On the adjacent cliffs Dodonaea viscosa, Hebe parviflora (the prostrate rupestral form), Rubus squarrosus, Angelica rosaefolia and a tomentose Senecio (intermediate between S. banksii and S. colensoi) form a distinct community. Though 30 miles inland and separated from the coastal hills by the Heretaunga Plain, these communities have a distinct affinity with coastal forest. A similar community a mile downstream may be mentioned, though being on the Ruahine bank it is outside the area. This has the same components with the addition of Sophora tetraptera and Macropiper excelsum, also colonies of Hebe colensoi (the Taruarau form) and Myosotis eximia.. Taruarau Bridge. On cliffs in the vicinity of the bridge a colony occurs of the most widely distributed form of the glaucous Hebe colensoi.. Kuripapango. A toothed form of Hebe colensoi with a limited distribution occurs on the Ngaruroro River cliffs in the vicinity of the bridge. Tutaekuri-Donald Confluence. Helichrysum depressum, of which there is only one previous North Island record, forms an extensive colony on river shingle. Acknowledgments It would be impossible to list all those to whom I am indebted for assistance and information in connection with the Kaweka Range over a period of more than thirty years. The late Mr. Frank Hutchison of Rissington introduced me to part of the country and some of its problems in 1924; the activities of the Tararua and later of the Heretaunga tramping clubs made possible a large number of field trips; Mr. Lester Masters and Mr. E. J. W. Hallett have been generous with assistance in piecing together the scraps of information that comprise the history of European occupation. More recently in company with Mr. D. S. Jackson, of the New Zealand Forest Service, I have investigated several critical areas, and I am particularly beholden to him for his grasp of the problems involved I am likewise indebted to Mr. Peter Logan, formerly of the Wild Life Division and acquainted with the area, for his assistance in interpreting deer-vegetation relationships. Dr. J. T. Kingma, of the Geological Survey, has been generous with his assistance in elucidating the structure of the area, and I wish to thank Mr. O. M. Pearson, of the New Zealand Forest Service, for the trouble he has taken over the accompanying maps. Notes on Photographs Photo. 1. Mohaka Valley: From Mangatainoka confluence upstream showing part of the Leptospermum scrub pattern in main valley which is presumed to be a pre-European fire pattern. The scarp (high right) leads to Te Matai (4,085ft), and the face of the scarp has been stocked from Lochinver station. The upper forest here is dominated by Nothofagus menziesii, the lower forest by N. fusca with pockets of podocarps. On the Kaweka (left hand) side N. menziesii and podocarps are limited to the river terraces of the Mangatainoka valley. Over-mature N. fusca forest mentioned in the text appears on the extreme left. Photo. 2. Ngaruroro Valley: Looking upstream (north) to Manson country. Apart from centre of forest gully in right foreground practically the whole area visible has been affected by fire in European times. The spurs in the centre of the photograph are in the area gazetted State Forest No. 23 in 1900, probably then a matai relic. Photo. 3. Cook's Horn Basin: Burnt logs were visible across these upper slopes as recently as 1930 and on the bare spur at extreme right. The scree (right) is still in running shingle for the top 700ft, but about 100 yards of stabilized fragments at the foot have been colonized by celmisia, now reverting to scrub. The rock faces in the centre are unstable and subject to frost action, delivering large quantities of rock fragments to the watercourse. Vegetation is beginning to appear on the left-hand scree. Beyond this two channels 6–12ft deep in pumice soil are possibly developing into fresh screes. Photo. 4. Snow Break: Kiwi Saddle, 3,870ft. After a heavy snowstorm in July, 1956, several acres of regenerated mountain beech (70 years old) were affected by snow break, most trees being snapped off below the crowns, a considerable number uprooted or bent into