Checklist of Valid and Invalid Plant Macrofossils from New Zealand

Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand : Earth Sciences, Volume 8, Issue 6, 9 September 1970, Page 77

Checklist of Valid and Invalid Plant Macrofossils from New Zealand

D. C. Mildenhall

By

While studying the fossil flora of the Pakawau Group, North-west Nelson, the writer discovered that numerous fossil plant names from there and elsewhere had not been validly published. Most of the names were introduced by Sir James Hector, who published long lists of names which he intended to validate in his Fossil Flora of New Zealand. Only the plates of this work were completed but not published.

Victoria University of Wellington.

[.Received by the Editor, 30 September 1969 .]

Abstract

Lists are given of 165 invalid and 278 valid specific names applied to New Zealand fossil plants. Some of the invalid names will be validated in future publications.

Introduction

Validity of Hector’s Magrofossil Plant Names

Two hundred and seventy-eight published names of New Zealand macrofossil plants (leaves, woods, and fruits) are valid and some 150 are invalid.

Article 42 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (1966) states that “ the publication of the name of a monotypic new genus based on a new species is validated . . ~ for generic names published before 1 January 1908, by the provision of an illustration with analysis showing essential characters ”. Article 44 states that the name of a species is considered to be validly published before 1 January 1908, "if it is accompanied only by an illustration with analysis showing essential characters ”. In these cases the illustration with analysis is considered to be the same as a description.

Sir James Hector’s lithographic plates, produced for a book on the fossil flora of New Zealand, were never published and the names written on the proof printings of these plates by him and by other geologists are invalid. The lists given by Hector in the Catalogue and Guide to Geological Exhibits at the Indian and Colonial Exhibition (1886: 31-2) and the Catalogue of the Colonial Museum (1870: 199-201) are nomina nuda and do not constitute valid publication as they are accompanied neither by illustrations nor by analyses. At approximately the same time Hector published the names of the following fossils from Pakawau in the Outline of New Zealand Geology (1886) : Protophyllum sp., Phyllites sp., Phyllites

geumoides, Patete scheffleri, Taeniopteris stipulata. These fossils were not referred to at all in the text but were illustrated and named. The problem is whether these are validly published specific and generic names under the terms of the International Botanical Code ( loc. cit.).

The term “ illustration with analysis ” as used in the Code could mean a labelled diagram, a detailed illustration, or an illustration with a written note about the most salient features. It is obvious that the term refers to something more than a sketch. Hector’s drawings do not fulfil any of these interpretations, and, although his drawings can easily be related to the original specimen, it is doubtful whether other specimens could be identified from his illustrations. Besides the lack of a description there is no scale and so the drawings cannot be considered to show the characters essential for identification. For these reasons they are considered invalid until such time as the conditions in the International Botanical Code are fulfilled.

Hector’s invalid names have been used regularly in New Zealand paleobotanical literature by Park (1910), Arber (1913; 1917) and Oliver (1950; 1955). It is not considered advisable to replace the names completely as they are in common use but they should not be used further until they have been validly and systematically described.

List 1: Invalid Names

List 1 is a list of invalid macrofossil plant names, some of which are in current use, including names of species from other countries applied to New Zealand species without justification. Some are synonyms, some result from typographical errors, and others can be validated under the International Botanical Code {loc. cit.) by the publication of an illustration and description. Hector sometimes published different names for the same fossil without stating the reason for the change. Oliver (1950; 1955) changed' the generic names of many species in his reviews of the New Zealand fossil flora; he had intended to revise the systematics of the New Zealand fossil flora but died before the work could be completed. Oliver’s name changes made in 1955 are not valid because they do not comply with Article 33 of the International Botanical Code {loc. cit.). He did not give full reference to the original author and publication or indicate the replaced synonym. However, his 1950 name changes are valid. After each name, reference is given to the article believed to contain the first use of the name. Where possible ages and locality data are also given. Those listed by Arber in 1913 are included.

Ettingshausen (1887) and Crie (1888; 1889 a; 1889 b) also published lists of nomina nuda. The writer has not seen the paper by Crie (1889 b), which may contain further invalid names. Evans (1937) published names of fossil woods from the Tertiary lignites of South Canterbury, but no descriptions or illustrations were given in the same publication nor any reference to previously published descriptions or illustrations.

A. HORSETAILS, LYCOPODS

Equisetum rhicrodon Ettingshausen, 1887, Mt Potts, Haast Gully and Glent Hills; Otapirian to Heterian (Rhaetian to Kimmeridgian). Lycopodites palaeoselaginella Ettingshausen, 1887, Mataura and Waikawa; Temaikan (Callovian).

B. FERNS AND FERN-LIKE PLANTS

Alethopteris hochstetteri Hector, 1878, Otapiri River; Otapirian (Rhaetian). A. insignis Hector, 1878, Otapiri River and Flag Hill (Ben Bolt); Otapirian to Ururoan (Rhaetian to Toarcian). Asplenites cuneata Hector, 1880, dent Hills; Temaikan to Heterian (Gallovian to Kimmeridgian). A. distans Hector, 1880; Jurassic. A. oblonga Hector, 1880; Jurassic. A. palaeopteris Hector, 1878, Otapiri River; Otapirian (Rhaetian). A. rhomboides Hector, 1880, Gatlins River, Clent Hills and Mataura; Temaikan (Gallovian).

Asplenium palaeo-durea Ettingshausen in Haast, 1887, Haast Gully and Clent Hills; Temaikan to Heterian (Callovian to Kimmeridgian). A. ungeri Ettingshausen in Haast, 1887, Mataura and Waikawa; Temaikan (Callovian). Asterophyllites clentii Hector, 1880, Clent Hills; Temaikan to Heterian (Callovian to Kimmeridgian).

Camptopteris haastii Ettingshausen, 1887, Haast Gully and Clent Hills; Temaikan to Heterian (Callovian to Kimmeridgian). C. incisa Hector, 1880, Mataura and Clent Hills; Temaikan to Heterian (Callovian to Kimmeridgian).

