Latest Parliamentary. BLOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

Hawke's Bay Herald, Volume 13, Issue 1073, 10 August 1869, Page 3

Latest Parliamentary. BLOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

Tuesday, August 3. (Prom the " Independent," August 5,) PATABA. • Ma. Cracroft Wilson asked the Native Minister whether Pafcara, the companiou of Kereopa in his expedition to the East Coast in 1865, has been taken into the confidence of Mr. Parris, Civil Commissioner ; whether he has been intrusted with the charge of a Native Reserve upon which a Government redoubt ia now standing, and whether he is receiving any salary from the funds of the Colony? The Hon.. the Premier replied that in the absence of the Native Minister he was not able to give a definite answer to the ] whole of the questions, but he was sorry- to say that Patara, if not the familiar associate, was at least the official companion of. Mr. Commissioner Parris.- How far. the other statements made by the hon. member were correct he was not aware ; but the hon. member might rest assured that the Government'Woiild lose no time in taking such action as might be considered expedient in •' reference to this outrageous case. privilege. ■-.-' The Hon. the Premier said it was with great pain that he brought under the notice of the House one of the grossest breaches of its privileges, and grossest attempts to intimidate a Government of the colony which had ever been practised. The hon. member then proceeded to read a , letter, sent to himself by Mr. Busby, in which the latter threatened that, if the Government did not support the Land Claims Arbitration Act Supplementary Bill, he would lay the whole matter before the members of the London Stock Exchange. He (Mr. Fox) could adopt one of three courses — he might bring the subject before the Attor-ney-General, with the view of ascertaining whether Mr. Busby had not rendered himself liable^ to a criminal prosecution ; or he might move; that! Mr. Busby be called to the bar of this House, but he did not intend to do either. The Government proposed to lay the letters on the table of the House, and When the Land Claims Arbitration lAcfc Supplementary Bill came on for discussion the next day, he should move that the notice, be struck from the order paper,*and,not be put on again this sea-,. sion. (Hear, hear.) Mr. Carleton explained that he had been no party to the action taken by Mr. Busby. Mr. Creighton protested against Mr. Busby's.spee.ch/afcihe bar of the House being printed in an appendix, as it appeared &om Hdnsard it was to be. I H.;, Harrison said the hon. member* bad ; not acted with candour in this matter, since at his own request, a meeting of the Reporting Committee had been convened for Wednesday in order to consider this Subject , ' .IMPORT DUTY ON BREAJDSTUFFS. On the motion of Mr. Macandrew the following order of the day was postponed for a week:— The following resolution to be considered in Committee of Way? and Means.:— That, in the opinion of this House, it 13 expedient that, upon all cereals and breadatufts imported into this colony from other-countries, .there be levied an import duty equivalent to that imposed by such countries upon similar commodities imported from New Zealand. IMPERIAL TROOPS. " '!.LQflU'the' motion of the Defence Minister the/ifouse went into committee to consider the:; resolutions .about Imperial troopa of which he had given; notice. ' <; Inx committee, the Defence Minister obtained leaje to substitute the following resolutions for those on the order paper : — 6!f i."TEafc, having regard to the very threatening aspect of affairs in the North Island, and to the exhausted state of colonial finances, it is beyond the strength, of the colony, left to its own resources, to sjipply with colonial troops sufficient gar* risons for jthe protection of life and property, and' at the same time •to provide an adequate moveable force to resist the formidable organised bands which, continually ttjakVraids into the outlying settled' districts}' devastating the country, and tor-toring-and murdering without distinction of age or sex .the peaceful inhabitants of both races, and which sometimes even hreaten the safety of some of the principal towns -of the North Island. .- .. .2., That the countenance and protection of the Imperial Government afforded by the presence of a' small body of Imperial troops are even of more importance than the physical strength thereby given. 3.iThat. under 'these- circumstances, a final appeal be made to, the Mother Country for the assistance of Imperial trooops, the colony undertaking on its part to provide an efficient constabulary force. ■; - ' : 4. That this House undertakes to make . jjjpvisionjor such contribution as may be fttrangeil^iffi^^ r towards defraying the cost of maintaining such Imperiabtroops. ■ . . • ■ ; CPhat-'such arrangement should b'e< mad 6 for 1500 men for five years. 