EDUCATION OF MAORI CHILDREN [In continuation of E-3, 1948]

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1949 Session I, E-03

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1949 NEW ZEALAND

EDUCATION OF MAORI CHILDREN [In continuation of E-3, 1948]

Presented to Both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency

CONTENTS PAGE No. I—Report of the Senior Inspector of Maori Schools .. .. .. .. .. 2 No. 2—Detailed Tables : Table H 1. Number of Maori Schools Classified According to Grade, &c. .. .. 6 Table H 4. Number of Maori Pupils Attending Maori Secondary Schools, &c. .. .. 7 Table H 4a. Number of Scholarship-holders Enrolled at Public and Private Secondary Schools .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 Table H 5. Number of Maori Children Attending Public Schools .. .. .. 8 Table H 6. Classification of Maori Children at Public Schools .. .. .. 8 Table H 6a. Age and Classification of Maori Pupils at Public Post-primary Schools .. 9 Table H 6b. Age and Classification of Maori Pupils at Private Secondary and Endowed Schools .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 Table H 7. Ages and Standards of Children at Maori Primary Schools .. .. 10 Table H 8. Certificates Held by Teachers in Maori Primary Schools .. .. .. 11 Table H 9. Age and Attainment of Maori Pupils Leaving Public and Maori Schools .. 11 Table H 10.. Probable Destination of Maori Pupils Leaving Public and Maori Schools .. 11 Table H 11. Probable Destination of Maori Pupils Leaving Public Post-primary Schools .. 12

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REPORT OF THE SENIOR INSPECTOR OF MAORI SCHOOLS Sir _ 20th. May, 1949. I have the honour to present the following report on Maori schools for the year 1948 : 1. Introduction In April, 1948, the Education Department opened a branch in Auckland, and the Maori Schools' section was transferred to the new Auckland Branch. This made necessary some reorganization, particularly on the Administrative side, whereby some aspects of the Maori Schools' section were incorporated in the general organization for more efficient and more economical operation. The Maori Schools' Inspectorate was also transferred to Auckland, and I took over the position of Senior Inspector of Maori Schools from Mr. T. A. Fletcher, who remained in Wellington as Senior Inspector in the Department and Maori Schools Liaison Officer. The move to Auckland was made with a minimum of dislocation in the work of administering Maori schools, and the experience of the first year gives every reason to believe that the more central location in Auckland will make for easier and more efficient administration of the Maori schools. 2. Schools and Staff In 1948 the number of Maori schools controlled by the Education Department was 159, one less than in the previous year due to the closing of the Rangitane Maori School. The total enrolment in December, 1948, was 13,254, an increase of 84 over the figure for December, 1947. The average weekly enrolment was 13,160, the regularity of attendance being 86-5 per cent. Of the 13,254 children on the rolls in December, 12,144 were Maoris and 1,110 were Europeans. In addition to the 159 State Maori schools, there were 10 mission Maori primary schools with a total enrolment of 752 (a decrease of 32 on the 1947 figure), and 10 denominational Maori post-primary schools with a total enrolment of 654. pupils (an increase of 47 on the previous year's figure). In December, 1948, there were 16,591 Maori Children on the rolls of public schools (as distinct from Maori schools) throughout the Dominion, as compared with 16,804 in December, 1947. Conveyance of pupils in extremely remote areas plays an important part in Maori education. For the 150 days of the 1948 school year nearly 3,300 children travelled approximately 300,000 miles by bus and ferry services to Maori schools. In addition about 130 children rode horses for distances varying from five to ten miles each day during the same period. Allowing for the difficult conditions obtaining on some of the roads over which the children travelled, it is worth mention that no serious accident occurred. Credit is due, therefore, to the conveyance contractors and drivers for the way in which they have co-operated with the schools and Department in maintaining safe and efficient services. The staffing of Maori schools during the year became increasingly difficult, especially in providing assistant mistresses, owing to the shortage of women teachers. As a result it was necessary to continue to use the more experienced junior assistants *as relieving class-teachers. By this means it was possible to keep all schools open, even though some schools were understaffed. The difficulty of securing suitable accommodation in some districts also added to the problem of staffing.

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The number of teachers employed in December and classified according to certificate held was

Approximately 40 of these 399 teachers were employed as. relieving teachers, and this, in part, accounts for the increase in the number of uncertificated teachers over 1947 figures (64). In addition to the number of teachers given in the above table, there were 19 probationary assistants and 114 junior assistants employed. An increasing proportion of teachers employed in Maori' schools are those teachers who entered the training colleges under the Maori quota, and it is pleasing to note from the following table that, of the total number who have qualified since the first Maori quota students entered training college in 1940, so many are still actively engaged in teaching. The staffing problem of Maori schools would undoubtedly have been more serious if there had not been such a good response for the Maori quota over the past eight years.

