Art. XI.—A Revision of the Classification of New Zealand Tortricina.

Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Volume 43, 1910, Page 78

Art. XI.—A Revision of the Classification of New Zealand Tortricina. By E. Meyrick, B.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S. Communicated by G. V. Hudson, F.E.S. [Read before the Wellington Philosophical Society, Wednesday, 6th July, 1910.] I Have lately been preparing a paper on the Australian species of Tortricina, and it seemed desirable to take the opportunity to revise the New Zealand species also. Considerable progress has been made in the study of the group since my paper in the “Transactions of the New Zealand Institute” for 1884; my views have been modified as to the relative value of some structural characters; the limits of the species, which are often very variable, are now better understood, and many additional forms have been discovered meanwhile. I have also corrected some unfortunate errors of identification. It should be understood that many of Walker's New Zealand types are in the most deplorable condition, sometimes reduced to one or two broken fragments. I therefore lately took up my whole collection of the group to the British Museum, in order to have the advantage of comparing all my material with the types, and I think I have now identified the whole of Walker's species of this group from Australia and New Zealand with approximate certainty. In regard to structural characters, I have come to the conclusion that the costal fold of the male is not of value as a generic character, and have therefore abandoned its use. More stress, on the other hand, has been laid on certain differences in the neuration of the hindwings and on the structure of the palpi.

After careful study I have concluded that the curious genus Isonomeutis is not correctly referable to this group, and it is removed to the Plutellidae. I have been assisted in this determination by obtaining an apparently allied genus from Queensland which possesses distinct maxillary palpi. The genus may be distinguished from all New Zealand Tortricina by having 6 and 7 of hindwings parallel. Carposinidae. Ocelli absent. Forewings with tufts of scales on surface; 2 from posterior fifth of cell, 7 to termen, separate. Hindwings with or without basal pecten on lower margin of cell; 5 absent, 6 usually absent or rudimentary, parallel to 7 when present, 7 to apex. Easily known by the peculiar neuration of hindwings. There are six Australian genera, but only one occurs in New Zealand. 1. Carposina H. S. Carposina H. S., Schm. Eur., vol., 5, p. 38 (1855); type, berberidella. Heterocrossa Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1882, p. 178; type, adreptella. Antennae in ♂ with moderate or long ciliations (1-4). Palpi long or very long, porrected, second joint with projecting scales above and beneath, terminal more or less concealed. Forewings: 8 separate. Hindwings with basal pecten on cell; in ♂ sometimes not developed; 3 and 4 stalked, 6 absent. Principally characteristic of the Hawaiian Islands and Australia, with stragglers in North America and Europe. 1. C. contactella Walk., Cat., vol. 35, p. 1813; Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1905, p. 235. Wellington. 2. C. thalamota Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1908, p. 12. Invercargill. 3. C. adreptella Walk., Cat., vol. 29, p. 654; Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 698; ib., Trans. N.Z. Inst. 1882, p. 66. Hamilton, Christchurch, Lake Wakatipu, Invercargill. Larva in shoots of Rubus. 4. C. iophaea Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1906, p. 118. Invercargill. 5.C. cryodana, Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1884, p. 148. Dunedin, Invercargill. 6. C. exochana Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1887, p. 76. Masterton, Wellington, Nelson. 7. C. charaxias Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1890, p. 98. Wellington. 8. C. eriphylla Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1887, p. 76. Wellington. 9. C. gonosemana Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1882, p. 179; Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 67: epomiana Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1884, p. 149. Wellington, Nelson, Otira River, Dunedin.

