867, and they are in the habit of coming into Tauranga as often as the friendly Ngaiterangis. I was speaking, about a month ago, to one of their chiefs, who assured me I need not have the slightest hesitation in visiting their villages. lam of opinion that the only case in which they would take up arms would be in the event of a large body of hostile Natives arriving among them from Patetere ; or, as was recently threatened, from Canaan, under the leadership of Hakaraia. Orope contains the most disaffected, being the residence of a notorious character who murdered a settler in 1866. All their villages come within the confiscated boundary, and their population is so small that they could be easily kept in check by a post, due care being taken to lot them know that no aggression was intended. From the edge of the bush to Puhirua the distance is twenty-two miles, but the track is one rarely used by the Natives on account of the absence of water. This, I have remarked, can be overcome by sinking wells. It is described as rough travelling; but from the character of the country rising from Te Papa —tho ravines in it extending in parallel lines along the road and not across it—l do not anticipate many engineering difficulties. 14

53

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

h_L.—NO. 18,

From Puhirua to Ohinemutu the road is easy, and then we fall into the track above mentioned, leading by the Horohoro. The advantages of this road aro as follows : —■ Ist. It takes its departure from the best harbour in the Bay of Plenty, on the shores of which is situated a settlement, with abundance of good land. 2nd. It can throw out two branches into the Patctere plateau, one by Kaimai, a few miles to tho right of its entry into the bush ; the other by the foot of the Ngongotaha Mountain, near Ohinemutu, the track taken by the Hauhaus after their defeat by Colonel McDonnell in 1867. 3rd. Up to Pye's Pa block-house the road is already available for drays. 4th. It is watered throughout, with tho exception of tho Otane Wainuku Bush, in which wells can be sunk. sth. I believe the inhabitants of Tauranga, alive to the importance of this road, would assist towards its completion. 6th. It would establish a rapid communication between Tauranga and Ohinemutu, and enable supports to move quickly in case of necessity. 7th. It affords a short and easy means of access to the Hot Lakes, and will, before long, be the cause of the establishment of a sanatorium on their shores, and attract many visitors who would not take the more circuitous route. Bth. If no objection is raised to the cutting, a small force will bo sufficient to protect tho travellers by it. The distances of each lino are as under:— First Line. Matata to Kokohinau (by water) ... ... ... ... ... 20 miles Kokohinau to Arowhata Ho ... ... ... ... ... 41 „ Arowhata Ho to Tapuaeharuru ... ... ... ... ... 52 „ 113 „ Second Line. Maketu to Ohinemutu ... .... ... ... ... ... 35 miles Ohinemutu to Nihi-o-te-kit ro ... ... ... ... ... 26 „ Nihi-o-te-kioro to Tapuaeharuru ... ... ... ... ... 23 „ 84 „ Third Line. Tauranga to Puhirua ... ... ... ... ... ... 30 miles Puhirua to Ohinemutu ... ... ... ... ... ... 8 „ Ohinemutu to Tapuaeharuru ... ... ... ... ... 49 „ 87 „ These distances are, of course, measured on the map, which gives none of the devious windings ot the road. It is without the slightest hesitation that I recommend the adoption of tho third line. But a short time will elapso before the Ohinemuri and Upper Thames country will be thrown open to the Pakeha ; once this done, there will be nothing to prevent prospecting parties from exploring Tauranga, the back country of which has already given good indications. With a gold field to the North-west, with a probability of mineral resources close to it, with its splendid harbour; with its fine land, and with an easy communication by Taupo with the Kaimanawa, Tauranga must eventually prosper, and, by its prosperity, add to the general improvement of the country. And not the least cause of its prosperity will havo been the road leading from it to tho interior. No amount of road-making will benefit Maketu, either as a commercial town or as a strategical point. Tauranga, on the contrary, is tho key to the interior and to the Upper Thames. In days past I advocated tho formation of a road from it by Matamata to Maungatautari ; this however was not feasible. Now I believe that, what with the ejection of the leading rebel from the King's territory, what with the presence of our forces in Taupo, what with a touch of the same feeling which seems to have animated the West Coast Natives, the poor remnants of the hostile tribes at the back of Tauranga will welcome an opportunity offered thorn to come in and cease from mischief; especially, as bafore remarked, if the Upper Thames Natives consent to open up their country. I have no doubt that, in the course of years, the Pateterc plateau will be the line of communication between Auckland and Taupo. At present the best road is via Tauranga. I believe that there will be found to be but little difference in estimates for making this or the one by Maketu. Befence. If my surmises aro correct, I should say that, on the completion of the road, two posts, each of twenty-five men, one at tho entrance of the bush, tho other at Puhirua, would be amply sufficient. As traffic increases, and hostility diminishes, even theso will be abandoned. The temper of tho Natives can be easily gauged while making the road. Among them there is a chief, named Penetaka, who has never been concerned in any atrocities ; he has always fought us fairly, I have heard that he is anxious to come in. Should he do so, he would be of great assistance in keeping his tribe quiet. On tho second line no posts would be needed. A few mounted police, to check tho appropriating tendencies of any light-fingered gentry, would suffice. In each of these cases I suppose that a post exists at Taupo, somewhere about Tapuaeharuru. The first line I would not undertake to keep safely open under 500 men, distributed from Matata to Taupo. My last letters from Tauranga speak of Te Kooti as having once more thrown himself into

54

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—No. Ib

the Urewera country. If so, the waylaying of parties travelling to Taupo via Matata would just suit the tastes of both leader and followers. J. H. 11. St. John, Lieut.-Colonel, N.Z.M., Auckland, Bth October, 1869. Inspector, A.C.

No. 27. Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. (No. 148). Government House, Auckland, My Lord, — New Zealand, 17th November, 1869. I. have the honor to enclose herewith, for your Lordship's information, a copy of the final judgment of the Native Lands Court, recently delivered at Wellington, in the case of the Rangitikei-Manawatu land claims, Avbich (as will be remembered tit the Colonial Office) have caused much angry discussion during several years past in the southern part of this Island, and have sometimes threatened to lead to open warfare. 2. About seven years ago, the fertile block of land lying between the Rangitikei and ManaAvatu Rivers, on the West Coast of the Province of Wellington, and containing nearly a quarter of a million of acres, was purchased for the sum of twenty-five thousand pounds sterling (£25,000), from the Ngatiapa Tribe, by Dr. Eeatherston, the Superintendent of the Province, acting on behalf of the Crown. The scene presented at tbe payment of this money Avas witnessed by Sir Charles WentAVorth Dilke, and is very graphically described in his recently published book Greater Britain." The sale was, however, objected to by certain members of the Ngatiraukawa Tribe, Avho grounded their title chiefly on conquest, alleging that the land in question Avas, about fifty years ago, conquered from the Ngatiapas, the original possessors, by the Ngatitoa Tribe, under their celebrated, chief Te Rauperaha, av!io subsequently granted much of it to his allies, the NgatiraukaAvas. Considering the ATery serious consequences which haA^e folloAved the attempt, made in 1860, to carry out, in spite of the protest of a dissentient minority of the Native claimants, the provisions of the sale of tho small block of land (only eight hundred (800) acres in all) on the RiArer Waitara, near Taranaki, the Colonial Government Avisely abstained from pushing matters to an extremity in this new case. Unfortunately, hoAvever (as it noAV seems to be generally agreed), the ManaAvatuRangitikei claims were, in the first instance, excepted from the jurisdiction of the Natives Lands Court, instituted for the purpose of investigating and determining Maori titles, and composed of English Judges Avith Native Assessors. This error Avas, hoAvever, afterwards repaired by an Act of the NeAV Zealand Legislature; and the petitions and protests of the conflicting parties, presented to me soon after my arrival in this Colony in 1868, Avere referred, in due course of IaAV, to the Native Lands Court, sitting at Wellington under the presidency of the Chief Judge, the Honorable E. I). Ecnton. The trial occupied no less than forty-five (45) days, during which eighty-four (84) Maori AAdtnesses Avere examined. The AttorneyGeneral appeared for the Crovra, and Mr. Travers (one of the leading Counsel at the New Zealand Bar) for the dissentients. The able and experienced Chief Judge has informed me " that the case was very Avell got up; that the assiduity and " intelligence of Counsel on both sides were very remarkable ; that the evidence " Avas conclusive; and that there remained no doubt in the mind of any of the " members of the Court as to the judgment." 3. Mr. Mailing, the Judge Avho deliArered the final decision, is the Avell-knoAvn author of " Old NeAV Zealand," a book which is generally held by all competent critics to contain a very graphic and correct picture of the customs and character of the Maoris in the times preceding British colonization. The judgment delivered by him will in itself be found an interesting page of Maori history. The evidence taken AAras chiefly respecting the inter-tribal Avars of the last generation, and the territorial rights acquired and lost by the hostile clans, according to Maori usage, by victory and defeat. One of the principal witnesses on the part of the Crown was Tamihana To Rauperaha, the only son of the conquering chief, and the last survivor of his name and race.

Vide Appendk, XB7O'A- No- 25,

55

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

iL—No, IB

4. The effect of the judgment of the Court is to confirm, in the main, what had previously been done by Dr. Eeatherston. Specific awards to the amount of six thousand two hundred acres (6,200) have been made (as shoAvn in the Schedules annexed to the Order of the Court) to the dissentient claimants who had refused to concur in the sale. Subject to this reservation, the Rangitikei-Manawatu block. of land has now passed to the Crown, has become a valuable part of the Provincial estate, and is thrown, open for European settlement. Nothing can be affirmed with certainty as to the future conduct of so impulsive a people as the Maoris ; but I am assured that no further disturbance need, in all probability, be apprehended regarding this matter, which has been so long a source of grave embarrassment. Indeed, the Chief Judge (Mr. Eenton) has written to me in the following terms : " The Court has dealt with and settled cases of much greater " intrinsic difficulty, and possessing far more powerful extrinsic obstacles, than " the Manawatu claim, and has never yet, even at Taupo, had. a decision disputed, or even obedience delayed." I should observe that the Native Lands Court sat at Taupo, a few months back, in the centre of this Island, in the middle of the Native population, and at a great distance from the European settlements ; and that the Judges had'no force beyond a feAV Maori policemen wherewith to carry out their decrees. These facts seem to speak volumes for the confidence Avith which this Court is generally regarded by the Maori owners of the soil. By its aid the old tribal or communistic tenure, the source of so much internecine strife, is gradually converted into fee simple; on the production of sufficient proof, certificates of title are given to individual landholders, and on these certificates CroAvn Grants are issued. The Maoris, like the Europeans, are thus brought to look upon the Queen and the law as the protectors of their territorial rights. I have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. E. BOWEN.

THE SECRETARY OF STATE TO THE GOVERNOR OF NEW ZEALAND.

No. 1. Copy of a DESPATCH from the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G., to Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. (Confidential.) Sir, — DoAvning Street, 14th July, 1869. With reference to your Despatch No. 41, of the 29th March, in which you represent the value of the services rendered by the Native Chief Te Kepa, or Major Kemp, I have to inform you that Her Majesty's Government propose to send out a silver-mounted sword, in order that it may be presented by you to Major Kemp in the name of the Queen, in token of Her Majesty's recognition of his services. The sword will probably be followed by a silver badge. Her Majesty's Government understand that there are, besides Major Kemp, three or four other friendly chiefs Avho have rendered, and are still rendering, important services against the insurgent Natives to the British Government. A chief of the name of Haimona has been mentioned to me as having distinguished himself by services performed for the Government. Should you be of opinion that they are also deserving of some mark of Her Majesty's favour, you will be good enough to submit the names of those Avhom you Avould recommend aa specially deserving of reAvard. You had better not mention Her Majesty's intention to send out this present to Te Kepa until it arrives. I have, &c., Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. GRANVILLE.

56

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—No. Ib.

No. 2. Extract from a DESPATCH from the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G., to Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. (Very Confidential.) Downing Street, 15th July, 1869. " I have to inform you that I havo requested the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to issue instructions to the Commanding Officers of Her Majesty's ships cruising in the neighbourhood of NeAV Zealand, to show themselves for the present as much as possible on the coasts of the Northern Island, and in the neighbourhood of those parts in which rebellion or disaffection is reported to exist. " And although no force is to be landed from Her Majesty's ships for any ordinary operations of Avar, but the officers in command Avill be instructed that in the case —I hope very improbable —of any great disaster, they are to take such steps as may be necessary to save the lives and properties of Europeans in the maritime settlements." *******

No. 3. Copy of a DESPATCH from the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G., to Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. (No. 93.) Sir, — Downing Street, 21st August, 1869. I have to acknoAAdedge the receipt of your Despatch No. 65, of sth June. As regards the irregularity to which you refer in the delivery of the NeAV Zealand mails, you will have been informed, by my Despatch No. 53, of 11th May, that measures had been taken to ensure their correct transmission in future. I learn with satisfaction that your Government have organized, and intend to keep on foot, an effective force for the maintenance of peace ; and that you entertain hopes of a formal arrangement of terms of pacification betAveen the Local Government and the Maori King. I have, &c, Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. GRANVILLE.

No. 4. Copy of a DESPATCH from the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G., to Governor Sir G. E. Boaven, G.C.M.G. (No. 99.) Sir, — Downing Street, 20th September, 1869. I have received your Despatch No. 76, of 30th June, in reply to mine of 26th Eebruary, No. 28, in which I informed you that the Secretary of State for War had communicated to me your correspondence Avith Sir Trevor Chute respecting the Avithdrawal of the Imperial troops from New Zealand. In mentioning that the correspondence in question had been received from the War Office, I had no intention of implying any censure on yourself. I see no reason for qualifying the expression of opinion quoted in the second paragraph of your Despatch. I am glad, however, to learn that General Chute's visit did not produce the effect Avhich might not unnaturally have resulted from it. I have, &c, Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. GRANVILLE. 15 ,

57

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. 1b

No. 5. Copy of a DESPATCH from the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G., to Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. (No. 105.) Sir, — Downing Street, 4th October, 1869. I have received your Despatch No. 81, of the sth of July, relating to my Despatches No. 12, of the 29th January, and No. 30, of the 26th Eebruary, 1869. 2. In observing on the periods at which the official and unofficial accounts of the first recent Maori outbreaks had reached me, I did not desire to impose on you the necessity of a long and detailed explanation. My desire was, Avith the least possible appearance of censure, to point out to you that intelligence which was, and was deemed by you to be, of the greatest importance, had reached England through private channels (of course by telegraph) some time before I received any intimation of it from you. Your present appeal forces me to say explicitly, that as the same modes of communication are open to the Government as are open to individuals, I think that it would have been better if you had sent a telegram by the Suez mail, indicating the general nature of what had occurred, and of the proposals which Her Majesty's Government would have to consider in the short period (a feAV hours as it happened) which elapses between receiving and ansAvering your Despatches. 3. The observation that I did not collect from your Despatches the limits within which disturbances were apprehended, or the number of Natives in arms, was not intended as a censure. 4. I scarcely understand with what object you notice, in the sth paragraph of your Despatch, my opinion " that the terrible nature of the catastrophe which " had occurred led you to overrate the magnitude of the danger to the Colony." 5. I collect from the passage marked C in that paragraph that, at present, you are not disinclined to admit that your apprehensions are not borne out by what has since happened. 6. I now turn to the matters treated of in my Despatch No. 30. I have, elseAvhere, expressed myself satisfied with the explanations which you transmit respecting the treatment of the Chatham Islanders, and the seizure of some Natives as hostages on the West Coast. 7. I think it natural, after reading those explanations, that the circumstances did not occur to you as requiring any special report. 8. I am, however, surprised that you did not distinctly record and justify a circumstance so unusual as the proclamation of reAvards for the production of certain persons, dead or alive; and also that you left me to collect for myself, a matter so important in the history of this outbreak, as the scantiness of the force maintained by the Colony at the period of the Poverty Bay massacre. I have, &c, Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. GRANVILLE.

