panga tupapaku. Ina aua ahuatanga: (a) Ko Te Tuku i aua Panga Tupapaku he Tangata ke i runga ano i te whakaae a te hunga mo ratou aua panga. Ki te whakaae te hunga mo ratou ra nga paanga o totahi tupapa ku kia tukua te paanga o tetahi kairiiwhi nga paanga ranei o etahi kairiiwhi he tangata ke e ahei ana Te Kooti ki te whakatau i taua tuku. (b) Ko nga whakatikatika a whanau me era atu ahuatanga i runga i te whakaae, kore whakaae ranei. E ahei ana te Kooti Whenua Maori ki te whakatau i te tuku o nga paanga o tetahi kairiiwhi mona nga paanga tupapaku he tangata ke whai paanga ano kei taua whenua i roto ra taua tupapaku, a mehemea ki te whakaaro o te Kooti koia ra te huarahi tika ka whakataua taua tuku ahakoa takoto te kupu whakahe ki tona aroaro. Ko te hiahia ia o te Kooti me ata korerorero marika nga whanaunga tata o te tupapaku mo nga mahi kairiiwhitanga i ona paanga whenua, a i runga i tenei ahuatanga kei te whakapau nga kairehita o te Kooti i o ratou kaha ki te whakamarama ki taua hunga i nga huarahi hei whakamama i nga mahi. He apiha motuhake to te Kooti koianei tana mahi he whakamarama ki te hunga e tono ana kia kairiiwhitia nga paanga tupapaku, i nga huarahi e tau pai ai aua paanga. Otira ahakoa peheatia ko te nuinga o nga paanga tupapaku ina noa ake te wariu a kaore rawa e tu te po te hui rawa o te hunga mo ratou aua panga a na reira ko “Te Ture Tekau Pauna” hei whakamahinga ma te Kooti. (c) Ko Te Ture Takau Pauna. E ahei ana te Kooti ki te tuku i te paanga o tetahi tupapaku ki te tangata kotahi tokorua ranei, mahue ake etahi o te hunga mo ratou te paanga o taua tupapaku ahakoa kaore taua hunga i whakaae kia peratia, mehemea kei raro iho i te tekau pauna te wariu o te hea mo ia kairiiwhi i mahue ra ki waho, a mehemea hoki kaore i neke atu i te tekau pauna te wariu o te hea mo ia kairiiwhi e whakaurua. E ahei ana hoki te Kooti ki te tuku i tetahi paanga tekau pauna heke iho te wariu ki te tangata ke kotahi kei roto ano i taua whenua, mehemea i neke atu i te kotahi te hunga e tika ana mo ratou taua panga tupapaku ahakoa whakahe taua hunga, a kaore he utu mo taua kairiiwhitanga. Otira kaore tenei ture e pa ki nga whenua rahui. Kotahi ano te uauatanga o te whakamana i te Ture Tekau pauna nei. Ka rongo te hunga i mahue ra ki waho i te taitara kua oti te tono kairiiwhi te whakatau. Kaore ratou e whakapae ki te Kooti engari ki te mea o ratou nana te take i kawe ki te aroaro o taua Kooti, nona te he i murua ai o ratou whenua. Kaore tenei i te tika, he mana tenei i whakamaua ki te ringa o te Kooti. Na runga i tenei whakapae a nga mea ngaro ke ka koroukore nga mea kei te patata ki te whenua ki te kawe i nga take penei ki te aroaro o te Kooti. Na reira ko te whakaaaro o te Kooti When succession orders are made today valuations are always provided for the Court's information. In many cases, the conversion fund is used and consolidated orders made as described in my last article. Even where the conversion fund is not used, many useful techniques exist to improve titles when handing Maori land over to successors. These techniques are: (a) Vesting of Beneficiary's Shares in other persons with Consent: The Court may with the consent of a beneficiary vest the whole or part of the share of that beneficiary in any other person or persons. (b) Family and Other Arrangements with or without consent: The Court may give effect to an arrangement or agreement whereby the share of any beneficiary is to be given to any other person who has a beneficial interest in any land in which the deceased was an owner, and—if the Court is satisfied that any projected arrangement is fair and equitable and not contrary to the interests of the persons concerned—it may give effect to it notwithstanding that any of those persons has not consented or even if any of them objects. The Court prefers adjusted successions of this sort to be by family agreement and to an increasing degree the Registrars are arming applicants for succession with all the information required to enable a family arrangement to be made. The Court also makes an officer available to advise and assist owners or beneficiaries towards this purpose. Unfortunately in a great many cases the interests are so small that the expense to owners of gathering scattered members of a family together is not warranted, and it was for this reason primarily that the £10 rule became law, and is invoked by the Court. (c) The “£10 Rule”: The Court may vest the whole of the interest of a deceased person in any one or more beneficiaries to the exclusion of any other beneficiary without the consent of the person(s) so excluded and without payment, provided that no beneficiary shall be excluded if the value of the share to which he is entitled exceeds £10, and provided that the share of any of the persons benefiting is not thereby increased by more than £10. The Court may also vest any interest of £10 or less to which more than one person is entitled to succeed, in any other persons beneficially interested in the land without the consent of the persons excluded and without payment. None of these provisions, however, applies to reserved lands. One difficulty that the writer has encountered in giving effect to the £10 rule is that the Court is able to explain its authority for this, and the reason for it, only to the person or persons who actually attend in Court. Often when the “excluded” beneficiaries hear of what has happened they do not understand it and consider that they have been “disinherited” for no good reason. In many cases they blame the person prosecuting the application for what has happened, whereas in