WHY CANADA ABANDONED PROHIBITION.

Auckland Star, Volume LIX, Issue 266, 9 November 1928, Page 12

WHY CANADA ABANDONED PROHIBITION.

(Published by Arrangement.) *

MR. T. M. WILFORD, M.P., TELLS

HIS EXPERIENCES

(Special Correspondent.) WELLINGTON, November 8,

"' When, in a prohibition country, a Judge in the Court has a bootlegger himself, and is trying a bootlegger before a jury, at least half of whom have bootleggers, what can you expect?' said Judge Avery to me in Canada." Thus Mr. T. M. Wilford, M.P., opened an address before a crowded audience in Wellington on the subject of his experiences of the State Control of liquor, as adopted in Canada, after that country had given prohibition a thorough trial.

The Venerable Archdeacon Williams, President of the Licensing Reform Association, presided. He said that Mr, Wilford had acceded to the association's request to make public his experiences in Canada, so that the people of New Zealand might understand why that country had abandoned prohibition, and adopted State Control. He would urge the people of New Zealand to -make use of the middle issue of State Control as an indication that they wanted reforming legislation. (Applause).

Air. Wilford, who was received with prolonged applause, said his personal experiences covered the principal cities of the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. He had not visited Prince Edward Island, which, with Nova Scotia, was still called a prohibition province; but prohibition existed there only in name. In Nova Scotia he had found that the amount of liquor sold for medicinal purposes would lead one to believe that the province was one great hospital. He had investigated matters concerning the ' drink question from Victoria on the west, to Halifax on the east; interviewing Premiers, police officers, writers, business men, shopkeepers, clerks, manufacturers and many C.N.R. 'officials, arid at the end of his tour had come to the definite conclusion that prohibition had utterly failed. His first visit in British Columbia had been to the home of Dr„ McLean, the then Premier, who told him that both he and his wife had been prohibitionists, that they had done all they could to get prohibition carried; but that they had found it, in operation, futile, unenforcable, and a farce. Young people who had not thought of drinking before, had quickly become addicts, the Premier had said, and that vile decoctions, hitherto unknown, had been used when legally manufactured spirits could not be procured. The Premier had helped to repeal the prohibition law, and to get State Control substituted, for prohibition was not a deterrent. (Hear, hear.)

Prohibition a Scandal. In Vancouver, Mr. Wilford had interviewed the heads of the enforcement system of State Control and the police chiefs. They informed him that they had voted prohibition in the first place, and had originally hoped it would work, but before long found it impossible of enforcement. Bootlegging flourished, witnesses in liquor cases would not give evidence against offenders, and young men and girls, as soon as liquor was made "forbidden fruit," started in to defy the law and drink as they had never drunk before. Prominent citizens like Dr. Gatenwood, Mr. Burns, Mr. E. B. Cave, and Mr. Fitzpatrick, among others, had told him that the state of the city under prohibition had been a scandal. Canned heat or methylated spirits were consumed by the old topers, and vile and poisonous liquor was sold, even to boys and girls, by unscrupulous bootleggers. He had also interviewed employees of the Hudson Bay Stores, and in many shops. They all agreed that State Control was miles ahead of prohibition.

At Edmonton, the capital of Alberta, Mr. Wil f ord had interviewed the members of Parliament, and found one man only who said that he thought that prohibition could be enforced. He had spent two hours with the Hon. J. E. Brownlee, the Premier, who intimated that he had been a life-long prohibitionist; but that public opinion could not be raised in the Province to-day to give prohibition a chance of success, if a poll or plebiscite was now taken. State Control was working well. The Premier had stated that the change to prohibition was too drastic, and that he was quite satisfied {hat no reversion from State Control was now in eight.

At Regina, the capital of Saskatchewan, the speaker had had a long interview with Mr. Gardiner, Premier of Saskatchewan, another who had been an ardent prohibitionist. He had agreed with Mr. Brownlee that the change to prohibition was disastrously sudden, and that education must precede prohibition. He had explained that local option was possible in districts under the Saskatchewan law, so that 113 districts could each, if they liked, become dry. But he admitted that they had not become dry, and agreed that the people of the province would not vote for prohibition today. The shopkeepers of Regina had assured Mr. Wilford that conditions 1 were better under State Control than under prohibition.

At the time of Mr. Wilford's visit the Premier of Manitoba, Mr. Bracken, had been ill, but the speaker had seen Mr. Clubb, the Deputy Premier, who while personally inclined to prohibition said that State Control had abolished bootlegging and the unspeakable evils that went with it; and had agreed with the other Premiers that no vote taken to-day would repeal Control for Prohibition.