C. novae-zelandiae Hector, 1878, Flag Hill (Ben Bolt); Ururoan (Pliensbachian to Toarcian). Dictyophyllum huttonianum Crie, 1888. Gleichenia waitia Hector, 1886 a, Eighty-eight Valley, Nelson; Upper Triassic. Hymenophyllites australis Ettingshausen, 1887, Mataura and Waikawa; Temaikan (Callovian). Lomarites pectinata Hector, 1880, Mataura, Clent Hills and Waikato Heads; Temaikan to Mokoiwian (Callovian to Neocomian).

Macrotaeniopteris affinis Ettingshausen, 1887, Mataura and Waikawa; Temaikan (Callovian). M. zeelandica Crie, 1888. Neuropteris stricta Hector, 1878, Flag Hill (Ben Bolt); Ururoan (Pliensbachian to Toarcian). Oleandridum distans Hector, 1880; Jurassic. O. huttoni Hector, 1878, Otapiri River; Otapirian (Rhaetian).

O. matauriensis (matauriense) Hector, 1880; Jurassic. O. obtusatum Hector, 1880; Jurassic. O. stipulatum Hector, 1880; Jurassic. O. taeniopteroide Hector, 1880; Jurassic. O. tetranerve Hector, 1880; Jurassic.

O. vittatum var. Hector, 1878, Flag Hill (Ben Bolt); Ururoan (Pliensbachian to Toarcian). Pecopteris acuta Hector, 1880, Clent Hills; Temaikan to Heterian (Callovian to Kimmeridgian).

P. distans Hector, 1870, Waikawa and Mataura Falls; Temaikan (Callovian). P. gracilis Hector, 1870, Waikawa; Temaikan (Callovian). P. grandis Hector, 1870, Waikawa; Temaikan (Callovian). P. haastii Hector, 1880, Client Hills and Mataura; Temaikan to Heterian (Callovian to Kimmeridgian).

P. hochstetteri Hector, 1870, Waikawa, Mataura and Waikato Heads; Temaikan to Mokoiwian (Callovian to Neocomian).

P. ligulatus Hector, 1870, Mataura Falls and Waikawa; Temaikan (Callovian). P. linearis Hector, 1880, Waikawa and Clent Hills; Temaikan to Heterian (Callovian to Neocomian).

P. obliqua Hector, 1880, Waikato Heads; Mokoiwian (Tithonian to Neocomian). P. oblongis Hector, 1880; Jurassic. P. obtusata Hector, 1886 b, Clent Hills; Temaikan to Heterian (Callovian to Kimmeridgian). P. ovatus (ovata ) Hector, 1878, Flag Hill (Ben Bolt); Ururoan (Pliensbachian to Toarcian). P, proximo Ettingshausen, 1887, Malvern Hills II; Temaikan to Heterian (Callovian to Kimmeridgian).

P. serratus Hector, 1870, Mataura Falls; Upper Temaikan (Callovian). P. stricta Hector, 1880; Jurassic. Psaronius matauriensis Crie, 1888. Pteris kirkii Hector, 1880.

Sphenopteris amissa Ettingshausen, 1887, Haast Gully and Clent Hills; Temaikan to Heterian (Callovian to Kimmeridgian).

S. asplenoides Hector, 1880, Waikawa; Temaikan (Callovian). S. clentiana Ettingshausen, 1887, Haast Gully and Clent Hills; Temaikan to Heterian (Callovian to Kimmeridgian).

S. lomaroides Hector, 1880; Jurassic? Taeniopteris gramineus (graminea ) Hector, 1870, Waikato Heads and Mataura Falls; Upper Temaikan to Mokoiwian (Callovian to Neocomian). T. huttoni Hector, 1886 a, Waikawa and Waikato Heads; Temaikan to Mokoiwian (Callovian to Neocomian).

T. linearis Hector, 1870, Waikawa and Mataura Falls; Temaikan (Callovian). T. lomariopsis Ettingshausen, 1887, Malvern Hills 11, Mataura and Waikawa; Temaikan to Heterian (Callovian to Kimmeridgian). T. matauriensis Hector, 1886 a, Mataura; Upper Temaikan (Callovian). T. obtusatus Hector, 1870, Mataura, Clent Hills and Waikato Heads; Temaikan to Mokoiwian (Callovian to Neocomian).

T. pseudo-simplex Ettingshausen, 1887, Haast Gully and Clent Hills; Temaikan to Heterian (Callovian to Kimmeridgian).

T. pseudo-vittata Ettingshausen in Haast, 1887, Mt Potts; Otapirian (Rhaetian). T. robustus Hector, 1870, Mataura Falls; Texnaikan (Callovian).

T. tetranervis Hector, 1886 a, Waikato Heads; Mokoiwian (Tithonian to Neocomian).

Thinnfeldia australis Ettingshausen, 1887, Mt Potts; Otapirian (Rhaetian). Vertehraria novae-zealandiae Hector, 1886 b, Clent Hills; Temaikan to Heterian (Callovian to Kimmeridgian).

G. GYMNOSPERMOUS PLANTS

Araucarioxylon zeelandicum Crie, 1889 a. Agathis praeaustralis Evans, 1937. Agathoxylon australe Evans, 1937. Araucarites ( Auricaurites) buchanani Hector, 1880, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian). Araucarites carinaria Hector, 1886 b, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian). Araucarites ( Auricaurites ) kakaunuia Hector, 1880. Baiera australis Ettingshausen, 1887, Haast Gully and Clent Hills; Temaikan to Heterian (Gallovian to Kimmeridgian).

Cycadites pakawau Hector, 1880. Dammara fossilis Unger, 1864, Richmond. Dammarites ( Damarites) carinata Hector, 1880, Shag Point and Waipara; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

D. fossilis Hector, 1880; Upper Triassic. D. ( Damarites ) lanceolata Hector, 1880, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian). Glossopteris augustifolia Hector, 1878; Mt Potts; Otapirian (Rhaetian) [? =G. augustifolia Brongn.].

