1931) has shown that throughout the world, except the Austral-New Zealand region, Aturia last appeared in the Middle Miocene, and some doubt may therefore arise as to whether the Tongaporutuan is really Upper Miocene. As noted later, the larger Foraminifera offer strong grounds for correlating the Hutchinsonian with the Lower Miocene, while there are indications that the Waitakian is Aquitanian. If, then, the Tongaporutuan were taken as Mid-Miocene, the Awamoan would have to be included with the Hutchinsonian in the Lower Miocene because of important lineage differences from the Tongaporutuan. On the other hand, because of its strong specific resemblances, the Urenuian must be included with the Tongaporutuan—if in the Middle Miocene, then the Upper Miocene receives the Opoitian. This seems to be rather crowding the Lower Miocene at the expense of the Upper, and a better balance is preserved by regarding—as the writers do here—the Tongaporutuan (and the Urenuian) as Upper Miocene, the Awamoan as Middle Miocene, and the Hutchinsonian as Lower Miocene. The greater probability then appears to be that Aturia lasted in New Zealand until Upper Miocene, a probability all the more strengthened by Chapman's record of the genus from the Australian Kalimnan (Lower Pliocene) (Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict., vol. 34, pt. 1, 1921). A range to the Upper Miocene in Java has just recently been recorded by J. W. Durham (1940, Journ. Pal., p. 160). (g) Urenuian. Many important lineages undoubtedly show close specific agreement with the Tongaporutuan, so that there is some justification for those who have favoured uniting the two in one Taranakian stage. Nevertheless, the important genera Pelicaria, Heligmope, Ellicea, and Waitara appear for the first time in the Urenuian—quite an imposing array considering their wide distribution in New Zealand and the small fauna known from this stage. The Turrid genus Waitara Marwick apparently has a very short range in New Zealand, appearing in the Urenuian and not lasting beyond Opoitian, thus being restricted here to Upper Miocene–Lowest Pliocene (the species generosa Marwick must be neglected, as its horizon is quite uncertain). The range of Waitara elsewhere is not known, but should be investigated; rather similar shells are the Recent and Upper Tertiary Thatcheria Angas from Japan, and a form from the Lower Miocene of the Dutch East Indies described as Cyptoconus carinatus Martin (1933, p. 18). The Janthinid genus Heligmope Tate was also common from Urenuian to Waitotaran time, and has been the subject of a paper (Finlay, 1931, p. 1) suggesting a possible correlation with Australia, since this pelagic genus also occurs in the Kalimnan there. The Struthiolarid group Pelicaria Gray has its inception here in the Urenuian, while the earliest Australian member seems to be P. marwicki Fin. (Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. 62, p. 17, 1931), from the Abattoirs Bore beds of South Australia, whose age is still debated, but is probably Upper Miocene or Lower Pliocene.