No. 6. Copy of a DESPATCH from the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G., to Governor Sir G. E. Boaven, G.C.M.G. (No. 106.) Sir, — Downing Street, 6th October, 1869. The postscript to your Despatch No. 80, of 4th July, treats of matters not connected with the subject of that Despatch (the appointment of an officer to administer the Government in your absence), and I think it most convenient to deal with it separately. I entirely approve of your having informed Mr. Eox that you were utterly unable to comply Avith his request to detain the 2-18 th Regiment in New Zealand, but on perusing the reasons which you gave to that gentleman, I cannot help observing on the inconvenience of embodying in a communication to your Responsible Advisers what cannot be understood otherwise than as a complaint of the conduct towards you of the Home Government.

58

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—No. Ib,

I infer that, in your opinion, you have not been kept properly apprised of the views of Her Majesty's Government in relation to the removal of the 18th Regiment, and that information and directions which ought to have been given to you were in fact given to the Military authorities. I think it necessary, therefore, to point out that you have been repeatedly and unreservedly informed that the troops were to be Avithdrawn Avith all convenient speed, and that the actual directions for movement of troops from a Colony, Avhich I understand you to mean by the " final orders for the immediate " and entire removal of the troops," are of necessity given, not to the Governor of a Colony, but always to the Executive Officers of the Army or Navy, or both. The exact mode and time of Avithdrawing the 18th Regiment from New Zealand depended on arrangements of detail of Avhich the authorities at home were not completely masters themselves, which could only be communicated to you by the Military and Naval authorities in Australia charged with their execution, and the knowledge of Avhich must have been comparatively unimportant to yourself or your Ministers, as you were fully aware, in general, that the Colony must hold itself prepared for the removal of the regiment at very short notice. I have, &c, Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. GRANVILLE.

No. 7. Copy of a DESPATCH from the Right Hon. Earl Granville, KG., to Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. (No. 108.) Sir, — DoAvning Street, 7th October, 1869. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Despatch No. 100, of the 3rd August last, in which you transmit to me copies of the letters Avhich, at the request of your Ministers, you forwarded to Major-General Sir TreA ror Chute and Commodore Lambert respectively; and I have to convey to you my approval of the terms in Avhich you sent to those officers the Resolutions and Act of the Colonial Legislature. I have, &c, Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. GRANVILLE.

No. 8. Copy of a DESPATCH from the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G., to Governor Sir G. E. Boaven, G.C.M.G. (No. 112.) Sir, — Downing Street, 7th October, 1869. I sent, on the 29th September, a Telegraphic Despatch in the following words, addressed to the Governor of Ceylon: —" Inform Governor of New Zealand that, except in case of unexpected calamity, Her Majesty's Government adhere to policy signified in Despatches Nos. 62 and 75. I shall write fully by mail." I have, &c, Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. GRANVILLE.

No. 9. Copy of a DESPATCH from the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G., to Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. (No. 118.) Sir, — Downing Street, 18th October, 1869. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Despatch No. 102, of the 4th of August last, forwarding the " Casualty Roll" of Europeans killed and Avounded by the rebel Maoris, between Ist June, 1868, and Ist August, 1869, and also a printed Parliamentary Paper, giving a Return of the killed and wounded Europeans and Natives, from Ist May, 1868, to sth June, 1869.

59

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. 1b

I have caused a copy of the " Casualty Roll" to be sent to the public papers and also to the Emigration Commissioners, the Agents-General for Crown Colonies, and to Mr. Morrison. I have, &c, Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. GRANVILLE.

No. 10. Copy of a DESPATCH from the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G., to Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. (No. 121.) Sir, — Downing Street, 4th November, 1869. I have received your Despatch No. 83, of the 7th of July, informing me that strong comments have been made in the Colony on the folloAving paragraph from my Despatch No. 30, of the 26th Eebruary :— " I see it stated in the newspapers that you have offered a reward of £1,000 " for the person of the Maori chief TitokoAvaru—l infer alive or dead—and £5 " for the person of every Maori rebel brought in alive. " I do not pronounce any opinion at present as to the propriety of these steps, " but I must observe that they are so much at variance with the usual laws of " war, and appear, at first sight, so much calculated to exasperate and extend " hostilities, that they ought to have been reported to me by you officially, with " the requisite explanation, which I should now be glad to receive." On this you say, in the first place, "It is contended that this passage implies " that the Maoris now in arms .... are foreign enemies, or, at all events, " belligerents, with whom the usual laws of war must be strictly observed;" and it is "felt that the question thus raised is of the highest practical importance." I think you would have done well to point out to those who thus argue, that my Despatch nowhere hints that the Maoris are foreigners —a doctrine Avhich I had never heard of before I perused the Attorney-General's Opinion; and that the legitimate inference from my Despatch is the direct contrary to that which is drawn from it. I there state that the proceedings of your Government are entirely at variance with the usual laws of war, and yet, with this unequivocal announcement, I pointedly refrain from pronouncing any opinion on them, and imply that I expect to receive from you a sufficient explanation. Later in your Despatch you state that it has been asked, " Why should the " Ministry be blamed for adopting against Maori murderers and rebels, measures " far less stringent than those for which Lord Seaton, Sir 11. Ward, Lord " Torrington, Lord Canning, and other Governors, have been applauded." If these questions were addressed to you, I think you should have pointed ont that whatever blame was implied in my Despatch, was directed, not against your Ministers, but against yourself; and that, as regards yourself, the blame did not relate to the propriety of measures adopted, on which I did " not pronounce " any opinion," but to your omission to report and explain them. With regard to the Governors whose acts are quoted by the supposed questioner (Avhose argument you appear to adopt), I am not prepared to inquire whether the most severe acts of Lord Seaton, Sir H. Ward, and Lord Torrington, Avere those for which they were held entitled to public approval. But I feel it a duty to express my surprise at the allegation that Lord Canning was applauded because he was party to the severities—in some instances very lamentable —which were resorted to during the Indian Mutiny. It was not by the adoption, but by the dauntless discouragement, of sanguinary measures, that Lord Canning earned the admiration which was finally acknowledged to be his due. You are " informed," you say, " that there appears to be a very general deter- " mination to resist the active interference of any Imperial authority in the " internal government of New Zealand." Your knoAvledge of the policy of the Home Government, as explained in the numerous Despatches addressed recently to yourself and your predecessors, would have justified you in assuring your informants that Her Majesty's Government

60

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

61

A.—No. Is.

have not the intention of attempting any such interference, and in pointing out that nothing that I have ever written to you—certainly not that of requiring full information from Her Majesty's Representative in respect to the Colony of Avhich he administers the Government—can properly be taken as indicating such an intention. At any rate, you are now at liberty to disclaim it in the most positive terms. The passage which you quote from my Despatch has been so misunderstood, that it may be well, in conclusion, to explain its purport and meaning with a fulness which would otherwise have been unnecessary. The late Maori insurrection, as we are all aware, had assumed the dimensions of an internal war, justifying the employment of military methods for its repression, and requiring the application of some modification of the laws of war, as these laAvs are applicable to rebels and savages. The present disturbances appear, at first sight, or at any rate, appeared when my Despatch was written, to be a revival of that internal war, likely to call for the same military methods, and requiring that those methods should be mitigated by the same rules. But the offering of a reward for the person of a hostile leader " whether alive or dead" is so much at variance with the usual course of civil or military proceedings, that, without pronouncing it to be wrong on account of that variance, I considered it the duty of the Governor, in giving Her Majesty's Government an authentic account of the facts of the insurrection, to record this fact and its justification. If this had been done at once I should not probably have addressed you at all on the subject. On the explanation now offered I observe as folloAvs : — I do not clearly understand how you justify this notice as a matter of law. I understand you to disclaim the application of martial law; and viewing Titokowaru merely as a notorious, but untried and unconvicted, rebel and murderer, I am not aAvare of any Colonial enactment which Avould make it lawful for any chance person to shoot him down. I have, &c, GRANVILLE. Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G.

No. 11. Copy of a DESPATCH from the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G., to Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. (No. 125.) Sir, — Downing Street, sth November, 1869. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Despatch No. 101, of the 4th of August, reporting the employment of Captain Young on duty in the Waikato Districts, and relating to general questions of military defence. I have been in communication with the Secretary of State for War with respect to the employment of Captain Young, and I have to inform you that Mr. Secretary Cardwell sees no objection to his employment in the manner reported by you. With regard to the general course pursued by you in connection with the Native rebellion, you need not doubt that you are acting in full accordance with my wishes in constantly recommending to the Colonial Government that the great end to which their energies should be continually directed is the termination of the present insurrection. The Ministry themselves are under such overpowering inducements to this course, and the Einancial Statement of the Treasurer so clearly shoAVS that they are alive to the difficulties of their situation, that I can hardly expect that any observation of mine would render them more sensible of the necessity of concluding the war. It would be useless, at this distance from the scene of trouble, to offer recommendations of detail, but such general views as I have been able to form with 16

A.—-No. Ib.

confidence, are embodied in my Despatch of the 7th October, No. 115, relating to the withdrawal of the Imperial troops. I have, &c, Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. GRANVILLE.

No. 12. Copy of a DESPATCH from the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G., to Governor Sir G. E. Boaven, G.C.M.G. (Confidential.) Sir, — Downing Street, sth November, 1869. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Confidential Despatch of the 30th of August, requesting permission to publish, in case it has not already been made public, your Confidential Despatch on the affairs of New Zealand, dated the 7th of December, 1868. In reply, I have to inform you that this Despatch has already been published, being included in the papers recently presented to Parliament. I have, &c., Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. GRANVILLE.

No. 13. Copy of a DESPATCH from the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G., to Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. (Confidential.) Sir, — Downing Street, sth November, 1869. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Confidential Despatch of the 2nd of September, reporting on the state of public feeling in New Zealand in regard to the policy pursued toAvards the Colony by the Home Government. I deeply regret that the conclusions which Her Majesty's Government have found themselves obliged to adopt, should be vieAved by some of the Colonists as giving them just cause of complaint. The reasons Avhich have led to these conclusions have been fully placed before them in my recent Despatches, and I can only add that they have been adopted after the most serious consideration, under a \ grave sense of responsibility of what were the true interests of the Colony as Avell I as of this country. I have, &c, Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. GRANVILLE.

No. 14. Copy of a DESPATCH from the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G., to Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. (Confidential.) Sir, — Downing Street, 17th December, 1869. In answer to your Confidential Despatch of the 17th September, I have to inform you that your Despatches, mentioned in the margin, are included in a collection of Papers relative to New Zealand, which are about to be presented to Parliament. Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. ' GRANVILLE.

No. 63, 28th May 1869. No. 74,25 th June 1869. No. 76,30 th June 1869. No. 81, sth July, 1869. Conadential, 30tt Aug., 1869.

No. 15. Copy of a DESPATCH from the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G., to Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. (Confidential). Sir, — DoAvning Street, 21st December, 1869. With reference to your Confidential Despatch of the 18th September, I have the honor to inform you that I have given directions for the supply of five

62

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—UO. 16

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

63

additional SAVords for presentation to the chiefs whose names you submit, and they wdl be forwarded to you with the least practicable delay. In my Confidential Despatch of the 14th July, I informed you that the swords would be followed by badges. On consideration, however, it has been determined that the gift of a sword Avill be a sufficient mark of Her Majesty's favour. I have, &c, Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. GRANVILLE.

No. 16. Copy of a DESPATCH from the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G., to Governor Sir G. E. Boaven. G.C.M.G. (No. 2.) Sir, — Downing Street, 10th January, 1870. I have to acknoAvledge your Despatch No. 135, of 22nd October, calling my attention to certain errors in the reports published in the English newspapers, of the speech delivered by Mr. Monsell in the House of Commons on 22nd July last. On referring to the account of the debate in " Hansard," you will observe that the first of the accusations noticed by you does not exist in it. The substitution of the Avord "East" for "West," as erroneously reported, would have ) been suggested by the context to an attentive reader. I have, &c, Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. GRANVILLE.

No. 17. Copy of a DESPATCH from the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G., to Governor Sir G. E. Boaven, G.C.M.G. (No. 4.) Sir, — DoAvning Street, 10th January, 1870. I have to acknowledge your Despatch No. 134, of 14th October last, furnishing an account of your journey from Wellington to Auckland, by the West Coast of NeAV Zealand, and of your reception in the several districts which you visited on the road. I have also received your further Despatch No. 137, of 25th October, reporting your visit to the District of Kaipara. The narrative of your tour, which these Despatches contain, has afforded me much interest, and I see reason to hope, from the manner in which you were received by the Natives of the districts which you visited, that your going among them Avill encourage a good understanding between them and the European settlers in their vicinity. The account you are able to give of renewed peace and prosperity in tho country is highly satisfactory, and I notice with pleasure the humane manner in Avhich the families of the prisoners have been so generously treated. I have, &c, Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. GRANVILLE.

No. 18. Copy of a DESPATCH from the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G., to Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. (No. 7.) Sir, — Downing Street, 28th January, 1870. I have received your Despatch No. 138, of 26th October, 1869, relating to the disapproval by the Lords of the Admiralty of certain proceedings of Commodore Lambert, and enclosing a letter which you had addressed to General Chute. I feel some difficulty in answering this communication.

A.—No. Ib.