Tortricidae. Ocelli present. Forewings with 2 from before ¾ of lower margin of cell. Hindwings without basal pecten on lower margin of cell (except Epalxiphora and Ctenopseustis), 5 present. This is the principal family in New Zealand and Australia, but not generally elsewhere. It is distinguished from the Eucosmidae by the absence of the basal pecten of cell in hindwings; but three genera which possess this pecten (Ctenopseustis and Epalxiphora in New Zealand, and Sparganothis in America and subsequently Europe) must notwithstanding be included in the family on a consideration of the sum of their characters, the occurrence of the structure being perhaps due to reversion. In no genus of Eucosmidae is the pecten absent. 2. Proselena Meyr. Proselena Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 421; type, annosana. Prothelymna., Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 57; type, antiquana. Antennae in ♂ rather strongly ciliated. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint dilated with rough scales above and beneath, terminal short. Thorax smooth. Forewings with 7 to termen, 8 separate. Hindiwings with 3 from much before angle, remote and nearly equidistant from 2 and 4, 4 from angle, 5 rather approximated to 4 at base, transverse vein extremely oblique, 6 and 7 long-stalked. I now restrict this genus in its original sense, removing from it those forms in which veins 3 and 4 of hindwings are approximated at base, which have no near relationship with the original type. The genus now includes only one Australian species and two from New Zealand. 10. P. niphostrota Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1906, p. 117. Wellington, Invercargill. 11. P. antiquana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 307: maoriana, ib., p. 308; fusiferana, ib., p. 355; spoliatana, ib., p. 356; vetustana, ib., p. 358; morosana, ib., p. 382; accensana, ib, vol. 30, p. 983; nephelotana Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 57. Christchurch. 3. Pyrgotis Meyr. Pyrgotis Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 439; type, insigana. Antennae in ♂ moderately strongly ciliated. Palpi moderate, subascending, second joint with rough projecting scales beneath and towards apex above, terminal moderate. Thorax with posterior crest. Forewings with 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to termen. Hindwings with 3–5 sepaiate, equidistant, rather approximated towards base, 6 and 7 short-stalked. Now restiricted to one Australian and two New Zealand species. 12. P. pyramidias Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 571. Invercargill. 13. P. eudorana Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1884, p. 143. Taranaki.

4. Catamacta n.g. Antennae in ♂ moderately ciliately. Palpi rather long, porrected, second joint with projecting scales above and beneath, terminal moderate. Thorax without crest. Forewings with 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to termen. Hindwings with 3 and 4 approximated at base, 5 more or less approximated to 4, 6 and 7 stalked. Type, gavisana Walk. Contains only the following species, some of which I formerly wrongly referred to Adoxophyes, which is characterized by the peculiar position of vein 3 of forewings, which rises from lower margin of cell considerably before angle; this latter genus does not occur in New Zealand. 14. C. trichroa Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 578. Whangare. 15. C. rureana Feld., Reis. Nov., pl. 137, p. 47; camelina Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1890, p. 97. Wellington. 16. C. lotinana Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 40. Christchurch. Larva on Arundo conspicua. 17. C. gavisana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 312; ? innotatana, ib., p. 333; marginana, ib., p. 371; porphyreana Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 443; aoristana, ib., p. 446; conditana Meyr. (nec Walk.), Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 40. Auckland, Napier, Wellington, Nelson, Christchurch, Dunedin, Invercargill. Larva on Genista in gardens, but must also feed on a native plant. 5. Capua Steph. Capua Steph., III. Brit., Ent., vol. 4, p. 171 (1834); type, favillaceana, Epagoge Hb., Verz., p. 389 (1826); ? type, grotiana. Dichelia Guen., Micr. Ind., p. 7 (1845); type, grotiana. Teratodes Guen., Micr. Ind., P. 34 (1845); type, favillaceana. Antennae in ♂ ciliated. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint with more or less projecting scales above and beneath, terminal short. Thorax usually with slight crest. Forewings with 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to termen. Hindwings with 3 and 4 connate or seldom stalked, 5 approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 stalked. I do not adopt the name Epagoge, because (1) the application of it is dubious, as I do not admit the principle of accidental fixation by Stephen's use; and (2) I hold that the name Capua, which has over seventy years' use in a sense undoubtedly correct, is not to be overridden by an obsolete name now revived. Widely distributed, but much more numerous in Australia than elsewhere. 18. C. cyclobathra Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1906, p. 114. Invercargill. 19. C. zygiana Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 39. Christchurch. 20. C. tornota Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1906, p. 115. Invercargill.