The speaker had interviewed twentyseven shopkeepers in Winnipeg, the capital of Manitoba, and not once did he hear a favourable word for prohibition. One woman had said to him: "Give me Control, not prohibition. Under Control my husband goes to the store, buys a bottle of good liquor, and brings it home. Under prohibition he went with friends to bootleggers and sometimes didn't return at all. He wasn't able to." Election Fought on Repeal of Prohibition.

In Ontario, Mr. Wilford stated, he had met Premier Ferguson, who hid fought his recent election on the abolition of prohibition and the institution of State Control. "He won," said Mr. Wilford, "with a majority of about a quarter of a million votes." (Applause.) Premier Ferguson had told him how, under prohibition, doctors issued prescriptions for five million dollars' worth in one year. Bootlegger?, defying the law, flourished, buying expensive mansions and cars, flaunting their wealth arrogantly in the public places, and selling thirty-five mil, lion dollars' worth .of liquor in twelve months. Smuggling could not be stopped. Bad liquor smashed homes,

poisoned drinkers, and broke up families. Young men and girls had sought forbidden fruit and schemed for liquor where formerly they hadn't thought of it. The ease of manufacture and hujp profits readily made, smashed the moral fibre of the people. Premier Ferguson had to bring this state of things to an end, and the people rallied to his aid in abolishing prohibition and setting up State Control in its place. (Applause.)

Canon Cody, a famous Anglican minis- i ter, went to Alberta to investigate State | Control; he came back to Ontario con-1 vinced, and said 60. Then Dr. McGilv- J ray, a noted Presbyterian minister, in- } vestigated State Control is other pro- f vinces, and became converted. Father Burke, of the Roman Catholic Church, joined these two divines in the movement for the repeal of prohibition and the people began to take an interest. _ Then Alr». Emily Murphy, a police magistrate of Edmonton, made a public statement, in which she said she had opposed State Control in Alberta on platform and by pen before it became law; but that, after several years administering it, she had found her fears had proved unfounded, for the State Control law was well conceived and well enforced. Premier i Ferguson had told the speaker that when scores of the leaders in every walk of life throughout the province had joined this movement, and publicly stated that the responsibility of the home, the school, and the Church called for the repeal of prohibition the people of Ontario followed their lead. (Applause.) State Control Better. "At Ottawa," continued Mr. Wilford, "I was the guest of the Speaker of the House of Commons, the Hon. Randolph Lemieux. I met all the principal meu in the R&tliament there, and had opportunities discussing this matter with some of those who had been prominent in the prohibition movement of the past. 1 never found one who approved of the operations of socalled prohibition. Speaking of the prohibition regime, one lady said that she had gone to a university, where she was astounded to find that tha students had a special bootlegger, who. supplied them with liquor." All were agreed that open dealing witflrin the law was better than prohibition and illicit dealing with bootleggers. Another lady had said that no doubt the trouble at the polls in New Zealand was that the people had not experienced the evils of prohibition, as had been the case in Canada. (Hear, hear.) Prohibition Corrupts Youth. "On every hand," said Mr. Wilford, "evidence was forthcoming that under prohibition drinking amongst young people had reached alarming proportions." A leading police officer told him that under prohibition the pocket flask brigade, or, as the police called it, "The Mickey on the Hip Brigade," had been a sorry sight. The people had been led to believe that when prohibition came the old boozers would die off, and that the younger generation would never know the taste of it. This police officer had said: "The exact opposite occurred. Young boys and girls got the habit of drinking, and the scenes at public socials and dances were indescribable," and had concluded by saying: "Everyone who had the welfare of the young people at heart should fight against prohibition, for it cannot be called temperance." (Applause.) The same story could be heard from coast to coast in Canada.

The speaker had asked Sir Henry Thornton, of the Canadian National Railway, what he thought of prohibition, and his reply had been that it was a sham and a delusion, and couid not be enforced, that no country having had prohibition and then State control would ever return to prohibition, and that the statement that prohibition would be beneficial to the young would only be accepted by people who had never experienced prohibition.

In the province of Quebec the fine concrete roads, costing 24,000 dollars per mile, had been made out of the profits derived under the Government control of liquor. Premier Taschereau had told the speaker that the system was working splendidly and had proved a real measure of temperance reform. Premier Taschereau led a house of 75 members in which the Opposition party only numbered nine, thus proving that the Government had the whole-hearted support of the people. Premier Baxter, of New Brunswick, had endorsed the opinions of the other Premiers. After experiencing prohibition he had felt that the only thing for a man of honour to do was to put into effect a law which, although not claimed to be perfect, could be observed. (Applause.) 1

