EMIGRATION TO NEW ZEALAND.

Star (Christchurch), Issue 695, 15 August 1870, Page 3

EMIGRATION TO NEW ZEALAND.

Tha Times of June 16 publishes the following letter from " A Colonist " :— There are groat openings now in both Islands of New Zealand for a large scheme of emigration on the principles of co-operative societies. Three events have tended to bring large tracts of land into the market, which offer ready-made opportunities for carrying on the business of sheep and cattle runs, and commencing agricultural operations on a large scale. These three events ore the (Trojan; war of the last ten years, the fall in the price of wool, and the collapse of the flax trade. I believe that it would be possible just now to purchase a quarter of a million nearly contiguous acres in each island for 7s 6d an acre, and to buy the sheep at present running on them for 2s 6d a head or. less. A cooperative society might buy 100,000 contiguous acres, and the sheep upon them, with all the plant and apparatus of sheep stations. The co-operative society should consist— (l) of the younger sons of gentry who have some little capital, but no opening in this country for their tastes or gifts. (2.) Of practical sheep and cattle farmers. (3.) Of agriculturists. (4.) Of mechanics, such as carpenters, brickmakera, bricklayers, wheelwrights, weavers, tailors, and cobblers. (5.) Of shepherds and labourers. (6.) Of two or three accountants thoroughly versed in the principles of a cooperative society, and two or three surveyors. The advantages of this plan would be — (1.) That the labourers and mechanics, having an interest in the property, would remain on the estate instead of running off to the goldflelda in New Zealand or the other colonies. (2.) That it would not be necessary to pay them in cash the full wage of the colony, but half of the day's wage would be paid in cash and the other half put to the men's account as share of the purchase money of the estate. (3.) The sons of the gentry would learn their business as surveyors, as sheep farmers, as agriculturists, and not receive any salary for their work till declared competent, but only a fair interest for the capital advanced. (4.) < A body of men living together in one society would consume much of their own produce; but by the very fact of their having the same local interests they would become a political power in the province, and could obtain from/ the local or Colonial Governments aidyfn making roads and bridges, and in supporting schools and hospitals, and other such public advantages that immigrants now lose by dotting themselves over the country and having no joint interests. (5). The religious bodies in England would probably lend a helping hand to auoh societies at their first start, and provide them with clergy and schoolmasters, and means of erecting churches and schoolhouses. (6. > The effect of the above* mentioned advantages would be' to attract a number of well-principled mechanics and labourers, who are now loth to leave England because they have to part with all the social and religious privileges they have enjoyed at home, and which they desire to impart to their children : and many of the aristocracy and gentry of the land would tend out younger members of their families in company with tenants and farm labourers attached to their several families and parishes. (7.) Two or three professional men could easily be found to accompany such a body of immigrants. (8). But it is to be observed that the more societies, and the greater the number of the members, and the more contiguous to each other the several societies, the greater their political power and means of opening markets, and supplying the populations of the goldflelds."

.-, Medical Properties op Flax. — A corxespondent writing from Otago to a Wellington paper says': — '1 here is an oil that the people make here, which is said to be a cer tarn cure for rheumatism, and similar complaints. It is made from the roots of flax (phorinium tenax) and wood hen oil. I have seen it applied to stiff joints, sores, and burns, and it was always a certain cure. Almost everybody keeps a bottle of it in the house. The roots of flax make a capital tonic, which is simply prepared. Get the white end of the flax, and make tea of it.