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

64

Being not a Confidential Despatch, but one of a series which conveys the history of the Colony during a critical period, it is right that it should be placed before Parliament and the country, and it will present the unusual appearance of a somewhat rhetorical denunciation, by Her Majesty's Representative, of what is uoav the avowed policy of Her Government, and of the conduct of the Admiralty in a matter of discipline upon Avhich it is their province to decide. Undesirable as it is that the correspondence between a Governor and the Government which he represents should assume the character which is thus forced upon it, I have no alternative but to notice your Despatch more fully than I could have wished. If, on grounds connected with the state of New Zealand, you consider Commodore Lambert and General Chute to have served the public interests in detaining the 2-18 th Regiment in New Zealand, and are desirous, as far as you properly can, to share the responsibility for acts Avhich you approve, I think you quite right in placing on record your opinion, and the grounds on which you have formed it. I think, also, that you are at liberty —or rather that it is your duty—to warn Her Majesty's Government of the state of public opinion in the Colony, and of the consequences which you yourself anticipate from any given line of policy, that on the one hand they may be fully possessed of your views, and, on the other, you may be discharged from all responsibility for a course of proceeding Avhich you disapprove. But I think that all this might have been done in a manner less open to observation. In the first place, I understand you, in reporting the opinions of the Colonists ) in this matter, to convey your own. I should have preferred that you had clone this directly, as it is important that there should be no confusion between the opinions which the Governor merely reports and those which he adopts and recommends. Next, I do not think that you clearly understand what has passed. Viewed as a matter of discipline, the question is one between the Lords of the Admiralty and the officer serving under them, and it was hardly within your province to examine the grounds of their Lordships' decision. You do so, however, and virtually apply to that decision the statement " that " the position of Imperial functionaries, whether Civil, Naval, or Military, placed " (as in New Zealand) at the distance of half the circumference of the globe from " England, will be rendered still more difficult than ever, if they are censured in- " stead of supported when they enforce on their subordinate officers obedience to the " orders of the Imperial departments under which they serve." Her Majesty's Government had determined to withdraw the 2-18 th Regiment from New Zealand, and had imposed on General Chute the responsibility of giving effect to their decision. The " Himalaya " being in Wellington, in pursuance of arrangements made by that officer, Commodore Lambert, who was fully cognizant of those arrangements, would not have been entitled to frustrate them with the object of enforcing obedience on the part of a subordinate to a telegram which, in General Chute's judgment, was not applicable to circumstances as they stood. I think, therefore, that your criticism is mistaken. If it had been correct I could have wished that it had been otherAAdse expressed. Treating the matter as one of general policy, you observe that it was useless for Commodore Lambert to consult the Governor or Military officers, because they could not tell him anything which he did not Iciioav already. But this, again, is to misapprehend the point of their Lordships' observation. In the absence of such consultation, it was not for Commodore Lambert to treat the question as one of general policy at all. If you or the Military officer in command had represented to him that, from recent circumstances, not within the knowledge of Her Majesty's Government or of General Chute, the removal of the troops would occasion great and immediate disaster to the Colony, it might have become his duty to take the responsibility of arresting their departure. Till he received such a representation, his duties Avere, in this respect, those of a senior Naval officer, having control over all the ships within his station, including troop-

A.—No. Ib,

ships, and bound to provide for the removal of troops when decided upon, but without authority to consider whether that removal was wise or not. Leaving this subject, I observe that when you wrote your Despatch you were aware that the question whether the 2-18 th Regiment should be retained in New Zealand was under the consideration of the Home Government. On that subject, as on others, it was, I repeat, your right and duty to give them sound advice and full information. But it was not necessary for this purpose, nor, I think, fitting, that in a public Despatch, written for another purpose, and still more in a letter addressed to a third person, you should reprobate in advance one of the alternatives presented for the adoption of Government, and, in fact, adopted by them, as " probably leading to a cruel and lingering war of races " —a disgrace alike to common humanity and. to British colonization;" —-as naturally productive of " results similar to those which would have followed the removal of " the last British soldier from Ireland in 1798 or from India in 1857;" and as discredited by the unanimous opinion of a long list of authorities in Europe and New Zealand, Avhich you describe as comprising " all those best qualified to form " an opinion on the subject." Such language, Avhile it is calculated to embarrass the Government which you serve, unless they adopt your vieAvs, is by no means necessary to exhibit either the grounds or the strength of your conviction on the matter upon which you are called upon to advise. I do not doubt that the course which you have adopted is that which you deem expedient for the public service, but I think you will see, on reflection, that it is not conducive to the best interests of the public service, or that harmony which I anxiously wish to see established and maintained between the Colony of which you are Governor and Her Majesty's Government. I have, &c, Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. GRANVILLE.

No. 19. Copy of a DESPATCH from the Right Hon. Earl Granville, KG., to Governor Sir G. E. Boaven, G.C.M.G. (No. 13.) Sir, —■ Downing Street, 28th January, 1870. I transmit to you, for your information, a copy of a correspondence with Sir George Grey relating to the non-publication, in Papers presented to Parliament, of certain correspondence with the War Office on the subject of Colonel Weare's allegations. I have, &c, Governor Sir G. E. Bowen, G.C.M.G. GRANVILLE.

CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE COLONIAL OFFICE AND THE WAR OFFICE. No. 1. Copy of a LETTER from the Hnder Secretary of State for War to the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. Sir,— War Office, 31st July, 1869. With reference to your letter of the 21st May last, on the subject of the disposal, on the Avithdrawal of the Imperial troops from the Colony, of lands granted to the War Department by the Government of New Zealand, I am directed by Mr. Secretary Cardwell to acquaint you, for Earl Granville's information, that the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury have approved of the transfer to the Colony of all lands held by the War Department from the Colonial Government, together with the buildings erected thereon; and instruc--17

65

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. Ib,

tions will accordingly be given to the General Officer Commanding at Melbourne to make arrangements for the transfer at an early date. I have, &c, The Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. H. K. STORKS.

No. 2. Copy of a LETTER from the Under Secretary of State for War to the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. Sir,— War Office, 9th August, 1869. With reference to the letter from this office, of 24th April last, enclosing copies of communications which had passed between this office and the General Officer Commanding the Troops in Australia, on the subject of the removal of the 2nd Battalion 18th Eoot from Nevr Zealand to Australia, I am directed by Mr. Secretary Cardwell to transmit to you, for the information of Earl Granville, the accompanying copy of a further Despatch which has been received from Sir T. Chute on tho subject. I have, &c., The Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. 11. K. STORKS.

Enclosure in No. 2. Major-General Sir Teevoe Chtjte to the TJndee Secbetaet of State for Wae. Sic,— Melbourne, 18th June, 1869. My letter of the 29th March, with enclosure, will have informed you that, in consequence of the action taken by Commodore Lambert, the " Himalaya " had returned from New Zealand without a wing of the 2-18 th Eegiment. I have now the honor (in acknowledging the receipt of your letter of the 23rd April, and enclosure) to state, for the information of the Right Honorable the Secretary of State for War, that in obedience with the instructions contained in the letter under acknowledgment, I have issued orders for the concentration of the 2-18 th Regiment at Auckland, prior to removal to Australia, for distribution amongst the Colonies ; and on the arrival of that regiment, the 2-14 th will be sent home. With regard to this distribution, I propose sending two companies, instead of one, to Tasmania, tho Government of Queensland not wishing Imperial troops to be stationed in that Colony. With regard to the 3rd paragraph of your letter, the option will be given to the men of the 2-14 th Regiment of volunteering to the 2-lSth Regiment, to the extent of raising the strength of the latter battalion to 790 rank and file. I have, &c, The Under Secretary of State for War. T. Chute, Major-General.

No. 3. Copy of a LETTER from Sir E. R. Sandpord to the Under Secretary of State for War. Sir, — Downing Street, 26th August, 1869. I am directed by Earl Granville to transmit to you, for the consideration of Mr. Secretary Cardwell, a copy of a Despatch from the Governor of New Zealand, with its enclosures, on the subject of the claims preferred by the Colonial Government on account of expenses incurred for the maintenance of Military prisoners in the Colonial gaols. I have, &c, The Under Secretary of State for War. E. R. SANEEORD.

No. 4. Copy of a LETTER from the Under Secretary of State for War to the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. Sir,— War Office, 29th September, 1869. I am directed by Mr. Secretary Cardwell to acquaint you, for the information of Earl Granville, that a telegram has been received at this office, from the Major-General Commanding in the Australian Colonies, dated Galle, sth

66

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—No. Is

September, announcing the detention in New Zealand of the 18th Regiment, in " consequence of increasing rebellion." I have, &c., The Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. EDWARD LUGARD.

No. 5. Copy of a LETTER from Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., to the Under Secretary of State for War. Sir,— DoAvning Street, 30th September, 1869. I am directed by Earl Granville to transmit to you, for the information of Mr. Secretary Cardwell, the enclosed copy of a telegram, received from the Governor of New Zealand, on the 11th instant, respecting the retention of the 2-18 th Regiment in the Colony, together with a copy of a telegram in answer, which was yesterday sent to New Zealand. I have, &c, The Under Secretary of State. EREDERIC ROGERS.

No. 6. Copy of a LETTER from the Under Secretary of State for War to the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. Sir,— War Office, 4th October, 1869. With reference to previous correspondence upon the subject of the withdraAval of troops from NeAV Zealand, I am directed by Mr. Secretary CardAvell to transmit to you, with a vieAV to their being laid before Earl Granville, the accompanying copies of a Despatch and its enclosures, which have been received from the Major-General Commanding the Troops in the Australian Colonies upon the subject. I have, &c, The Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. H. K. STORKS.

Enclosure 1 in No. 6. Sic, — Melbourne, 14th August, 1869. In acknowledging the receipt of your letter of the 21st May, with enclosure, and referring to my telegram of this day, I have the honor to state, for the information of the Eight Honorable the Secretary of State for War, that, with the view of carrying out my instructions for the withdrawal of the 2-18 th Eegiment from New Zealand, tenders for tonnage were called for at Auckland on the 19th July. On the 4th August, however, Despatches were received from the Governor of New Zealand (copies herewith), with enclosures from the Colonial Government, representing the alarming state of affairs, and urging upon me " the disasters which the removal of the regiment would, in all probability, occasion." Further, the Colonial Government agree "to pay whatever sum the Imperial Government may " choose to impose as the condition of the temporary detention of the 18th Eegiment." Under these circumstances, 1 have consented to retain the Eegiment, pending further instructions, which I trust will meet the approval of the Secretary of State for War. I have, &c, The Under-Secretary of State, War Office. T. Chute, Major-General. P.S.—Dr. Peatherston, the Superintendent of the Province of Wellington, has arrived here, having been deputed by the New Zealand Government, at the desire of His Excellency the Governor, to urge upon me the imminent danger of a rising in the Waikato, and the necessity of the retention of the 18th Eegiment, and to furnish me with any information I might require. A copy of the letter of instructions to that gentleman is attached. T. C.

Sic,— Melbourne, 9th August, 1869. Adverting to that part of your Excellency's letter of the 19th ultimo, in which you observe that I afforded no information as to the exact periods at which the detachments and head-quarters, 2-18 th Eegiment, would be finally withdrawn from New Zealand, and requesting to be furnished with this information at my earliest convenience, so as to enable the Colonial Government to take steps for replacing them, I have the honor to acquaint you that, at this distance, it was impossible for me to

67

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. 1b

have given you the desired information, inasmuch as the embarkation of the several detachments, &c, was dependent, in a great measure, on the action taken by the Senior Naval Officer. I therefore instructed the Commandant to place himself in communication with your Excellency on the subject. I have, &c, T. Chute, Major-General. His Excellency the Governor.

Sic, — Government House, Wellington, New Zealand, 23rd July, 1869. In continuation of my letters of the 30th ultimo, and of the 19th instant, I have the honor to inform you that I have this day been requested by my Eesponsible Advisers to transmit for your consideration a Ministerial Memorandum, with printed copies of telegrams attached to it, and also a second Memorandum, with appended to it certain Eesolutions passed almost unanimously last night by both Houses of the New Zealand Parliament, respecting the 2nd Battalion 18th Eegiment. I am further requested to inform you that the Superintendent of Wellington, Dr. Eeatherston, who accompanied you on your West Coast campaign, is about to proceed to Melbourne, and has been deputed by the Ministry of this Colony to furnish you with any explanations which you may require concerning the enclosed papers and the present state of New Zealand. It will be seen that the Colonial Parliament has now pledged itself to " pay such sum as the " Imperial Government may require for the time the troops are detained until its decision is made " known." As you already know, no control or discretion whatsoever has been left to me in the matter of the removal of the 2nd Battalion 18th Eegiment, and the instructions of Her Majesty's Government have placed it beyond my power to take any action or to exercise any responsibility in the matter. I have told the Ministers that lam not aware if any discretionary powers have been left to you. There can be no doubt that the North Island of New Zealand is in a very critical position, and that there is a strong probability of a general rising of the disaffected Natives after the entire removal of the troops. I have, &c, Major-General Sir T. Chute, K.C.B. G. P. Bowen.

Sic,— Wellington, 23rd July, 1869. I have the honor, by desire of His Excellency Sir George Bowen, to request that you will proceed to Melbourne, in order to lay before General Sir Trevor Chute, X.C.8., the imminent danger that exists of a Native rising in Waikato, with a view to prevailing upon that officer to undertake the responsibility of detaining the 18th Eegiment in New Zealand until the position of affairs in the Colony can again be laid before the Imperial Government. I have, &c, His Honor I. E. Peatherston. William Pox.

Sic, — Government House, Wellington, New Zealand, 19th July, 1869. With reference to your letter to me of the 17th, and to my reply of the 30th ultimo, respecting the removal of the 2nd Battalion 18th Eegiment from New Zealand, I have the honor, at the request of my Eesponsiblo Advisers, the Ministers of this Colony, to transmit the enclosed copy of a Memorandum since laid before me by them, and of which I have also sent copies to the Secretary of State for the Colonies and to Commodore Lambert. Tou will, of course, understand that I forward this Memorandum to you simply for your information. I have stated to the Colonial Ministers that no control or discretion whatsoever has been left to me in tho matter of the removal of tho 2nd Battalion 18th Eegiment; that lam not aware if any discretion has been left to you; and that, at all events, the final instructions for the removal have been sent, not to the Governor, but to the Major-General Commanding, acting in concert with tho Senior Naval Officer. In your letter of the 17th ultimo, you acquainted me that you had already issued the necessary orders for carrying out the instructions of Her Majesty's Government respecting the battalion still in New Zealand, but you gave me no information as to the exact periods at which the detachments now garrisoning the chief towns in the disturbed districts (that is, Wanganui, Taranaki, and Napier), and the head-quarters of the regiment at Auckland, will be finally withdrawn. I request that you will favour me with this information at your earliest convenience after making the necessary arrangements, so that the Colonial Government may be enabled to take steps for replacing (so far as may be found practicable) Her Majesty's troops with detachments of the local forces. I have, &c, Major-General Sir T. Chute, K.C.B. G. E. Bowen.

Memoeanduh by Mr. Eox. Wellington, 6th July, 1869. Ministees beg to thank His Excellency for communicating to them the letter received by him from General Sir T. Chute, informing him that orders have been issued by that officer directing that the detachments of Her Majesty's 18th Eegiment, now distributed at several centres of population in New Zealand, shall be immediately massed at Auckland for the purpose of their removal without delay from the Colony. Ministers have received this information with the deepest regret. The Colony is in a condition of imminent peril, and it is the duty of Ministers to advise His Excellency that the removal of the troops may result in very serious disasters in the North Island, and the lives of many of Her Majesty's subjects may be sacrificed.

68

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—No. Ib.