G. browniana Brongn. in Crie, 1889 a. G. haastii Hector, 1880, Mt Potts; Otapirian (Rhaetian). Jeanpaulia australis Crie, 1889 a. Nilssonia zeelandica Ettingshausen, 1887, Mataura and Waikawa; Temaikan (Gallovian). Noeggerathia valida Hector, 1886 a, Eighty-eight Valley, Nelson; Upper Triassic. Palaeozamia matauriensis Hector, 1878, Flag Hill (Ben Bolt); Ururoan (Pliensbachian to Toarcian).

Palissya australis Crie, 1888. P. podocarpioides Ettingshausen in Haast, 1887, Glent Hills and Haast Gully; Temaikan to Heterian (Gallovian to Kimmeridgian).

Phyllocladus tanekaha Oliver, 1950, Wangapeka; Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene. Podocarpoxylon totara Evans, 1937. Podocarpus matai (maitai ) Oliver, 1950, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian).

P. toatoa Oliver, 1950, Wangapeka; Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene. P. praetotara Evans, 1937. Podozamites malvernicus Ettingshausen, 1887, Malvern Hills II; Temaikan to Heterian (Gallovian to Kimmeridgian).

Protocladus lingua Ettingshausen, 1887, Mt Potts and Malvern Hills II; Otapirian to Heterian (Rhaetian to Kimmeridgian).

Pterophyllum antilobum Oliver, 1955. P. dieffenbachi Ettingshausen, 1887, Mataura and Waikawa; Temaikan (Gallovian). P. grandis Hector, 1880, Waikawa and Glent Hills; Temaikan to Heterian (Gallovian to Kimmeridgian).

Taxites kahikatea Hector, 1880, Mataura Falls; Upper Temaikan (Gallovian). T. manoao (manawao ) Hector, 1880, Mataura; Upper Temaikan (Gallovian). T. matai (maitai ) Hector, 1880.

T. miro Hector, 1880, Clent Hills; Temaikan to Heterian (Gallovian to Kimmeridgian). T. rimu Hector, 1880, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian). T. tanekaha Hector, 1886 b, Wangapeka; Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene. T. toatoa Hector, 1880.

T. totara Hector, 1880, Waikato Heads; Mokoiwian (Tithonian to Neocomian) ._ T. totaranui Hector, 1886 a, Waikato Heads, Mokoiwian (Tithonian to Neocomian). Taxodites indicus Crie, 1889 a. Zamites etheridgei Crie, 1888. Z. matauriensis Ettingshausen, 1887, Mataura and Waikawa; Temaikan (Gallovian).

D. ANGIOSPERMS

Aciphylla pungens Hector, 1886 b, Wangapeka; Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene. Ceratophyllum rivulare Crie, 1889 a. Coprosmites elongata Hector, 1880, Wangapeka; Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene. C. oblongifolia Hector, 1880. C. ovata Hector, 1880.

Cyperites wiwi Hector, 1880; Jurassic? This unlocated specimen probably came from the Upper Senonian/Maastrichtian Pakawau beds in N.W. Nelson. It is figured in Hector’s unpublished plates (PI. 28a, figs. 50 and 54; see also PI. 46, figs. 13 and 17, PL 48, fig. 5, and PL 49, fig. 11).

Dryandra huttoniana Crie, 1889 a.

Dryophyllum auraides Hector, 1880.

D. oblonga Hector, 1880.

D. whangaroae Hector, 1880,

Fagus grandifolia Hector, 1880, Wangapeka and Quail Flat; Upper Senonian to Eocene.

F. linearifolia Hector, 1880.

Gaultheria rupestifolia Hector, 1880.

Kaikomako penantioides Hector, 1880.

Kohekohe dysoxyloides Hector, 1880.

Laurus protaeifolia Hector, 1880.

Leptospermum pliocenicum Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene).

Melicytephyllites linearis Hector, 1880.

M. mahoe Hector, 1880.

Menispermites cor data Hector, 1880.

M. pentanervis Hector, 1880, Wangapeka; Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene.

M. trinervis Hector, 1880.

Metrosiderophyllites ovata Hector, 1880.

M. longifolia Hector, 1880.

Metrosideros longifolia Hector, 1886 a, Wangapeka; Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene.

Nothofagoxylon tua-tawai Evans, 1937.

Oleariaphyllites lacunosa Hector, 1880.

O. recurvoserrata Hector, 1880.

O. sinuodentata Hector, 1880.

O. sinuoserrata Hector, 1880.

O. whaurangi Hector, 1880.

Palmites flabellata Hector, 1880.

P. nikau Hector, 1880.

P. pectinata Hector, 1880.

Panax elongata Hector, 1886 a, Wangapeka; Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene.

P. lobulata Hector, 1880.

P. novae-zealandiae Hector, 1880.

P. serrata Hector, 1880.

P. subserrata Hector, 1880, Wangapeka; Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene. Patete scheffleri Hector, 1880, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian).

Pisoniaphyllites novae-zealandiae Hector, 1880.

Pittosporum elegans Oliver, 1950, Landslip Hill; PUpper Eocene to Oligocene. Name is preoccupied by P. elegans Raoul, 1846. Potamogeton ovatum Hector, 1886 b, Trelissick Basin; Piripauan to PTeurian (Upper Senonian to PDanian).

P. palaeophyta Hector, 1880. Protophyllum whau Hector, 1880.

Ranunculites peltatifolia Hector, 1880. Ruhiphyllites gemmoides Hector, 1880.

R. linearis Hector, 1880. R. ohlongis Hector, 1880,

Santaliaphyllites maireoides Hector, 1880.

Santalum make Hector, 1886 a, Wangapeka; Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene.

Sapotaphyllites linearis Hector, 1880.