21. C. plagiatana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 370; Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 441; Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 38: recusana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 371: luciplagana, ib., p. 381; Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 470; Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 36: punana Feld., Reis. Nov., pl. 137, p. 43: xylinana, ib., p. 44. Taranaki, Wellington, Blenheim, Christchurch, Otira River, Dunedin, Auckland Island. Larva on oak (Quercus), but must also feed on a native plant. 22. C. plinthoglypta Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1891, p. 218. Wellington. 23. C. semiferana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 306; Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 453; Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 37: detritana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 356: admotella, ib., p. 485: abnegatana, ib., vol. 30, p. 991: constrictana, ib., vol. 35, p. 1785. Whangarei, Hamilton, Taranaki, Napier, Wellington, Nelson, Castle Hill, Christchurch, Dunedin, Invercargill. Walker's type of Constrictana is said to be from Australia, but this is doubtless an error of record. 6. Eurythecta Meyr. Eurythecta Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 56; type, robusta. Antennae in ♂ ciliated. Palpi moderate, porrcted, second joint with projecting scales above and beneath, terminal short. Thorax without crest. Forewings with 4 absent, 7 separate, to termen, or absent. Hindwings 6 and 7 approximated at base. Confined to New Zealand, being a local development of the following genus. The first two species have vein 7 of the forewings absent, in the others it is present; the alliance being close in all other respects, and the genus being sufficiently defined as a whole, I think it needless to separate the two forms. 24. E. robusta Butl., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 403, fig. 17; Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 56: negligens Butl., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 404, fig. 18. Christchurch. 25. E. zelaea Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1905, p. 233. Dunedin. 26. E. potamias Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1908, p. 11. Invercargill. 27.E. paraloxa Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1906, p. 117. Invercargill. 28. E. loxias Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1887, p. 74. Mount Arthur (4,000ft.). 29. E. eremana Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1884, p. 144. castle Hill (2,500ft.), Invercargill. 7. Epichorista n.g. Antennae in ♂ ciliated. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint with rough projecting scales above and beneath, terminal short. Thorax without crest. Forewings with 7 separate, to termen. Hindwings with 3 and 4

separate, approximated at base, 5 rather approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 closely approximated towards base or seldom stalked. Type, E. hemionana. Veins 6 and 7 of hindwings are normally stalked in siriana only, but it does not appear necessary to separate the species. The genus is a development of Tortrix; besides the seven New Zealand species there are seven Australian, and I have recently obtained three from South Africa. 30. E. seriana Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 521; Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 43. Hamilton. 31. E. hemionana Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 43. Lake Guyon, Arthur's Pass, Dunedin. 32. E. elephantina Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1884, p. 143. Arthur's Pass (4,700ft.). 33. E. aspistana Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 42. Porter's Pass. 34. E. emphanes Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 571. Mount Peel. 35. E. zatrophana Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 46; ib., 1884, p. 144. Mount Arthur (2,600ft.), Arthur's Pass (2,600-3,000ft.), Christchurch. 36.E. eribola Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1888, p. 156. Otira River. 8. Ascerodes Meyr. Ascerodes Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1905, p. 234; type, prochlora. Antennae in ♂ biciliated with long fascicles. Palpi moderate, porrected, triangularly scaled with long rough projecting hairs diminishing to apex. Thorax without crest, hairy beneath. Forewings with 7 separate, to termen. Hindwings with 3 and 4 separate, approximated at base, 5 parallel, 6 and 7 closely approximated towards base. At present contains only the one species. 37. A. prochlora Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1905, p. 234. Humboldt Range (4,000ft.). 9. Tortrix L. Tortrix L., Syst. Nat. (ed. 10), vol. 1, p. 496 (1758); type, viridana. Antennae in ♂ ciliated. Palpi moderate or long, porrected, second joint with rough projecting scales above and beneath, terminal short or moderate. Thorax without crest. Forewings with 7 separate, to termen. Hindwings with 3 and 4 connate, 5 approximated towards base, 6 and 7 closely approximated towards base. This extensive genus is largely represented in all regions. The generic synonymy is considerable, but is not given here, as not affecting the New Zealand species. 38. T. pictoriana Feld., Reis. Nov., pl. 137, p. 55; Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 51. Christchurch, Mount Hutt, Lake Guyon, Lake Wakatipu.

