The Decapod Crustacea of the Royal Society Expedition to Southern Chile, 1958-59*

Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand : Zoology, Volume 8, Issue 16, 16 February 1967, Page 169

The Decapod Crustacea of the Royal Society Expedition to Southern Chile, 1958-59*

John S. Garth

Janet Haig,

J. C. Yaldwyn,

By

and

Allan Hancock Foundation

and

Australian Museum

[Received by the Editor, 30 December 1965.]

Abstract The Royal Society Expedition to Southern Chile 1958-59 collected 23 species of marine decapod Crustacea in the general areas of Isla Ghiloe (42° S.), Puerto Eden on Isla Wellington (49° S.), and Isla Navarino (55° S.). Included are two species of Macrura, seven species of Anomura, and 14 species of Brachyura. The 14 species from Ghiloe are reported for the first time from the outer coast of that island. Protan drous hermaphroditism is recorded in the macruran genus Chorismus. The phenomena accompanying latitudinal change are discussed.

Introduction During the period from October, 1958, to February, 1959, an expedition sponsored by the Royal Society of London made a survey of southern Chile. Although the Expedition’s work was largely ecological, numerous biological specimens were collected including the decapod Crustacea which are the subject of the present report. Specimens from Isla Ghiloe, one of the three principal areas visited, proved to be of particular interest; the three anomuran and 11 brachyuran species obtained there are reported for the first time from the outer coast of the island. The Expedition’s work was also concentrated at Puerto Eden on Isla Wellington, and at Isla Navarino near Gape Horn.

Only two of the 10 species of intertidal and sublittoral natants recorded from the coasts of Chile were taken by the Royal Society Expedition. Neither represented extensions to a species range, but in the case of the single species taken in the Fuegian region, the Magellanic and circum-Antarctic Chorismus antarcticus, the collections clearly demonstrated that this hippolytid is a protandrous hermaphrodite.

This somewhat unexpected discovery underlines the importance of even small, but well-documented, collections from poorly-known areas. A preliminary announcement of this interesting record was made by Yaldwyn (1966).

Along the extensive littoral of southern Chile that stretches in a north-south direction through 13 degrees of latitude (from 42° to 55° S.) and for 780 nautical miles from Isla Chiloe to Isla Navarino, a number of changes take place that are reflected in the composition of the decapod fauna. One of these, the abundance of species as a concomitant of latitude, was sufficiently marked to have been noted in the field by Royal Society Expedition personnel and remarked upon in the Short Account of the Expedition with which each recipient of expedition material was provided:

“Crabs and Porcellanidae are very abundant [at Isla Chiloe, 42° S. Lat.], there being at least 6 species [actually three species] of the latter group and 10 [actually 11] of the former. Among the most interesting are the commensal Pinnotherids, a large species, up to 1 2 inches in diameter being common in the cloaca of the common sea-urchin, and another in a large Holothurian, probably Encyclus chilensis. This Holothurian, which reaches over a foot in length is abundant in low tidal pools and crevices low down on the shore, and in the sub-littoral. A good series of the crab in this Holothurian, previously known only from 4 specimens, has been collected.

“. . . When compared with the coasts of Chiloe one of the salient features of the southern region is the reduction which has occurred in the number of species present, e.g., at Chepu on the west coast of Chiloe Brachyura [and Anomura] (numbering about 15 species) were a conspicuous feature of the intertidal zone, whereas in the south [e.g., at Isla Navarino, Fuegia] only two species were found of which only a species of Hymenosoma was abundant.”

The occurrence of an increasingly larger number of species (but fewer individuals of a given species) as the collector proceeds from the poles towards the equator is thus substantiated by the experience of Royal Society Expedition collectors. Less evident to them, but apparent in the laboratory once measurements are taken, is a dine in size of individuals of species ranging throughout this expanse of coastline, with the largest individuals occurring in the higher latitudes. This is best demonstrated by Halicarcinus planatus, and by ovigerous females, which show a corresponding increase in size at sexual maturity. Also occurring throughout this extensive range, Acanthocyclus albatrossis shows similar correlation with latitude in absolute size, although ovigerous females are lacking from Isla Chiloe with which to compare those from more southerly localities.

A third phenomenon that undoubtedly occurs is that of equatorial submergence, in which the same species, following a temperature gradient, is found at successively lower tidal levels as one approaches the tropics. Its counterpart, polar emergence, would be expected of such species as Halicarcinus planatus and Acanthocyclus albatrossis in the Fuegian region; however, the referral of their habitats to biotic zones, such as Chthamalus zone ”, “ Lessonia zone ”, or “ Durvillea zone ”, which in themselves may show vertical displacement with latitude, rather than to absolute tidal measurements, tends to obscure this relationship for Royal Society Expedition specimens (cf. Garth, 1957, p. 111).