1 6; That the' Government take steps to . effect tb; these resolutions by sending'conimission'ers to England to make I^o' n'o_6^arj f representations to the Imperial'Qovprnment. «,<*. That ih&^commissioners bo armed wijh-full powers of. discretion to obtain the opinion, of the best military authorities aj :to tne advisability of employing Gkoorkas£r any* other- body of disciplined men, and to be guided by such opinion in their representations 'to the Imperial Government. ; *— The hon. gentleman, after some, preliminary remarks, said it would be admitted that the principal difficulty they had to contend wjtjij'was the native difficulty. .The magnitude and difficulty of this question they had rtot yet sufficiently appreciated. Notwithstanding, many years' colonial experience, ihyy did not eeepa to recognise those national feelings by which the native race' had been- actuated, nor to appreciate the various motives which had influenced the conduct of 'the natives during the last 25 or 26 years. Pewiflh'ed shortly to draw attention to a.few facts connected with the past which would throyr . light -upon the future. About 40 years ago^ a celebrated northern chief, Hongi, ymfcedt George Ith'e t fourth, whose greatness led IJongi to conceive, the ideft of becoming King of New Zealand. Subsequently, about 1835, a conference of chiefs took place, at whicb a resolution was proposed to. ntake laws, frame a, constitution, and send to the Jtiiig or England asking for- his assistance to enablj theni to carry out the laws andmauitain their own sovereignty. These were very

lofty aspirations,* and a race capable of such was deserving of the fullest consideration by any Government coming into the country. But it seemed to be generally overlooked that a race possessed, of such qualities as these were naturally jealous of a foreign power \ and this was ; the. main difference between the Europeans and the native race, that the exercise of our jurisdiction was resented by them, and bad been the cause of the slow progress we had made in gaining influence over them. The race was also possessed of considerable military genius, of which we had had considerable experience during the last eight years 5 was fruitful in resources^ and no doubt possessed certain characteristics which might be found to be of vast advantage to the general interests of the country if these elements of mind could only be fused by bringing them under a general system. They should reconsider their position. The colonists had aimed at too much, and had bad very ambitious projects. He heard a Prime Minister say, when the colony was at the zenith of its power, when it had 10,000 British troops and 5000 armed colonists to support it, that the Queen's writ should pass from end to end of the land. The Queen's writ did not now pass (Hear, hear), and was almost as far from doing, so as it "was when the. statement was made. He was therefore' justified in saying that they had aimed at too much, arid at what was beyond their means. Then with the best intentions they had enacted, laws for the benefit of the native race, and had learnt the truth of Hepworth Dixon's remark that habits and customs were stronger than laws. They found the laws, were used when they served the purpose, of the natives. Then impracticable theories were propounded. Then they tried physical force with varied success, but never found it effect a solution of the difficulties. Lastly they had a series of atrocities which had thrown a shade over the history of the colony; and they must now turn round and see if there was any possibility of their extricating themselves from the enormous difficulties which presented themselves to the mind of every person who reflected on the subject. He thought, however, there was yet some hope before them, and that they were not justified in giving up this question in despair. One of the chief ways out . of their difficulties would be the action of those numerous friendly tribes which inhabited the North Island. He knew that prejudice existed against these natives ; but many tribes had remained on our side in time of difficulty, had exhibited a regard for our institutions, and displayed a chivalrous devotion to our cause which might be taken as an earnest of the future. (Hear, hear.) Not long ago an influential chief in the North, and one who once saved the colony from ruin — Te Rurau, said to him, " Well, I really think that, after all, being loyal and friendly is the cause of neglect on the part of the Government. If I had been troublesome or turbulent, 'or inclined to make myself heard by creating a disturbance, then the Government would have flocked round me and I should hare been very muqh noticed." This showed that confidence on the part of the friendly natives towards us was not sufficiently followed up.- The small incidents . arising from colonisation were not likely to produce any permanent ill-feelings in the minds of the natives. As soon as such ■ grievances were remedied they were forgotten; and these differences were not the , cause which kept the races apart, nor of ' the resentment exhibited to our rule. They found that those natives from whom the Europeans had never obtained an inch of land, and from whom nothing whatever ha I been exacted were the first to take the. field against us on several occasions, having not the slightest pretext- for-doing-so, -.except the national feeling . that their country should not be overrun by a foreign race. As instances, ' he woujd take the Ngatiruanui and Uriwera tribes. It would be the object of the Government during the recess as far as possible to place itself in communication with the various large tribes ! in the North Island, with a view of arriving at a settlement of the great leading differences of opinion existing between themi selves and the Europeans. The Governiment would confer frankly and openly with them on all .these questions, and if possible \ obtain such reliable information in reference to the views of those tribes as would enable the Government 5 to frame some measure ■. for their better government. It had been suggested on several occasions that districts