39. T. Philopoana Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 515; Trans N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 52. Hamilton. 40. T. leucaniana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 370; Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 517; Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 53: intactella Walk., Cat., vol. 29, p. 652: pauculana, ib., vol. 35, p. 1781. Whangarei, Auckland, Hamilton, Taranaki, Napier, Wellington, Nelson, Christchurch, Invercargill. 41. T. demiana Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 51. Rakaia. 42. T. indigestana Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 520. Whangarei; common in Australia, whence it may have been artificially introduced. Larva in Australia on Hibbertia linearis, but very likely also on other plants. 43. T. aerodana Meyr., Proc., Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 520; Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 53. Whangarei, Hamilton, Napier. 44. T. charactana Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 492; Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 50. Auckland, Nelson, Christchurch. 45. T. orthropis Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 573. Wellington, Nelson, Dunedin. 46. T. postvittana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 297; Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p 502: retractana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 288: scitulana, ib., p. 298: basialbana, ib., p. 299: secretana, ib., p. 300: consociana, ib., p. 311: reversana, ib., p. 321: foedana, ib., p. 321: vicariana Walk., Char. Het., p. 82. Wellington, Christchurch; undoubtedly introduced from Australia, where is is plentiful. Larva polyphagous, on Grevillea, Boronia, &c.; has been bred from apples. 47. T. torogramma Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1897, p. 388. Wellington. 48. T. conditana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 306; enoplana Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 49; astrologana Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1888, p. 156. Wellington. This is a very variable species, hitherto not understood; on the other hand, I think the Tasmanian specimen which I associated with astrologana is really not identical. 49. T. syntona Meyr., Subantarctic Islands of N.Z., vol. 1, p. 73. Auckland Island. 50. T. alopecana Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1884, p. 147. Bealey River. Larva in spun shoots of Phyllocladus alpinus. 51. T. excessana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 303; Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 491; Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 48: biguttana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 305: ? abjectana, ib., vol. 35, p. 1781. Auckland, Wellington, Nelson, Christchurch, Dunedin. Larva between joined leaves of Panax arboreum, and probably other shrubs. 52. T. acrocausta Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1906, p. 116. Christchurch, Invercargill. 53. T. fervida Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 572. Kaitoke.

54. T. molybditis Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1906, p. 116. Wellington. Larva case-bearing, on moss. 55. T. crypsidora Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1908, p. 11. Tararua Range (3,500ft.), Invercargill. 10. Epalxiphora Meyr. Epalxiphora Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 647; type axenana Antennae in ♂ ciliated. Palpi moderate, subascending, second joint with dense tolerably appressed scales somewhat expanded towards apex, terminal moderate. Thorax with large erect on each side of back, and small double posterior crest. Forewings with 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to termen. Hindwings with basal pecten on lower margin of cell, 3 and 4 separate, 3, 4, and 5 more or less closely approximated towards base, 6 and 7 stalked. The single peculiar species which constitutes this genus is very variable, but can be recognized from all others by the triple thoracic crest. 56. E. axenana Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 648; Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 58; ib., 1884, p. 147. Auckland, Taranaki, Palmerston, Wellington. 11. Ctenopseustis Meyr. Ctenopseustis Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1884, p. 146; type, obliquana. Antennae in ♂ shortly ciliated. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint with projecting scales above and beneath, terminal short. Thorax without crest. Forewings with 7 separate, to termen. Hindwings with basal pecten on lower margin of cell, 3 and 4 connate, 5 approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 closely approximated towards base. Also including only one very variable species. 57. C. obliquana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 302; Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 60; ib., 1884, p. 146: spurcatana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 305; Meyr., Proc. Linn Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 487: sevana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 306: priscana, ib., p. 307: congestana, ib., p. 308: transtrigana, ib., p. 354: turbulentana, ib., p. 355: cuneiferana, ib., vol. 35, p. 1780: contractana, ib., p. 1782: ropeana Feld. Reis. Nov., pl. 137, p. 45: taipana, ib., p. 46: herana, ib., p. 52 inana Butl., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 403, fig. 13. Whangarei, Auckland, Hamilton, Taranaki, Napier, Wellington, Nelson, Christchurch, Dunedin. Larva amongst spun leaves of Veronica, Lonicera, &c. 12. Harmologa Meyr. Harmologa., Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 44; type, oblongana. Trachybathra Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1906, 114; type, scoliastis. Antennae in ♂ ciliated. Palpi moderate or long, porrected, second joint with rough projecting scales above and beneath, terminal moderate. Thorax with crest. Forewings with 7 separate, to termen. Hindwings with 3, 4, 5 approximated towards base, 6 and 7 stalked.