S. novae-zealandiae Hector, 1880.

S. petiolata Hector, 1880.

Trigonocarpon novae-zealandiae Hector, 1880.

E. DICOTYLEDONAE INCERTAE SEDIS

Phyllites geumoides Hector, 1886 b, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian).

P. karamu Hector, 1886 b, Wangapeka; Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene.

P. liguminosites Hector, 1880.

P. rubiformis Hector, 1886 b, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

P. whaurangi Hector, 1886 b, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

F. FRUCTIFICATIONS? INCERTAE SEDIS

Zympanorphora paradoxus Brongn.; Hector, 1880, Waikato Heads; Mokoiwian (Tithonian to Neocomian). Spelt Tympanorphora by Hector.

List 2: Valid Names

The validly published names of New Zealand plant macrofossils (leaves, wood and fruits) are given in list 2. Synonyms are given in square brackets. Locality and age data are given. The ages are based on recent publications and unpublished material held by the New Zealand Geological Survey. International stages are given in round brackets.

A. HORSETAILS, LYCOPODS

Equisetites hollowayi Edwards, 1934, Curio Bay, Waikawa; Temaikan (Callovian). E. nicoli Arber, 1917, Mokoia, Gore; Temaikan to Heterian (Callovian to Kimmeridgian). Lycopodites arberi Edwards, 1934, Curio Bay, Waikawa; Temaikan (Callovian). Lycopodium cf. Lycopodium volubile Forst. f.; McQueen, 1956, Seymour River; Ngaterian to Arowhanan (Turonian). Phyllotheca minuta Arber, 1917, Mt Potts and Clent Hills; Otapirian (Rhaetian).

B. FERNS AND FERN-LIKE PLANTS

Aspidium cretaceo-zeelandicum Ettingshausen, 1887, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian).

A. otagoicum Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

A. tertiario-zeelandicum Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian) and Dunstan (PMiocene) [Cyclosorus tertiario-zeelandicus (Ett.) Oliver].

Asplenium palaeopteris Unger, 1864, Waikato [Sphenopteris fittoni Seward]. Blechnum priscum Ettingshausen, 1887, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian) [Cladophlebis prisca (Ettingshausen) McQueen].

Chiropteris biloha Bell, 1956, Black Jacks, Waitaki River; Rhaetian? C. lacerata Arber, 1917, Mt Potts; Otapirian (Rhaetian).

C. waitakiensis Bell, 1956, Black Jacks, Waitaki River; Rhaetian? Cladophlehis cf. Cladophlebis alhertsi (Dunker) Seward; Arber, 1917, Waikato Heads; Mokoiwian (Neocomian).

C. antarctica Nathorst; Edwards, 1934, Waikato Heads and Mokoia; Temaikan to Mokoiwian (Callovian to Neocomian),

C. australis (Morris) Seward; Arber, 1917, common in most Jurassic and some Cretaceous localities.

C. denticulate (Brongniart) Seward; Arber, 1917, Malvern Hills and Mataura Falls; Temaikan to Heterian (Callovian to Kimmeridgian).

C. obscura (Ettingshausen) McQueen, 1956, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian) [ Sticherus obscurus (Ett.) Oliver and Gleichenia {Mertensia) obscura Ettingshausen].

C. prisca (Ettingshausen) McQueen, 1956, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian) [Blechnum priscum Ettingshausen].

C. reverse (Feistmantel) Seward and Holttum; Edwards, 1934, Waikato Heads and Mataura; Upper Temaikan to Mokoiwian (Callovian to Neocomian) [Microphyllopteris pectinata Hector ex Arber].

C. roylei Arber; McQueen, 1954 b, Pukerau Plantation, Gore; Permian. C. wellmanii McQueen, 1956, Strongman Mine; PArowhanan (Lower Senonian). Coniopteris hymenophylloides (Brongniart) Seward; Arber, 1917, Malvern Hills, Mokoia and

Curio Bay; Temaikan to Heterian (Callovian to Kimmeridgian). Coniopteris? lobata (Oldham and Morris); Edwards, 1934, Waikato Heads; Mokoiwian (Neocomian).

Cyclosorus cretaceo-zeelandicus Oliver, 1950, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian) [Aspidium cretaceo-zeelandicum Ettingshausen].

C. tertiario-zeelandicus Oliver, 1950, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian) [Aspidium tertiario-zeelandicum Ettingshausen].

Dicksonia pterioides Ettingshausen, 1887, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian) [Pteris pterioides (Ett.) Oliver and Sphenopteris pterioides (Ett.) McQueen].

Dictyophyllum acutilobum (Braun); Arber, 1917, Mt Potts, Clent Hills and Mataura Falls; Otapirian to Temaikan (Rhaetian to Callovian) [D. rugosum L. and H.; Oliver]. D. obtusilobum? (Braun); Arber, 1917, Mokoia; Temaikan to Heterian (Callovian to Kimmeridgian).

D. rugosum L. and H.; Oliver, 1950, Mataura Falls; Upper Temaikan (Callovian) [D. acutilobum (Braun); Arber].

Dryopteris novae-zelandiae Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene). Gleichenia ( Mertensia) obscura Ettingshausen, 1887, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian) [Sticherus obscurus (Ett.) Oliver and Cladophlebis obscura (Ett.) McQueen].

Goniopteris pennigera (Forst.) J. Smith; Oliver, 1928, Ormond; GastlecHffian (Mid Pleistocene).

Lomaria proceroides Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene) (also Kaikorai Valley; ?Upper Miocene).

Lomariopsis dunstanensis Ettingshausen, 1887, Buristan; Miocene? Locality uncertain.

Microphyllopteris pectinata Hector ex Arber, 1917, Mataura Falls; Upper Temaikan (Gallovian) [Cladophlebis reversa (Feistmantel) Seward and Holttum; Edwards].

Osmundites aucklandicus Marshall, 1926, Motutara Point, Kawhia; Puaroan (Tithonian).