The successes, if such they may be called, obtained during the last few months, have been partial and local, and have been gained over rebels who represented comparatively small sections of the disaffected Maori community. The King party, and the tribes under its influence, have hitherto, except as far as individuals are concerned, held aloof from the struggle. The progress of operations conducted by the late Government has, however, been in the direction of the King country, and, at tho time of the present Ministry taking office, a week ago, had actually reached its verge. The result is a very excited state amongst that section of the Native population, and reported threats on their part. The rebel chiefs who are engaged in open hostilities, are understood at this moment to be personally urging on the King and his immediate adherents the expediency of joining them. The pecuniary resources of the Colony are quite inadequate to continuing the struggle at the present rate of expenditure, and the immediate reduction of the local forces appears inevitable. Including the provision which the Assembly is about making for meeting the liabilities which will have to bo satisfied during the next few weeks, the floating local debt of the Colony, in short-dated obligations, will amount to nearly half a million besides the loan liabilities. Clearly an expenditure in excess of revenue in reliance upon local loans cannot be continued. Still, if no new phase of the question arises, the Colony hopes to hold its own until its position can be again fully laid before the Imperial Government, unless, by the removal of the troops, fresh encouragement is given to tho rebels to commit acts of aggression. The Natives are known to have been anxiously watching the action of the Imperial Government in reference to the removal of the troops. So long as a single regiment remains, they are impressed with the belief that the Queen has not abandoned the Colony; but they have often said, " Wait till the tide is out," meaning till the last soldier leaves the Colony. When that event takes place, a direct encouragement will be given to rebel Natives to commit further acts of hostility, the loyal Natives will be greatly disheartened, and an impression will be produced amongst all classes of Natives that they may choose their own time for involving the Colony in a war of races. A force far larger than was ever contemplated by those who projected the system of self-reliance has been employed during the past year, at a cost which the Colony is utterly unablo to continue, while the results have been only partial local successes, to a great extent counterbalanced by reverses. The prospect of peace, in the opinion of Ministers, materially depends upon the retention of the small body of Imperial troops in the Colony, as an assurance to tho hesitating King party that the Colony is not finally and absolutely deserted by the Imperial Government. Ministers deem it their duty to represent to His Excellency these very gravo circumstances, so full of peril to the lives of Her Majesty's subjects in this Colony, and to express their earnest trust that His Excellency will be able, consistently with his duty to the Imperial Government, to take such steps as will delay the departure from the Colony of Her Majesty's 18th Eegiment until the Home Government has again been communicated with on this subject. The last paragraph of the Duke of Buckingham's Despatch No. 127, of the Ist December ultimo, clearly indicates that such a responsibility might devolve on His Excellency. Ministers aro prepared to ask the Assembly to make provision by Act for paying the troops according to the rate demanded by the Imperial Government. Por His Excellency the Governor. William Pox.

No. 7. Copy of a LETTER from Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G., to the Under Secretary of State for War. Sir,— Downing Street, 7th October, 1869. I am directed by Earl Granville to acknoAvledge the receipt of your letter of the 4th instant, in which you enclose the copy of a Despatch from Sir Trevor Chute, informing the Secretary of State for War that he has postponed the withdrawal of the 2-18 th Regiment from New Zealand. I enclose, with a copy of the answer which has been returned to it, the copy of a Despatch from Sir G. Bowen, reporting that he had transmitted, without any favourable recommendation on his part, to Sir T. Chute, an application for this postponement made by the two Houses of the General Assembly, and transmitting various documents which conveyed a request that the Regiment might be alloAved to remain in the Colony. Tou are aware that this request had already reached Lord Granville in a Telegraphic Despatch from the Governor, but that Her Majesty's Government had not felt at liberty to accede to it. Lord Granville has been unable to give any different answer to the application now more formally made to him, and he directs me to request that you will move \ Mr. Secretary CardweH to instruct Sir T. Chute to give effect without delay, and whatever communications he may receive from any quarter, to the instructions which he has received to remove the 2-18 th Regiment from New Zealand. I have, &c, The Under Secretary of State for War. EREDERIC ROGERS. 18

69

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. 1b

70

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

No. 8. Copy of a LETTER from Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G., to the Under Secretary of State for War. Sir, — Downing Street, Bth October, 1869. With reference to your letter of the 23rd of March last, sanctioning the appointment of Captain Young, 2nd Battalion 18th Regiment, as Acting Military Secretary to the Governor of New Zealand during the continuance of the present warlike operations in New Zealand, I am directed by Earl Granville to transmit to you, for the consideration of Mr. Secretary Cardwell, a copy of a Despatch from Sir George Bowen, reporting the employment of Captain Young on duty in the Waikato District. Lord Granville would be glad to be enabled to inform the Governor that the employment of Captain Young on this service has met Avith the approval of the Secretary of State for War. I have, &c, The Under Secretary of State for War. EREDERIC ROGERS.

No. 9. Copy of a LETTER from the Under Secretary of State for War to Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G. Sir,— War Office, 12th October, 1869. Referring to your letters of the 7th and 9th instant, enclosing copy of a Despatch Avhich Earl Granville had addressed to Governor Sir George BoAven, relative to the application of the two Houses of the General Assembly of New Zealand for the postponement of the withdrawal, from that Colony, of the 2nd Battalion 18th Regiment, I am directed by Mr. Secretary CardAvell to transmit for his Lordship's information the accompanying copy of the instructions which have been despatched to the Major-General Commanding the Troops in the Australian Colonies upon the subject. I have, &c, Sir E. Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G. EDWARD LUGARD.

Enclosure in No. 9. Sic,— War Office, Bth October, 1869. I am directed by Mr. Secretary Cardwell to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of tho 14th August last, and its enclosures, reporting that, upon the representations of the Governor of New Zealand, you had consented to retain, pending further instructions, the 2nd Battalion 18th Eegiment ia that Colony. In reply, I am to state to you that Her Majesty's Government have had under their consideration the Despatches which the last mail has brought from Sir George Bowen, conveying an application (previously received by telegraph) from the two Houses of the General Assembly of New Zealand that tho regiment might be allowed to remain in that Colony. I am to enclose, for your information, a copy of the Despatch which has been addressed by Earl Granville to Governor Bowen upon the subject, and to convey to you Mr. Cardwell's directions that you will, without delay, and notwithstanding whatever communications you may receive from any quarter, give effect to the instructions which you have received for the removal of the 2nd Battalion 18th Regiment from New Zealand. I have, &c, Major-General Sir T. Chute, K.C.B. Edwaed Ltjoaed.

No. 10. Copy of a LETTER from the Under Secretary of State for War to Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G. Sir,— War Office, 20th October, 1869. I am directed by Mr. Secretary Cardwell to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the Bth instant, enclosing the copy of a Despatch from the Governor of New Zealand, reporting the employment of Captain Young, on duty in the Waikato District.

A.—No. Ib.

In reply, I am to request that you will state to Earl Granville that, as the services of Captain Young were placed at the disposal of the Governor during the continuance of warlike operations, Mr. CarclAvell sees no objection to his employment in the manner reported by Sir George Bowen; but Mr. Cardwell presumes that, as the 2nd Battalion 18th Eoot is about to be withdrawn, Captain Young will rejoin his regiment. I have, &c, Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G. EDWARD LUGARD.

No. 11. Copy of a LETTER from Sir E. R. Sandpord, to the Under Secretary of State for War. Sir, — Downing Street, 23rd October, 1869. I am directed by Earl Granville to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 20th instant, authorizing the employment of Captain Young on duty in the Waikato District in New Zealand, but observing that Mr. Cardwell presumes that Captain Young will rejoin his regiment on its being withdrawn from the Colony. Lord Granvflle desires me state that he did not understand by your letter of the 23rd of March that Captain Young's appointment as Acting Military Secretary to the Governor of New Zealand was to terminate on the withdrawal of the 2-18 th Regiment, but that he might be retained by the Governor during the continuance of the present Avarlike operations against the rebel Maoris. There is no immediate prospect of these operations being brought to a close, and Lord Granville would be glad to be informed Avhether this view is correct before writing to the Governor on your present letter. I have, &c, The Under Secretary of State for War. E. R. SANDEORD.

No. 12. Copy of a LETTER from the Under Secretary of State for War to Sir E. R. Sandford. Sir,— War Office, 28th October, 1869. In reply to your letter of the 23rd instant, upon the subject of the employment in NeAV Zealand of Captain Young, 2nd Battalion 18th Regiment, I am directed to acquaint you, for the information of Earl Granville, that should his Lordship consider it desirable that the services of this officer should be continued in the Colony after the withdraAval of his regiment, Mr. Cardwell has no objection to offer to his retention, but only for so long a time as the present operations against the Maoris may continue. I have, &c, Sir E. R. Sandford. EDWARD LUGARD.

No. 13. Copy of a LETTER from the Under Secretary of State for War to the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. Sir,— War Office, 2nd November, 1869. I am directed by Mr. Secretary Cardwell to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 26th August last, respecting the claim preferred by the Colonial Government of New Zealand on account of expenses incurred in the maintenance of Military prisoners in Colonial gaols during the period from the Ist January, 1864, to the Ist April, 1869. In reply, I am directed to inform you that Mr. Secretary CardAvell has been in communication with the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury on the subject, and that the sum of £1,617 13s. 10d., being the amount (£1,682

71

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. Ib.

13s. 4d.) claimed by the Colony, less the sum of £64 19s. 6d. for supply of medicines and surgical instruments, has noAV been placed to the credit of the Colony in their accounts with this office. I have, &c, The Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. NORTHBROOK.

No. 14. Copy of a LETTER from Sir E. R. Sandford to the Under Secretary of State for War. Sir, — Downing Street, sth November, 1869. In answer to your letter of the 28th ultimo, I am directed by Earl Granville to request that you will inform Mr. Secretary CardAvell that his Lordship thinks that it would be desirable that the Governor of New Zealand should be alloAved to retain the services of Captain Young during the continuance of the present warlike operations against the Maoris. I have, &c, The Under Secretary of State for War. E. R. SANDEORD.

No. 15. Copy of a LETTER from Sir E. R. Sandford to the Under Secretary of State for War. Sir, — Downing Street, sth November, 1869. I am directed by Earl Granville to transmit to you, for the information of Mr. Secretary Cardwell, an extract of a Despatch from the Governor of New Zealand, forwarding copies of Resolutions adopted by the Legislative Council and by the Assembly of New Zealand, containing an expression of their thanks to Major-General Sir Trevor Chute for undertaking the responsibility of retaining in the Colony, pending a reference to Her Majesty's GoA rernment, the 2nd Battalion of the 18th Regiment. I have, &c, The Under Secretary of State for War. E. R. SANDEORD.

No. 16. Copy of a LETTER from Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G., to the Under Secretary of State for War. Sir, — Downing Street, 11th November, 1869. I am directed by Earl Granville to transmit to you the copy of a Despatch from the Governor of New Zealand respecting the proposed employment of non-commissioned officers and men discharged from the Army in the Colonies. I have, &c, The Under Secretary of State for War. EREDERIC ROGERS.

No. 17. Copy of a LETTER from the Under Secretary of State for War to Sir E. R. Sandford. Sir,— War Office, 19th November, 1869. With reference to your letter of the sth instant, I am directed by Mr. Secretary Cardwell to acquaint you, for the information of Earl Granville, that Major-General Sir Trevor Chute has been instructed by H.R.H. the Eield-Marshal Commanding in Chief to allow Captain Young, 2nd Battalion 18th Regiment of Eoot, to continue in the post of Acting Military Secretary to the Governor of New Zealand, during the continuance of Avarlike operations in the Colony, notwithstanding the withdraAval of his regiment therefrom. I have, &c, Sir F. R. Sandford, &c, &c. EDWARD LUGARD.

72

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—No. It

No. 18. Copy of a LETTER from Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G., to the Under Secretary of State for War. Sir, — Downing Street, sth January, 1870. I am directed by Earl Granville to transmit to you, to be laid before Mr. Secretary Cardwell, a copy of a letter which his Lordship has received from Sir George Grey. With reference to Colonel Weare's statements, quoted by Sir George Grey as having been confidentially received by this office and assumed by him to be correct, Lord Granville is informed that the substance of those statements was at once communicated officially to the Civil and Military authorities in New Zealand, and that when Colonel Weare was called on to substantiate them, he withdrew them. The " evidence " of the truth of those statements, said by Sir George Grey to have been " offered to be furnished" to the Colonial Office, consisted in the statements thus withdrawn by the officer who made them. With regard to the words "so far as the Colonial Office has permitted it (the correspondence) to be made public," Lord Granville is informed that every Paper officially communicated to this department has been printed for Parliament. I have, &c, The Under Secretary of State for War. EREDERIC ROGERS.

No. 19. Copy of a LETTER from Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G., to the Under Secretary of State for War. Sir, — Downing Street, 7th January, 1870. I am directed by Earl Granville to transmit to you, for the consideration of Mr. Secretary Cardwell, a copy of a Despatch from the Governor of New Zealand, with its enclosures, showing the gallant service performed by Cornet Angus Smith, of the Colonial forces, formerly Colour-Sergeant in the 93rd Highlanders. Lord Granville will be glad if Mr. Cardwell should feel at liberty, under the circumstances represented, to direct a re-issue to Cornet Smith of his Crimean and Turkish medals. I have, &c, The Under Secretary of State for War. EREDERIC ROGERS.

No. 20. Copy of a LETTER from Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G., to the Under Secretary of State for War. Sir, — Downing Street, 7th January, 1870. With reference to your letter of 31st July last, and to previous correspondence respecting the disposal, on the withdrawal of the Imperial troops from New Zealand, of lands granted to the War Department by the Government of that Colony, I am directed by Earl Granville to transmit to you, for the consideration of Mr. Secretary Cardwell, a copy of a Despatch from the Governor, in answer to the Despatch in which the contents of your letter of 31st July were communicated to him. I have, &c, The Under Secretary of State for War. EREDERIC ROGERS.

No. 21. Copy of a LETTER from the Under Secretary of State for War to the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. Sir,— War Office, 13th January, 1870. With reference to the letter from the Assistant Under Secretary of State for the Colonies of the 29th ultimo, and its enclosures, relative to the proposed 19

73

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. 1b

extension of the grant of the New Zealand Medal to the Local or Volunteer forces employed against the Maoris, I am directed by Mr. Secretary Cardwell to acquaint you, for Earl Granville's information, that Her Majesty has been pleased to approve that, in compliance Avith the Avishes of the Colonial Government, the medai may be granted to such of the Colonial forces and Eriendly Natives actually under fire, or otherwise conspicuous for distinguished service in the field, as were employed in the several operations for which the medal has been granted to the Regular Army, and survived at the date of the General Order notifying Her Majesty's intention to confer it; and Mr. John Morrison, the Agent for the Colonial Government in London, has been requested to place himself in communication with the R-oyal Mint as to the cost of providing the 5,000 medals applied for, and the machine for stamping them, to be paid for by the New Zealand Government, and also as to the cost of sending them out ; it being understood that the medal is to be given Avithin the limits prescribed by the General Order. Mr. Morrison has also been informed that, should the number of medals applied for prove to be more than sufficient, the surplus is to be returned to this country, and the cost of them accounted for. I have, &c, The Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. EDWARD LUGARD.

No. 22. Copy of a LETTER from the Under Secretary of State for War to the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. Sir,— War Office, 20th January, 1870. With reference to my letter of the 13th instant, relative to the extension of the grant of the NeAV Zealand Medal to the Local or Volunteer forces employed against the Maoris, I am directed by Mr. Secretary Cardwell to transmit to you, for Earl Granville's information, a copy of a letter Avhich has been received from Mr. John Morrison, the Agent of the Colony, on the subject. I have, &c, The Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. EDWARD LUGARD.