Besides the following species there are two Australian. The example described as the type of Trachybathra appears to be a singular instance of abnormal neuration; it has 7 and 8 of forewings stalked and 4 of hindwings absent, but a second example subsequently obtained has the normal structure of Harmologa. These two examples unquestionably represent the same species, and the only possible conclusion seems that the first is a structural aberration or monstrosity. 58. H. amplexana Zell., Zool. Bot. Ver., 1875, p. 222; Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 494; Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 47: vilis Butl., Proc. Zool, Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 402, fig. 15. Wellington, Greymouth, Christchurch, Dunedin, Lake Wakatipu. 59. H. aenea. Butl., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 402; Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 46. Porter's Pass, Mount Hutt. 60. H. siraea Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1884, p. 145. Arthur's Pass (4,500ft.), Mount Arthur (4,000-4,500ft.). 61. H. epicura n. sp. ♂. 16 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax fuscous mixed with ferruginous-brownish. Antennal ciliations ¾. Abdomen bronzy-grey. Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa gently arched, somewhat bent in middle, with fold reaching to middle, apex obtuse, termen almost straight, rather oblique; fuscous, somewhat tinged with ferruginous-brownish; markings indefinite, formed by brownish suffusion mixed with ferruginous and pale-ochreous scales; a moderate basal patch, outer edge somewhat curved; central fascia moderately broad, oblique, rather narrowed towards costa; apical area beyond a line from ⅔ of costa to tornus irregularly striated: cilia pale greyish-ochreous somewhat mixed with ferruginous-ochreous, with a purplish-grey subbasal shade. Hindwings dark grey; cilia whitish-grey, with grey subbasal shade. Castle Hill (3,000ft.), in January; one specimen. 62. H. achrosta Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 572. Mount Arthur. 63. H. scoliastis Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1906, p. 114. Lake Wakatipu. 64. H. oblongana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 303; Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 489; Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 45: inaptana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 304: cuneigera Butl., Cist. Ent., vol. 2, p. 559. Blenheim, Christchurch, Castle Hill, Dunedin, Lake Wakatipu. Larva in dense web on Discaria toumatou, and probably other plants. 65. H. sisyrana Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 44. Wellington, Christchurch. 66. H. hemiclista Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1905, p. 233. Wellington. 13. Cnephasia Curt. Cnephasia Curt., Brit. Ent., vol. 3, p. 100 (1826); type, pascuana, Sciaphila Treits., Schmett. Eur., vol. 7, p. 233 (1829); type, wahlbomiana. Dipterina Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 523; type, imbriferana. Antennae in ♂ ciliated. Palpi moderate or long, porrected, second joint with projecting scales above and beneath, terminal moderate. Thorax