While as a matter of convenience and uniformity of treatment this report appears under joint authorship, it should be understood that each author is responsible for that portion dealing with his specialty; J. C. Yaldwyn for the macrurans, Janet Haig for the anomurans (excluding the Aeglidae, to be the subject of a separate report by Nibaldo Bahamonde N., and John S. Garth for the brachyurans. Since each of these sections of the Decapoda of Chile has been the subject of a recent comprehensive review, the Macrura by Holthuis (1952), the Anomura by Haig (1955), and the Brachyura by Garth (1957), reference is made to these reports for the comp ete synonymy of each species. The single measurement given for specimens in all three sections is length of carapace.

Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to Professor G. A. Knox and the Royal Society Expedition to southern Chile 1958-59 for the opportunity to study and report on this collection.

Stations at Which Decapoda Were Collected

Isla Chiloe and vicinity

Sta. 3. Punta Gaviota, S. side of Stack Rocks, S. of Rio Chepu; 42° 03' 50" S., 74° 02' 50" W.; intertidal volcanic rocks, very exposed; hand collecting. Petrolisthes laevigatus, Allopetrolisthes angulosus, Taliepus dentatus, Acanthocyclus gayi, A. albatrossis, Gaudichaudia gaudichaudii, Homalaspis plana.

Sta. 4. Punta Gaviota, intertidal boulder beach N. side of Stack Rocks, S. of Rio Chepu; 42° 03' 50" S., 74° 02' 50" W.; hand collecting. Allopetrolisthes angulosus, Taliepus dentatus, Pisoides edwardsii, Halicarcinus planatus, Pinnaxodes chilensis, P. silvestrii.

Sta. 7. Punta Pulga; 42° 06' 00" S., 74° 02' 55" W.; intertidal sandstone platform with pools and loose rock, exposed; hand collecting. Petrolisthes tuberculosus, Allopetrolisthes angulosus, Taliepus dentatus, Pisoides edwardsii, Acanthocyclus gayi, Cancel polyodon, Gaudichaudia gaudichaudii, Homalaspis plana, Pinnaxodes silvestrii.

Sta. 8. Punta Pulga, S. end of Shelly Beach; 42° 06' 00" S., 74° 02' 55" W.; intertidal schist rocks, very exposed; hand collecting. Taliepus dentatus, Acanthocyclus gayi.

Sta. 13. Rio Chepu, intertidal estuarine rocks and loose boulders about 250 yards from the river mouth; 42° 03' 25" S., 74° 02' 50" W.; hand collecting. Hemigrapsus crenulatus.

Sta. 14. Punta Choros, from the mouth of Rio Chepu to a point 500 metres south; 42° 03' 25" S., 74° 02' 50" W.; intertidal schist rocks; hand collecting. Hemigrapsus crenulatus.

Sta. 15. Estero Castro, N. of Castro; 42° 26' 50" S, 74° 45' 50" W.; intertidal shingle beach with sand and mud, very sheltered; hand collecting. Acanthocyclus albatrossis, Hemigrapsus crenulatus.

Sta, 16. Punta Aguantao (mainland N. of Isla Chiloe) ; 40° 32' 50" S., 73° 34' 50" W.; intertidal sandstone platform and boulder beach, sheltered; hand collecting. Acanthocyclus albatrossis.

Sta. 17. Rilan (mainland N. of Isla Chiloe); 40° 32' 40" S., 73° intertidal sandstone platform, sheltered; hand collecting. Petrolisthes laevigatus, Acanthocyclus albatrossis, Hemigrapsus crenulatus.

Isla Wellington

Sta. 19. Puerto Eden, point to the N. of the FACh base; 49° 08' 20" S., 74° 26' 55" W.; intertidal granitic gneiss rocks, sheltered; from Macrocystis fronds and holdfasts and sublittoral collection by diving. Acanthocyclus albatrossis.

Sta. 21. Puerto Eden, opposite house; 49° 08' 30" S., 74° 26' 52" W.; 16-18 m, grey sand; dredge. Eurypodius latreillei, Pinnixa valdiviensis.

Sta. 22. Puerto Eden, off mouth of the river to the S. of the FACh base; 49° 08' 48" S., 74° 26' 48" W.; 6-Bm, grey sand with small stones; dredge. Pinnixa valdiviensis.