Enclosure in No. 22. Office of the New Zealand Government Agency, Sic, — 3, Adelaide Place, King William Street, E.G., 15th January, 1870. I havo to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the number and date as per margin, transmitting copies of a letter, and of its enclosures, from the Colonial Office, on the subject of the proposed grant of the New Zealand Medal to tho Local or Volunteer forces employed against the Maoris, and in consequence of Her Majesty having been pleased to approve of the grant of the medal to such of them as survived at tho date of the General Order, directing me to communicate with the Eoyal Mint as to the cost of providing the 5,000 medals applied for, and the machine for stamping them. In reply, I have the honor to state that immediately your instructions were received, an application was made to the Deputy Master of the Mint for the information, and, on behalf of tho Government of New Zealand, I beg to state that I shall be prepared to defray the cost of the medals and the machine. The Deputy Master has been requested to inform me the earliest date upon which the medals and the machine can be ready for transmission to tho Colony; for, if the package be not of great weight or size, I would seek to send them to the Government of New Zealand by the overland mail of next week. I have, &c, The Under Secretary of State for War. John Moeeison.

13th Jan., 1870.

No. 23. Copy of a LETTER from the Under Secretary of State for War to the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. Sir,— War Office, Bth Eebruary, 1870. Having laid before Mr. Secretary Cardwell your letter of the 7th ultimo, with the copy of a Despatch from the Governor of New Zealand, and its enclosures, relative to the gallant services performed by Cornet Angus Smith, of

74

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—No. Ib.

the Colonial forces, formerly Colour-Serjeant in the 93rd Highlanders, I am directed to transmit to you a neAV medal which Mr. Cardwell has caused to be prepared, and also a Turkish medal, to replace those which were taken from Mr. Angus Smith when he fell into the hands of the Maoris; and lam to request you will move Earl Granville to cause these medals to be forwarded to Sir George Bowen, with a view to their delivery to Mr. Angus Smith. I have, &c, The Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. EDWARD LUGARD.

CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE COLONIAL OFFICE AND THE ADMIRALTY. No. 1. Copy of a LETTER from the Secretary to the Admiralty to Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G. Sir,— Admiralty, 16th July, 1869. I am commanded by my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to send you hereAvith, for the information of Earl Granville, a copy of a letter from Commodore Lambert, dated the 10th May, No. 40, respecting the state of affairs in New Zealand. I am, &c, Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G. VERNON LUSHINGTON.

Enclosure in No. 1. Sic,— H.M.S. " Challenger," at Auckland, 10th May, 18G9. I beg to acquaint you, for tho information of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, that great uneasiness still exists in this Colony, owing to the present unsettled state of affairs. 2. Te Kooti having again appeared on the East Coast, Colonel Whitmoro has removed his forces round from the West Coast, and is now concentrating at Taupo, to be in readiness to move to any point where the Hauhaus may appear. Last month they attacked and destroyed apa near Arokaka, in the Hawke's Bay District, but effected their escape before the Colonial troops could be brought to the spot; and it is now uncertain where they are, or where they may next appear. 3. Titokowaru, on the West Coast, who, on the evacuation of his pa at Nukumaru, in Pebruary, returned to the bush, has been reported as having appeared in the neighbourhood of Patea since the departure of Colonel Whitmore, bat no reliable information has been obtained relative to his movements. 4«. On the other hand, at a large meeting of the King's party at the Waikato, they expressed themselves as friendly towards Europeans and declared against war in their district. I am, &c, The Secretary to the Admiralty. E. Lambeet, Commodore and Senior Officer.

No. 2. Copy of a LETTER from the Secretary to the Admiralty to Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G. Sir, — Admiralty, 11th September, 1869. I am commanded by my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to transmit, for the information of Earl Granville, extracts from a letter of Commodore Lambert, dated 9th July, No. 66, relative to the Maori disturbances in the neighbourhood of Tauranga, NeAV Zealand. I am, &c, Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G. VERNON LUSHINGTON.

Enclosure in No. 2. Extracts from Commodore Lambeet, 9th July, 1869, No. 66. " Vieago " arrived at Tauranga from Auckland on the 4th June, to remain there for the present, in compliance with an urgent request from the Governor, in consequence of the place being threatened by the rebel Maoris. When Commander Bingham considers it safe to leave Tauranga, he is to proceed to visit Poverty Bay, Wairoa, Mohaka, and Napier, on being relieved by tho " Rosario."

75

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. 1b

" Virago " will assist in transporting the 2nd Battalion 18th Eegiment from New Zealand to Australia. Great uneasiness still prevails, particularly on the East Coast and in the neighbourhood of Tauranga, but at this season of the year the Maoris do not usually carry on active operations.

No. 3. Copy of a LETTER from the Secretary to the Admiralty to the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. Sir, — Admiralty, 28th September, 1869. I am commanded by my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to transmit to you, for the information of Earl Granville, the accompanying copy of a letter from the Horse Guards, stating that the 2nd Battalion 18th Eoot has been detained in New Zealand in consequence of the rebellion increasing, and that the 2nd Battalion 14th Eoot will not be sent from Australia to England until relieved by the 18th Regiment from NeAV Zealand. I am, &c, JOHN HENRY BRIGGS. The Under Secretary of State, Colonial Office.

Enclosure in No. 3. Sic,— Horse Guards, S.W., 13th September, 1869. In reference to your letter of the 11th instant, M, notifying that H.M.S. " Virago " would assist in transporting the 2nd Battalion 18th Eoot from New Zealand to Australia, I am instructed by the Pield Marshal Commandimg in Chief to state that the following telegram has been received from. Major-General Chute, announcing the detention in New Zealand of the above battalion, namely :— " Galle, sth September. " Prom Major-General Chute to TJndeb Secbetaet of State for Was. "Eighteenth; Eegiment detained in New Zealand, in consequence of increasing rebellion." It may be observed the 2nd Battalion 14th Poot will not be sent from Australia to England until relieved by the 2nd Battalion 18th Eoot from New Zealand. I have, &c, The Secretary to the Admiralty. H. H. Gliitoed, Colonel, D.Q.M.G.

No. 4. Copy of a LETTER from Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G., to the Secretary to the Admiralty. Sir, — Downing Street, 30th September, 1869. I am directed by the Earl Granville to transmit to you, for the information of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, the enclosed copy of a telegram received from the Governor of New Zealand on the 11th, respecting the retention of the 2-18 th Regiment in the Colony, together with a copy of a telegram Avhich was yesterday sent to New Zealand. I am, &c., The Secretary to the Admiralty. EREDERIC ROGERS.

No. 5. Copy of a LETTER from Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G., to the Secretary to the Admiralty. Sir, — Downing Street, 7th October, 1869. With reference to the letter from this office of the 30th ultimo, enclosing copies of a telegram Avhich had been received from the Governor of New Zealand, together with a copy of the answer which was returned to it, respecting the removal of the 18th Regiment, I am directed by Earl Granville to submit to you, for the information of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, a copy of a letter which his Lordship has addressed on this subject to the Secretary of State for War. I have, &c, The Secretary to the Admiralty. EREDERIC ROGERS.

76

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—No. IS

No. 6. Copy of a LETTER from the Secretary to the Admiralty to the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. Sir,— Admiralty, 9th October, 1869. I am commanded by my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to transmit herewith, for the information of the Secretary of State for the Colonies, copy of a letter from Commodore Lambert, dated the 6th August, No. 80, relative to the state of affairs in NeAV Zealand, and the movements of H.M. ships on the coasts of that Colony. I have, &c, VERNON LUSHINGTON. The Under Secretary of State for the Colonies.

Enclosure in No. 6. Sic,— H.M.S. " Challenger," at Wellington, 6th August, 1869. I have the honor to acquaint you, for the information of the Lords Commissioners of tho Admiralty, that I proceeded, in H.M.S. " Challenger," to Picton, on the 20th July, and returned to Wellington on the evening of the 23rd. It is my intention to remain at Wellington, visiting occasionally different ports along the coast, until the return of H.M.S. " Blanche." 2. I have not received any news from H.M.S. " Blanche" since she left Auckland, on Ist July, for the Samoan Islands, to proceed from thence to Sydney, and, after refitting, &c, to rejoin me at Wellington, to assume duties as Senior Officer on New Zealand Division, as reported in my last General Letter, No. 66, of the 9th ultimo. 3. " Virago," East Coast of New Zealand. By lightening the ship, Commander Bingham was enabled to cross the bar and anchor close to the town of Tauranga, great apprehension being felt there in consequence of the place being threatened by the rebel Maoris. On being relieved by " Eosario," " Virago" will assist in transporting the 2-18 th Eegiment from New Zealand to Australia. 4. " Eosario," at Sydney. Commander Palmer informs me, under date the 19th ultimo, that the schooner "Daphne" was still in tho Vice-Admiralty Court, and that as the proceedings were progressing very slowly, it would be impossible to say when the case will bo concluded. I have directed Commander Palmer, as soon as ever he can leave Sydney, to join me at Wellington, and " Eosario" will then relieve " Virago" on the East Coast of New Zealand. 5. Great uneasiness still prevails in New Zealand, owing to tho unsettled state of affairs. Eecently, Te Kooti proceeded to the Waikato District, but it is reported the Maori King declined to see him, and that he is now on his way back to the Past Coast. His Excellency the Governor has, at the request of his Eesponsiblo Advisers, represented to me " how exceedingly desirable and necessary " the presence in New Zealand of one or more of H.M. vessels is at a time of such critical emergency;" and I have, in reply, informed His Excellency that, " during the present unsettled state of affairs, it is V my intention to keep two ships at least, and more, if necessary, out of the small squadron under my " orders, stationed in New Zealand, for the protection of life and property in this Colony." 6. With reference to paragraph 6 of my last General Letter No. 66, of 9th ultimo, the same inconvenience regarding the mails therein alluded to occurs this month, the outgoing mail leaving to-morrow, and the mail from England being due on the 11th. 7. The squadron is perfectly healthy. I am, &c, Eowiet Lambeet, Commodore and Senior Officer. P.S.—His Excellency the Governor of New Zealand having informed me that the Colonial Ministers are very desirous of retaining the Imperial troops now stationed in the Colony, and with that view His Excellency has telegraphed to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, and written to Major-General Chute, requesting him not to remove the 18th Eegiment until an answer can be received to the telegraph, I enclose, for their Lordships' information, copy of an Act just passed by the New Zealand Parliament, making provision for the payment of such troops. Eowlet Lambeet. The Secretary to the Admiralty.

No. 7. Copy of a LETTER from the Secretary to the Admiralty to the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. Sir,— Admiralty, 9th October, 1869. With reference to your letter of the 7th instant, relative to the removal of the 18th Regiment from New Zealand, I am commanded by my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to acquaint you, for the information of the Secretary of State for the Colonies, that a copy of your letter has been sent to Commodore Lambert for his information, and he has been desired to afford every facdity in his 20

77

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. 1b

power, by the employment of men-of-war and by the engagement of freight, to effect the removal of the 18th Regiment, whenever he may be called upon to do so by the authorities in New Zealand or Australia. I am, &c, The Under Secretary of State. , VERNON LUSHINGTON.

No. 8. Copy of a LETTER from Sir Erancis Sandeord to the Secretary to the Admiralty. Sip,— Downing Street, 23rd October, 1869. I am directed by Earl Granville to acknowledge the receipt of your two letters of the 9th instant, relating respectively to the proceedings of H.M. ships on the coasts of New Zealand, and to the instructions sent to Commodore Lambert respecting the removal of the 18th Regiment. Lord Granville observes with satisfaction that the Commodore is giving as much assistance as he can in the present disturbed state of New Zealand, by retaining in the neighbourhood of the Colony a portion of the squadron under his command. He desires me to state that, although he anticipates the occurrence of no such calamity as would be likely to require material aid from H.M. ships, yet that in any case the presence of vessels of war at the time of the withdraAval of the troops will have a good moral effect on the minds of the disaffected Maoris. I have, &c, The Secretary to the Admiralty. E. R. SANDEORD.

No. 9. Copy of a LETTER from the Secretary to the Admiralty to the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. Sir,— Admiralty, Ist November, 1869. I am commanded by my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to send you herewith, for the information of Earl Granville, copy of a letter from Commodore Lambert, No. 85, dated 24th August, with copies of communications from that officer to the Speakers of the Legislative Council and House of Representatives, New Zealand, relative to Votes of Thanks passed on the 18th August for the co-operation afforded by H.M. ships during the late disturbances in the Colony. I am, &c, The Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. VERNON LUSHINGTON.

Enclosure 1 in No. 9. Sic,— H.M.S. " Challenger," Wellington, 24th August, 1869. I beg to transmit herewith, to be laid before the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, copies of letters from the Speakers of the Legislative Council and House of Eopresentatives of New Zealand, forwarding votes of thanks passed unanimously, on the 18th instant, to myself and the officers of the squadron under my command, for the cordial co-operation which has been afforded to tho Colony, and for the active sympathy which has been evinced towards the Colonists, during the existing Native disturbances. 2. I also transmit, to be laid before their Lordships, copies of my replies. 3. I have promulgated these votes of thanks for the information of the officers of the squadron under my command. I have, &c, The Secretary to the Admiralty E. Lambeet, Commodore.

Enclosure 2 in No. 9. Sic,— H.M.S. " Challenger," Wellington, 24th August, 1869. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 18th instant, forwarding to me, and to the officers of the squadron under my orders, a Eesolution passed on that day, conveying the thanks of tho Legislative Council for the cordial co-operation which has been afforded to the Colony, and for the active sympathy which has been evinced towards the Colonists, during the existing Native disturbances.

78

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—No. Ib.

It has been a source of great gratification to me to receive this mark of the appreciation of the Legislative Council of such assistance as it has been in my power to render during the Native disturbances, and I shall have much pleasure in making known to the officers of the squadron the Eesolution forwarded by you. I have, &c, The Hon. J. Eichardson, E. Lambeet, Commodore. Speaker of the Legislative Council.

Enclosure 3 in No. 9. Sic,— H.M.S. " Challenger, Wellington, 24th August, 1869. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of yesterday, forwarding a vote of thanks to myself and the officers of the squadron under my command, passed unanimously by the House of Eepresentatives on the 18th instant. It has been a source of great gratification to me to receive this mark of the appreciation of the House of Eepresentatives of such assistance as it has been in my power to render during the Native disturbances, and I shall have much pleasure in making known to the officers of the squadron the Eesolution forwarded by you. I have, Ac, Eowley Lambeet, Commodore and Senior Officer.

No. 10. Copy of a LETTER from the Secretary to the Admiralty to the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. Sir, — Admiralty, Ist November, 1869. I am commanded by my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to transmit to you, for the information of the Secretary of State for the Colonies, the enclosed extract from a letter from Commodore Lambert, dated the Bth September last (90), relative to the state of affairs in New Zealand. I have, &c, VERNON LUSHINGTON. The Under Secretary of State for the Colonies.

Enclosure in No. 10. Exteact from a Lettee, dated tho Bth September, 1869, from Commodoee Lambeet. H.M.S. " Challenger," Sydney. " No change had taken place in the state of affairs in New Zealand up to the date of my departure (25th August). " Confidence was a little restored by Major-General Sir T. Chute having sanctioned the retention of the 18th Eegiment in the Colony, pending a reference to the Imperial Government; seeing this reassurance on the part of the Colonists, and knowing that' Blanche ' and ' Eosario ' would not be long before arriving in New Zealand, I was induced to leave before the arrival of ' Blanche,' the ' Challenger' requiring to be docked for a leak in the sternpost and to be caulked outside."