might be formed in which the natives could themselves take a considerable : share in the government ; but he feared ( that, although such a plan might have been ' successful a few years ago, it was too late to form such districts now; The Governor possessed power to proclaim such districts, and had that power been exercised, the very considerable difficulties in which the colony had been involved during the last two years would have been avoided.' In" connection with these large tribes, a grave , fault had been committed in overlooking I the institution of chieftainship, which might have boen used with the greatest advantage. (Hear, hear.) Had they fully recognised : the leading chiefs of the country and reposed confidence in them, that confidence would have been reciprocated, and they would have had a power in the country working with them to prevent difficulties arising. But they had gone on detribalising these people, knocking down that power which had been most successful in other ; parts of the world in carrying out the i functions of government. The non-recog-i nition of that power was one of the gravest > faults they had committed ; and, even now, by recognising it some good might be effected. Let them go on detribalising these people and the effect would be, a band of murderers prowling over the country without submitting to any authority, and giving us a new phase of war which would result in the destruction of the Maori race and the greatest peril to the colonists scattered over the North Island. They had not constructed sufficiently, their tendency had been to break down existing institutions, instead of aiding them. Amongst the various enactments relating to the natives "iyhich had been; passed, there was one which might possibly have the most favorable results — the Native Lands Act. [Hear, hear]. It had been supposed that he was averse to the Native Lands Court. He had certainly held an objection to the Court, that it might give rise to serious litigation and differences of which its most ardent sujiportei's were not conscious when the act was passecj, ;and might not be conscious now ; ' but, the lafr (having been passed, heP had been one of its best

supporters in the whole country, and could bring the testimony of the Chief Judge of the Court in corroboration of every word he might say on the subject. But whatever views he might entertain on the working of the act, he believed it was passeda good intention, and though 'it required certain amendments, which it would be the duty ,of the Government to bring forward, should have his most cordial support. In regard to its particular operation, probably more land went through the Court in Hawke's Bay than any other pavt of New Zealand, and a large number of natives there had become possessed of titles. All sorts of influences had been brought to bear; the Crown grants were passed about the country, and the natives regarded them with suspicion,' looking upon them as a means by which they were ultimately, to be deprived of their property. In reference to the subject of the confiscated lands, very great care must be used in dealing, but many things could be done with them. They might locate friendly natives on various blocks of the confiscated lands, which could be turned to very good account in this way, and. though the Government did not hold out any hope of colonising these lands immediately in any other way, it would endeavor to effect such a settlement as it could, and to obtain such information in"re"^p6c% ' to the management of the lijndlas would enable the Hdiise to legislate, if not that, yet during next session, in respect to them. It had been stated in the North that it might assist in settling difficulties if some of the powerful Waikato tribes could be located on the confiscated lands. - Some of these tribes were living on land not their own, and if such an arrangement could be carried into effect the Government desired to do so. As to the subject generally, he always thought the question of the confiscated lands would be attended with considerable difficulty, because the land throughout the country was like a chess board, and was so divided betwren friendly and hostile natives that it was very difficult to distinguish between them; and it would have been vastly cheaper for the country to have obtained the land by purchase and with the goodwill of the natives. Another subject relating to the North Island, and upon which he found that even the North Island members were not agreed, was the formation of lines of road throughout the country. If this could be effected it would greatly assist in the settlement of the country, and he did not think it would be found difficult to carry roads through important parts without provoking the hostility of the natives. For instance, one line of road might be carried from Rotorua to Taupo ; in the province of Taranaki a road might be formed along the line followed by General Chute in his celebrated march ; roads could be made from west to east, from Manawatu to Wairarapa, from the latter place to Hawke's Bay, and thence to Taupo. If natives, under European direction, were employed in the work, a million could be profitably spent. If these roads were made, the friendly natives would feel confident that they would be protected. The Hawke's Bay natives were willing to give assistance in such an undertaking. Such feelings ought to be encouraged ; by employing the natives on such, works it would serve to turn their attention to other pursuits than war, and encourage