O. dunlopi Kidston and Gwynne-Vaughan, 1907, Gore; Jurassic.

O. gibbiana Kidston and Gwynne-Vaughan, 1907, Gore; Jurassic.

Platycerium morgani Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene).

Polypodium hochstetteri Unger, 1864, Waikato.

Psaronius huttonianus Crie, 1889 a, Mataura; Upper Temaikan (Gallovian).

Pteridium esculentum (Forst.) Ckn.; Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene).

Pteris pterioides (Ettingshausen) Oliver, 1950, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian) [Dicksonia pterioides Ettingshausen and Sphenopteris pterioides (Ett.) McQueen].

Ruffordia goepperti Seward; Oliver, 1950, Mokoia; Temaikan to Heterian (Gallovian to Kimmeridgian) [Sphenopteris ( Ruffordia ) goepperti Bunker, Arber].

Sphenopteris currani ? (Tenison-Woods); Arber, 1917, Mokoia; Temaikan to Heterian (Gallovian to Kimmeridgian).

S. fittoni Seward, 1894, Waikato [Asplenium palaeopteris Unger].

S. ( Ruffordia) goepperti Bunker; Arber, 1917, Mokoia; Temaikan to Heterian (Gallovian to Kimmeridgian) [Ruffordia goepperti Seward; Oliver].

S. gorensis Arber, 1917, Mokoia; Temaikan to Heterian (Gallovian to Kimmeridgian).

S. cf. Sphenopteris lobifolia Morris; McQueen, 1954 b, Pukerau Plantation, Gore; Permian.

S. mackayi McQueen, 1956, Quail Flat; Ngaterian to Arowhanan (Turonian).

S. otagoensis Arber, 1917, Owaka Creek, Gatlins River; Upper Temaikan (Gallovian).

S. owakaensis Arber, 1917, Owaka Creek, Gatlins River; Upper Temaikan (Gallovian).

S. pterioides (Ettingshausen) McQueen, 1956, Pakawau and Shag Point; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian) [Dicksonia pterioides Ettingshausen and Pteris pterioides (Ett.) Oliver],

Sticherus obscurus (Ettingshausen) Oliver, 1950, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian) [Gleichenia ( Mertensia ) obscura Ettingshausen and Cladophlebis obscura (Ett.) McQueen].

Taeniopteris arctica Heer; Arber, 1917, Waikato Heads; Mokoiwian (Neocomian).

T. batleyensis Edwards, 1926, Batley, Kaipara; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

T. crassinervis (Feistmantel); Arber, 1917, Mataura Falls; Upper Temaikan (Gallovian).

T. daintreei McCoy; Arber, 1917, common in Jurassic localities. Specific epithet is probably a misprint for spatulata (see Edwards, 1934).

T. spatulata McClelland; Edwards, 1934, Malvern Hills, Hokonui Hills, Mokoia and Waikawa; Temaikan to Heterian (Gallovian to Kimmeridgian).

T. stipulata Hector ex McQueen, 1956, Shag Point, Quail Flat and Pakawau; Ngaterian to Haumurian (PTuronian to Maastrichtian).

T. thomsoniana Arber, 1917, Mt Potts; Otapirian (Rhaetian).

T. vittata Brongniart; Arber, 1917, Waikawa; Temaikan (Gallovian). Edwards (1934) combined the New Zealand species Taeniopteris vittata Brongn., T. arctica Heer and T. daintreei McClelland into the variable species T. spatulata.

Thinnfeldia sp. cf. Thinnfeldia argentinica (Geinitz); Arber, 1917, Clent Hills; Temaikan to Heterian (Gallovian to Kimmeridgian).

T. feistmanteli? (Gothan); Arber, 1917, Owaka Creek and Curio Bay; Temaikan (Gallovian).

T. lancifolia (Morris); Arber, 1917, Mt Potts, Hokonui Hills and Gatlins River; Otapirian to Upper Temaikan (Rhaetian to Gallovian).

T. odontopteroides (Morris); Arber, 1917, Clent Hills and Owaka Creek, Gatlins River; Upper Temaikan (Gallovian).

G. GYMNOSPERMS, CORDAITES, GYCADS

Araucaria danai Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

A. haastii Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point and Malvern Hills I; Piripauan (Upper Senonian) [wood, Araucarioxylon ettingshauseni Stopes].

Araucarioxylon australe Crie, 1889 a, Mataura and Toetoes (Toitoi) Bay; Temaikan (Gallovian) [Dadoxylon australe (Crie) Seward].

?A. ettingshauseni Stopes, 1914, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian) [Araucaria haastii Ettingshausen].

A. novae-zeelandiae Stopes, 1914, Amuri Bluff; Upper Cretaceous.

Araucarites cutchensis Feistmantel; Arber, 1917, Mokoia; Temaikan to Heterian (Gallovian to Kimmeridgian).

A. grandis Walkom; Edwards, 1934, Waikawa; Temaikan (Gallovian).

A. marshalli Edwards, 1926, Kaipara; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian).

Arthrotaxis novae-zeelandiae Florin, 1940, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian) [Sequoia novae-zeelandiae Ettingshausen].

Baiera robusta Arber, 1917, Mt Potts; Otapirian (Rhaetian).

Carnoconites ' cranwelli T, M. Harris, 1962, Waikato Heads; Mokoiwian (Tithonian to Neocomian).

Dacrydinium cupressinum Ettingshausen, 1887, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian).

Dacrydium praecupressinum Ettingshausen, 1887; Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

Dadoxylon australe (Grie) Seward; Edwards, 1934, Waikawa; Temaikan (Callovian) [Araucarioxylon australe Grie].

D. kaiparaensis Edwards, 1926, Bull’s Point, Kaipara; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian).

Dammara mantelli Ettingshausen, 1887, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian).

D. oweni Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point and Malvern Hills I; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

D. uninervis Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

Elatocladus conferta (Oldham and Morris); Arber, 1917; widely distributed in the Jurassic.