sometimes with small crest. Forewings with 7 separate, to termen. Hindwings with 3 and 4 connate, 5 approximated to 4, 6 and 7 stalked. A rather extensive genus, but principally in temperate regions. 67. C. incessana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 304; Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 529; Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 55. Auckland, Taranaki, Christchurch. 68. C. jactatana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 317; Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 54: flexivittana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 353: privatana, ib., p. 382: voluta Feld., Reis. Nov., p1. 137, p. 39. Whangarei, Auckland, Taranaki, Palmerston, Makotuku, Wellington, Nelson, Christchurch, Dunedin. 69. C. sphenias Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1908, p. 11. Invercargill. 70. C. latomana Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1884, p. 145. Mount Arthur (4,400-4,600 ft.), Arthur's Pass(4,700 ft.). 71. C. petrias Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 572. Invercargill. 72. C. imbriferana Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 527; Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 55. Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Dunedin. Eucosmidae. Ocelli present. Forewings with 2 from before ¾ of lower margin of cell. Hindwings with basal pecten on lower margin of cell, 5 present. This family is very scantily represented in New Zealand, though very numerous throughout the Northern Hemisphere. The total absence of the very large genus Argyroploce is particularly noticeable. 14. Hendecasticha Meyr. Hendecasticha Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 691; type, aethaliana. Antennae in ♂ ciliated, with an excavated notch in stalk towards base. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint with dense rough projecting hairs-above and beneath, terminal short. Thorax without crest. Forewings with 7 absent, 8 to costa. Hindwings with 4 absent, 5 somewhat approximated towards 3 at base, 6 and 7 stalked. Contains only the single species; a local modification of Spilonota. 73. H. aethaliana Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 692; Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 64. Hamilton. 15. Spilonota Steph. Spilonota Steph., Cat. Brit. Ins., p. 173 (1829); type, ocellana Tmetocera Led., Wien. Ent. Mon., 1859, p. 367; type, ocellana Monilia Walk., Cat., vol. 35, p. 1741 (1866); type, semicanella, Strepsiceros Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 678 (praeocc.); type, ejectana. Strepsicrates Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1886, p. 73; type, ejectana. Antennae in ♂ ciliated, with an excavated notch in stalk towards base. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint with dense rough projecting scales

above and beneath, sometimes tufted beneath, terminal short. Thorax without crest. Forewings 7 separate, to termen. Hindwings with 3 and 4 long-stalked or coincident, 5 closely approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 approximated towards base. A genus of moderate extent and wide distribution, but principally Australian; two of the New Zealand species occur also in Australia. 74. S. charopa Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1887, p. 73. Whangarei, Auckland. 75. S. dolopaea Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1905, p. 232. Wellington. 76. S. parthenia Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1887, p. 73. Auckland. 77. S. zopherana Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 688; Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 64. Hamilton, Wellington, Christchurch, Dunedin. Also in Australia. 78. S. emplasta Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 571. Invercargill. 79. S. chaophila Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1908, p. 10. Wellington. 80. S. ejectana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 350; Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 681; Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 63: servilisana Walk., Cat., vol. 28, p. 356: saxana, ib., p. 357: ligniferana, ib., p. 363. Hamilton, Palmerston, Wellington, Christchurch, Lake Wakatipu. Also common and widely distributed in Australia. Larva amongst spun leaves and shoots of Kunzea capitata and Darwinia fasciculata. 16. Eucosma Hb. Eucosma Hb., Zutr. Exot. Schm., p. 28 (1823); type, circulana. Epiblema Hb., Verz., p. 365 (1826); type, foenella. Protithona Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 62; type, fugitivana. Exoria Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 65; type, mochlophorana. Parienia Berg., Com. Mus. Buen. Air., vol. 1, p. 78 (1899); type, mochlophorana. Antennae in ♂ ciliated. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint with dense rough projecting scales above and beneath, terminal short. Thorax without crest. Forewings with 7 separate, to termen. Hindwings with 3 and 4 usually stalked, sometimes connate or coincident, 5 approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 approximated towards base. A very extensive genus, but principally characteristic of the Northern Hemisphere. The full generic synonymy includes a large number of additional names. 81. E. mochlophorana Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 65. Rakaia, Lumsden. 82. E. aphrias Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 578. Invercargill. 83. E. fugitivana Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 62. Lake Coleridge.