No. 11. Copy of a LETTER from Sir E. R. Sandford to the Secretary to the Admiralty. gnt 3 — Downing Street, sth November, 1869. I am directed by Earl Granville to transmit to you, for the information of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, extracts of a Despatch from the Governor of New Zealand, forwarding copies of Resolutions adopted by the Legislative Council and by the Assembly of New Zealand, containing an expression of their thanks to Commodore Lambert and to the officers of the squadron on the coast of the Colony, for the cordial co-operation they have afforded during the Native disturbances. I have, &c, The Secretary to the Admiralty. E. R. SANDEORD.

79

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. Ib.

No. 12. Copy of a LETTER from the Secretary to the Admiralty to Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G. Sir, — Admiralty, Ist December, 1869. I am commanded by my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to transmit, for the information of Earl Granville, extracts from a letter of Commodore Lambert, dated Bth October (99), relative to affairs in New Zealand. I have, &c, Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G. VERNON LUSHINGTON.

Enclosure in No. 12. " ' Blanche ' left Sydney for Wellington on 22nd ultimo to assume duties of Senior Officer on New Zealand Division of the Station. " Erom the reports which I have received since leaving Wellington, there does not appear to be " any change in the state of affairs in New Zealand, but the rebel Maoris have not appeared at any of " the out-settlements, and confidence seems to be in some measure restored."

No. 13. Copy of a LETTER from Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart, K.C.M.G., to the Secretary to the Admiralty. Sir, — Downing Street, 26th January, 1870. I am directed by Earl Granville to transmit to you, to be laid before the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, a copy of a Despatch from the Governor of New Zealand, relating to the disapproval which had been expressed by their Lordships of certain proceedings of Commodore Lambert, and enclosing a letter which he had addressed upon the subject to General Chute. I am also to enclose a copy of the answer Avhich, should their Lordships concur, Lord Granville proposes to return to Sir G. Bowen's Despatch. Lord Granville would be glad to be placed in possession of their Lordship's views on the proposed Despatch in time to forward it to the Colony by the mail of the 28th instant. I have, &c, The Secretary to the Admiralty. EREDERIC ROGERS.

No. 14. Copy of a LETTER from the Secretary to the Admiralty to Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G. Sir, — Admiralty, 28th January, 1870. I haA re laid before my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty your letter of 26th instant, forwarding a copy of a Despatch from the Governor of New Zealand, relating to the disapproval which had been expressed by their Lordships of Commodore Lambert's order for the "Himalaya " to return empty from New Zealand to Australia in March last, without consultation with the Governor or the principal Military Officer in the Colony as to the removal of a portion of the 2nd Battalion of the 18th Regiment, and in reply their Lordships desire me to request that you will inform Earl Granville that they concur in the reply which he proposes to address to Governor Sir George Bowen, disapproving of the view taken by His Excellency on this subject, I have, &c, Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G. VERNON LUSHINGTON.

80

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A—No. Ib.

CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE COLONIAL OFFICE AND SIR GEORGE GREY.

No. 1. Copy of a LETTER from Sir George Grey, X.C.8., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. Belgrave Mansions, Grosvenor Gardens, My Lord, — London, 27th October, 1869. I beg to state that a Despatch of your Lordship's, dated the 7th instant, and which has been published by your directions, is, in my opinion, likely to seriously injure myself and those New Zealand statesmen who acted as my Ministers. lam confirmed in this opinion by the remarks made to me in connection with your Lordship's Despatch since its publication. Your Lordship is pleased to state, in the Despatch to which I allude, that the recognition of Maori authority by Her Majesty's Government in New Zealand is an indispensable, although a distasteful, remedy for the difficulties of New Zealand—although it is one which will not be resorted to while the Colony continues to expect assistance from this country, and that a decision to supply the Colony even with the prestige of British troops, objectionable as your Lordship has shoAvn it to be on the ground of practical principle, would, in your view, be almost immediately injurious to the settlers themselves, as tending to delay the adoption of those prudent counsels on which you think the restoration of the Northern Island depends. Your Lordship will pardon me for showing, in selfdefence, that the statements so made are contrary to fact. One error which pervades your Lordship's correspondence upon this and cognate points, is, that you are pleased to speak of " the leading tribe of Maoris as scattered." In truth, the Waikato Tribe, the tribe to Avhich I presume your Lordship alludes, would not be admitted to be the leading tribe by several other tribes, such as the Ngapuhi Tribes, the Ngatikahungunu Tribes, the Ngatitoa, the Ngatiraukawa, the Arawa, and other tribes. The Waikato Tribe, hoAvever, set up the Native King, and selected, twice, a leading chief of their own tribe to fill that office; hence arose a great difficulty. The other tribes to which I have alluded, the chiefs of which had always been independent sovereign princes, had relinquished, by treaty, their sovereign rights to the Queen of England, and, conjointly Avith the Waikato Tribe, had by that treaty recognized Her Majesty as their common Sovereign. The tribes I have named, or the great majority of them, were and are proud of being the subjects of a great Sovereign, and no persuasion would induce them to recognize the authority of the Waikato King. To make them do that we should have to resort to force, and to join the fanatics against those tribes, many members of which have cheerfully laid down their lives to maintain the authority of the Queen. The mere rumour of any intended general recognition of the Maori King whl raise up neAV and more formidable enemies against us than Aye have hitherto had to cope with, and other tribes Avill declare their independence upon totally new grounds. I beg to state that whilst large bodies of troops were in the country, and before the Waikato war commenced, I paid a visit to the Waikato Tribes, who I believed were resolved upon a formidable outbreak. The whole of their principal chiefs met me, Avith the exception of the Maori King, who was ill, and I, to those chiefs, with the full assent of my Responsible Advisers, offered to constitute all the Waikato and Ngatimaniapoto country a separate Province, which Avould have had the right of electing its own Superintendent, its own Legislature, and of choosing I its OAvn Executive Government, and in fact would have had practically the same' powers and rights as any State of the United States now has. There could hardly have been a more ample and complete recognition of Maori authority, as the Waikato Tribes Avould, Avithin their own district, —a very large one, —have had the exclusive control and management of their own affairs. This offer was, however, after full discussion and consideration, resolutely and deliberately refused, on the ground that they would accept no offer that did not involve an absolute recog--21

81

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No: 1b

nition of the Maori King, and his and their entire independence from the Crown of England, —terms AAdiich no subject had power to grant, and which could not have been granted without creating worse evils than those which their refusal involved. I have, &c, G. GREY.

No. 2. Copy of a LETTER from Sir E. R. Sandpord to Sir George Grey, K.C.B. Sir, — Downing Street, 6th November, 1869. I am directed by Lord Granville to acknowledge your letter of tho 27th ultimo, commenting on two passages in his Lordship's Despatches of the 21st of March and the 7th of October last. 2. Lord Granville does not agree with you that his correspondence is pervaded by any error respecting the position of the Waikatos. 3. Lord Granville's statement that, as the result of the war, " the leading tribe " of the Maoris was scattered and the power of the others broken," was not meant to include those Avho remained at peace (to whom the latter part of the passage was manifestly inapplicable), but only those "leading" and "other" tribes concerned in the insurrection. Lord Granville continues to fear that the recognition of Maori authority,—the recognition, that is, to the extent to which it may become indispensable, —may prove distasteful to the Colonists, but he will be well satisfied to find himself mistaken, and is glad to infer that you are of a different opinion. He has not materials to judge how far the transactions referred to by you, which he presumes to be those reported in your Despatch No. 5, of the 6th Eebruary, 1863, and in which you now state that your Ministers concurred, support your anticipation. 4. Lord Granville has never suggested that the authority of the Maori King should be recognized over tribes not desirous of submitting to him. I have, &c., E. R. SANDEORD.

No. 3. Copy of a LETTER from Sir George Grey, X.C.8., to Sir E. R. Sandeord.. Belgrave Mansions, Grosvenor Gardens, Sir,— 13th November, 1869. In reply to your letter of the 6th instant, I have the honor to state asfollows: — I do not think that the portion of the Waikato Tribe, to which Lord Granville alludes as joining in the revolt, Avas the leading tribe, nor was it scattered ; the people composing it retired in a body from one district to another, where they still remain united. I regard the Ngatimaniapoto Tribe as having been the leading tribe in forcing on the revolt, and in conducting it. Their territory was hardly touched upon during the war, they have been neither scattered nor broken, and only one small strip of their land, touching the Waikato country, has been taken for the purpose of forming a portion of a military settlement for the protection of the country at an important point. There is, I think, a manifest error throughout Lord Granville's argument upon this subject, for it could never be said that it had become indispensable for an English Government to recognize, Avithin the limits of its ovra dominions, the authority of a Maori King, when the tribes who had raised an insurrection to set up that King were scattered, and their power broken, especially as they had no original right to set up a King, an office unknown to their ancestors, country, and institutions, and which act on their part has throughout been resisted by the great majority of their own countrymen. Barbarians, Avhether our friends or foes, will never believe that Aye have, from such causes as these, made concessions which they will regard as pusillanimous and disgraceful. The present Governor of New Zealand gives an exactly opposite reason for advising Earl Granville to

82

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—No. Ib.

recognize the authority of the Maori King ; he says it should be done because " it " is clear that the conquest of the Maori King by force of arms is impracticable." I am not of opinion that the Colonists of New Zealand Avill now recognize the authority of the Maori King to such an extent as Lord Granville deems indispensable. The Colonial Government, to avoid revolt Avhen revolt was only imminent, and the Colony was strong in Imperial troops and in its own forces, offered to a portion of a barbarous race all that could in reason be given to them. That offer was decidedly refused. War took place. The European race, and a portion of the Native race, have eventually been subjected to a series of the most dire calamities and most cruel acts, including outrages of every kind that the mind of man can conceive, even cannibalism itself. They are now called upon, Avithout giving any commensurate reAvard to those tribes who have shown themselves tried and noble friends, to recognize the authority of the Maori King, Avhich has been supported by those barbarians Avho have inflicted such ills upon them, and Avho have been guilty of such atrocious crimes. I feel sure the Colonists of NeAV Zealand will think that Rome in the days of her utmost decline, when her standards were Avithdrawn from point to point, never humbled herself further than this before a barbarian foe. They will feel that such an order as this appears to issue from a Minister Avho regards the strength and majesty of the Empire as fading away, but they Avill also feel that if it is sent forth from age and decay, it comes to a youthful nation fresh and vigorous, just springing into life, on which times yet to come will look back for the example it gave and left for the strong peoples who were to spring from it; and I believe the New Zealand men will give an example Avorthy of the race from Avhich they have come, the example of sacrificing all they haA re, and dying, if necessary, to a man, before they Avill obey a command, which would require them to recognize the authority of a so-called Native King, whose servants, allies, and friends have cruelly murdered their men, women, children, and faithful Natives, with circumstances of atrocity which makes the blood run cold to think of; and in resisting to the last extremity the recognition of the authority of such a King, the New Zealand people will believe that they Avill carry Avith them the almost universal sympathy of their fellow subjects in Great Britain, which sympathy and regard I feel sure they will still further entitle themselves to by the justice, mercy, and generosity with which they will deal with the Native race, iioav, equally Avith themselves, abandoned by the British Government to a most trying struggle. I have, &c, G. GREY.

No. 4. Copy of a LETTER from Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G., to Sir George Grey, K.C.B. Sir, — DoAvning Street, 19th November, 1869. I am directed by Earl Granville to acknowledge your letter of 13th instant, respecting the affairs of NeAV Zealand. Lord Granville understands that the present condition of the Waikato Confederation, consisting of the Ngatimaniapotos, Ngatihauas, and the Waikatos proper, and noAV considerably reduced by war and privation, is such as it is described in your present letter, and in Sir G. Bowen's Despatch of 30th June, 1868 (P.P. 307,1869, p. 130) —that is to say, that the Ngatimaniapotos retain their territory and tribal organization; that the Waikatos have been Avholly expelled from their lands, and remain together expatriated —in the phrase of one of their chiefs, " sitting on the branch of a tree ;" Avhile the Ngatihauas have returned to their villages, where they aro living at peace in the neighbourhood of the European settlers, who have been placed on part of the lands formerly belonging to them. Retaining his own opinion on the subject, Lord Granville does not think it necessary to pursue the inquiry whether that condition was aptly characterized by him by the epithet " scattered."

83

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. 1b

You will perceive by his Lordship's Despatch No. 115, of 7th October, recently published, that his reason, not as you suppose for commanding, but for recommending, some recognition of Maori authority, is in substance the same Avith that which you quote as given by Sir G. Bowen. With regard to the second part of your letter, Lord Granville understands you now to express the opinion which he understood you to controvert Avhen expressed by himself, viz., that the recognition of the Maori King to such an extent as you suppose him to contemplate, will be distasteful to the Colonists. I have, &c, EREDERIC ROGERS.

No. 5. Copy of a LETTER from Sir George Grey, X.C.8., to Sir E. R. Sandpord. BelgraA^e Mansions, Grosvenor Gardens, Sir,— 13th November, 1869. Adverting to my letter to you of this day's date, on the subject of Earl Granville's intention that the authority of the Maori King should be recognized, under some limitations, I beg you Avill be so kind as to direct his Lordship's attention to my Despatch No. 20, of the 2nd Eebruary, 1866, enclosing a paper from Sir William Martin, avlio remarks that the effort the Natives had made to set up a separate nationality Avas an effort dangerous to both races, and a great folly, although he thinks it was not a great crime. In that Despatch I have fully discussed the subject, and shown the evils which must inevitably fall upon both races if such a policy is allowed to be carried out. The Despatch to which I allude is published on page 78 of the Papers relative to the Affairs of New Zealand, which were laid before Parliament on the 26th June, 1866. I have, &c., ____________ Gh GREY.

No. 6. Copy of a LETTER from Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G., to Sir George Grey, K.C.B. Sir, — Downing Street, 25th November, 1869. I am directed by Earl GranvHle to acknowledge the receipt of your further letter of the 13th instant, on the subject of the policy of recognizing the authority of the so-called Maori King. I have, &c., EREDERIC ROGERS.

No. 7. Copy of a LETTER from Sir George Grey, X.C.8., to Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G. Belgrave Mansions, Grosvenor Gardens, Sir, — 22nd November, 1869. I beg you will be good enough to state to Earl Granville, in reference to your letter of the 19th instant, that the King party in New Zealand consisted of the tribes, or parts of the tribes, named by Earl Granville, but that it also included restless or ambitious men, and semi-civilized men Avho desired plunder, from most parts of New Zealand. It only embraced, however, a portion of the Waikato Tribe, and so far is that tribe from having been wholly expelled from its territory, that a large part of it has always remained faithful to the Queen, and the people composing that part of it still occupy their lands untouched upon the Waikato River, whilst portions of their lands have always been reserved for those men of the WaHcato Tribe who Avent into revolt, if they chose to return into that district from which they had retired rather than recognize the sovereignty of the Queen. But there probably is not one of those men who does not claim land in other districts.

