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Index to Contents— continued. Part I.—Thk Geology and Botany of the Page Part 11. — The Reclamation <>f the p sgP Dunes— continued. Dunes — continued. 11. Botany— oontinued. [lx Methods of reclamation— continued. (/'.) Preserving dune-areas as farm-lands—con-(A.) Ecological botany— continued. tinned. («.) The plant associations of the New Zealand , iv , Grassing operations— continued. sand-dunes .. .. ..27 (,8.) Pasture and its relation to drifting (i.) General .. .. ..27 sand ,_ - )3 (n.) Dune associations proper .. 27 (7.) Grasses, clovers, and other fodder (a.) Sand-grass dunes .. 27 plants for sand-pastures .. 54 (0.) Pcs copras dunes .. 28 (a.) General 54 (7.) Dunes of the Auckland (b-) The nnnua j | upmg> anrl (hpjr Wfnds .. .. 28 employment .. . 54 («.) Shrub dunes .. ..28 (f . , (; rass( . s ,_ (a.) Sand-shrub dunes .. 28 (d.) Clovers 56 (b.) Heath dunes .. 29 (*.) The type of seed to be sown . 56 (<•) B"uted dunes . .. 30 ((! .) The grassing .. ..57 (a.) Shrubby and grassy _ (a.) General .. ..57 , ' lml( ' •• •• ■'"' (b.) Grassing after marram .. .17 •„„ (0.) Dune fares! .. 30 (0.) Treatment of surface wounds, (in.) Hollows and sand-plains .. 30 blow-outs, &c. .. 57 (a.) General.. .. 30 (d.) Treatment of sand-plains and OS.) The mois! sand-plam or hollows .-,8 „ h "","\ . •• ■• jjj (I.) General .. .. 58 7.) Manuka heath .. .. 31 (2.) Treatment of sandy fields 58 J.) Lakes and swamps .. 32 (3.) Sandy hollows without («. Dry hollow S .. .32 1,,,,,,,,, M (£) Rapid diift on to sand-plain 32 (4.) Scrubby hollows 58 (~) Stony plain .. ..32 (c.) Seed-mixtures .. 59 (iv.) Inland dunes 33 (|.) General .. 59 («.) Centra Otago .. .. 38 (2 ., Table for computing seed(/S.) Canterbury Plain .. 33 mixtures 59 (7) Volcanic plateau 33 (3.) Method of calculating (».) Ancient dunes of Stewart amount of seed requirea 59 , . lB fand .. S3 (4-) Seed-mixtures for special («.) Ancient dunes near Bluff , purposes .. . 80 „ L Harbour. Southland .. 32 L 4.) For sandy flats 80 (B.) Moristic botany . 33 (B.) For moist hollows .. 80 -.General remarks . . . 33 (C.) For dry hollows .. 60 (b.) Li-t of the indigenous Ptendophyta and (ll] (; ,, |(Ta| |n|x( , lr( . fof Spermophyta .. 34 permanent pasture (c) List of the naturalized plants .. .. 12 on stable hflls .. 60 „ ~ ,„ ~ ~ l/ '--) POl sowing amongst Part ll.—The Reclamation ok thk, Dink-.. marram 80 I. Introduction .. .. .. .. 4,' i (»'.) Afforestation of dunes .. .. gn (a.) General .. .. .. ..43 (i.) General .. .. .. .. tin (b.) Marram-grass and tree.lupin as plants (ii.) The more important lives and shrubs for dime-fixing .. ..44 for dune-afforestation .. ..61 (i.) Marram-grass .. .. ..44 (a.) Spray-resisting species .. (il (ii.) Tree-lupin .. .. ..44 (a.) Olearia Traversii .. (il 11. The present condition of the dune-areas .. 15 (b.) Pinus pinaster ~ til 111. Methods of reclamation .. .. .. 46 (c.) Araucaria excelm ill (a.) General .. .. .. .. 46 (d.) Cupressut macrocarpa .. 6] (b.) The planting of marram-grass .. ..47 (c.) Pinut insignia .. 11l (i.) Time of planting .. ..47 (f.) Pinua muricata .. .. <;2 (ii.) Preparing the plants .. ..47 (g.) Tamarix gallica .. .'.62 (iii.) Methods of planting .. ..47 (h.) Lupinut arboreus .. 62 (a.) Spade planting .. ..47 (0.) Trees not tolerating sea-spray but (ff.) Long-handled shovel plant- growing well in sand .. ' ..62 iug .. .. ..I" (a.) Various species of Eucalyptut 62 (7.) Plough planting .. .. ts (b.) Various species of Acacia .. 62 (5.) Geiman methods of planting 48 (1.) Acacia melanoxi/lon . 62 ( £ ) Distance apart of the bunches 48 (2.) The various 'Australian (r.) Management of marram-areas . . 48 wattles .. 62 \d.) Cost of marram-grass planting .. .. 49 (3.) Other species of Acacia.'. 62 (r.) Establishing tree-lupin .. ..49 (c.) Willows ~ 62 (/.) Sand-fences and ground-coverings .. 49 (d.) Poplars .. .. 63 (i.) General .. .. .. 49 (c.) Various lands of pine-trees .. 63 (ii.) Catching-fences .. .. 50 (f. ; Alnus glutinosa ..63 (iii.) Wind-fences .. .. .. 50 (iii.) Methods of establishing the trees .. 63 ('/.) Checking sand-movements .. .. 50 (a.) General.. .. .. 63 (i.) Protection-belts .. .. 50 (,A) Establishing plantations from seed 63 (ii.) The foredune .. .. ..51 (a.) General .. .. 63 (a.) General.. .. .. 51 (b.) Methods of procedure 63 (8.) Method of construction .. 51 (7.) Tree-planting .. .. '.! 64 (7.) Artificial foredunes in New (a.) Genera] .. 64 Zealand .. .. 52 (b.) The plantiiiL' .. .64 (A.) Preserving dune-areas as farm-lands .. 52 (c.) The nature of the ground to be (i.) General .. .. ..52 planted.. .. .64 (ii.) Burning .. 62 j (d.) The use of manures '.' 65 (iii.) Treatment of the dune-complex.. 52 IV. Dune-reclamation from the national standpoint 65 (iv.) (irassing operations .. ..53 V. List of plants suitable for dune-cultivation in (a.) General.. .. .. .">:{ New Zealand .. .. .. ..66 AI'PKNIIIX. I. List of works consulted .. .. .. .. .. .. y, (a.) General literature .. .. .. .. .. .. ~ -■ (6.) Literature relating to the New Zealand dunes .. .. .. .. -•> 11. The Sand Drift Act.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .' y B