So-called Prohibition in Action. "When I reached the Province of Nova Scotia," said Mr. Wilford, "I saw for the first tune what is called prohibition in action. He had interviewed Mr. Rhodes, the Premier, who, when Nova Scotia carried prohibition, sent for the prohibition leaders and asked them to name a chief inspector. They had named the •Rev. D. K. Grant, and when that gentleman had asked for two deputies the Government had given him eight, and backed this with the machinery for law enforcement "What have they done?" t? W ' lford - "I interviewed the Gr ? nt - th « «b"f enforcement official. He admitted he could not enforce prohibition. The coast line made it impossible. Their revenue cutters were too slow, and had no searchlights, and no guns except one Ross rifle. The fast speed liquor boats could not be caught." When asked what he intended to <S, he PH -1 he . had written to the Prime Minister asking aim to try to f° m British Government B m °™ f rt reVenue cntters and have them manned by ex-naval men, and also see that they were provided with proper «W ? ii aDd gmu ' 11,6 speaks W .ed. Will you get them from the British Government?" and the chief enofficer, after hesitating, had said, shrugging his shoulders, that he <Lighter.) The Rev. Grant had admitted that tremendous quantities sfcJTnlf We -£, 8 ° ld by the Government i!!!? 748 me dicine, and that Sily 8 gaV ® Prescriptions too , J eft the Rev. Grant," said Mr. WilS realising that he himself had but i«!i iff® T° f succe ssful enforcement. 1 ™ ad ! inquiries outside I understood why. In one street alone in Halifax every third house Bho P- That was admitted Grant" not denied h ? Mr - The speaker described how the fishinjr towns on the sea coast ran a large number of schooners in the liquor « aa schooner was built thev floated stock on th© share plan, half to the public and half to the promote**. »y the time there were a hundred or two schooners running there was a pretty tS&t*!** * interested people in the illicit liquor trade. . °rd related an amusing incident that occured just after he arrived at the principal hotel at Halifax. The bellboy had brought beer and whisky to the speaker's bedroom, and when H ** d not ordered « mnrt got the wrong number. (I***ktec.) old€r

the system of prohibition he had asked a policeman in the main street of Halifax where he could get a whisky. The officer told him to go to the Government vendor's store in Bedford Row. On Mr. Wilford asking was it not necessary to have a doctor's prescription the officer had smiled and told him just to mention his name, which he gave him. (Laughter.) "When I got into the building," said Mr. Wilford, " I found it to be a big store filled with liquor. There were seven men at the counter waiting their turn. They all got liquor, and I never saw one of them put down any prescription. When it came to my turn, I said, ' A flask of gin, please.' The man answered, ' One dollar seventy.* (Laughter.) I put down two dollars. He gave me thirty cents change and put a small square flask on the counter. He asked no questions. I waited and asked him to wrap it up. He said, ' Put it in your pocket.' I did (laughter), and brought it to New Zealand, paid 3/5 duty on it here, and have it now in my l>ossession unopened. A shipmate of mine, wlien I told him the story, lost no time in buying a bottle of whisky at the same place. (Laughter.) And they call that prohibition."

The speaker continued that right throughout Nova Scotia the bootlegger with his smuggled liquor, by evading Customs duties, was selling his illicit wares more cheaply than could be done under a legal system. Prohibition in Nova Scotia had failed to destroy the liquor traffic. It had effected no moral reform. It had not imposed abstinence on the people, nor had it stopped economic waste in any way. It was, in effect, hypocrisy masquerading as sincerity. Even the Rev. Grant had admitted to the speaker that a great deal of bootlegging was going on, that there were many stills, and that he had knowledge of a bootlegger selling liquor to boys and girls at school. This chief enforcement official, nominated by the prohibitionists, and himself a prohibitionist, had admitted that certain magistrates would not convict in liquor cases. He had said, " It is no use taking these cases before juries, because juries will not convict." Corporate Control a Solution. Mr. Wilford summed up his conclusions derived from his investigations in Canada as being— (1) That prohibition is not temperance. (2) That prohibition cannot be enforced, and that the only way to eliminate bootlegging is to give people who want liquor a system whereby they can obtain it within the law.

" I am satisfied," said Mr. VVilford, " that only education and the force of public opinion will make for a sober people. Comparison of the conditions of twenty years ago with those of to-day indicate that we are advancing rapidly to that stage when public contempt and disgust will end the abuse of liquor." The speaker concluded by saying that he did not claim that State Control was perfect nor the only solution. Corporate control with a business board and a preponderance of Government representation might prove a better system. Under that scheme the limitation of private profit and the distribution of all earnings over ten per cent to public purposes was an attractive proposal. There was no doubt that Corporate Control would make for better accommodation, better service, better liquor, and would lead to temperance. That proposal would certainly seem better suited to the conditions of New Zealand than complete State Control. The people, however, had left to them on the ballot paper a middle issue at the approaching poll, and they should use it to express their desire for better conditions. " Whatever is done," said Mr. Wilford, "at least I am convinced that this country will do harm to itself, and to its young people especially, if it ever carries prohibition." (Applaute.)