Sta. 23. Puerto Eden; 48° 08' 50" S., 74° 26' 40" W.; 15-18 m, hard grey sand with small stones; dredge. Pinnixa valdiviensis. Sta. 24. Puerto Eden; 49° 08' 41" S., 74° 26' 48" W.; 10-12 m, grey sand; dredge. Pinnixa valdiviensis. Sta. 25. Puerto Eden; 49° 08' 34" S., 74° 26' 54" W.; 6-7 m, grey sand with rocks and shell; dredge. Austropandalus grayi, Lithodes antarcticus, Pagurus forceps, Munida subrugosa, Eurypodius latreillei. Sta. 27. Isla Carlos, Puerto Eden; 49° 09' 35" S., 74° 25' 24" W.; from Macrocystis fronds and holdfasts. Halicarcinus planatus, Acanthocyclus albatrossis. Sta. 28. Isla Eva, Puerto Eden; 49° 08' 49" S., 74° 24' 20" W.; intertidal granitic rocks, semi-exposed; hand collecting. Acanthocyclus albatrossis. Sta. 30. Puerto Eden, small bay to the N. of the FAGh base; 49° 08' 24" S., 74° 27' 00" W.; 8-10 m, sandy mud with stones and shell; dredge. Pinnixa valdiviensis. Sta. 31. Puerto Eden; 49° 08' 20" S., 74° 27' 04" W.; 4-sm, sandy mud; dredge. Peltarion spinosulum. Sta. 33. Puerto Eden, bay on the S. side of the peninsula facing the house; 49° 09' 28" S., 74° 26' 06" W.; 11-12 m, sandy mud with Mytilus shell; dredge. Austropandalus grayi, Lithodes antarcticus, Pagurus forceps, Eurypodius latreillei, Peltarion spinosulum. Sta. 34. Puerto Eden, between peninsula and house; 49° 08' 29" S., 74° 26' 40" W.; 32m, hard grey sand; dredge. Pinnixa valdiviensis. Sta. 37. Puerto Eden, entrance to Galeta Lackawana; 49° 10' 32" S., 74° 25' 52" W.; 18m, sand, rock, shell; dredge. Pinnixa valdiviensis. Sta. 39. Puerto Eden, N. of Galeta Lackawana, W. side of Canal Sur; 49° 09' 52" S., 74° 26' 08" W.; intertidal boulder beach; hand collecting and collection from Macrocystis fronds and holdfasts. Halicarcinus planatus, Acanthocyclus albatrossis. Sta. 40. Isla Dulce and Isla Levinson, Puerto Eden; 49° 09' 02" S., 74° 25' 10" W.; intertidal and sublittoral granitic gneiss rocks; hand collecting. Acanthocyclus albatrossis. Sta. 41. Puerto Eden; 49° 07' 50" S., 74° 26' 03" W.; 12m, sandy mud; dredge. Peltarion spinosulum. Sta. 42. Puerto Eden; 49° 08' 08" S., 74° 26' 35" W.; 14-18 m, grey sand; dredge. Munida subrugosa. Sta. 45. Isla Harewood, Puerto Eden; 49° 07' 35" S., 74° 24' 30" W.; intertidal granitic gneiss rocks; hand collecting. Acanthocyclus albatrossis. Between Isla Wellington and Isla Navarino Sta. 47. Small island in the channel between E. side of Isla Guarello and Isla Madre de Dios; 50° 25' S., 75° 20' W.; intertidal limestone rocks; hand collecting. Halicarcinus planatus. Sta. 48. Leckeys Retreat, Isla Piazzi; 51° 43' 13" S., 72° 52' W.; intertidal basaltic rock; hand collecting. Halicarcinus planatus. Sta. 49. Bahia Munoz Gamero; 52° 20' S., 73° 32' W.; intertidal basaltic rock; hand collecting and collection from Macrocystis holdfasts. Eurypodius latreillei, Halicarcinus planatus, Acanthocyclus albatrossis. Isla Navarino and vicinity Sta. 50. Puerto Williams, Isla Navarino, opposite house; 54° 55' 40" S., 67° 39' W.; intertidal boulder beach; hand collecting. Eurypodius latreillei, Halicarcinus planatus.

