E.—la.

Geography.—For Civil Service Junior. Time allowed: Three hours. [Note.—Candidates are requested to answer only eight questions, choosing any four from each of the sections a and a. bketch maps and diagrams should be used wherever applicable.] Section A. 1. Serviceton is situated in 141° E. longitude, on the border of Victoria and South Australia ■ what is the true local time when it is noon at Greenwich ? Explain carefully the reasons for your answer. When it is noon at Greenwich Observatory the clock on the Victorian platform at the Serviceton Bailway-station marks 10 p.m., and that on the South Australian platform indicates 9.30 p.m.: account for the difference in time between the two railway clocks. 2. How do you account for the following facts :— (a.) It is colder in winter than in summer. (b.) More dew is deposited during clear calm nights than during cloudy or windy nights. (c.) The high tides are higher at new moon and full moon than at any other time°of the month. 3. Explain carefully the nature and origin of the following: delta, volcano, estuary, continental island, canon. Give one clear example of each. 4. (a.) What is a barometer ? Define cyclone, isobar. (Draw illustrative diagrams.) (b.) At a certain place the barometer fell from 30-21 to 29-87 : state clearly and exactly what is meant by this statement. What difference is observed in the readings of a barometer as you ascend a mountain ? Explain why. 5. (a.) Explain why a river that flows through an alluvial plain generally has a winding course (b.) Choose one important river (not the Nile), and show how it has influenced the commercial and political development of the country through which it flows. 6. (a.) What is meant by rainfall ? Compare the distribution of rainfall in New Zealand with that of Australia, and discuss the causes and the effects of any differences you note. (b.) Describe a simple method of measuring the amount of rainfall. Section B. 1. What are the resemblances and differences between North and South America as respects (a) mountains and river-basins, (b) people, and (c) climate ? Explain how far differences in the political, commercial, and industrial development of the two continents result from the points of difference that you mention under each.of the above three heads. 2. (a.) Draw a map of Australia, not less than 6 inches wide, and mark on it the exact positions of the Australian Alps, Kangaroo Island, Lake Gairdner, Port Jackson, Lake Torrens the Tropic of Capricorn, Spencer Gulf, Cape Leeuwin, the mouth of the Murray; and, by means of dots, Kalgoorhe, Ballarat, Coolgardie, Sydney, Albany, Port Darwin. (&.). Describe (or show by sketch map) the Pacific Cable route from Australasia to Canada. 6. Write concise geographical accounts of Jamaica, Natal, and Bulgaria. 4. How do you account for the industrial and commercial superiority of the British Isles'? Indicate the location of the cotton, woollen, and hardware manufacturing industries of England' and explain in each case the reason for the concentration of the industry in particular localities Discuss briefly the question whether Germany possesses any special advantage or advantages over England as an industrial centre. 5 What do you know of Mombasa, Buluwayo, Bagdad, Chicago, Erebus, Valetta, Caracas, balonika, Niuchwang, Belgrade ? State their precise positions. . 6. Draw a map of India and Ceylon, about 6 inches wide, and mark clearly thereon the exact position of the Malabar Coast, the Punjab, the Ganges, the Jumna, Mount Everest, the Laccadives the Gulf of Cambay, and indicate by dots the position of the towns Bombay Delhi Allahabad, Pondicherry, Madras, Peshawar, Colombo, and Trincomalee. Add a note on the form of government of British India, and explain why the method of governing that dependency is not the same as the method followed with respect to the Colony of New Zealand. r J

Commercial Geography.—For Civil Service Senior. Time allowed : Three hours. [Note.—Candidates are to attempt only eight questions.] rr 3: l . Il hi trate i by F efer ° nee t0 («) England, (b) the United States of America, (c) Australia, the effect that the natural productions of a country have upon its industries, upon the distribution of its population, and upon the character of its towns. [Note.—The term " natural productions " here includes introduced animals and plants.] , > £ What is at present, approximately, the annual value of the imports and the exports of (a) the United Kingdom, (b) Canada, (c) Australia, (d) New Zealand? What inferences would you draw from an excess (c) of imports, (/) of exports ? 3. What European and American countries have a centesimal currency'? Express £100 approximately in each currency. 4. What are the chief goldfields of the world? What has been, approximately, the value of the world s annual output during the last seven years ? What inference do you draw from these figures as to the probable effect on debtor countries, like New Zealand ? 5. What countries export (a) frozen meat, (b) dairy produce, to Great Britain ? Indicate in the case oi each country, the character, and, if possible, the approximate value, of the exports of these products to Great Britain, and mention any conditions that are likely to prove advantageous or disadvantageous, to any of the countries concerned.

5—E. Ia

33