habits of peaceful industryi A race like the New Zealandew, ambitious of being our equals, could be directed in this manner. One question was exciting a considerable amount of interest amongst hon. members — the treatment which prisoners were to receive as a whole. This he would explain in a few words. An endeavor would be made to deal with them as far as possible, in just the same manner as European prisoners would be dealt with. A law of an exceptional character had been passed, but the Government desired to use it as little as possible. It was their desire that the same law should be made to apply to one race as applied to the other. The Premier had already indicated that the policy which the Government intended to pursue was a non-aggressive policy- — that it intended to act ' on the defensive and to use the means at its disposal as faras possible jfor the defence of life and property. .' It was not their intention to have large expeditions spreading about different parts qf the country, unavailable for purposes of defence, but to give assistance 1 where required. They would not have settlers exposed to outrage while the forces were scattered about in places at seasons of the when it was utterly impossible for them to be of any advantage to the country. ; ,Thje present proposals of the Government reference to the defence of the North Island were these :— -The Islands would be divided . into several districts, and each district would would have a force allotted to it and be commanded by an experienced officer, who would receive instructions direct from the Defence Minister. These districts would be — the frontiers of Waikato, Taranaki Wanganui, and Patea, and the East Coast ;■ which, wei'e the districts requiring most immediate attention. The Government also 'considered that very considerable improvements, might be made in the way of dis.cipline, and acted on, the belief that one man well disciplined was better than three or four undisciplined. They would defend outsettlers by all means at their disposal and punish outrage and crime. They did not intend to carry on extensive operations that might create irritation and embroil them, in continual difficulties with large tribes. The Government had fully considered the character of the force most suited to the requirements of the country, and had come to the conclusion that a force which should embrace a large civil element in its duties would be the most suitable, and with this view they had communicated with the Superintendent of Otago, who had placed at their disposal the services of the Commissioner of the Otago police ; and they intended in process of time, not immediately, to reconstruct the force now or ! hereafter to be employed, on the principle of the Irish Constabulary. Should this prove, successful, the force would probably prove the model for the other police in the North Island, thus an uniform system of police would be brought about. The force ' would be altogether of a non-political cbaracI ter, and promotion would depend solely on merit and good conduct. In the case of the friendly natives now in the force, a selection would be made of the most active and intelligent men who Iwere willing to servo. ;Tl]e Government were fully determined to put an end to all conflict of authority, and ;the exercise of thatcontrol, by the Native/ .Department which had been, so: much dhf jjected against, the Government woiild put 1

an end to. The subject of Militia and Volunteers could more properly be dealt with when the Estimates were under discussion. He now came to that portion of the resolutions which dealt with an application for Imperial troops. It was fully necessary to have a disciplined force in the colony. Tho employment of such a force was consistent with the so-called-self-reliance policy. If the colony could get two men for one, and^those r two well trained and discipline, it was 1 the' best thing it could do, and was not a departure from the selfreliance policy -, and the presence of troops would have that, moi'al influence, both on the loyal and the turbulent, which the country required. Such a force was essentially necessary for the preservation of anything like good order and peace on our frontiers. When Titokowaru was threatening Wanganui, the presence of a detachment of the 18th Regiment had a very strong effect in preventing him attacking the town. Letters which he received from Wanganui at the time said that the troops saved the place. The presence, of troops would give a feeling of security to the colonists, who were willing to give all the aid they could in repressing disturbances, but beyond this the self-reliant policy was becoming a mere name, a . mere theory, without practical result. . 3ss did. not believe that England, with her gr#at and generous heart, would act towards the colony in such a spirit as not to listen to its appeal. England, who had spent twenty millions of money in liberating negro slaves, and had undertaken the Abyssinian war, would listen to proper representations, and the result would be alike satisfactory to the colony, and creditable to tbe old country. Some objected that England would not grant this help, owing to her having adopted a different line of policy, and would allow the extremities of her empire to take care of themselves. But he believed in the unity of the empire as in the unity of the colony, and as no part of the colony could be abandoned without weakening the whole, so no part of the empire could le abandoned without the whole suffering. He hoped the House would, sink party differences and make an unanimous appeal to the home country for those troops, whose coming would bring peace and prosperty to the colony. (Cheers.) ■