Sta. 51. Puerto Williams, 3 miles E. of settlement; 54° 55' 30" S., 67° 34' 30" W.; intertidal argellite rock; hand collecting and collection from Macrocystis fronds and holdfasts. Paralomis granulosa, Eurypodius latreillei, Halicarcinus planatus. Sta. 52. W. side of Puerto Robalo, Isla Navarino; 54° 55' 50" S., 67° 41' 40" W.; intertidal argellite rock; hand collecting and collection from Macrocystis fronds and holdfasts. Halicarcinus planatus. Sta. 54. Puerto Grandi, Isla Bertrand; 55° 12' S., 67° 55' 30" W.; boulder beach; intertidal hand collecting. Halicarcinus planatus, Acanthocyclus alhatrossis. Sta. 57. Caleta San Martin, Isla Hermite; 55° 51' S., 67° 32' W.; intertidal granitic rock; hand collecting. Halicarcinus planatus. Sta. 59. Puerto Toro, Isla Navarino; 55° 4' S., 67° 4' W.; intertidal granitic rocks; hand collecting. Pagurus forceps, Halicarcinus planatus, Acanthocyclus alhatrossis. Sta. 64. Puerto Williams; 54° 55' 20" S., 67° 55' 35" W.; 7-Bm, sandy mud among Macrocystis. Chorismus antarcticus, Eurypodius latreillei. Sta. 65. Puerto Williams; 54° 55' 30" S., 67° 36' 50" W.; 6-10 m, grey mud; dredge. Peltarion spinosulum. Sta. 66. Puerto Williams; 54° 55' 35" S., 67° 36' 50" W.; 2-4 m, grey mud with boulders; dredge. Chorismus antarcticus, Eurypodius latreillei. Sta. 68. Puerto Williams; 54° 55' 40" S., 67° 36' 50" W.; 0-sm; collection by diving. Eurypodius latreillei, Halicarcinus planatus, Peltarion spinosulum. Sta. 73. Seno Grandi, small island opposite Puerto Grandi; 55° 15' S., 67° 56' W.; collection from Macrocystis fronds and holdfasts. Chorismus antarcticus, Halicarcinus planatus. Sta. 74. Seno Grandi, peninsula on Isla Navarino opposite Puerto Grandi; 55° 11' 20" S., 67° 56' W.; from Macrocystis fronds and holdfasts. Chorismus antarcticus, Pagurus forceps, Halicarcinus planatus. Sta. 75. Seno Grandi, point on Isla Navarino E. of Rio Grande; 55° 11' 20" S., 67° 52' 30" W.; intertidal volcanic rocks, sheltered; hand collecting. Eurypodius latreillei, Halicarcinus planatus, Acanthocyclus alhatrossis. Sta. 77. Puerto Grandi, Isla Bertrand, to the W. of the wharf; 55° 12' S., 67° 55' 30" W.; intertidal granitic rocks and boulder beach, semi-sheltered; hand collecting and collection by diving among Macrocystis. Pagurus forceps, Halicarcinus planatus, Acanthocyclus alhatrossis.

Systematic Account MACRURA Family PANDALIDAE Austropandalus grayi (Cunningham) Hippolyte grayi Cunningham, 1871, p. 496, PI. 59, fig. 8. Austropandalus grayi, Holthuis, 1952, p. 16, text-figs. 3-4 (synonymy;. Localities : Sta. 25, Puerto Eden, Isla Wellington, 19.xii.1958, 1 $ ovig. Sta. 33, Puerto Eden, 17.xii.1958, 1 ? ovig. Measurements: Ovigerous females, 7 to B.smm (carapace length).

Range; Firmly recorded from Calbuco, Llanquihue, southern Chile to Isla Wollaston off southern Tierra del Fuego. Records from northern Chile and from near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, are discussed by Holthuis (1952). Recorded depths 5 to 225 metres (3 to 124 fathoms).

Remarks : The lack of exopods on the third maxillipeds, the presence of arthrobranchs and epipods on the first four pereiopods, the presence of dorsal immovable teeth on the rostrum, and the truncate posterior lobe of the scaphognathite place these pandalids in the genus Austropandalus Holthuis. Expressing the number of dorsal teeth on the carapace behind the orbit first in parenthesis, followed by the number of dorsal rostral teeth, then with the number of ventral teeth to the right of the stroke, both specimens have a rostral formula of (3)-)-4/4, and the extensive unarmed portion of the dorsal rostral margin between the small subapical tooth and the next rostral tooth so characteristic of this species (see Holthuis, 1952, fig. 3). The systematic position of Austropandalus is discussed by Yaldwyn (1960, p, 28) in connection with the related southern genus Notopandalus. Both are monotypic, the latter consisting of N. magnoculus (Bate) from the New Zealand shelf and continental slope.

Family HIPPOLYTIDAE Chorismus antarcticus (Pfeffer) Hippolyte antarctica Pfeffer, 1887, p. 51, PI. 1, figs. 22-27. Chorismus antarcticus, Holthuis, 1952, p. 59 (synonymy). Localities : Sta. 64, Puerto Williams, Isla Navarino, 214.1959, 2 $ . Sta. 66, Puerto Williams, 224.1959, 4s, 3 intersex, ss. Sta. 73, Seno Grandi, Isla Navarino, 54i.1959, 1 $ . Sta. 74, Seno Grandi, 1959, 1 $ , Measurements: Males, 6.5 to 10mm; intersex, 10 to 10.5 mm; females, 11 to 13mm (carapace length). Range: Puerto Bueno, Canal Smith, southern Chile, through Strait of Magellan and Antarctic circumpolar (see Holthuis, 1947, p. 13; Yaldwyn, 1965). Recorded depths 0 to 900 metres (0 to 492 fathoms). Remarks The lack of arthrobranchs and supraorbital spines, the presence of an incisor process and a three-segmented palp on the mandible, as well as the 10- to 12-segmented carpus of the second pereiopods, identify these hippolytids with the genus Chorismus. The rostral formulae of the 16 specimens varied within the limits (1-2)-j-3—5/5-7, but the characteristic rostral shape (relatively short and broad with reasonably evenly spaced dorsal teeth) and profile of the third abdominal segment (pronounced bend but no dorsal tubercle) confirm their identification as the Magellanic and Antarctic C. antarcticus. In the specimens from Sta. 64 the body was “olive brown with blue spots”. One female specimen, with a carapace length of 13mm, had a large parasitic isopod within the right branchial chamber. Protandrous hermaphroditism in Chorismus antarcticus: An examination of the Sta. 66 sample clearly establishes that C. antarcticus is a protandrous hermaphrodite. There are four males with carapace lengths e ween 6.5 and 10mm. These have a relatively large appendix masculina on the