- A wine-glass full of it taken for a few mornings will increase the appetite. It is most beneficial to persons suffering from bilious complaints, and is much used by the country settlers in this part. Annual Reboot in Bankruptcy. — The Jiew Zealand Gazette of August 5 contains the second annual report of the Inspector in - The number of adjudications made dnring the year ending 30th Nov. 1869, has been 520, showing an increase in number over the previous year of about 75 per cent. The following is the classification among ;the provinces to which they are applicable : —Auckland, .71. J. Canterbury, 134 % Nelson and Marlborough, 30 ; Otago and Southland, 130 ; Wellington and Wanganui, 48 ; Taranaki and Hawke's Bay, 9 ; Westland (in- ' eluding Grey mouth and Westport), 118. Of these, 360 did not exceed £300 in liabilities. ; Three-eighths of the bankrupts are drawn from four classes of the community—hotelkeepers, storekeepers, farmers, and miners ; the remainder comprise 112 callings. The bankruptcies of the province of Auckland have not been common among the producing classes, but have been chiefly confined to distributors . and consumers. Canterbury, on the other hand, includes in her list a large number of farmers and settlers;' while in Otago and Southland the miners: are about one-half. In Westland, again, the bankrupt* belong almost ' exclusively to the distributing class. On the whole, howevever, we appear to be posesBed more with .the spirit of enterprise, or recklessness, as people may chose to term it, than other countries, as will be seen by the following comparison made between New Zealand and. canny Scotland. It is however to be regretted- that there, should be a colony j Jike_..New_Nest_Zeftland, .with a popula-l tion of under 250,000, a larger number of bankruptcies annually than there is in Scotland, with a population of over 3,000,000. ;i Ojhtoary.— The following notice appears in : a Marlborough contemporary: — Many •'who see our columns to-day will read with regret the notice in our obituary", of the death of Mr William 1 M'Rae, of Waipapa., Mr •M'Rae was the eldest son of the late Mr George M'Rae, of Blarich, Awatere, and formerly of Blarich, parish of Rogart, ; Sutherlandshire. He was one of our most 'remarkable men, having been connected with 'this district from the earliest times, .and ■Arrived in the colony while early in his 'teens, which had not expired when he be--came a leading guide and authority on stock, -sheep runs, and in 'the exploration of this -then unknown country. Among others who profited thereby was Mr Duppa, who, acting on his advice, acquired an estate which he . cold later still for £ 1 50,000. His courage in , in coming hither shortly after the Wairau ' Massacre took place, his sagacity and perse-; verance, made- tKe : Wairau district safe ; and under hi{f encouragement Sit Wm. Congreve, , Mr (now. Sir George) Dashwood, with a number of others, came here, whose now independent fortunes tnay be traced to him. Not-; "Withstanding the possession of an iron constitution, and a powerful frame, his immense exertions %nd fatigues- in exploring a vast extentrof country told' upon him, and chronic' rheumatism incapacitated him from active. , jlif e for.the last seven years, and at length he hwas released from earthly suffering on Sun-; sflay last, atjthe premature age of fforty-flve; 8 {Messrs Dillon Bell, E. W. Stafford, W. Fox^ JaOietnors^Gjey, Brown, ..and 1 Weld received much aid from his judgment, and no doubt will,' ln common with a large circle of acquaintance^ lament the early death of this model pioneer cblonist; and sympathise witi^the-Joss, although left uncomfortable drcumstonces, /-.which his wife and large " family have sustained. Travellers who have j o aV ! hlS J ¥^iaence\ /! and *eceive~d most ''hb'spitable; welcome', trill 'also grieve that the ' genial and kind famiKat face^— always bo, ev^n when suffering from acute i. pain— is gone, atfd cap grfe^J^em ijo more., . i ', . -.-y .. ;,. \ "'AGbac^fot. (?)'AcT.rr-IJqaer -the above the' Wcll&gtoh jndejiehMttit Aug. i 1 lj^»_the_following£— IMs_jrith_extreme plea^ sure that" we chronicle a most^muniScent and 'V^raQefui.acrdtf'tfie-'pArtoi the^eopi^ «f th^ ■ .province bf 'OtagbiJ.it l iyill ! ;be'; in';the recol • •lection of our'reaaerff tha¥ ttie^tWince b E ' Otago has founded a University within-tha t prorinc^; flHd'hKs liberally endowed it. Sine i "then it harijewn found -necessary to establis! i a Colonial Un^rersity, And a Bill is nov before tbe House for this purpose. Mr For,' O& 1 tbovlngJfcne ,B'e%<ttarreiS{n^oni mei\Uo7ie4^ha^^hejprqT|nce : had>;^n^he most; munificent manner, ..agreed to merge theip University' intfl ajColppial one;, andj jegdow it with 100,000 acres of land, the sole conditio i nbtiingi thatfttbejGolonja} University should- - .MaVleast ifor (the present— be. iqcated in Ducedin. No one, not even the most bigotel localist— to cqin ( a w6rd-^ean object to thii ; particularly /l wMen r we look at what Otag) -i has dor^inntae came of education durin ,f , past years. Thit province, and all honour to it, has striven to afford to. its people the means ' of ' obtaining 'a' nigh* class educatioi , and besides this 1 , Tt^has.noj;' ne^lie^ted thfe equally essential point or ereinentery educition; and therefore we' say, apart from the very munificent manner in which it hajs 1 endowed the New Zealand University, Otago is entitled to have that institution within its boundaries. 'She' has come forward in the interests of the , colony as a whole and proffered a handsome endowment, not for tlie Otago University'but for the New Zealand University, and we feel sure that the whole colony will recognise and applaud the public spirit which prompted this graceful act.