Maori Schools' Quota for Training Colleges

I wish to thank the Auckland, Hawkes Bay, and Wanganui Education Boards for inviting an Inspector of Maori Schools to sit on the Training College Selection Board when applicants for entry to training colleges under the Maori quota were being interviewed. With the opening of the Ardmore Teachers' Training College, most of the students under the Maori quota were transferred to the new college. 3. Primary Education The continuance of the poliomyelitis epidemic delayed the opening of primary schools until the Ist March, 1948. The shortening of two consecutive school years threw a heavy burden on both pupils and teachers, but I am happy to report that by judicious modification of courses and an intensification of effort a good deal of leeway was overtaken by the end of the year.

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Classification. Males. Females. Total. A Certificate 1 1 B Certificate 36 ii 47 C Certificate 125 127 252 I) Certificate 9 17 26 Uncertificated 7 66 73 Totals 178 221 399

Number Admitted Number Number Year. to Training Completing Still Engaged College. the Course. in Teaching. 1940 4 4 3 1941 9 9 5 1942 18 16 11 1943 16 12 7 1944 20 17 10 1945 21 17 12 1946 29 24 24 1947 32 28 28 1948 37 *32 *32 * Still at training college.

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In May a new syllabus of instruction was issued in the following subjects : health, oral expression, written expression, spelling, arithmetic, history and geography, and needlework. Later in the year followed a new syllabus in nature-study. At about the same time the Maori-school members of the New Zealand Educational Institute set up a Committee which would form a link between the Department and the teachers. Advantage was taken of the establishment of this Committee to discuss, amongst other matters, the introduction of the new syllabuses into the Maori schools. Meetings for this purpose were also arranged with groups of teachers, and for the particular discussion of the Nature Study Syllabus a conference was held between the Maori-school Inspectors and the Auckland Board Agriculture Instructors. One direct result of the latter conference was the realization of the value of the calf-club movement in Maori schools, and the need for financial support of this club work. A proposal to assist financially was approved by the Department and a grant of £2OO for the year was made available to the sixty-seven calf clubs in Maori schools. In the discussion with teachers, the main objective was to determine how the new syllabuses could best be integrated with other aspects of school work. It was realized that one of the chief purposes of the Maori school is to provide an environment in which every Maori child is able to develop fully his innate talents and skills, but it was also realized that there are peculiar problems sometimes to be met, due to a conflict between his Maori environment on the one hand and the new pakeha culture on the other. It is one of the functions of the Maori school to harmonize such conflicting elements, and to make available to the Maori child the best in both cultures, thereby creating in him a deeper pride in his own race and at the same time enabling him with greater confidence to participate actively in the life around him, whether it be Maori or European. For many years teachers in Maori schools have taken a deep interest in certain aspects of Maori culture —arts, crafts, action songs, history, mythology, &c. —but in some schools there has been, perhaps, a tendency to concentrate on the more material culture, and to neglect the less tangible but more vital spiritual values of that culture. Thus Maori carving has been taught as a craft, but more could have been done to lead pupils to a better understanding of the symbolism and significance of authentic Maori carvings. In the discussions already held these matters were dealt with. It is proposed to continue the study of these aspects of our work at subsequent meetings of teachers and parents. For the successful pursuit of the aims as outlined briefly above liberal supplies of materials and equipment are essential. During 1948 availability was again the main factor governing supply of requisitions and equipment. Due to war conditions, the schools were forced to manage without much essential teaching equipment, and we shall be faced with a heavy task for the next few years in bringing equipment up to the proper standard. During the year a start was made in surveying equipment already in schools and with the procurement and distribution of some of the most essential lines. Lack of storage facilities in Auckland at first handicapped the work, but a new store was at last obtained, and there are now satisfactory facilities to proceed with a full scheme of supply. The prospects for next year appear to be good. Towards the end of the year the Education Department gave approval to establish a craft centre at the Whakarewarewa Maori School. The centre will have the full-time services of a Wood and Metal Work Instructor and a Homecraft Instructress, and will serve the senior pupils of the Whakarewarewa Maori School and the neighbouring Horohoro, Whangamarino, and Rotokawa Maori Schools. 4. Post-primary Education In 1948 there was a slight increase in the number of Maori pupils going on to postprimary education. In the seven Maori district high schools there were 281 post-primary pupils, compared with 233 the previous year. The number of Government scholarship holders at public and private secondary schools was 300 (see Table H-4a).