second pleopod (subequal to the appendix interna in the smaller specimens but much shorter in the larger) with several slender, terminal spines, and functional male genital openings on the bases of the fifth pereiopods. The three intersex specimens, with carapace lengths of 10 and 10.5 mm, have a very small to vestigial appendix masculina, but no genital openings on the fifth pereiopods. The five females, with carapace lengths of 12 to 13mm, have no trace of an appendix masculina, and, though not ovigerous, have deeper abdominal pleura than those of the males.

The same sequence of changes is described in detail by Yaldwyn (1960, pp. 24-26) when the Australasian, archibenthal slope species Campylonotus rathbunae Schmitt was shown to be a protandrous hermaphrodite. This record was the first for the family Campylonotidae, though the phenomenon is well known in the nothern commercial pandalids and has been recorded in the hippolytid genus Lysmata. Thus Chorismus is the second hippolytid genus in which protandry has been recognised. (For summary of sex reversal in Decapoda see Carlisle, 1959, p. 494.)

ANOMURA Family LITHODIDAE Lithodes antarcticus Jacquinot Lithodes antarctica Jacquinot, 184-, PI. 7; PI. 8, figs. 9—14. Lithodes antarcticus, Haig, 1955, p. 13 (synonymy). Localities : Sta. 25, Puerto Eden, Isla Wellington, 19.xii.1958, 1 $ . Sta. 33, Puerto Eden, 17.xii.1958, 1 juv. Measurements: Male, 60.8 mm; juvenile, 20.6 mm. Range: N. end of Isla Chiloe southward, around southern end of South America and through the Strait of Magellan to Tierra del Fuego. Shore to 150 metres (82 fathoms). Remarks: These olive green or rose-coloured crabs were dredged between 6 and 12 metres. Paralomis granulosa (Jacquinot) Lithodes granulosa Jacquinot, 184-, PI. 8, figs. 15-21. Paralomis granulosa, Haig, 1955, p. 14 (synonymy). Locality : Sta. 51, Puerto Williams, Isla Navarino, 25-i. 1959, 1 $ . Measurements: Male, 65.0 mm. Range: Paso Tenaun (E. coast of Isla Chiloe) southward, around southern end of South America and through the Strait of Magellan to Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands. Shore to 100 metres (55 fathoms). Remarks : The single specimen of this species was collected intertidally in the Lessonia zone. It was reddish purple mottled with white, and with tips of legs and claws black.

Family PAGURIDAE Pagurus forceps H. Milne Edwards Pagurus forceps H. Milne Edwards, 1836, p. 272, PI. 13, fig. 5. Pagurus forceps, Haig, 1955, p. 19 (synonymy). Localities : Sta. 25, Puerto Eden, Isla Wellington, 19.xii.1958, 1 $. Sta. 33, Puerto Eden, 17.xii.1958, 3 4, 3 9. Sta. 59, Puerto Toro, Isla Navarino, 14.1.1959, 1 4. Sta. 74, Seno Grandi, Isla Navarino, 5.ii.1959, 2 9. Sta. 77, Puerto Grandi, Isla Bertrand, 7.ii.1959, 1 4 . Measurements: Males, 9.8 to 12.2 mm; females, 5.8 to 7.7 mm. Range: Coquimbo southward, through the Strait of Magellan and around the southern end of South America to Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands. Shore to 320 metres (175 fathoms). Remarks: The specimens were collected intertidally, by diving among Macrocystis, and by dredge in depths between 6 and 12 metres. A male and a female from Sta. 33 were parasitised by Peltogaster. Family GALATHEIDAE Munida subrugosa (White) Galathea subrugosa White, 1847, p. 66. Munida subrugosa, Haig, 1955, p. 38, text-fig. 10 (synonymy). Localities : Sta. 25, Puerto Eden, Isla Wellington, 19.xii.1958, 1 9 . Sta. 42, Puerto Eden, 16.xii.1958, 1 9 ovig. Measurements: Non-ovigerous female, 16.5 mm; ovigerous female, 22.1 mm. Range: Seno de Reloncavi southward, through the Strait of Magellan and around the southern end of South America, and northward on the Atlantic coast to Montevideo, Uruguay; Falkland Islands; also New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, and south of Australia. Shore to about 1,095 metres (600 fathoms). Remarks: The two specimens were dredged between 6 and 18 metres on sand bottoms. The ovigerous female from Sta. 42 was infested with a parasitic isopod. Family PORCELLANIDAE Petrolisthes tuberculosus (H. Milne Edwards) Porcellana tuberculosa H. Milne Edwards, 1837, p. 256. Petrolisthes affinis, Haig, 1955, p. 50, text-fig. 12 (synonymy). Petrolisthes tuberculosus, Haig, 1960, p. 66, text-fig. 3(2), PI. 24, fig. 4 (synonymy). Locality : Sta. 7, Punta Pulga, Isla Chiloe, 10. x. 1958, 2 4,3 9 (2 ovig.). Measurements; Males, 17.7 and 20.6 mm; non-ovigerous female, 11.4 mm; ovigerous females, 18.4 and 21.8 mm.

