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shortages of transport, sources of power, materials, industrial equipment, and consumption goods prevailing, particularly in the devastated countries that are members of the United Nations. "An increase in the standard of living in less-advanced countries (particularly those with large agricultural populations) is an urgent necessity for these countries and will be a powerful factor in promoting full employment throughout the world." The influence of economic conditions in one country on conditions in other countries is clearly recognized in these words introducing paragraph 9, which then goes 011 to suggest various measures of international concern that would assist these countries to develop their resources and to make the transfer from war to peace production with the least possible disturbance. " The resumption and expansion of world trade " are mentioned in paragraph 11; while paragraph 12 draws " the attention of the appropriate organs of the United Nations Organization to the importance of promoting arrangements which will enable countries to bring their balances of payments into equilibrium by methods which permit them to maintain full employment without recourse to abnormal or unduly prolonged borrowing from abroad, or to the creation of unreasonable barriers to international trade." Perhaps the outstanding feature of the Resolution is its clear recognition of " the responsibility of Governments to take all steps within their power, in collaboration with workers' and •employers' organizations and industry generally, to establish such economic and, financial (including fiscal) conditions as will facilitate the absorption into useful employment, at the highest practicable levels of remuneration, of all members of the population of working age who are able to work and willing to accept such employment." (2) Welfare of Children and Young Persons (Item III) The Conference adopted four Draft Resolutions submitted by the Committee concerning the protection of children and young workers. These Resolutions are shown in full as an Appendix to this report. The Resolutions were :■ — (1) Resolution concerning the Protection of Children and Young Workers (Appendix 2) : (2) Resolution concerning the Youth of Liberated Countries (Appendix 3) : (3) Resolution concerning the Regulation of Underground Work of Young Persons in Mines (Appendix 4) : (4) Resolution concerning the setting-up of an Advisory Committee on Juvenile Work (Appendix 5) : (s') Resolution concerning the Extension to Agriculture of Medical Examination for Fitness for Employment of Children and Young Persons under Sixteen Years (Appendix 6) : (6) Resolution concerning the Revision of the Night-work (Young Persons) Convention, 1919 (Appendix 7). ■ These Resolutions will be examined by the International Labour Office and submitted to the member Governments for consideration and comments with a view to a further discussion at the next Conference. (3) Matters arising out of the Work of the Constitutional Committee (Item IV) ' The Committee set up by the Conference to deal with the Constitution of the International Labour Organization was faced with many difficult and urgent problems. As certain proposed amendments were of immediate urgency they were dealt with and other matters less urgent were referred to a working committee

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