E. plana (Feistmantel); Edwards, 1934, Waikato Heads; Mokoiwian (Neocomian). [Elatocladus tenuifolia (McCoy) Arber],

E. tenuifolia (McCoy) Arber; Florin, 1940. [. E . plana (Feist.)].

Ginkgocladus novae-zeelandiae Ettingshausen, 1887, Wangapeka; Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene.

Ginkgo digitata (Brongn.) Heer; Bell, 1956, Black Jacks, Waitaki River; Rhaetian? Linguifolium lillieanum Arber, 1917, Mt Potts and Malvern Hills; Otapirian to Heterian (Rhaetian to Kimmeridgian).

L. waitakiense Bell, 1956, Black jacks, Waitaki River; Rhaetian? Nageiopsis longifolia? Fontaine; Arber, 1917, Waikato Heads; Mokoiwian (Tithonian to Neocomian) [? Podozamites lanceolatus (L. and H.) F. Braun],

Nicola zelandica Unger, 1864, Drury and Moutere Hills.

Nilssonia compta? (Phillips); Arber, 1917, Mokoia; Temaikan to Heterian (Callovian to Kimmeridgian).

N. elegans Arber, 1917, Mataura Falls; Upper Temaikan (Callovian).

Noeggerathiopsis hislopii (Bunbury); McQueen, 1954 b, Pukerau Plantation, Gore; Permian.

Pagiophyllum peregrinum (Lindley and Hutton); Arber, 1917, Mataura Falls; Upper Temaikan (Callovian).

Palissya bartrumi Edwards, 1934, Mokoia, Waikawa and Waikato Heads; Temaikan to Mokoiwian (Bajocian to Neocomian).

Phyllopteris exp ansa Walkom; McQueen, 1956, Quail Flat; ? Mangaotanean (PLower Senonian).

P. lanceolata Walkom; McQueen, 1956, Paparoa Coal Measures; ? Teratan (Lower Senonian).

Planoxylon hectori Slopes, 1916, Amuri Bluff; Upper Cretaceous.

Podocarpites tolleyi McQueen, 1954 a, Rangitawa Stream, Upper Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene).

Podocarpium cupressinum Ettingshausen, 1887, Pakawau, Grey River and Wangapeka; Piripauan to PWhaingaroan (Upper Senonian to PLattorfian).

P. dacrydioides Unger, 1864, Great Barrier Island and Waiau (Coromandel).

P. praedacrydioides Ettingshausen, 1887, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian) [ Podocarpus praedacrydioides (Ett.) Oliver].

P. tenuifolium Ettingshausen, 1887, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian).

P. ungeri Ettingshausen, 1887, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian).

Podocarpus hochstetteri Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

P. obtusifolius Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; ? Upper Miocene.

P. parked Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

P. praedacrydioides (Ettingshausen) Oliver, 1950, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian) [Podocarpium praedacrydioides Ettingshausen].

P. trinerva (Ettingshausen) Oliver, 1950, Wangapeka; Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene [Taxo-torrya trinerva Ettingshausen].

Podozamites gracilis Arber, 1917, Curio Bay; Temaikan (Callovian).

?P. lanceolatus (Lindley and Hutton) F. Braun [Nageiopsis longifolia? Fontaine],

Pterophyllum clarencianum McQueen, 1956, Quail Flat; PNgaterian to Arowhanan (PTuronian).

P. matauriensis Hector ex Arber, 1917, Mataura Falls; Upper Temaikan (Callovian).

Ptilophyllum acutifolium Morris; Arber, 1917, Curio Bay; Temaikan (Callovian).

P. seymouricum McQueen, 1956, Seymour River; PNgaterian to Arowhanan (? Turonian).

Sequoia novae-zeelandiae Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian) and Landslip Hill (PUpper Eocene to Oligocene) [Arthrotaxis novae-zeelandiae (Ettingshausen) Florin].

Taxodium distichum eocenicum Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian). Taxo-torreya trinerva Ettingshausen, 1887, Wangapeka; Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene [Podocarpus trinerva (Ett.) Oliver].

Zamites cf. Zamites takuraensis Walkom; McQueen, 1956, Coverham; Urutawan to Motuan (Albian).

D. ANGIOSPERMS—MONOCOTYLEDONS

Bamhusites australis Ettingshausen, 1887, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian), Grey River (Mid Eocene).

Caulinites otagoicus Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

Cocos zeylandica Berry, 1926, Cooper’s Beach; Altonian (Burdigalian).

Flabellaria sublongirhachis Ettingshausen, 1887, Grey River; Mid Eocene.

Haastia speciosa Ettingshausen, 1887, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian). (Genus is preoccupied by extant Haastia Hook. f. 1864.)

Poacites nelsonicus Ettingshausen, 1887, Wangapeka; Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene. Rhopalostylis sapida (Forst.) Wendl. and Drude; Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene).

Seaforthia zeelandica Ettingshausen, 1887, Kawarau Basin, Dunstan; Miocene? Typha angustifolia Linne; Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene).

T. robusta Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; PUpper Miocene.

E. ANGIOSPERMS—DICOTYLEDONS

Acer subtrilobatum Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

A. tasmani (Ettingshausen) Oliver, 1950, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian) [Aralia tasmani Ettingshausen].

Alnus novae-zeelandiae Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian) and Redcliff Gully (Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene).

Apocynophyllum affine Ettingshausen, 1887, Landslip Hill; PUpper Eocene to Oligocene.

A. elegans Ettingshausen, 1887, Landslip Hill; PUpper Eocene to Oligocene [ Pittosporum elegans (Ett.) Oliver, 1950, non Raoul].

A. inaequilaterale Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene) [Nothopanax edgerleyi Harms; McQueen],

A. novae-zelandiae Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene) [Nothopanax edgerleyi Harms; McQueen].

Aralia tasmani Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian) [Acer tasmani (Ett.) Oliver].