Range: Bahia de San Juan, Peru, south to Isla Chiloe. Littoral. Remarks: Collected on a sandstone platform from under stones and in pools, mid-littoral and lower upper-littoral. This species was reported only once from Isla Chiloe, without a more specific locality; the above record shows that it is established on the outer coast of the island, Petrolisthes laevigatus (Guerin) Porcellana laevigata Guerin, 1835, p. 115. Petrolisthes laevigatus, Haig, 1955, p. 45 (part; not all synonymy). Petrolisthes laevigatus, Haig, 1960, p. 97, PI. 28, fig. 2 (synonymy). Localities ; Sta. 3, Punta Gaviota, Isla Chiloe, 5.x.1958, 2 3,32 ovig.; Oct. 1958, 22 . Sta, 17, Rilan, 20.xi.1958, 1 $, 3 2. Measurements: Males, 7.1 to 24.7 mm; non-ovigerous females, 13.4 to 14.2 mm; ovigerous females, 11.7 to 18.0 mm. Range: Peninsula de Coquimbo south to Canal Messier. Littoral. Remarks: Collected intertidally; at Punta Gaviota on the under side of rocks in the lower limit of the hide a zone. The Punta Gaviota record is the first for this species on the outer coast of Isla Chiloe. Allopetrolisthes angulosus (Guerin) Porcellana angulosa Guerin, 1835, p. 115. Petrolisthes angulosus, Haig, 1955, p. 46 (synonymy). Allopetrolisthes angulosus, Haig, 1960, p. 180, text-fig. 6(1), PL 35, fig. 4 (synonymy). Localities : Sta. 3, Punta Gaviota, Isla Chiloe, 5.x.1958, 8 3,52 (4 ovig.). Sta. 4, Punta Gaviota, 11. x. 1958, 2s, 22 ovig. Sta. 7, Punta Pulga, Isla Chiloe, 10.x.1958, 4 3,22 ovig.; 11.x.1958, 3 3 (juv.), '3 2 (juv.). Measurements; Males, 4.0 to 18.8 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.6 to 10.2 mm; ovigerous females, 7.3 to 15.7 mm. Range: Paita, Peru, south to Calbuco and north end of Isla Chiloe. Shore to 18 metres (10 fathoms). Remarks; Collected intertidally; at Punta Pulga on a sandstone platform from under stones and in pools, mid-littoral and lower upper-littoral. The southernmost point from which this species has been reported is Peninsula Laqui on the northern end of Isla Chiloe, at 41° 47' S. The Punta Gaviota and Punta Pulga records extend the known range southward, and are the first of the species’ occurrence on the outer Chiloe coast. BRACHYURA Family MAJIDAE Eurypodius latreillei Guerin Eurypodius latreillii Guerin, 1828, p. 354, PI. 14, figs. I—ll. Eurypodius latreillei, Garth, 1957, p. 19 (synonymy). Eurypodius latreillei, Boschi, 1964, p. 27, PI. 1, fig- b; PI. 5, fig. 1.

