NOTES AND QUERIES.

Otago Witness, Issue 2209, 2 July 1896, Page 38

NOTES AND QUERIES.

Questions for reply in coming imie to le received not later than Monday night. 1 MEASuitEMENy of Running Wateb.— Mr Beverly kindly writes :— The following formula and mode of calculation may be useful to miners ,-1— 12m + 5 ' and others. If in = 100 •'rs ando= R^.^o then c vi = v, and a v = q, in which a is the quantity delivered, or number or hcids, a is the sectional area of the channel, v the me:m velocity of the- current, m the approximate Velocity, c " a" multiplier for reThiciiiK wt to th<- uie^n velocity, s the nope, or fall divided by length, and »• the hydraulic radius or area divided by wot psrimgter. Wheu mis less than 2 5, yin less than m; when greater than 25, v is # greater than in. In tbe case given a = 7, sides and bottom = 7 12, therefore r = -^ = -98, s = J^ = '002841, | therefore. r*= 'oo27B4, /~ s = -05276, and m = 100 /Ti =» 5-276. Then c =|p-g »- IN3SB ; hence v = c m =* 574, and q = ay = 40 18 Aads. Tdo expu'ssion for m may be written m = jand s being always a'sinall fraction, 10,000 s may be found by dividing 10,000 times the fall by the luugth, and the square root of the product of this by r giveo the value of »i at once. The hydraulic l'idiua r might be called ihe mean depth,, or ratio between the volume of water and the extent df frictional surface. Tho co-efficient c has been given' by different authors in a gi'eat variety of . forms,. some so complex as to be unuianageablq, and not agreeing well with oue another. The above is as simpl* and exact as. any, that has been giveD, and is a mean between those of the best authorities, coming nearest to Weissbacli's formula. Ofcoune it applies only to moderately smooth, well-trimmed channels ; if the sides and bottom aro rough the discharge will be lees •A. p.— Mr Beverly replies :— A water race.3ft fjin *|*wideittop, L 3ft wide at bottom- lft 6in deep, with a fall of 10ft psr mile; will carry 20 heads, or 20 cubic feet, per second. .J. D<— Mr Beverly replies. '-A race 4ft wide, at <4>top, 3ft wide at bottom, 2ft deep, and with a fall of 15ft p3r mile, will carry 40 Government heads, or. 40 cubic feet, per eecond. SUBSjcaißEn, Rivcrsdale.— Mr P. O. N6ill, Bond street, is the French Consul in Dunedin. Intending Contributor —We are not in need of short stories, to that there would be no possible chance of tbeir being accepted. There is really no market for short stories in the colonies, and of course the competition in the Home Country is so keen that thete ia very little chance of a colonial getting his work i placed. J. F. M.— "Book-keeping," by Inglis (single and double entry), with appendix of mercantile terms and transactions, post free, 2s ; " Baokkeepincr by Double Jlntry," by David Tolmie, for schools and self-tuition, post free, Is 6d, at Wise -and Co.'s, Princeß street. Lawn Tennis —(1) We have not heard of sawdust lawn tannin courts being tried in Otago, and we should think it was a wholly unsuitable , material for the purpose. (2) Mr Malcolm Eo;S, | Wellington. J.- 1., Eweburn.— Mr William Bateman, Kew, Melbourne, is. the most likely person we kuow of. to give you reliable information about tho Argentine. '< Don.— Take" Joz powdered alum, }lb starch, Joz sulphu tic acid, and 2Jgal water in a lar^eshallow vessel. Pnt the soveral ingredients into the water in the order named. Pkce the Ji'de or pejt to be tanned on the surface of the mixture thus formed. Let the hide .-emaiii in the mixture 48 hours, then, take it out and let it hang over a pole to drain for half an hour or more, after which beat or hit it with light strokes of a smooth round stick until quite . soft and pliable. If not soft aud pliable enough from the first dressintr.place the hide or pelt again in the liquid and let it remain so for a day, after which take out and treat as before. ■ Care should be taken not to let the sun fchineou the skin while in the mixture or while being dressed, as in such case the skin has a tenileucy to crack and crisp up. If desirable to give the hide a dark colour, put into the mixture 2oz tincture pf iron. If the tanning mixture after use is put away in close vessels it will retain its strength and cau be used again and again. Woodlands.— Mr Bills, George street, kindly | replies to your query : -Jb'rora the Ecanty particulars given I think the birds are suffering j from black rot. This is a disease mostly met with in Spanish aud other kiaAs of fowls that have large combs, and is followed by leg weakness and a great falling off in condition, the birds getting very thin and drinkinjr, large quantities of water. The fowl sometimes gets giddy and falh about, and usually dies with cramps. I wouLl recommend warm and nourishing diet with Pairhhe's chemical food »s a tonic ; also plenty of iron in thoir water. If "WoodUuds" will send more detailed particulars I will give a more definite opinion. Ohao.— The following is a list of the Presidents ■ of the .United States :— "V 1789 and 1793-General George Washington, elected first President ; April 6. 1797 — John Adams ; Match 4. 1801 tmd ISOS - Thomas Jefferson : March 4. 1809 and 1813— J»me3 Madison : March 4. 1817 and 1821— James-Monroo ; 4. '1825— John Quincy Adams ; March 4. % 1829 and 1833 Gen. Andrew Jackson ; March 4. 1837— Martin Van Buren ; Match 4. 1811— General William Hv. Harrison ; March 4. Died April 4 ; succeeded by. 1841— John Tyler (formerly vice-president). 1815- James Knox P./lk ; March 4. 1819— General Z 'chary Taylor ; March 4. Died July 9, 1850 ; succeeded by the vice--president, 18S0-Millard Fillmore. - -• • 1853— General Franklin Pierce ; March 4. 1857— Jainei Buchanan ; March 4 1861 anl 1865— n braham Lincoln: March 4. Shot April 14; died April 15, 18(55; succeeded by vice-president, IS6s— Andrew Johnson ; April 15. 1869 and 1873-Ulysses S. Grant ; March 4. 1877 -Rutherford Bi- chard Htyes ; March 4. 1881— General James Abram Garfield j March 4. Shot July 2 ; died September 19, 1881. 1881— Gen. Chaster A. Arthur; September 19. 1885— Grover Cleveland ; Dem March 4. 1689 -General Benjamin Harrison; March 4 (erandson of the president of 1841). 1833 - Grover Cleveland ; Dem. again.. Inquirer.— The single steerage fare to Hobart per U.S.S. boat is £2 155. . ■ J. K. M.— (l) We have submitted your list to an authority, who kindly replies :— The books named are scarcely of any commercul value. They are interesting as relics of religious controveriy, but are not of sufficient importance to make them marketable. Such literature is unhappily superabundant. The "Life of Lady Ruasfrll " might be worth 5s or no. (2) The firm's name ia Christie, Manson, and Woods. London will be sufficient. G. M. D.'-(l) See Drauehts Column. (2) In Great Britain a billion is a million of millions (13 figure)). In France and the United States a thousand millions (10 figures). 8,. and ML, Shotover.— We fancy ( Mr David Dun, of Gore, can supply you. See "Agricola'a" remarks. X. Y. Z.— We have have submitted your, queries ! to Mr H. M. Davy, consulting engineer, who kindly replies :— I think the most suitable books for the purpose that are obtainable here are— (l) How to Make .a Dynamo," by Alfred Croftß, a Practical Treatise for Amateurs, 2s 6i ; (2) " The Dynamo, How Made and How Usefl," by S. R. Bottone, reprinted from the English Mechanic, 3s; (3) "Notes on the Design of Small Dynamos," by G. Hailiday, 3s. Postage, say, 3d in each case. All these books are at present on sale in Braithwaite'a Arcade. There are other and fuller books but they are more on lighting and electric installations. Sawdust.— Surely you are only joking. The fact that-zathttlesßthfina thousandth part of tbe