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The number of denominational Maori secondary schools was increased to ten by the opening of the Hato Paora Boys' College, Feilding. The total enrolment of the ten denominational colleges increased from 607 to 654, of whom 269 were Government Scholarship holders. The most serious handicap in the Maori district high schools is the lack of adequate, suitable buildings. Nearly every Maori district high school secondary department is overcrowded, and laboratory, library, and craft facilities are poor. Plans have been prepared to meet the existing deficiencies, and it is hoped to effect distinct improvements next year. Until then the increased supplies of library books, science apparatus, and craft materials cannot be used to fullest advantage. 5. Higher Education Reference has already been made to the increase in the number of students entering training college under the Maori Quota. During the year eleven Maori University scholarships were current as follows : Four medical, one veterinary science, two agricultural science, one home science, one dentistry, and two arts. Four new scholarships have been awarded this year. One of the scholars, Miss Sturm, graduated 8.A., she being the second Maori woman to obtain that degree. Another scholar, Peeti Walker, passed the examination for the B.D.S. Degree, this being, to my knowledge, the first degree in Dental Surgery as distinct from the Diploma, to be taken by a Maori. 6. Buildings During the year every effort was made to effect improvement in the schoolbuilding programme. To overcome delays in the drawing of plans for new buildings steps were taken to obtain a degree of standardization. Where it was clear that there would be considerable delay before permanent buildings could be supplied, and where there was already serious overcrowding or sub-standard accommodation, it was decided to supply a prefabricated type of class-room which could be erected in a few days. Special efforts were also made to obtain contractors for work in remote regions. In the case of schools in the East Coast area the difficulties regarding building labour were largely overcome through the willing assistance of the Maori Affairs Department, which has undertaken a large programme of work for school buildings in that district. Considerable help has also been received from the Ministry of Works, which has carried out a large volume of work at Maori schools, principally in the matter of ground-developments. An experienced Property Supervisor has been attached to the Auckland office of the Department for the purpose of inspecting Maori school buildings and grounds. Already an inspection has been made of 110 out of 112 Maori schools in the Auckland district, 25 out of 32 in the Hawkes Bay district, and 5 out of 13 in the Wanganui district. Reports on essential repairs to buildings, to ground improvements, and all relevent matters were provided to the respective Boards, but eventually, after full discussions amongst all concerned, it was decidied that the Department would take over direct control of all maintenance of Maori schools in the Auckland Province. Consequently a separate Maintenance Section was established in the Auckland office. To get the fullest information regarding Maori school buildings and grounds, a detailed questionnaire was sent to all Headmasters, and the information received was used as a basis for planning inspection, intineraries and, subsequently, the order of priority of work.

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The following summarizes the present position of special facilities in Maori schools : Schools. Woodwork rooms .. .. .. .. 57 Cookery-rooms .. .. . - • • 39 Model cottages .. .. .. .. 10 Laundry-rooms .. .. .. • • .. 18 Bathing facilities .. . . .. ■ • . . 29 *Malted-milk room .. .. .. .. 76 Septic-tank drainage .. .. .. .. 92 Sealed assembly areas .. .. . • 64 Schools supplied with electricity .. .. .. 56 * In addition pasteurized milk is supplied to pupils in 38 schools. 7. Thanks I have to express my thanks for the loyal support given to me by my colleagues, Messrs. F. T. Woodley, W. A. B. Goodwin, and A. E. Golding, and also to the staff of the Auckland Branch of the Education Department. I have, &c., W. Parsonage, Senior Inspector of Maori Schools. The Acting Director of Education. No. 2

DETAILED TABLES Table H1 GRADE of Maori Schools With Number of Teachers and Average Number of Children Per Teacher

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Grade of School. Number of Schools. Total Average Attendance, Year Ended 31st December, 1948. Number of Teachers (Exclusive of Probationary Assistants and Junior Assistants). Average Number of Children Per Teacher. Number of ProbationaryAssistants. Number of Junior Assistants. II . . 13 213 13 ' 16 1 IIlA 12 . 328 14 23 10 IIlB .. 61 2,694 117 23 30 IVA . . 40 3,279 113 29 i 35 IVB .. 17 2,009 61 33 9 19 IVo .. 7 1,110 34 33 3 7 VA .. 7 1,340 36 37 5 10 VB .. 2 ' 412 11 37 1 2 159 11,385 399 29 19 114

