DECENTRALISED CONTROL OF EDUCATION

Manawatu Times, Volume LIV, Issue 7268, 22 September 1933, Page 7

DECENTRALISED CONTROL OF EDUCATION

If Masters Reviews The English System

COMPARISON WITH NEW ZEALAND Per Press Association WELLINGTON, Last Night. During his visit to the World Conference, the Hon. R. Masters (Minister of Education) made some inquiries into the English system of education. Interviewed by tho Press concerning the matter, the Minister said that, as the time at his disposal was limited, he was compelled to coniine his inquiries almost entirely to those of administration.

“It is particularly difficult to make a comparison with our system,’' said Mr Masters,” because the two systems differ very materially when judged from the point of view of organisation and administration. In tho first place, there is the decentralisation of a very large proportion of responsibility and control, which is vested in no fewer than 316 local education authorities, these being councils of counties, lf councils of county boroughs and of other boroughs and urban districts, each local education authority entrusting a large amount of its educational work —with tho exception of certain financial transactions —to an education committee which is representative of the councils and others with experience or interest in tho work.

“This system can be readily understood. in view of the fact that £40,000,000 out of the total cost of education, £82,000,000, is a direct charge on local rates, the remainder being i>rovided by Parliament out of taxes. Then again, voluntary organisations and various religious bodies play a very prominent part in educational matters, even to the extent of providing a number of training colleges, some of which receive grants in aid, while others are carried on at the expense of the organisation or Teligious body concerned. It will bo seen, therefore, that the positions from an administration point of view are hardly comparable.

Good Medical Service “In the matter of medical service the attention is much more generous than that of Now Zealand, largely on account of tho proportion of children domiciled in tho largo cities and towns. As is the practice hero, parents arc informed of any defect which may be found, but in England the treatment is limited to certain kinds of defect or ailment; e.g., minor ailments, defective eyes and teeth, onlarged tonsils and adenoids. The authority has to provide treatment and the parents contribute what they can towards the cost. An increasing number of authorities are now undertaking also Hie treatment of crippling defects —heart disease and rheumatism. These services aro limited to tho elementary schools.

"The local authorities may also provide meals for children attending the elementary schools. This service again is free in necessitous cases and in others the parents are obliged to pay the whole or part of tho cot. Some 47,000,000 meals were provided last year for 320,000 children in the city areas, and rather more than half the meal 3 consisted of milk. Secondary Education

"New Zealand, on the other hand, is much more generous in the matter of providing for free secondary education. Until 1932 the tuition fees in publicly-aided secondary schools showed wide variations, and in some schools no fees were charged. Under new regulations which came into force in April, 1933, all these schools are required to charge fees, and tho fees now charged range from £6 6s to £2l per annum. In Wales tho fees are somewhat lower than in England. "Having in view the encouragement of the brighter children, every school must offer annually a number of scholarships to pupils of elementary schools and may offer additional special places to church schools. These scholarships, or special places, enable tho scholars to receive total or partial remission of fees according to the means of tho parents.

"In the matter of remuneration to students attending training colleges, after making full allowance for reduced rates brought into operation in this country, England suffers in comparison. In the first place, there is a differentiation made in the allowances paid to male and female students, the latter receiving approximately 25 per cent, less than the former.

"The principle of the ability of the parents to pay runs right through the whole scale of allowances, and the salaries are dependent upon the earnings of tho parent and the size of the family. Tho highest salary paid is that of the student whose parents havo less than £4OO per annum, with four or more children, tho total amount paid in this caso being £43 per annum for boarders and £26 per annum for day students who are males and £34 and £2O respectively for females. These amounts are reduced gradually as the earnings of tho parents are increased, until they disappear when itho salary of the parents is over £6OO in the caso of a male and £550 in the case of a female. The trainee is required to pay a premium to enter the colleges, ranging from £ls per annum to £3O per annum where the salary of the parent is £BOO per annum. Few Kindergartens

"In view of the large population in tho poorer parts of the large towns, I had expected to see the kindergarten system more fully developed, but there is only a comparatively small number in existence, some being provided by the local education authorities and some by voluntary bodies. Of the total, which is 57, throughout England and Wales, making provision for under 5000 children, approximately half are provided by voluntary bodies without any assistance from the State. Many of these are nursery schools, whero the children are cared for during the time their mothers are in employment. Good food,, feeab. s-i& modiead and

tention and play, rather than formal education, are the characteristic features of such schools.

"My only regret is that my time was so limited that i was not aljle to inquire more fully into tho whole system operating in Great Britain. However, I have obtained a great deal of information for submission to my department, which I feel sure will be