hoops. Similar effects have been observed in pole stands both here and at the lower elevations in the Cook's Horn Basin in two other winters in the past 20 years. Photo. 5. Pumice Gullying, Studholme's Saddle, 4,500ft. Danthonia flavescens on pumice soil. This area was considered to be the best grazing on the range prior to 1905. About that date it was heavily infested with rabbits and became the site of one of a chain of rabbiters' huts. Photo. 6. Frost Terrace Margin: Crest of range near Kaweka Trig, 5,500ft. The main vegetation is Dracophyllum recurvum, associated with Celmisia incana and a considerable number of smaller species of the same sprawling habit. The vegetation on the rock surface in the left foreground is a scree plant Parahebe spathulata which has been observed in the vicinity surviving on frost furrows. Pumice hummocks are visible in the Danthonia flavescens meadow in the background. Photo. 7. Black Birch Range. On the scarp of the Kaweka Fault (foreground) burnt logs occur up to 4,500ft, and clumps of trees survive in the gullies. Littles Clearing (Danthonia rigida bog) is prominent (upper left) on the flat top of the Black Birch Range, the near slope of the clearing now dominated by Leptospermum scrub was 30 years ago Celmisia meadow, presumably induced by a combination of fire and grazing. The belt of forest visible is Nothofagus cliffortioides on the crest and N. fusca on the slopes, mainly unaffected by fire. A relic of heavy podocarp forest, Balls Clearing (2,000ft) is visible in the background immediately behind Littles Clearing (3,600ft). Photo. 8. Ngaawapurua (3,500ft). Danthonia rigida tussock, heavily burned to left of stream, forest margin of Nothofagus cliffortioides affected by burning and showing marked browse line, exception at right where it has apparently been protected from fire by stream. Here Danthonia-Aristotelia fruticosa along stream merges into Dracophyllum subulatum-Dacrydium bidwillii scrub and this to Phyllocladus alpinus hedge along forest margin. Nothofagus menziesii is frequent to dominant behind the outer margin. N. fusca is absent. References Bagnall, A. G. and Pedersen, G. C., 1948. William Colenso, p. 311. Balfour, D. P., 1873-89. Mangawhare and Glenross Station Diaries, MSS., Napier Museum. Bousefield, —, 1852. Department of Lands and Survey, Napier (A copy of a tracing supplied by Mr. J. G. Wilson and so titled is in the Napier Survey Office; but the Chief Surveyor, Mr. A. J. Wattie, is positive that this title is in error.). Elder, N. L., 1939. Glaucous Hebe of the Inland Patea Trans. R. S. N. Z., 69 373–377. —1940. Nothofagus Regeneration in the Kaweka Range N. Z. J. of Forestry, Vol. 4, 324–327. Kingma, J. T., 1957. The Geology of the Kohurau Fault Block, Central Hawke's Bay. N. Z. J. Sci. Tech., B. 38: 342–353. Pohlen, I. J., and others, 1947 Soils and Some Related Agricultural Aspects of mid-Hawke's Bay. D. S. I. R. Bulletin No. 94. Ward, R. Gerard, 1956. Maori Settlement in the Taupo Country. J. Polynesian Soc., 65 (1): 41–44. Zotov, V. D. et al., 1938. An Outline of the Vegetation and Flora of the Tararua Mountains. Trans. R. S. N. Z., 68: 259–324. —1940. Certain Types of Soil Erosion. N. Z. J. Sci. Tech., B 21: 256–262. N. L. Elder, 43 McHardy Street, Havelock North.