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Table H4 MAORI PUPILS attending MAORI SECONDARY SCHOOLS at the End of 1948 and 1947

Table H4a Number of SCHOLARSHIP-HOLDERS Enrolled at PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS in December, 1948

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School. 1948. 1947. Government Pupils. Private Pupils. Grand Total. Government Pupils. Private Pupils. Grand Total. ' Primary. Secondary. Total. Primary. Secondary. Total. Primary. Secondary. Total. Primary. Secondary. Total. Queen Victoria (girls), Auckland 45 45 33 33 78 43 43 35 35 78 Turakina (girls), Marton 34 34 17 17 51 34 34 22 22 56 St. Joseph's (girls), Napier 40 40 64 64 104 36 36 54 54 90 Hukarere (girls), Napier 42 42 48 48 90 44 44 55 55 99 35 Te Wai Pounamu (girls), Christ5 5 32 32 37 6 6 29 29 church St. Peter's (boys), Northcote .. 14 14 45 45 59 9 9 11 37 48 9 57 St. Stephen's (boys), Auckland 20 20 18 18 38 17 17 9 26 Wesley College (boys), Paerata 12 12 i 22 23 35 16 16 3 20 23 39 Te Aute College (boys), Pukehou 55 55 70 70 125 56 56 71 71 127 Hato Paora (boys), Feilding .. 2 2 ii 24 35 37 Totals 269 269 12 373 385 654 261 261 14 332 346 607

Scholarship Holders. Schools. •Boys. Girls. Secondary schools 11 Combined schools 1 Technical schools .. 8 District High Schools 4 Private secondary schools— Maori 103 166 Other7 Totals . . . . .. . . .. | 134 166

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Table H5 MAORI CHILDREN Attending PUBLIC SCHOOLS, December, 1948

Table H6 CLASSIFICATION and AGES of Maori Scholars Attending PUBLIC SCHOOLS at the 1st July, 1948

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Education District. Number of Schools at Which Maoris Attended. Number of Maori Pupils at End of 1948. Boys. Girls. Total. Auckland Taranaki Wanganui Hawkes Bay Wellington Nelson Canterbury Otago Southland Totals 456 69 93 112 63 15 59 17 15 4,881 650 833 1,438 488 26 158 39 62 4,672 533 743 1,325 510 18 147 29 39 9,553 1,183 1,576 2,763 998 44 305 68 101 899 8,575 ! 8,016 16,591

Age, in Years. P. S.l. S.2. S.3. S. 4. F.I. F. II. I F. III. 1 | Total. 5 and under 6—Boys 691 | 691 Girls .. 696 696 6 and under 7 —Boys .. 958 2 960 Girls .. 826 8 1 835 7 and under 8—Boys .. 833 144 12 1 990 Girls .. 769 190 13 3 975 8 and under 9—B oys .. 454 431 137 1 1,023 Girls .. 389 373 166 15 943 9 and under 10—Boys .. 169 349 328 87 9 942 Girls .. 127 296 328 136 6 893 10 and under 11 —Boys .. 52 166 306 307 103 7 941 Girls .. 40 130 239 282 117 6 1 815 11 and under 12—Boys .. 8 63 189 275 226 82 1 844 Girls .. 11 36 152 269 263 113 3 847 12 and under 13—Boys .. 5 16 51 203 289 212 56 1 833 Girls .. 1 7 48 140 226 234 90 1 747 13 and under 14—Boys .. 2 28 76 201 243 169 3 722 Girls .. 2 5 12 60 142 238 205 2 666 14 and under 15—Boys .. 1 5 19 76 174 203 4 482 Girls .. 3 30 55 134 210 8 440 15 and under 16—Boys .. 3 2 10 44 97 5 161 Girls .. 1 3 2 12 37 60 6 121 16 and under 17 —Boys .. 1 1 11 13 5 31 Girls .. 1 1 5 13 20 Handover Boys.. 8 8 Girls .. 1 4 5 Totals —Boys .. 3,170 1,174 1,059 972 915 773 539 26 8,628 Girls .. 2,861 1,046 966 937 822 767 583 21 8,003 Grand totals 6,031 2,220 2,025 1,909 1,737 1,540 1,122 47 16,631 Percentage 36-3 13-3 12-2 11-5 10-4 9-3 6-7 0-3 100-0 Median age, in years and months — Boys 6 11 9 0 10 2 11 4 12 5 13 4 14 3 16 0 Girls 6 11 8 10 9 11 11 1 12 1 13 2 14 0 14 11 r