Mr. Stafford sail the very liberal interpretation which tte Government placed upon the word molification, in substituting seven entirely new resolutions for the two whicl had so long stood upon the order paper, would have j ustified him in asking the Eouse to adjourn the discussion ; but as no jractical good was likely to arise from such an adjournment, members' minds being riade up on the subject, he should not ask f<r it. The hon. gentleman's speech was ai able, but an entirely irrelevant one. "What the House had to consider was not tie past history of the natives, but how to >rotect life and property from aggression. He had always considered it to be impssible to avert a struggle for supremacy letween the two races. He concurred 'in* tie remarks' of the hon. gentleman about tie opinions held by the natives, but he hat entirely failed to show their connection wjfcMhe subject of the resolutions — the maiing of an application for Imperial troops, the runanga.?, which had been advocated by&e present Premier, had done much to detroy the power of the native chiefs, and he doubted whether it would have been Possible, by any means whatever, to have maintained that power. But still this wai apart from what the House had to coisider, how to provide effectually for the potection of the country \ and the hon. gentlanan's scheme would not do this. If the Government really did demilitarise the cdonial force they would commit a deadly evil, and plunge the country into imninent danger. They must have a fighfng force, call it what they might, if life aid property were to be safe. It was very iifficult even now to infuse a sufficiently fighting spirit into the force, and yet it wls proposed to make it more like an ordinary police force. The hon. gentleman saii-that the Government intended that the oScersf commanding the district should report to tho Defence Minister ; but this hadalways been done. No one disputed the siperiority of disciplined pver undisciplined tneh, but it was impossible to give a colcnial force the same discipline as prevailed in the Imperial army. The hon. gentleman had inferentially said the policy of the late Government was an aggressive one ; but that Government had never commenced aggressive operations, and surely the present Government did not mean to say that. they would not pursue hostile natives beyond the boundaries of a certain district. The Government were in this dilemma : either their policy was identical with 'that of the late Government ; or it would prove a fatally ruinous one. [Hear, hear]. He did not know what a political force meant, and 'hoped an explanation would be given! ; The late Government had been trying, and with a very considerable amount of success,' -to prevent the detribalising the' natives, by inducing them to join the colonial forces and' encouraging an esprit de corps, and. he hoped this attempt would be persevered in, believing that it would have the best results. If the constabulary were to be mad 6so efficient by the exertions of the Otago Commissioner of Police, there would be the less necessity for Imperial troops. He would ask how many Imperial garrisons were between Wanganui and Taranaki at the time Mr. Broughton was shot. Before General Chute's expedition was undertaken, the. sentries and escorts were constantly fired upon. . When the troops were sent to Wanganui, Titokowaru had not crossed the Patea, and their advent did not prevent him going in as far as Kai Iwi. The presence of troops had, jin some instances, provoked attack, as when General Cameron took possession ofNukumaru. Ho did not believe that England's heart was great iry the ; direction which the hon. gentleman indicated. It might have been once, but it was not so now. The 1 Abyssinian waV, so often quoted, was not undertaken because of the great heart of England, but because she was afraid of losing her position in Europe. Besides, the cases were not parallel. England looked upon the New Zealand war as an internal riot, a street row, and was determined to be no longer entangled in it. There was no longer an Imperial Government, there was a British. Government sitting in Downing-street and administering very badly the affairs of the empire. The colony would not obtain troops even if it ( went on its knees to ask for them. It was jtW settled policy of the empire not to fuv±

nish troops to its outlying colonies; and, although the policy might be an unwise and destructive one, yet, if the commissioners went down on their knees it would not be altered. The first six resolutions were consistent enough, but the seventh was contradictory of the others. The former looked to the maintenance of garrisons, but the hon. member for Coleridge. certainly did not intend his Ghoorkas to be employed in performing garrison duty. The House, by the resolution which ib had already passed, was bound to provide for the maintenance of one regiment. He would move the following amendment : — To omit all the words after the word "that" and insert the following in lieu thereof:—" This House will not sanction the expenditure of colonial funds in the payment of Imperial troops beyond such a sum as may be required for one regiment, as to be stationed as garrisons at such centres of population as the Governor may appoint, with a view to the moral effect which, in the opinion of this House, the presence of a small body