84

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—-No. Ib.

The Despatch of the present Governor of New Zealand (of the 30th June, 1868), referred to by Lord Granville, makes fully apparent the extreme cruelty, to both races in that country, of the policy of attempting, by the withdrawal of the troops, to force them to recognize the authority of the Maori King. How that attempt can be called a recommendation I cannot understand. No language could have been more precise than that used in his Lordship's Despatches. The people of New Zealand were told that they were then exposed to great danger from Natives, the task of reducing whom the experience of the last war had conclusively shown Avas beyond their strength. They were reminded that, although there were then troops in the Colony, a few hundred insurgents sufficed to impose a ruinous insecurity on large numbers of settlers, and a ruinous expenditure on the public Treasury. They Avere then told that Lord Granville believed that certain concessions were indispensable,—amongst others, the recognition of the Maori King to the extent his Lordship thought necessary ; and they Avere informed that he knew that these remedies would be distasteful to the people of New Zealand, and that they would not carry them out so long as they were allowed even the prestige of having British troops in the country; and that, therefore, notAvithstanding the dangers to which it was admitted the Colony Avas exposed, the last regiment in New Zealand should be withdrawn from that country at a moment of such peril. I think it is impossible for a more resolute attempt to have been made, by one who was strong, at all hazards to force the Aveak and unfortunate to comply with his Avill. Nor do I think it was possible to use language more likely to embitter bloodthirsty Native fanatics against the European race, and to encourage them to renewed acts of violence against all of either race who clung affectionately to the sovereignty of the Queen of England. No acts could have been conceived more likely to assist such language, than the simultaneous publication of the Despatch containing it and the withdrawal of the last regiment of troops from the Colony. The present Governor of NeAV Zealand, in his Despatch of the 30th June, 1868, states that the present so-called Maori King soon showed himself to be a man of no force of character, and that although some of the leading men of New Zealand at one time thought that a Native Province might have been advantageously created, " all appear to be uoav agreed that the opportunity for any " arrangement of this kind has been lost, and that the Maori King and a chief " named Hakaria are now surrounded by fierce and bloody fanatics, almost resem- " bling their Malay forefathers when running a-muck." What could be anticipated from a Maori King surrounded by fierce and bloody fanatics, to whom all the turbulent spirits and evil men throughout the island looked for any sign for violence, but Avho were powerless for good or for the repression of crime ? The Governor's words, unless great prudence Avas shown, pointed to an inevitable result of sorrow and atrocity, and accordingly in a few weeks —that is, on the Bth of August —he reported that Titokowaru and others had waylaid and murdered a trooper of the Armed Constabulary, and had then cooked his body and eaten it; and after reporting a series of disasters, the Governor at length reports, on the 10th of November, that the most appalling enormities had been committed at Poverty Bay. He stated that Major Biggs, the Resident Magistrate, and the other principal English settlers, were murdered there after a brave resistance, and tortured and mutilated with circumstances of the most revolting cruelty, while their Avives, daughters, and families, after being subjected to atrocities too horrible for description, were burnt to death or hacked in pieces; about twenty faithful Natives were also massacred with circumstances of dreadful cruelty. What Avas the conduct of the followers of the Maori King, after such dreadful atrocities had taken place ? When spoken to on the subject, they expressed no sorrow or regret at what had been done: the dry callous answer was, " What you " consider murders are not murders with us, according to our custom, because, " war having once commenced, the rule is to kill whenever you can." In another letter I will show that this was not the feeling amongst the best men engaged in the revolt. I believe the Imperial Government is much to blame for having discouraged and weakened in the Native mind the noble desire for 22

85

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. Ib.

carrying on the war on merciful principles, which was indulged and practiced by the best Natives who were in rebellion ; still, men who vieAved the atrocities Avhich had been committed with satisfaction and approval, whilst their ignorance might claim our commiseration, had forfeited all claim on us to be invested with the authority of a Government in a British country, and it appears strange that Earl Granville could have been induced to attempt to compel the British settlers in New Zealand, by the AvithdraAval of the troops and of all assistance, to recognize the authority of these fierce and bloody fanatics, from whom they had suffered such outrages. Such a Government could be only poAverful for evil; they could have had no poAvcr or influence to repress disturbances elseAvhere. Our cowardice and their success could but augment their arrogance and daring, and encourage the violent and bad in other parts of NeAV Zealand to play a similar game, whilst it is impossible to tell AAdiat effect such a proceeding on our part would have upon the hitherto faithful Natives. In making these remarks I have been actuated by no desire to call for renewed war, or vengeance upon the Natives —I Avould pity them, spare them, and reclaim them, for they have many noble qualities. I merely pray for abstinence from measures which will cause great miseries to both races. I have, &c, G. GREY.

No. 8. Copy of a LETTER from Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart, K.C.M.G., to Sir George Grey, K.C.B. Sir, — DoAvning Street, 27th November, 1869. I am directed by Earl Granville to acknowledge your letter of the 22nd instant. You observe that "so far is that" (the Waikato) " tribe from having been " wholly expelled from its territory, that a large part of it has always remained " faithful to the Queen, and the people comprising that part of it still occupy " their lands untouched." Lord Granville is of opinion that his argument would have been someA\diat aided by the ratification Avith which you furnish him, and which he readily adopts. Lord Granville did not mean, nor Avas it implied in my letter, as you seem to suppose, that a withdrawal of troops could be called a "recommendation." What his Lordship desired to point out to you was that a recommendation, and not a command, was involved in his approval of certain advice given to the New Zealand Government by Sir George BoAven, and that the reason of that approval was to be found in his Despatch of 7th October. The words in which Lord Granville's approval was conveyed were as follows : — " The last two of these suggestions are evidently for the decision of the Local " Government. They appear to me clearly judicious." (P.P., Bth July, 1869, p. 427.) He is surprised that you should construe this as a command. Lord Granville doubts whether the language you use in letters addressed to him, and intended by you for publication, is consistent with the desire you express at the end of your letter, that a humane policy should be adopted towards the Natives, or is likely to have the effect in NeAV Zealand; and he hopes that you will not impute to any disrespect to yourself his refusal to pursue a discussion AAdiich he does not think advantageous to the public interest. I have &c, EREDERIC ROGERS.

No. 9. Copy of a LETTER from Sir George Grey, X.C.8., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. Belgrave Mansions, Grosvenor Gardens, My Lord, — 20th December, 1869. I have the honor again to allude to circumstances AAdiich I have urged in vain upon your Lordship's notice, but regarding which, in retiring from the correspondence, I desire to leave on record this statement.

86

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—No. 18.

I would remind you that, in Eebruary last, I entreated you to express to the Officer Commanding the Troops in Australia and New Zealand, the disapproval of Her Majesty's Government of his having assumed, Avhilst I was administering the Government of New Zealand, the power of causing in that country secret executions of Her Majesty's subjects; and I further requested your Lordship to issue positive instructions that no such power should hereafter be assumed by the Officer Commanding the Troops,—for you have left this question in doubt,—and I personally assured you of my belief that, if you did not do this, the war in NeAV Zealand Avould degenerate into a Avar of murders upon the part of the Natives. Neither my personal or written solicitations on this subject produced any effect on your Lordship, Avhilst the fears I expressed have been realized. Throughout the recent NeAV Zealand Avars, some of the evil-disposed Natives have from time to time committed acts of great cruelty ; but, upon the Avhole, I do not think that history shows more noble examples than were given by some of the leading chiefs of a nation striving to have Avar conducted upon merciful principles, and although in instances these chiefs failed in preventing the violent amongst the Natives in revolt from committing the cruelties to AA rhich I have alluded, yet, upon the whole, their treatment of our men left in their hands will always redound to their honor. In proof of this I beg to recall to your Lordship's remembrance the following circumstances : — On the evening of the 29th April, 1864, Sir D. Cameron reported that Her Majesty's forces, after entering the Gate Pa, had been repulsed, and that Lieut.Colonel Booth, of the 43rd Regiment, and some officers and men, had been left wounded in the place, and that serious apprehension was entertained of the fate that might befall them, left as they were to the mercy of the Natives. He subsequently reported (sth May, 1864) that the Natives had abandoned the place during the night of the 29th April, and that, "on taking possession of " the work in the morning, Lieut.-Colonel Booth and some men Avere found still " living, and, to the credit of the Natives, had not been maltreated, nor had any " of the bodies of the killed been mutilated." The details of this transaction, as related to me immediately afterwards by those Avho kneAV them well, were that the Natives had carefully tended our wounded, supplying them with water, and, immediately before abandoning the place, had left water by the side of the Avounded officers and men. The folloAving instances will further show the spirit in which the evil-disposed amongst those in revolt strove to conduct the Avar. It being known that, in the attack by our forces on Rangiriri, the Chief Te Oriori had been himself wounded in saving the life of one of our Avounded, he was called on to explain how this had been done, and gave the foHowing account, which Avas substantiated from other sources : — E. No. 1. 2. 1864. " During the attack upon Rangiriri, I saAV a Avounded soldier (officer ?); "he had ribbons upon his coat; he Avas lying in a position where he was liable to "be struck by the bullets of both his friends and foes. I went to save him, so that " I might be able to say, 'Heis a man whose life I saved.' I assisted him to rise, " and with my arms supported him towards a hollow, where he Avould not be " exposed to the fire of either party. Whilst I was in the act of assisting him, I " Avas struck by two bullets, one immediately after the other, one in the heel, the " other in the calf of the leg. I then left him, and returned to the pa. Shortly " after this I was struck by a bullet on the thumb (it was shot off)." Your Lordship will find in another instance, which happened near the place where a Pipiriki chief was subsequently put to death, that the hostile Natives had found a drunken trooper lying on the road, whom they made prisoner, and when he was sober brought him back to camp, with his horse, arms, and equipment untouched, because they would not injure a man Avho had fallen into their poAver. I must venture to give one other example. The hostile Natives at Tauranga issued the folloAving rules for the conduct of their men during the Avar, and sent a copy to the Military authorities at that place. These rules they strictly observe : —

87

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. 1b

28th March, 1864. Rule 1. —If a person is wounded, or is taken prisoner unwounded, and the butt of the musket or hilt of the sword be turned to the captor, he will be saved. Rule 2. —Any European soldier taken travelling unarmed, Avill be handed over to the directors of the law. Rule 3. —Any soldier who retreats from fear, and escapes to the house of a minister of God, even though he escapes with his arms, will be safe ; he will not be followed there. Rule 4. —Unarmed Europeans, their Avomen and children, Avill be spared. The Last Rule.—These are binding laws for Tauranga. The cases I have thus quoted should be contrasted Avith the folloAving statements made by Colonel Weare, C.8., in January, 1866, and which Avere confidentially received by Her Majesty's Government in England: —• " The General has ordered no prisoners to be taken, and already the most " brutal things have been done. " I AAdll never allow a man of my regiment to butcher a man, if it costs me "my commission. I haVe seen young officers ready to cry, and my finest and " most gallant officers are disgusted at being turned into Colonial butchers. The " General told me the Colonial Government did not want the expense of prisoners. " One man was taken alive (by tho 50th) unhurt, a Pipiriki chief. The " General received me very coldly on his arrival at Patea for taking this man alive " after his intimation of no prisoners. However, I told him that I Avould not order "my men to kill a man after he had thrown down his arms and surrendered. The " prisoner Avas taken to Kakaramea (where the General encamped) on the 9th, and " kept there till the 11th, on which morning the General left at 3 a.m., and, under " instructions from the General, this prisoner Avas taken down to a gully, tied " hand and foot, and there cruelly shot to death by some men of the 50th." " I hope the degrading and brutalizing manner in which the Avar is now " conducted may be knoAvn in England, and the troops no longer be allowed to be " demoralized by the Colonists for their sole selfishness." An examination of Mr. Weare's and of Colonel Weare's statements Avill shoAV that evidence was offered to be furnished to the Colonial Office to prove that the order that "no prisoner is to be taken," had ended in deliberate murders, and it appears that sad means Avere adopted to force unwilling officers and men, unused to such arts, to blood themselves, as it were, in acts of cruelty. Your Lordship will also remember that when one of the Wanganui Natives, serving with Her Majesty's troops, led astray by the evil order and example given, dared to put a prisoner to death, the perpetrator of this deed was driven out of the camp the same night by the tribe to AAdiich he belonged, and was not again seen. I am satisfied that any one who examines carefully the correspondence connected with the points I have brought under revicAv, so far as the Colonial Office has permitted it to be made public, will admit that it clearly shows, — That the well-disposed amongst the hostile Natives of New Zealand strove to have the Avar conducted upon merciful and humane principles. That the Colonial GoA'ernment, and the majority of the officers and men of Her Majesty's regular forces, also strove to have the Avar conducted upon principles of mercy and humanity. That one General Officer, and some few persons folloAving his example, determined to act on opposite principles, thereby leading a party of violence in the country. That this Avas secretly done, and that those guilty of these acts, secretly threw the blame of them on other persons, and that acts of great cruelty were committed by, or under the orders of, such persons. That the Colonial Office concealed some of those acts, and facts connected with them, even from His Royal Highness the Commander-in-Chief, and from the Governor and Civil Government of the country Avhose authority had been set at nought, and generally by such proceedings stamped them with its approval. The previous correspondence between your Lordship and myself on this subject fully elucidates these points.

88

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A—No. 1b

Mr. Goldwin Smith has recently pointed out that the system of allowing private soldiers to be trained to be steeped in blood is a very dangerous one ; for it is doubtful, if disturbances take place in England, whether men so trained will ahvays remain the servants of the IaAV, and Avhether, in such a case, they would obey discipline, or their own interests and their natural sympathies. But I believe that the matter has a still Avorse aspect. The secret and illegal execution of persons, so carried out as to constitute, in the minds of educated and reflective persons, deliberate murders, and the approval of such acts by the Government of this great Empire, afford an example which the weak and injured, or those who believe themselves to be so, Avhen earnest to obtain redress for Avhat they regard as Avrongs, will be too likely to folloAV. Those statesmen Avho should either silently and secretly, or openly, allow troops to be so trained, and then use them against their felloAV citizens in cases of apprehended disturbances, Avould in truth be guilty of a very great crime. Again, the frequent return into the body of the people in Great Britain, Ireland, or the Colonies, of discharged soldiers AAdio have been trained in such crimes, must exert a very evil influence on the mass of the population. I believe that crimes recently committed, and AAdiich hare excited general horror, have been promoted by this cause. If a population, tainted by such proceedings, and troops so trained are ever brought into collision, such scenes as Great Britain has not yet witnessed are too likely to take place. In the case of New Zealand, where two races (one of them a barbarous race) were engaged in a deadly struggle, it seems peculiarly wrong of the British Government to ha\~e forced examples of cruelties of this kind on that country, against the will of its Government and the wishes, as exemplified by their actions, of the best of the Natives who were in revolt. These general considerations, and the special ones I haAre urged in reference to Nev/ Zealand, made me feel it my duty to press this matter on your Lordship's notice so earnestly as I did. The power has all been upon your side, and I cannot but feel that it has enabled you for the moment to triumph over me. Nevertheless, I know that this triumph ought to be, and Avill be, but short-lived, and I indulge the hope that even your Lordship will, before long, admit that neither the Empire, New Zealand, the inhabitants of Noav Zealand, nor myself, have in this case received just treatment from the Colonial Department, or at your hands. I have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. GREY.

