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" Nor would it be the purpose of the Organization to compel a member to remain in the Organization if its rights and obligations as such were changed by Charter amendment in which it has not concurred and which it finds itself unable to accept, or if an amendment duly accepted by the necessary majority in the Assembly or in a general Conference fails to secure the ratification necessary to bring such amendment into effect. " It is for these considerations that the Committee has decided to abstain from recommending insertion in the Charter of a formal clause specifically forbidding or permitting withdrawal." When the report of Commission I embodying the above text on withdrawal came before the full Conference, the Chairman of the delegation of the U.S.S.R. placed on record his dissent from the text, on the ground that it condemned in advance the reasons for which a State might withdraw from the Organization. PRINCIPAL ORGANS New Zealand, like several other countries, moved an amendment to the effect that the Economic and Social Council should be included in the list of principal organs. This was done. The Trusteeship Council was also included. The delegate of Uruguay moved that representation and participation in the organs of the Organization should be open both to men and women under the same conditions. The motion was supported by several delegates. Indeed, there was no evidence of opposition to the principle of equal rights, but some delegates thought that this was a matter which could now be taken for granted and did not require express mention in the Charter. After an extremely prolonged discussion in Committee and consideration by a sub-committee, the following text was adopted:— " The United Nations shall place no restrictions on the eligibility of men and women to participate in any capacity and under conditions of equality in the principal and subsidiary organs." (Article 8 of Charter.) At the meeting of the Commission which considered the Committee's report the New Zealand delegate (the Right Honourable P. Fraser) welcomed the clause as a clear and definite statement of the principle of sex equality and as due recognition of the part played by women in the war, and paid a tribute to the work done by the women delegates of the Conference, especially those from Latin America. SECRETARIAT The original text of the Dumbarton Oaks Chapter X on the Secretariat has been considerably amplified in the Charter. Amendments asserting the international character of the Secretariat were put forward by the sponsoring Powers as well as by New Zealand, Canada, and other States. A sub-committee, on which New Zealand was represented, was asked to collate the amendments and the texts recommended by it appear as Articles 98-101 of the Charter. Articles 98, 99, and 100 were adopted unanimously by the Committee. The adoption of Article 99 followed the rejection of two amendments, of which one would have authorized the SecretaryGeneral to bring to the attention of the General Assembly, as well as of the Security Council, any matter which in his opinion might threaten international peace and security, and the other would have authorized the Secretary-General to bring to the attention of the Security Council any matter which constituted an infringement or variation of the principles of the Charter. The New Zealand representative opposed both these amendments on the grounds that the Secretary-General was primarily an administrative officer, and that to impose upon him political responsibility (additional to the important new responsibilities conferred under Article 99) might, on balance, impair his usefulness,

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