Artocarpidium arberi Laurent in Arber, 1917, Waikato Heads. Now known to come from Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian).

Beilschmiedia ovata Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene) [Parsonia obtusa Oliver].

B. tar air aides Penseler, 1930, Pukemiro Colliery; Runangan (Bartonian).

Betulites couperi McQueen, 1954 a, “ Erewhon ” Station, Rangitikei River; Opoitian (Lower Pliocene).

Calpida zealandica Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; ? Upper Miocene.

Carmichaelia australis R. Br.; Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene) [Carmichaelia sp.; McQueen, 1954].

Cassia pluvalis Penseler, 1930, Renown Colliery; Runangan (Bartonian).

C. pseudomemnonia Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

C. pseudophaseolites Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

Casuarina deleta Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

Casuarinites cretaceus Ettingshausen, 1887, Grey River (Mid Eocene), Pakawau (Upper Cretaceous), and Reef ton (Eocene). Localities uncertain.

Celastrophyllum australe Ettingshausen, 1887, Grey River; Mid Eocene.

Ceratopetalum kaikoraiensis Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; ? Upper Miocene.

C. pacificum Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene).

C. rivulare Ettingshausen, 1887, Grey River; Mid Eocene.

Cinnamomum haastii Ettingshausen, 1887, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian).

C. intermedium Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian) and Redcliff Gully (Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene).

C. waikatoensis Penseler, 1930, Pukemiro Colliery; Runangan (Bartonian).

Cissophyllum malvernicum Ettingshausen, 1887, Malvern Hills I; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

Clematis obovata Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene).

Coprosma australis (A. Rich.) Robinson; McQueen, 1954 a, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene) [ Coprosma vulcanica Oliver].

C. pliocenica Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; PUpper Miocene.

C. praerepens Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; PUpper Miocene.

C. pseudoretusa Penseler, 1930, Pukemiro Colliery; Runangan (Bartonian).

C. vulcanica Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene) [Coprosma australis (A. Rich.) Robinson].

Coriaria arborea Lindsay; Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene).

C. latepetiolata Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; ?Upper Miocene.

Cupanites novae-zeelandiae Ettingshausen, 1887, Grey River (Mid Eocene) and Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian).

Dalbergia australis Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

Dalbergiophyllum nelsonicum Ettingshausen, 1887, Wangapeka; Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene.

D. rivulare Ettingshausen, 1887, Grey River; Mid Eocene.

Daphnophyllum australe Ettingshausen, 1887, Weka Pass; Upper Cretaceous.

Diospyros novae-zeelandiae Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

Dryandra comptoniaefolia Ettingshausen, 1887, Trelissick Basin; Piripauan to PTeurian (Upper Senonian to PDanian).

Dryandroides pakawauica Ettingshausen, 1887, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian).

Dryophyllum duhium Ettingshausen, 1887, Landslip Hill; PUpper Eocene to Oligocene.

D. nelsonicum Ettingshausen, 1887, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian).

Elaeodendron rigidum Ettingshausen, 1887, Landslip Hill; PUpper Eocene to Oligocene.

Eucalyptus dubia Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

Euphorbia lingua (Unger) Oliver, 1950 [Myrtifolium lingua Unger].

Fagus australis Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; PUpper Miocene.

F. lendenfeldi Ettingshausen, 1887, Malvern Hills I: Piripauan (Upper Senonian) [ Nothofagus lendenfeldi (Ett.) Oliver].

F. maorica Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; PUpper Miocene.

F. nelsonica Ettingshausen, 1887, Wangapeka; Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene.

F. ninnisiana Unger, 1864, Pukemiro Colliery; Runangan (Bartonian) [Nothofagus ninnisiana (Unger) Oliver].

F. novae-zeelandiae Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; PUpper Miocene.

F. producta Ettingshausen, 1887, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian).

F. ulmifolia Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian) [Nothofagus ulmifolia (Ett.) Oliver].

Ficus similis Ettingshausen, 1887, Wangapeka; Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene.

F. sublanceolata Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

Geniostoma apiculata Penseler, 1930, Pukemiro Colliery; Runangan (Bartonian).

G. oblonga Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; PUpper Miocene.

Grewiopsis pakawauica Ettingshausen, 1887, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian).

Hebe salicifolia (Forst.) Pennell; Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene).

Hedycarya praecedens Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

Ixerba semidentata Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; PUpper Miocene.

Kaikoraia gracilis Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; PUpper Miocene.

Knightia excelsa R. Br.; McQueen, 1954 a, Ormond, Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene) [.Knightia fossilis Oliver and Qjuintinia waipaoensis Oliver].

K. fossilis Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene) [Knightia excelsa R. Br. and Quintinia waipaoensis Oliver].

K. oblonga Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; ?Upper Miocene.

Knightiophyllum primaevum Ettingshausen, 1887, Grey River ?.

Laurelia cuneata Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; ?Upper Miocene.

Laurophyllum tenuinerve Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

Leptospermum ericoides A. Rich.; McQueen, 1954 a, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene) [L. pliocenicum Oliver],

L. pliocenicum Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene) [L. ericoides A. Rich.; McQueen, 1954a].

Litsaea calicaris (A. Cunn.) Benth. and Hook. f.; Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene).

Loranthophyllum dubium Unger, 1864, Drury. Penseler (1930) states that this specimen comes from the Bay of Islands.

L. griselinia Unger, 1864, Manganui.

Loranthus otagoicus Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

Melicope elliptica Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene) [. Melicope ternata Forst.].

M. ternata Forst.; McQueen, 1954 a, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene) [Melicope elliptica Oliver].

Melicytus ramiflorus Forst.; Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene).

Metrosideros laeta Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; ?Upper Miocene.

M. pliocenica Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; PUpper Miocene.

Myrica praequercifolia Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

M. proxima Ettingshausen, 1887, Malvern Hills I; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

M. subintegrifolia Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

Myrtifolium lingua Unger, 1864, Drury; Runangan (Bartonian) [Euphorbia lingua (Unger) Oliver].