No. 10. Copy of a LETTER from Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G., to Sir George Grey, K.C.B. Sir, — Downing Street, 6th January, 1870. I am directed by Earl Granville to acknoAvledge the receipt of the letter which you addressed to his Lordship on the 20th ultimo. I have, &c, Sir George Grey, K.C.B. EREDERIC ROGERS.

No. 11. Copy of a LETTER from Sir George Grey, X.C.8., to the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. Belgrave Mansions, Grovesnor Gardens, My Lord, — London, 15th January, 1870. On the 17th of Eebruary last, I wrote a letter to your Lordship's department containing the following paragraph :— " Amongst the Papers which should, I think, have been communicated to " Parliament to enable a judgment to be formed on this question (the alleged " putting to death of prisoners in New Zealand), are my Despatch No. 131, of " the 23rd November, 1867, and the correspondence between Major-General 23

89

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. 1b

" Chute and the Secretary of State for War and the Eield-Marshal the Com- " mander-in-Chief, upon this subject." Sir Erederic Rogers replied, on the 9th of March, 1869, " Lord Granville is " informed that your Despatch No. 131 was not printed with the Weare Cor- " rcspondencc, because it appeared more naturally to belong to the general " correspondence relating to the New Zealand disturbances, with which it will " shortly be laid before Parliament." Again, on the 23rd of April, 1869, Sir E. Rogers, in relation to the same letter from me, wrote as folloAvs :— " I am to add that there are no papers on the subject which Lord Granville " wishes to conceal from you, and that the whole correspondence on the subject " will be, he hopes, shortly laid before Parliament, being now in course of " preparation for the press." My letter which I have quoted, and Sir E. Rogers' tAvo letters in reply, were printed, and Avere laid before Parliament on the Bth July, 1869. Marginal notes were printed in these Parliamentary Papers to the paragraphs of my letter of the 17th Eebruary, 1869. These notes stated that my Despatch No. 131, of 26th November, 1867, was printed at page 85 of the Parliamentary Papers, and that the Correspondence with the War Department to Avhich I had alluded was printed between pages 438 and 495 of the same Papers. As was stated in the marginal note, my Despatch No. 131, of the 26th November, 1867, was printed in the Parliamentary Papers at page 85. Its publication was, however, then of little use. It was isolated from the Papers with which it was connected; and this fact, and the length of time which had elapsed, rendered it almost impossible for any one who was not in possession of the papers to which it referred to estimate its real significance. The other Military correspondence which Sir E. Rogers, in Lord Granville's name, had promised should be produced, and which the marginal note informed Parliament had actually been printed somewhere between pages 438 and 495, was kept back. At first, I did not look for the promised letters, believing that they had, as Avas stated, been printed: when I searched for them, I found they had been evidently omitted, and apparently by design. I represented this, and was then informed:— Ist. That the marginal note attached to my letter of the 17th Eebruary, in the Parliamentary Papers recently printed, Avas not the result of any misunderstanding of the subject, but a blunder of the clerk who compiled the Returns. 2nd. That I had been informed that my Despatch No. 131 would be printed in its proper place, and that this had been done. 3rd. That the further correspondence to which I alluded Avas not in the possession of the Colonial Office. 4th. That Lord Granville never had any intention of adding it, or any other Papers, to the Weare correspondence laid before Parliament by direction of his predecessor. Upon the first two of these statements it is not necessary for me to make any remark here. Upon the 4th, I Avould say that a distinct promise was made in Sir E. Rogers' letter of the 23rd April, 1869, that the whole correspondence avouM be produced. I remained, at considerable cost and much inconvenience, in London, Avaiting day by day for that event; and I submit, if your Lordship had from the first intended not to produce it, I ought, in justice and fairness, to have been at once told so in March, and that I ought not to have been kept waiting until after the Parliamentary Session had passed, to learn, at the end of November, that the correspondence would not be produced. It is by such delays that unfortunate applicants to the Colonial Department are noAV worn out, or so impoverished that they are forced ultimately to abandon all hope of justice. Such delays not only shut out from justice suitors from a distance, but often punish them with ruin for having sought it. The third statement, that the correspondence is not in the possession of the Colonial Office, puts the whole case in its true and in a very sad light. The letters ought to be there. The Constitution requires that they should be there. The Queen's Regulations ordered that they should have been sent there

90

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—No. Ib,

through the Governor of the Colony. Parliament and the Governments of the Colonies have had frequent and deliberate pledges given to them that such letters are, and always shall be, in the office of the Secretary of State for the Colonies. A due regard for the safety of the lives and property of British subjects requires that they should be there. No one or tAvo Secretaries of State can be justified in conforming to the wills of irresponsible clerks in their department and of Military officers, and in agreeing that such letters shall go wholly to the military department; Parliament and the Governments of the Colonies and the nation at large being left ignorant that such a vast constitutional change has been secretly made, and being still assured by the Queen's Regulations that it has not been made. It would be hardly an exaggeration to say that such a change gives the War Department the power of at any time suspending the Constitution and laws of any one of the British Colonies. No one yet knows when prisoners were put to death in New Zealand, and at least one chief secretly executed, nor in what terms these facts were immediately reported to the Secretary of State for War, nor what excuse wa^ made for concealing them from the Civil Government of the country, nor the reasons Avhich led the Secretary for War to approve and ever since to support such unconstitutional proceedings. A consideration of this subject will, I am sure, convince your Lordship of the justice of the remarks I am making. Had the great change I have thus noticed not been privately made in the conduct of the public service, by which the highest poAvers entrusted by the Queen to the Civil Governments of Colonies may, at any time, be taken out of of their hands, and secretly assumed by entirely irresponsible Military officers, Avho either report their acts to the Military authorities in England, or conceal them, as they think proper, subjects of the Queen, who are stated by the best authority to have been put to cruel and unnecessary deaths, Avould have been iioav alive. Indeed, to deprive the Government of a Colony of the powers assured to it by the Constitution, the law, and the Queen's Regulations, and to alloAV those powers to be secretly exercised by an irresponsible Military officer, is to treat a British Government as a foreign power Avhich is inimical to the English Government, to treat British subjects as foreigners, and a British possession as foreign and conquered territory. The remarks I make do not relate to a past system but to what is now taking place. The foUowing remarks from Sir G. Bowen will illustrate this : — " The Governor further reminded Ministers that all control over the troops " remaining in this Colony had been taken out of his hands; that he had not re- " ceived from the Colonial Office copies of the orders respecting those troops, " issued to the Naval and Military authorities in this command; and that, when " the Under Secretary of State (the Right Honorable W. Monsell) had recently " been asked, in the House of Commons, if the Governor of New Zealand had' " poAver, under any circumstances whatever, to delay the departure of the 18th " Regiment, Mr. Monsell had replied most emphatically in the negative ; that, in " fact, the final orders for the immediate and entire removal of the troops had been " sent, not to the Governor, but to General Chute, and that General Chute, as " Avas seen from his letter of the 17th June ultimo, had already taken steps, Avith- " out any reference to the GoA Ternor, to carry out those orders forthwith; further, " that though styled in his commission ' Commander-in-Chief of New Zealand, " the Governor Avas left so entirely without discretion, and even information, Avith " regard to the Queen's troops, that (as was already known) he had no means of " acquainting the Colonial Ministers with the dates at AAdiich the head-quarters of "the 18th Regiment at Auckland, and the detachments now garrisoning the " principal towns in disturbed districts (Taranaki, Napier, and Wanganui) would " be withdrawn, so that the necessary arrangements might be made for replacing " them with detachments of the Colonial forces." The General so placed, really in a position superior to that of the Governor of New Zealand, was the same officer who had, whilst concealing his acts from the Governor, taken upon himself the power of putting, to death subjects of the Queen, in the manner stated by Colonel Weare. As a natural result of this system, it may be added that Sir George Bowen,

91

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A—No. 1b

who has now had some experience in his office, states that he finds the Senior Military authority discourteous and impracticable. I trust your Lordship Avill see hoAV just is the request I make, and that you will order the correspondence to which I refer to be placed in the archives of your department. I have, &c, The Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G. G. GREY.

No. 12. Copy of a LETTER from Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G., to Sir George Grey, K.C.B. Sir, — Downing Street, 26th January, 1870. I am directed by Lord Granville to acknowledge your letter of the 15th of January. I am, first, to point out that my letter of the 23rd of April, which is stated by you to have been written "in relation" and "in reply" to yours of the 17th. of Eebruary, was really written, after two months and five other letters had interA rened, in answer to your letter of the 15th of April, in Avhich you requested verification, by reference to the correspondence existing in this department, of certain allegations of yours which you supposed to be disputed. In answer to this request, and without any reference to your letter of 17th of Eebruary, Avhich had been long before disposed of, Lord Granville informed you that the Avhole of the correspondence on the subject —that is to say, the correspondence in this office relating to the truth of your allegations—Avould be laid before Parliament, and this has been done. If it had occurred to Lord Granville that my letter of the 23rd of April would be read in connection Avith the opinion incidentally expressed in yours of the preceding Eebruary, he would have limited his announcement in so many words to " public correspondence in the possession of the Colonial Office." But it did not occur to him that there was any reason for expressing a qualification usually implied as a matter of course. Your letter concludes Avith a request that Lord Granville Avill order the War Office correspondence, already referred to, to be placed in the archives of his department. Lord Granville directs me to state that he has no power to order, and sees no sufficient reason for requesting, that this should be done. He apprehends that you are mistaken in supposing that in this case any constitutional usage has been violated or any constitutional change introduced. The Commander-in-Chief having made inquiry, and arrived at a conclusion on certain allegations made by one Military officer respecting another serving in the same Colony, it rested with the Secretary of State for War for the time being to decide Avhether that conclusion, in which he concurred, should be communicated to the Colonial Office, with or without the data on which it was founded. In the present case it was decided by General Peel to communicate the decision without those data, and Lord Granville does not feel called on to question his decision. Whether the Papers should now be laid before Parliament is a question for the Secretary of State for War. Lord Granville does not apprehend that Mr. CardAvell would oppose any motion made to that effect by any Member of either House who desires their publication, and Avho is not unwilling to recall attention to those untoward controversies betAveen the Civil and Military authorities of New Zealand from which the Colony is said to have suffered so much, and for which the withdrawal of the troops aaIII remove all future opportunity. You quote a Despatch from Sir G. BoAven to show that your remarks respecting the unconstitutional treatment of the Governor of New Zealand do not relate to a past system, but to what is now taking place. You do not, of course, forget that the withdrawal of the Governor's powers in respect to troops not intended for sendee in the Colony, whatever the merits of that measure, was adopted not by the present, but by a previous Ministry, having, in Lord Carnarvon's

92

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE

A.—No. Ib,

opinion, been forced on him during your government of the Colony by the want of co-operation between the Civil and the Military authorities. The alleged failure of Her Majesty's Government to supply Sir G. Bowen with information respecting the movements of troops, is explained in Lord Granville's Despatch No. 75, of the 18th of June, printed, in the Parliamentary Paper from which you derive your information. I have, &c, Sir George Grey, K.C.B. EREDERIC ROGERS.

No. 13. Copy of a LETTER from Sir George Grey, X.C.8., to Sir Erederic Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G. Belgrave Mansions, Grosvenor Gardens, Sir, — 31st January, 1870. I think it right to reply to your letter of the 26th instant, because I cannot clearly understand it, and because I think I ought to omit no means within my reach of endeavouring to induce Earl Granville to do that which is just and righteous. The law, anxious to throw the surest safeguards round the most sacred of human possession—human life —requires that certain things should be scrupulously done before any of Her Majesty's subjects are deliberately deprived of their lives. It prescribes a fair trial, timely notice to the accused of the offence or offences with which he or they are charged, and various precautions and formalities of a like nature, all of Avhich are a protection to the weak and ignorant, and are also bulwarks against the passion, caprice, or violence of those intrusted with the powers which belong to the nation. Amongst other safeguards, the law requires that the Civil, and not the Military power, should deliberately determine that those found guilty, after fair trial, should be deprived of life. It even prohibits a General from taking, without the consent of the Civil poAver previously obtained, the life of a soldier found guilty by a Military Court of a military offence; much more, then, does it prohibit a General from taking, at his own discretion, the fives of civilians not guilty of military offences. The law also requires a General instantly to report to the Civil authorities certain acts of his, and to keep them thoroughly informed on such subjects. Amongst these acts Avould stand first the execution of subjects of Her Majesty. Above all things, the IaAV Avould abhor the secret and silent putting to death of the Queen's subjects ; and it would consider the mere reporting of such acts by one Military authority to another, whilst they were concealed from the CivH Government, as a secret and silent putting to death. No one knows better than yourself that such acts should have been reported to the Governor of the country where they took place, and that such reports should have been transmitted by him to the Colonial Minister, in whose office such reports should lie, and that the Colonial Minister should have supported his Governor in requiring such reports to be transmitted to him. Earl Granville is the first Colonial Minister who has had all the facts connected with the circumstances to which I call attention brought before him. I have only asked that the Military authorities, having assumed such unconstitutional and dangerous powers, should be told that they had acted Avrongly in so doing, and that an assurance should be given that measures had been taken which should prevent the repetition of such acts. This Earl Granville has refused to do; and, as the case stands, what has been done is stamped with his silent approval and acquiescence. I cannot understand the connection which your letter refers to, between any alleged untoward controversies between the Civil and Military authorities in New Zealand, and the secret and illegal deaths of subjects of the Queen; or lioav this latter fact, falling on unhappy persons in no way connected with the former one, could have justified what was done to them. Nor, again, can I understand why, 24

93

AND THE GOVERNOR OE NEW ZEALAND.

A.—No. 1b

when cruelties were committed which evidently shocked the majority of the Military forces present at the time, and deprived, in an illegal manner, subjects of the Queen of their lives, the fate of these unhappy persons, and the interests of the living, to whom the question of the powers of the Military is a vital one, should be altogether overlooked, and that it should be treated as a mere question of certain allegations made by one Military officer respecting another serving in the same Colony, which it rested with the Secretary of State for War for the time being to decide. I have refused hitherto to ask any Member of either House to make a motion for the production of the Papers to which you allude, and I cannot adopt the suggestion you make that I can do so. I know too well what was due to myseH as a high officer of the Empire, to take such a course, as you are perfectly aware aU the steps in these transactions ought to have been reported to me from time to time as they took place, and ought by me to have been reported to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, who, Avhen he found that this course had been omitted, ought to have supported me in the claim I made, that this most necessary and prescribed line of action should have been taken. I gather from your letter that the Papers are in the War Department, that these things were not secretly done, but were reported in due course to the Secretary of State for War; but it forms no part of my duty to apply to a Member of Parliament to ask for their production. A great wrong was done to subjects of the Queen and to the Government of New Zealand, and this is the point I asked to be set right. I have, &c, Sir E. Rogers, Bart., K.C.M.G. G. GREY.

94

DESPATCHES EROM THE SECRETARY OE STATE.