New Zealand Wab Medal. — We learn from the ' Home News that , the medal for service in New Zealand has been presented to the following non-commissioned officers and men of the Snpply Branch of the Army Service Corps at Aldershot :— Staff-Sergt. J. Fißher, Sergts. J. Jones, W. Ramsay, and H. Palmer. Corporals C. Smyth, J. Trott, T. Baillie, and R. S. Kirby. . Privates H. Berry, W. Brooks, J. Coates, P. Callinan, N. Davies, W. Fowler, H. Goodman, J. Hopkins, C. lieonard, J. Minniken, J. Mountford, J. Mnlien, J. Steene, and J. Wager. The medals were distributed by Captain Milne. The Queen has approved of the words "New Zealand " being borne on the colours of the following regiments for their services in that country during the years 1845-6, and 1860---61-63-64-65-66. The 12th, 14th, 18th, 40th, 43rd, 50th, 57th, 58th, 65th, 68th, 70th, 96th, and 99th Regiments. Postal.— The following is from the Home News ;— " The mails from New South Wales and New Zealand via San Francisco, were delivered in London en the afternoon of Tuesday, May 24. They left Sydney on March 26 and Auckland on April-2, so that they were 59 days from Sydney and 52 days from New Zealand, whereas the mails via Suez, -which left Sydney on the same day and Melbourne on March 2, and New Zealand on March 21 were delivered in London, via Brindisi, on May 13, via Marseilles on May Ifi, and via. b'outhampton on May 20—46 days from Sydney, 44 days from Melbourne, and 51 days from New Zealand via Brindisi; 49 days from Sydney, 47 days from Melbourne, and 54 days from New Zealand via Marseilles. If there had been a Sunday delivery in London there would have been one day less by this route. By Southampton, the Suez mails were 53 days from Sydney, 51 days from Melbourne, and 58 days from New Zealand. Better things may, however, be expected in future." It is not cleat to which of the routes the Home News refers in the last sentence. The San Francisco route may "certainly be expected to do better for the colonies, when all the arrangements are perfected, and when efficient steamers are put on between this colony and America. Mr Justice Wabj>.— The following is from the Wellington evening paper :— Mr Justice Ward is fast becoming one of the most " remarkable men in the country." He seems to be in universal request, and, according to rumour, has been appointed to half a dozen places, in each of which his appointment afforded "the utmost satisfaction." Wellington was loth. to part with him; Dunedin grudged him to Hokitika ; Wanganui was jubilant over the hopes of securing him ; far-off Taranaki opened her arms and beckoned to him ; but at last he was settled at Hokitika, and having held a court there and settled down to business, it was imagined that his peregrinations were over ; but no! Timaru has got him, appointed by report to her district, and expresses the usual " satisfaction,"'while, strangest portion of this eventful stqry, the Ministry deny that he is appointed at all ! How is all this. . to "end ? The. worthy Judge cannot be divided among the rival claimants for the honour of possessing him ; and the only feasible metbjod of settling the difficulty seems to be by giving him a sort of "roving comnaission," with a liberal, allowance for travelling expenses (after the manner of Ministers), md make him. divide his time between Taranaki, Wanganui, Hokitika, and Timaru. If ; the Government take this hint, we sincerely trust they will have better fortune than a certain old itoan, whose pathe^c story is told in "school books.' ■;■■..'■,' .' ; :\' r; ...-'. „;„•<•.:.• Maoris; t. Eubopeans.— rThej. following is.fromithe Wellington ; evening , paper of . a recent .date :^-rlf. legislation; can. save ,a race of cannibals from extinction, fche Maoriswill undoubtedly be perpetuated- Never, in the history of British : colonisation, which, BQnae people would rather .-call Anglo-Saxon aggression^ has an aboriginal race received, so much nursing, coddling,;- and:, maudlin, -sympathy, ,a 8 our ;j}et savages i>ftnd why,? , Because they «re warlike : i One: £ of ■ their* • proverbs-* being that "fighting and slay ing, are the past^rnes of' men." ;'. They, delight in blood jand. because white men generally. (%bbor; its. spilljng or shedding unnecessarily,; other ,wbite ; men conceive it, jto itoe, .th^idut£t:ta..CjQax,,£|ie naturally sanguinary n!»tjr,efl tp abstain from their primitire-pastina^-Qf spying-/! But this ;is -pot <all }- the -long-suffering: colonists Are compelled under the, present^rd^JrTjp, to do .certj^ u cojatredic^ry and ye^ unpleasant tbingsT*' 1 fftFTo -seeFißeirHf riends^and-rela-tions killed, and their houses destroyed by the Maoris. 