Nothofagus cf. N. cliffortioides x fusca; McQueen, 1954 a, Esk Valley; Nukumaruan (Lower Pleistocene).

N. fusca (Hook.) Oerst.; Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene) [Plagianthus betulinus McQueen].

N. kaikoraiensis Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; PUpper Miocene.

N. searellae McQueen, 1954 a, Esk Valley; Nukumaruan (Lower Pleistocene).

Nothofagus lendenfeldi (Ettingshausen) Oliver, 1950, Malvern Hills; Piripauan (Upper Senonian) [Fagus lendenfeldi Ettingshausen].

Nothofagus ninnisiana (Unger) Oliver, 1950, Pukemiro Colliery; Runangan (Bartonian) [Fagus ninnisiana Unger].

N. ulmifolia (Ettingshausen) Oliver, 1950, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian) [Fagus ulmifolia Ettingshausen].

Nothopanax distans Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; PUpper Miocene.

N. edgerleyi Harms; McQueen, 1954 a, Esk Valley and Ormond; Mid to Lower Pleistocene [Nothopanax reticulatum Oliver, Apocynophyllum novae-zelandiae Oliver and A. inaequilaterale Oliver].

N. reticulatum Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene) [Nothopanax edgerleyi Harms; McQueen].

Palaeocassia phaseolitoides Ettingshausen, 1887, Grey River; Mid Eocene.

Parafagus angustifolia Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; PUpper Miocene.

P. otakouia Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; PUpper Miocene.

P. pinnata Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; PUpper Miocene.

Paratrophis cuneata Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene).

Parsonsia obtusa Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene) [Beilschmiedia ovata Oliver].

Pennantia corymbosa Forst.; Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene).

Phymatocaryon bivalve Mueller; Berry, 1926, Cooper’s Beach; Altonian (Burdigalian).

Piper erewhonensis McQueen, 1954 a, “Erewhon” Station; Opoitian (Pliocene).

Pisonia oliveri Penseler, 1930, Pukemiro Colliery; Runangan (Bartonian).

P. purchasi (Ung.) Penseler, 1930, Pukemiro Colliery; Runangan (Bartonian) [Phyllites purchasi Unger].

Pittosporum cf. Pittosporum colensoi Hook, f.; McQueen, 1954 a, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene) [. Pittosporum oblongum Oliver].

Pittosporum oblongum Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene) [cf. P. colensoi Hook. f.j.

Plagianthus antiquus Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene).

P. betulinus A. Gunn.; McQueen, 1954 a, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene) [Nothofagus fusca (Hook.) Oerst.].

Planera australis Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point, Malvern Hills I and Trelissick Basin; Piripauan to ?Teurian (Upper Senonian to ?Danian).

Proteoides ohukaensis McQueen, 1954 a, Ohuka Creek; PNukumaruan (Pleistocene).

Pseudopanax crassifolium (Sol. ex A. Gunn.) C. Koch; Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene).

Quercus calliprinoides Ettingshausen, 1887, Grey River (Mid Eocene) and Wangapeka (Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene).

Q. celastrifolia Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

Q. deleta Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

Q. lonchitoides Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point, Malvern Hills I; Piripauan (Upper Senonian), Trelissick Basin; Piripauan to ?Teurian (Upper Senonian to ?Danian) and Redcliff Gully (Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene).

Q. nelsonica Ettingshausen, 1887, Wangapeka; Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene.

Q. pachyphylla Ettingshausen, 1887, Brunner Mine, Grey River; Mid Eocene.

Q. parkeri Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

Quintinia waipaoaensis Oliver, 1928, Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene) [ Knightia fossilis Oliver and Knightia excelsa R. Br.].

Rubus australis Oliver, 1928 (non. Forst. f.), Ormond; Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene). Specific name is preoccupied by R. australis Forst. f., 1786.

Rumex pachyperianthus McQueen, 1954 a, Rangitawa Stream; Upper Castlecliffian (Mid Pleistocene).

Santalum sub acker onticum Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

Sapindophyllum coriaceum Ettingshausen, 1887, Wangapeka; Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene.

Sapindus subfalcifolius Ettingshausen, 1887, Redcliff Gully; Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene.

Senecio pliocenicus Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; ?Upper Miocene.

Ulmophylon latifolium Ettingshausen, 1887, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian).

U. planeraefolium Ettingshausen, 1887, Pakawau; Piripauan to Haumurian (Upper Senonian to Maastrichtian).

U. pliocenicum Oliver, 1936, Kaikorai Valley; ? Upper Miocene.

Ulmus hectori Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

F. INCERTAE SEDIS

Carpolithus mckayi Arber, 1917, Wairoa Gorge; Triassic?

C. otagoicus Ettingshausen, 1887, Shag Point; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

C. zeelandica Edwards, 1926, Bull’s Point, Kaipara; Piripauan (Upper Senonian).

Phyllites brosimoides Unger, 1864, Nelson.

P. eucalyptroides Unger, 1864, Nelson.

P. ficoides Unger, 1864, Drury; ?Runangan (Bartonian).

P. kaiwakaensis McQueen, 1954 a, Esk Valley; Nukumaruan (Lower Pleistocene).

P. laurinium Unger, 1864, Drury; ?Runangan (Bartonian).

P. leguminosites Unger, 1864, Nelson.

P. nelsonianus Unger, 1864, Nelson.

P. novae-zealandiae Unger, 1864, Drury; ?Runangan (Bartonian).

P. purchasi Unger, 1864, Drury, Pukemiro Colliery; ?Runangan (Bartonian) [Pisonia purchasi Penseler].

P. quercoides Unger, 1864, Nelson.

Acknowledgments

The writer thanks Professor H. W. Wellman, Dr D. R. McQueen (Victoria University of Wellington), Dr G. A. Fleming, and Dr I. G. Speden (New Zealand Geological Survey) for reviewing the manuscript and suggesting changes in presentation.

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