17. Bactra Steph. Bectra Steph., III., p. 124 (1834); type, lanceolana. Aphelia Steph., Cat. Brit. Ins., p. 180 (1829) (praeocc.); type, lanceolana. Chiloides. Butl., Ann. Mag. N.H. (5), vol. 7, p. 392 (1881); type, straminea. Noteraula Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1891, p. 217; type, noteraula. Antennae in ♂ ciliated. Palpi moderate or long, porrected, second joint with projecting scales above and beneath, terminal short. Thorax without crest. Forewings with 7 separate, to termen. Hindwings with 3,4,5 closely approximated at base, 6 and 7 stalked. A rather considerable genus of wide distribution, of which the species are very similar and puzzling, and have been involved in much confusion. Some of the species, and very possibly all, are attached to various species of Juncus. There is often much variability, but the length of palpi, form of forewings, and colour of hindwings are important and reliable characters. 84. B. noteraula Wals., Faun. Haw., vol. 1, p. 689; straminea Meyr.(nec Butl.), Trans. N.Z. Inst. 1884, p. 142. Taranaki, Wanganui, Otaki, Mangatarera River, Nelson. 85. B. optanias n. sp. ♀. 17–18 mm. Head and thorax light brownish-ochreous, sometimes suffused with light brown-reddish, thorax sometimes mixed with grey. Palpi 2 ½, whitish-ochreous sometimes partially suffused with light brown-reddish, two oblique bands and scales of second joint beneath suffused with grey, base whitish. Abdomen pale grey or whitish-grey. Forewings elongate, narrow, posteriorly slightly dilated, costa slightly arched, apex obtuse, termen straight, oblique; pale brownish-ochreous, sometimes much suffused with ferruginous, variably sprinkled or sometimes largely irrorated with fuscous, veins posteriorly sometimes marked with fuscous lines; costa with short oblique strigulae of dark-fuscous irroration, between which on posterior half are longer oblique leaden-metallic marks, some of which are sometimes continued as indistinct irregular striae across wing; sometimes a broad suffused median streak of blackish irroration from base to apex, or in its place a longitudinal series of several irregular black spots or marks: cilia pale ochreous or grey, more or less sprinkled with black. Hindwings grey-whitish, apex somewhat suffused with grey; cilia grey-whitish, round apex greyer, with grey subbasal line. Hamilton, in January; three specimens. Also widely distributed in Australia, but the above description is taken solely from my New Zealand examples. 86. B. sideritis Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1905, p. 232. Wellington (?). 18. Laspeyresia Hb. Laspeyresia Hb., Verz., p. 381 (1826); type, corollana. Carpocapsa Tr., Schmett. Eur., vol. 7, p. 231; type, pomonella. Antennae in ♂ ciliated. Palpi moderate, more or less ascending, second joint arched, with short projecting scales beneath, terminal joint short. Thorax without crest. Forewings with 7 separate, to termen. Hindwings with 3 and 4 connate or stalked, 5 nearly parallel to 4, 6 and 7 approximated towards base.