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Table H6a AGE AND CLASSIFICATION of Maori Pupils at Public Post-primary Schools, 1st July, 1948 (Excluding Schools of Art)

Table H6b AGE AND CLASSIFICATION of Maori Pupils at Registered Private Secondary and Endowed Schools, 1st July, 1948

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Form III. Form IV. Form V. Form VI. Totals. Age. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Under 11 years 11 and under 12 years 12 „ 13 „ 5 2 5 "2 13 „ 14 „ 66 83 5 "*6 71 89 14 „ 15 „ 194 204 52 69 1 7 247 280 15 „ 16 „ 215 185 119 156 23 18 1 357 360 16 „ 17 ,, 66 56 110 109 65 82 2 243 241 17 „ 18 „ 9 15 28 28 66 57 7 ' '2 110 102 18 „ 19 „ 1 3 24 12 9 34 15 19 „ 20 „ 1 1 2 20 „ 21 „ 1 1 21 years and over Totals 555 545 316 371 181 176 18 3 1,070 1.095 Median age, in years and 15 1 14 11 15 10 15 9 17 0 16 9 18 0 17 3 months

Form III. Form IV. Form V. Form VI. Totals. Age. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Under 11 years 11 and under 12 years 12 „ 13 „ 5 1 5 1 13 „ 14 „ 9 25 1 9 26 14 „ 15 „ 39 55 14 27. "2 53 84 15 „ 16 „ 35 48 20 51 "e 22 61 121 16 ,, 17 „ 15 9 32 50 37 48 3 84 110 17 „ 18 „ 9 14 31 38 ' 4 7 44 59 18 „ 19 „ 3 1 15 18 3 3 21 22 19 „ 20 „ 7 1 1 8 1 20 „ 21 „ 1 1 21 years and over Totals 103 138 78 144 96 129 9 13 286 424 Median age, in years and 15 0 14 9 16 2 15 10 17 2 16 10 18 2 17 6 months

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Table H 7 AGES AND STANDARDS of Children on the Maori School Rolls at the 1st July, 1948

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Age, in Years. • Class P. Standard 1. Standard 2. Standard 3. | Standard 4. Form I. Form II. Form III. llace Totals. Totals. i | s 0 1 i a 1 H X a 1 s S i ft S 3 H 0 1 | a 1 1 a a 0 8 0 cS a s 1 a 0 H j 1 t 8 a 0 H 0 a % ft 0 a 0 5 and under 6—Boys Girls 6 and under 7—Boys Girls 7 and under 8—Boys Girls 8 and under 9—Boys Girls 9 and under 10— Boys Girls 10 and under 11— Boys Girls 11 and under 12— Boys Girls 12 and under 13— Boys . Girls 13 and under 14— Boys Girls 14 and under 15— Boys Girls 15 and under 16— Boys Girls 16 and under 17— Boys Girls 17 and over — Boys Girls Totals — Boys Girls Percentage Median age, in years and months — Boys Girls 60 61 50 62 44 28 16 12 4 4 535 498 628 624 640 515 340 276 116 76 36 24 5 9 6 3 1 1 1 "5 7 27 31 37 16 11 5 3 1 ' 1 1 4 72 106 272 274 281 222 141 89 44 27 6 8 3 1 1 1 1 ' '2 10 21 25 20 32 7 9 1 1 1 1 2 2 49 97 226 264 233 217 155 100 59 43 17 14 10 4 1 ' 1 15 22 30 18 15 ' 6 3 2 1 1 1 ' 3 44 64 163 203 234 236 170 112 79 41 18 12 2 2 ' 1 ' '4 2 27 13 14 16 8 6 9 4 3 2 2 41 55 139 163 213 196 175 102 87 44 17 6 2 ' 'l 5 17 8 18 15 9 7 4 • 2 ' 1 ' '4 4 25 64 119 148 180 185 166 113 50 45 4 5 1 1 ' 'l ' 1 3 22 15 14 18 19 5 3 ' 3 31 38 104 124 185 163 65 79 10 12 2 3 ' 1 "l 7 7 8 12 2 4 1 4 60 61 55 69 73 69 75 60 54 65 69 46 48 35 53 39 33 30 28 9 3 3 535 498 628 628 714 623 661 650 669 628 618 592 602 602 604 549 559 470 475 344 143 145 18 22 4 8 5951 559 J 683 \ 697 J 787 » 692 J 736 1 710 J 723 1 693 J 687 1 638 J 6501 637 J 6571 588 J 592 1 500 J 503 1 353 J 146 1 148] 18 1 22 , 4 8 J > 1,154 > 1,380 > 1,479 > 1,446 h 1,416 f 1,325 t 1,287 1,245 1,092 856 294 40 12 174 167 2,308 2,026 84 61 820 733 52 78 752 741 66 56 710 674 05 43 676 568 49 38 549 565 60 43 397 422 1 18 30 551 486 6,230 5,759 6,781\ 13 026 6,245 341 4,334 145 1,553 130 1,493 122 jl, 384 108 1,244 | 87 1,114 103 819 1 48 1,037 11,989 35-9 1,698 13 '0 1,623 12-4 1, 11 506 •6 1,352 I 1,201 10-4 9'2 922 7-1 49 0-4 13, 10 026 0-0 6 6 6 4 7 0 6 10 8 3 7 9 9 8 3 11 9 2 9 2 10 5 10 0 10 7 10 0 I II 8 11 3 11 1 11 5 12 9 12 4 12 4 12 5 13 8 13 4 13 5 13 2 14 4 14 3 15 3 15 5