Localities : Sta. 21, Puerto Eden, Isla Wellington, 2.xii.1958, 1 9 . Sta. 25, Puerto Eden,, 4.xii.1958, 2 $ . Sta. 33, Puerto Eden, 1 1958, 1 $. Sta. 49, Bahia Munoz Gamero, 26.xii.1958, 12, 1 juv. Sta. 50, Puerto Williams, Isla Navarino, 75.1959, 1 $ . Sta. 51, Puerto Williams, 245.1959, 1 9 . Sta. 64, Puerto Williams, 214.1959, 1 9 . Sta. 66, Puerto Williams, 224.1959, 1 9 . Sta. 68, Puerto Williams, 294.1959, 4s. Sta. 75, Seno Grandi, Isla Navarino, 55i.1959, 1-2. Measurements: Males, 24.7 to 59.6 mm; females, 19.8 to 49.8 mm; young, 15.7 mm. Range: From Bahia de la Independencia, Peru, south to Strait of Magellan and Tierra del Fuego, thence north to Mar del Plata, Argentina. Falkland Islands. 0-140 metres (78 fathoms). Remarks: Commonly dredged in from 6 to 16 metres at Puerto Eden, this olive-green spider crab was collected intertidally at Puerto Williams, where it inhabits the infra-littoral fringe among Macrocystis, and by diving and shallow (2-8 m) dredging. At Seno Grandi it was obtained intertidally and subtidally by diving among Macrocystis. Taliepus dentatus (H. Milne Edwards) Epialtus dentatus H. Milne Edwards, 1834, p. 345. Taliepus dentatus. Garth, 1957, p. 24 (synonymy). Localities : Sta. 3, Punta Gaviota, Isla Chiloe, 1958, 1 juv. Sta. 4, Punta Gaviota, 11. x. 1958, 1 juv. Sta. 7, Punta Pulga, Isla Chiloe, 10.x.1958, 5 $ (juv.), 4 9 (juv.), 2 juv. Sta. 8, Punta Pulga, 11. x. 1958, 1 9 (juv.); 1958, 1 9 (juv.). Measurements: Males (juvenile), 27.6 to 44.6 mm; females (juvenile), 23.0 to 49.2 mm; young from 7,2 mm. Range: From Callao, Peru, to Puerto Bueno, Chile, including San Felix Island. 0-22 metres (12 fathoms). Remarks: These young green or olive-green spider crabs were collected in the infra-littoral or Macrocystis zone at Punta Gaviota, and from the lower littoral or Durvillea zone, as well as under stones and in pools in the mid-littoral and lower upper-littoral zones, at Punta Pulga. The species has been reported twice previously from isla Chiloe, once from Ancud and once without specific locality; however, the above appear to represent the first records of its occurrence on the outer coast. Pisoides edwardsii (Bell) Hyas edwardsii Bell, 1835, p. 171. Pisoides edwardsi. Garth, 1957, p. 29 (synonymy).

Localities : Sta. 4, Punta Gaviota, Isla Chiloe, 17.X.1958, Is, 2$ (juv.). Sta. 7, Punta Pulga, Isla Ghiloe, 20. x. 1958, 2s. Measurements: Males, 9.3 to 10.9 mm; females, 11.1 mm. Range: From Bahia de San Juan, Peru, to Strait of Magellan. Panama and Galapagos Islands doubtful. 0-55 metres (30 fathoms). Remarks: Characteristically sponge-covered, these small spider crabs with pink chelae and yellow dactyls were collected under stones in the lower littoral zone. Reported previously from Ancud and from Peninsula Laqui on the north coast of Isla Chiloe, the species is now known from the insular west coast as well. Family HYMENOSOMIDAE Halicarcinus planatus (Fabricius) Cancer planatus Fabricius, 1775, p. 403. Halicarcinus planatus. Garth, 1957, p. 32 (synonymy). Halicarcinus planatus, Boschi, 1964, p. 23, PI. 1, figs, a, k; PI. 4, figs. 1,2. Localities : Sta. 4, Punta Gaviota, Isla Chiloe, 17. x. 1958, 3 $ ovig. Sta. 27, Puerto Eden, Isla Wellington, 5.xii,1958, 2 $ (1 ovig.), 3 juv. Sta. 39, Puerto Eden, 9.xii.1958, 2s; 11.xii.1958, 7$ (1 ovig.). Sta. 47, Isla Guarello, 4.xi.1958, 5 $ (2 ovig.). Sta. 48, Isla Piazzi, 26.xii.1958, 2 $ (1 ovig.). Sta. 49, Bahia Munoz Gamero, 26.xii.1958, 2 $ ovig. Sta. 50, Puerto Williams, Isla Navarino, 7.1.1959, 1 $ . Sta. 51, Puerto Williams, 9.1.1959, 1 ovig., 2 juv. Sta. 52, Puerto Robalo, Isla Navarino, 10.i.1959, 1$ , 22, 2 juv; 16.i.1959, 4s, 13 2 (10 ovig.); 251.1959, 3 2 (1 ovig.). Sta. 54, Puerto Grandi, Isla Bertrand, 1959, 1 $ ovig. Sta. 57, Caleta San Martin, Isla Hermite, 13.1.1959, 1 $, 1 juv. Sta. 59, Puerto Toro, Isla Navarino, 1959, 5 $ . Sta. 68, Puerto Williams, Isla Navarino, 295.1959, ss, 42 2 (35 ovig.), 10 juv. Sta. 73, Seno Grandi, Isla Navarino, 5.ii.1959, 3 $ (2 ovig.), 3 juv. Sta. 74, Seno Grandi, s.ii. 1959, 1 $ (juv.). Sta. 75, Seno Grandi, 5.ii.1959, 5 $ (4 ovig.), 1 juv. Sta. 77, Puerto Grandi, Isla Bertrand, 7.ii.1959, 6 $ ovig. Measurements: Males, 6.2 to 15.0 mm; non-ovigerous females, 5.2 to 9.2 mm; ovigerous females, 5.1 to 11.5 mm; young from I.smm. Size range of ovigerous females by latitude: Lat. 42° S. (Isla Chiloe): 5.1-s.Bmm (3 specimens) Lat. 49° S. (Isla Wellington): 7.3-10.1 mm (3 specimens;. Lat. 50°-52° S. (3 localities) :, 8.8-10.8 mm (5 specimens). Lat. 54°-55° S. (Isla Navarino): 7.6-11.5 mm (59 specimens).