A considerable genus, generally distributed, but only represented in New Zealand by a single introduced species. 87. L. pomonella Linn., Syst. Nat., vol. 10, p. 538; Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1881, p. 657; Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1882, p. 61. Wellington, Nelson, Christchurch. Larva in apples; a well-known pest, now nearly cosmopolitan. Index of Specific Names. The references are to the specific numbers in the preceding list. Names in italics are synonyms. abjectana Walk. 51 abnegatana Walk. 23 accensana Walk. 11 achrosta Meyr. 62 acrocausta Meyr. 52 admotella Walk. 23 adreptella Walk. 3 aenea Butl. 59 aerodana Meyr. 43 aethaliana Meyr. 73 alopecana Meyr. 50 amplexana Zell. 58 antiquana Walk. 11 aoristana Meyr. 17 aphrias Meyr. 82 aspistana Meyr. 33 astrologana Meyr. 48 axenana Meyr. 56 basialbana Walk. 46 biguttana Walk. 51 camelina Meyr. 15 chaophila Meyr. 79 charactana Meyr. 44 charaxias Meyr. 7 charopa Meyr. 74 conditana Meyr. 17 conditana Walk. 48 congestana Walk. 57 consociana Walk. 46 constrictana Walk. 23 contactella Walk. 1 contractana Walk. 57 cryodana Meyr. 5 crypsidora Meyr. 55 cuneiferana Walk. 57 cureigera Butl. 64 cyclobathra Meyr. 18 demiana Meyr. 41 detritana Walk. 23 dolopaea Meyr. 75 ejectana Walk. 80 elephantina Meyr. 32 emphanes Meyr. 34 emplasta Meyr. 78 enoplana Meyr. 48 epicura Meyr. 61 epomiana Meyr. 9 eremana Meyr. 29 eribola Meyr. 36 eriphylla Meyr. 8 eudorana Meyr. 13 excessana Walk. 51 exochana Meyr. 6 fervida Meyr. 53 flexivittana Walk. 68 foedana Walk. 46 fugitivana Meyr. 83 fusiferana Walk. 11 gavisana Walk. 17 gonosemana Meyr. 9 hemiclista Meyr. 66 hemionana Meyr. 31 herana Feld. 57 imbriferana Meyr. 72 inana Butl. 57 inaptana Walk. 64 incessana Walk. 67 indigestana Meyr. 42 innotatana Walk. 17 intactella Walk. 40 iophaea Meyr. 4 jactatana Walk. 68 latomana Meyr. 70 leucaniana Walk. 40 ligniferana Walk. 80 lotinana Meyr. 16 loxias Meyr. 28 luciplagana Walk. 21 maoriana Walk. 11 marginana Walk. 17 mochlophorana Meyr. 81 molybditis Meyr. 54

morosana Walk. 11 negligens Butl. 24 nephelotana Meyr. 11 niphostrota Meyr. 10 noteraula Wals. 84 obliquana Walk. 57 oblongana Walk. 64 optanias Meyr. 85 orthropis Meyr. 45 paraloxa Meyr. 27 parthenia Meyr. 76 pauculana Walk. 40 petrias Meyr. 71 philopoana Meyr. 39 pictoriana Feld. 38 plagiatana Walk. 21 plinthoglypta Meyr. 22 pomonella Linn. 87 porphyreana Meyr. 17 postvittana Walk. 46 potamias Meyr. 26 priscana Walk. 57 privatana Walk. 68 prochlora Meyr. 37 punana Feld. 21 pyramidias Meyr. 12 recusana Walk. 21 retractana Walk. 46 reversana Walk. 46 robusta Butl. 24 ropeana Feld. 57 rureana Feld. 15 saxana Walk. 80 scitulana Walk. 46 scoliastis Meyr. 63 secretana Walk. 46 semiferana Walk. 23 servana Walk. 57 servilisana Walk. 80 sideritis Meyr. 86 siraea Meyr. 60 siriana Meyr. 30 sisyrana, Meyr. 65 sphenias Meyr. 69 spoliatana Walk. 11 spurcatana Walk. 57 straminea Meyr. 84 syntona Meyr. 49 taipana Feld. 57 thalamota Meyr. 2 tornota Meyr. 20 torogramma Meyr. 47 transtrigana Walk. 57 trichroa Meyr. 14 turbulentana Walk. 57 vetustana Walk. 11 vicariana Walk. 46 vilis Butl. 58 voluta Feld. 68 xylinana Feld. 21 zatrophana Meyr. 35 zelaea Meyr. 25 zopherana Meyr. 77 zygiana Meyr. 19 Addendum. The following names are not included in the above list, in the absence of certain identification :— Sciaphila infimana Walk., Cat., vol. 30, p. 986. Greatly damaged, but appears to be a species otherwise unknown to me, allied to Spilonota. Teras punctilineana Walk., Cat., vol. 35, p. 1780. Type lost. I cannot recognize the description. Paedisca mahiana Feld., Reis. Nov., pl. 137, p. 40. Apparently a distinct insect, but it is highly probable that the alleged New Zealand origin is a mistake. Teras flavescens Butl., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 402. This is apparently a Tortrix allied to excessana and acrocausta; perhaps a good species otherwise unknown, but might be an abnormal variety.