of Imperial troops produces on the native population, both loyal and disaffected ; and that a select committee be appointed to prepare a humble address to her Majesty embodying the conditions on which her Majesty should be requested to station such, regiment in New Zealand." .The ..Hon. the Pr^mieu .said ;the- -last speaker had shown an utter ignorance of both the nature of runangas and chieftainship in his remarks. It was through the runangas that chiefs had exercised their influence ; and there was, therefore, no inconsistency between his (Mr. Fox's) formerly supporting the runanga system and I the Government now proposing to adopt measures for preventing the detribalising of the natives. The great objection to the present Government's proposals, seemed to be the demilitarising of the colonial forces. They must, it seems, infuse a military ardor into the force, and encourage the assumption of military titles by the officers. But the Government would not encourage that draggle-tail spirit which the late Ministry encouraged, and the mischievous results of which they had seen. The Government would do all they could to demilitarise the force and prevent it falling into such a state of mutiny as it was in when they came into office. The late Ministry wished to see a mockery of a standing army, a bastard soldiery, maintained. By demilitarising the force the Government means reducing its numbers and making it more efficient at half its present cost. The defence of the country did not depend upon spasmodic efforts, but the localising of forces under able commanders capable of crushing aggression in the bud. It was no part of their scheme to allow such raids as that made by Titokowaru: the Government meant business, and did not intend to have any playing at soldiering. If the Imperial Government had really come to the belief that the native rebellion was a mere Donnybrook row, the last speaker was responsible for it. But the hon. gentleman was not candid, for while sneering at the Imperial Government, he moved a resolution asking for a regiment of troops. These sneers were not reciprocated by the House. It would be the duty of the commissioners to disabuse the Home Government of the belief that such sentiments were entertained, and to declare the loyalty of the colony. It passed through his mind that the hon. member, who he hoped would not be offended at his saying so, might be tainted with Fenianism ; for had he been a Fenian he could not have uttered sentiments more disloyal. [Loud cheers]. If they went to the British Government in a proper spirit, assistance would be granted. He was not in tlieleusfc-of opinion that the British Government would, drive a hovd bargain with us ; the representations of the commissioners would induce that Government to reconsider the whole relations between the Home country and the colony. The old feelings of affection would be revived, and the feelings engendered by Fenian utterances would be destroyed. The amendment was a clever piece of jockeyship. It admitted that troops should be applied for, and was identical so far with the Government resolution, but for the purpose of catching the votes of those members who did not approve of so many troops as the Government asked for, it proposed a lesser number. The amendment and resolution merely diffei'ed in detail. But it was highly important that commissioners might be sent home in order that the relations between the colony and the Home country might be placed on a better footing. That could not be done by an address ; and the hon. member knew that nothing was more likely to defeat an application for troops than sending it home on a piece of paper. The amendment was indeed, simnly intended to defeat the Government. As three members had already addressed the committee, and hon. members might like to consider the subject before continuing the debate, he would move that the chairman do report progress and ask .leave to sit again. ' .. ... Mr. Tbavebs opposed the motion for reporting progress. He should support Mr. Stafford's amendment on the supposition that it was intended to maintain a collateral force capable of preserving the peace of the colony. The men in the colony had sufficient energy to provide for its security if the duty were fairly cast upon them. It would be a degradation to the colony to send to the Government and people of England such resolutions as those before the House. Moreover, it would be a piece of unmitigated humbug and would stultify the colony to say that it did not possess resources to repress outbreaks. Owing to the antagonism of the natives to colonisation, the utmost the colony could do was to protect the margins of colonisation ; and in this task England would never aid it. It was his firm impression that England would deny even one regiment. Moreover garrisons for towns would not answer our purpose, we wanted a force capable of maintaining our present positions, and of advancing colonisation. We should impress upon the natives that while we do not intend to make any aggressions upon them, yet we are prepared to punish such outrages as those committed by Te Kooti and Titokowaru. The great secret of this matter was to inspire the natives with confidence in the justice of the intentions of the Europeans; The Government should be perfectly open in its dealings with them. In the eighteen months during which he had lived in this province he had seen great evils arise from the work- ; ing of tho Native Lands Act, which requires amendment. i Progress was then, reported.