paper '6nce in three or four weeks may be occupied by correspondence with which you do not quite agree is a very poor reason to give for a threat to stop tbe piper. We have no intention of placiag the whole paver at the disposal of tbe correspondent, as you seeru to fear. It is exceediugly difficult for anyono at a distance to understand the feeling of bitterness apparently' existing over such % trilling mattev. Poseke.— Your tale is somowhat crude ; but anyway we could not do anything with it, as we aye not in need of short tales. Heuiot.— Your apple treeß appsar to be past curing. They need rooting out, and the ground well trenched and probably drained also ; after which you should make a fresh start with '" healthy young trees. If all your tieesare like the specimen sent, they are dead from the core, and only fit for burning. Subscriber J. — The answer to both your questions is No. Windsor. — (1) Ye?, if he has a qualification other than a residence qualification. (2) There is no penalty. The proper cour<o ib 1o lodge an' objection to his name being on the roll", and it will be struck off if it is improperly on. (3) A supplementary roll is undo up immediately before an election, and any qualified person can ■have his name enrolled on it. llmn'oll can bo added to until shortly before the writs are issued, leaving sufficient time for the, .Revision Court to Sit." '(4) Three months.' residence prior to the enrolment of his name. He must send in his application to the registration officer in time to have it put on the supplementary roll. (6) The only thing that can be done is to \oAge objections to the names being put on the roll, and if improperly put on they will be struck off ■ by the revising officer. Subscriber.— A could perhaps r< c6ver damages ; but tbat depends upon the circumstances, and you have not stated them. Digger.— lt jieed not cost anything to obtain protection for a mining claim .beyond the trouble of filling up and posting the notice's and attending the Warden's Court to make the application. There is no fixed charge for getting , protection, anfl a " mining advpeate" c\n charge according to the trouble he has to take, the distance'he has to' travel, Ac. A usual charge is ' "10s O'd when he lives near the place -where the court is held. Shareholder.— Section 8i of "The Companies Ac? 18S2" says :— Every company formed under this acfc shal hold a general meeting within four months after lts # memorandum of association is registered ; and if such meeting is not held, the company shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding fivq pounds per,day for every day after the expiration of such four months until the meeting is held. And cvevy director ov inanazer of the company, and every subscriber of tbe memorandum of association, who knowingly authorises or permits such default shall be liable to tho same penalty.

VETERINARY QUERIES.

fAatwetad by & <olt anillHed Veterinary Eurgsoi. Ua«rle> mu«t ba reoalred by Jlokdat sJfbt to oninr* roply la tat antoicdlnt lnuo.l Observer.— (l) The most convenient and safest food in this colony for improving the condition of horses is good oaten chaff with a little threshed oats mixed in it and biaa, with carrots and hay in winter, or grass in summer, togeth r with a comfortable stable and a wellsheltered paddock to run out in for exercise, and wholesome water. The condition powderß of commerce had batter bo left alone unless compounded by r reliable qualifhd practitioner, . who after an examination can supply a medicine suited to their individual requirements. (2), See Sporting.