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Table H8 CERTIFICATES Held by Teachers in Maori Primary Schools (Probationary and Junior Assistant Teachers are Excluded)

Table H9 AGE AND ATTAINMENT of MAORI Pupils Leaving Public and Maori Schools in 1948

Table H10 PROBABLE DESTINATION of MAORI Pupils Leaving Public and Maori Schools in 1948

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1948. Class of Certificate. M. F. Total. A .. 1 1 B .. 36 11 47 C .. 125 127 252 D 9 17 26 Total certificated teachers 171 155 326 Uncertificated teachers 7 66 73 Grand total 178 221 399

Age. In Form II. In Form I. In Standard 4. In Standard 3. In Standard 2 or Lower.. Totals. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls: Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Total. 15 years and over 14 years and under 15 .. 13 „ 14 .. 12 „ 13 .. 11 „ 12 .. Under 11 years 421 324 161 16 413 344 198 39 167 38 121 22 75 15 43 8 15 3 15 2 5 1 6 2 683 381 163 16 598 378 201 39 1,281 759 364 55 Totals 922 994 207 146 90 51 18 17 6 8 1,243 1,216 2,459

Occupation. Boys. Girls. Number. Percentage. Number. Percentage. Post-primary-730 58-7 799 65-7 Clerical (including typing)— (a) Government and local body .. 4 0-3 (6) Banks, insurance, legal, com1 0-1 1 o : i mercial houses, shops, and warehouses Shop and warehouse assistants 8 0-6 9 0-7 Manual trades— (a) Government and local body .. \ 7 0-6 (b) Building .. 6 0-5 (c) Motor engineering 1 0-1 (d) General engineering 1 01 (e) Printing 1 0-1 (/) Other trades 14 11 5 0-4 Farming 305 24-5 26 2-2 Factory operatives 27 2-2 27 2-2 Other occupations 64 51 85 7-0 At home 48 3-9 240 19-7 Not known 26 2-1 24 2-0 Totals 1,243 100-0 1,216 100-0

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Table H11 PROBABLE DESTINATION of MAORI Pupils Leaving Public Post-primary Schools in 1948 (Excluding Schools of Art)

Approximate Cost of Paper.-Preparation, not given ; printing (883 copies), £36.

By Authority: B. E. Owen, Government Printer, Wellington. 1949.

Price 6d.~\

Occupation. Boys. Girls. Number. Per Cent. Number. | Per Cent. University college Teaching or training college Professional engineering, surveying, architecture Clerical (including typing)— (a) Government and local body .. (b) Banks, insurance, legal, commercial houses, shops, and warehouses Shop and warehouse assistants Manual trades — (a) Government and local body .. (b) Building (c) Motor engineering (d) General engineering (e) Printing (/) Other trades Farming Factory operatives • Other occupations Home Not known Totals 3 5 I 18 - 6 II 11 23 11 5 *28 166 23 58 23 j 36 0-7 1-1 0-2 4-2 1-4 2-6 2-6 5-4 2-6-j 1-2 * 0-5 1 38-8 i 5-4 i 13-5 1 5-4 j 8-4 " 7 •• 36 30 22 7 "*4 11 16 111 185 31 i-5 7-8 6-5 4-8 1-5 0-9 2-4 3-5 24-1 j 40-2 6-8 1 428 | 100-0 1 460 100-0