2nd. Togo out asfj^ljinteers and militia to fight these c&nnibaliinur-derersr-3rd;-To pay-taxes.-a-large-portionof jrhicfrj is expended on what are called .".fjMndjiX Bsjtij\«B-n ; : 4th. To vote in ParlianpentfttissefßiOjn je28>60f.5B t for the benefit ot^e^J^ffiSj,!? generalr ., We pause here; *nd fin^^jon^ffer^ng^o .flic Estimates, that this large -sum j* njadoyup of fotyowjng itema for fieneraj ■', cqj»rgej|-r-,Gkne^at cont\n r agencies, £5000; salaries of j£urope>n .and nitire.ofi!LGetQ,J£}s£2'2 _ss ; trustee of native reserves. £950.. provincial charges--Native Lands CoiikyMnS^ l v survey^depATtment^ £3627.' It will fieobsei'veti thaVdbhtingencies figure very largely -in this estimate; and ■what WwobfdnaskU does Jail this, expenditure on the natives tprid to2i Certajjtfy, not to pacification; but directly, thougb.ijt£althily, in precisely I&e opposite direess^| ( 6What a host of judges, assessors, magistrates, injterpreter«,i&c. 11/ therel l /there are attached to the Native Office ; and at the head, towering above tile* commoii--herd'[ like a mighty colossus^ stands the Hon. .Donald .M'Lean— ' certainly the most confiding of Scotchmen it i ever wasibufclot^to' meet vi. Apparently, he i not only believes., iji -the perfectability of i human nature in. 'general, but of savage ! nature in particular. He therefore justifies ! all this lavish" outlay upon his dusky friends I and special protegees. - We confess we cannot > understand it. In the words of Thomas : Carlyle, "we dare not strive to compass the ineffable." We can only protest.

Mablbobough Runs. — Notices are issued of the forfeiture of a number of leases of runs in the Marlborough provinces, which are to be offered for competition at the upset rental attached to each, namely — Okaramio run, Kaituna, 1 840 acres, £5 t Raydale run No. 2, north bank of Wairau, 1120 acres, £7 ; portion of RavenscliiE run, Queen Charlotte Sound, 8800 acres, £10 ; Kaikoura run, Kaikoura, 19,000 acres, £40 ; also of a Government reserve on south bank of Clarence, 1500 acres, £70. A decision in favour of Mr J. C. Chaytor has been given, in respect of a pastoral lease of 1800 acres in the Clarence district. Native News.— The Southern Cross of August 6 says:— There is but little news of importance relating to native matters. All fears which were entertained of any dis~ turbance in the Eaglan district have passed away. Another gang of the Ureweras have surrendered; the surrender, however, appears to have been merely nominal, as we are informed that recently it was in contemplation by the whole of the surrendered rebels to return to their strongholds in the Uriwera country, and that, had it not been for the timely action of Major Mair, this would have been the case. We do not think that there is any great weight to be attached to this statement. Everybody knows that the professions of sorrow for the past by the rebels are merely to be looked upon as skin-deep, and are made more with the object of their being allowed to recruit quietly than with any other. Until we can show these misguided savages that it is really for their interest to remain at peace, and assist in opening up the country, we must be prepared for constant emeutes among them in one district or another. This object will, we believe, be effected by the Government proposals for public works." Expediting Business in the Assembly. —The Independent of Aug. 11 says : — Not withstanding that the Order Paper yesterday contained some sixty-three notices, the greater part of the evening sitting was taken up with one of those "ructions" between the ; Otago members which have become a matter of history. The bone of contention on this occasion was the validation of an ordinance of the Provincial Council relating to Boad Boards, the ordinance which it was proposed to validate comprising 246 clauses. This the hon. member in charge of the bill, Mr Macandrew, wished the House to pass in globo ; to which some hon. members from Otago, notably Mr Driver and Mr Graham, objected. Several motions for reporting progress were negatived one after the other, and ultimately the Otago members had the House to themselves for about four hours. Mr Yogel tried to. throw, oil on the troubled waters, but fall to no purpose, and a free fight; ensued between Messrs Hall and Wilson and the Otago members on the question whether; the forms of procedure of the Assembly or the Otago Provincial Council were the more correct, in the. course of which Mr Armstrong enquired if it was in order for more .than three members to speak at once. At length progress was reported, after the whole evening bad been wasted.