Range: From Bahia de Taltal, Chile, to Strait of Magellan and Tierra del Fuego, thence northward to Mar del Plata, Argentina. Falkland Islands. Occurs also in the Antarctic islands of South Orkney, Prince Edward, Kerguelen, Macquarie, Campbell, and Auckland, and in New Zealand. Depth to 270 metres (148 fathoms). Remarks: Olive green to brown, often with white mottling on the dorsum, mature specimens with bluish claws, these slow-moving spider crabs were collected from Isla Chiloe on the north to Isla Navarino on the south. As might be expected, there is a corresponding change in size range with change in latitude, the larger specimens occurring in colder water, as demonstrated by maximum and minimum measurements for ovigerous females at four well spaced localities. Intertidal in the mid-littoral (barnacle zone) and under stones in the lower littoral at Puerto Robalo; intertidal in the infra-littoral fringe and among Macrocystis in 0-5 metres at Puerto Williams. Females from Isla Navarino with rhizocephalan parasites; serpulids attached to carapace. Although well within its range, the Punta Gaviota record appears to be the first for the species from the outer coast of Isla Chiloe; however, it has been reported from the north-eastern point of Peninsula Laqui and elsewhere on the inner coast of the island. Family ATELEGYCLIDAE Peltarion spinosulum (White) Atelecyclus spinosulus White, 1843, p. 345. Peltarion spinosulum, Garth, 1957, p. 40 (synonymy). Peltarion spinosulum, Boschi, 1964, p. 65, PI. 3, figs, i, j; PI. 11, fig. 3. Localities : Sta. 31, Puerto Eden, Isla Wellington, 7.xii.1958, 1 $ . Sta. 33, Puerto Eden, 8.xii.1958, 1 $ , Sta. 41, Puerto Eden, 12.xii.1958, 1 $ . Sta. 65, Puerto Williams, Isla Navarino, 21. i. 1959, 1 $, 19. Sta. 68, Puerto Williams, 295.1959, 1 $ . Measurements: Males, 38.3 to 43.7 mm; females, 26.4 to 38.0 mm. Range: From Junin and Iquique, Chile, south to Strait of Magellan and Uschuaia, Argentina, thence north to Cape Santa Maria, Uruguay. Falkland Islands. 0-300 metres (166 fathoms). Remarks : A reddish brown crab, with white markings and orange legs. Dredged in 4—12 metres at Puerto Eden and in 11-12 metres or obtained by diving at Puerto Williams. Acanthocyclus gayi H. Milne Edwards and Lucas Acanthocyclus gayi H. Milne Edwards and Lucas, 1844, p. 30, PI. 15, figs. 1, la-f. Acanthocyclus gayi. Garth, 1957, p. 41 (synonymy). Localities : Sta. 3, Punta Gaviota, Isla Chiloe, 3.x. 1958, 1 $ . Sta. 7, Punta Pulga, Isla Chiloe, 20. x. 1958, 1 $ . Sta. 8, Punta Pulga, 23.X.1958, (2 ovig). Measurements: Males, 16.0 to 22.5 mm; non-ovigerous females, 15.1 and 24.4 mm; ovigerous females, 21.7 and 24.8 mm.

Range: From Salaverry, Pern, to Punta Ahui, Peninsula Laqui, Isla Chiloe. 0-15 metres (8 fathoms). Remarks: Collected in the Lessonia zone at Punta Gaviota and in the Durvillea or lower littoral zone at Punta Pulga, these moderately large, narrow, and hairy cancroid crabs have not been reported previously from the west coast of Isla Chiloe. Acanthocyclus albatrossis Rathbun Acanthocyclus albatrossis Rathbun, 1898, pp. 598, 599. Acanthocyclus albatrossis, Garth, 1957, p. 42 (synonymy). Localities : Sta. 3, Punta Gaviota, Isla Chiloe, Oct. 1958, 2$ . Sta. 15, Estero Castro, Isla Chiloe, 18.xi.1958, 3 3,3 s, 5 juv. Sta. 16, Punta Aguantao, 20.xi.1958, 1 3 . Sta. 17, Rilan, 20.xi.1958, 13. Sta. 19, Puerto Eden, Isla Wellington, 29.xi.1958, 2a, 3 $ (1 ovig.), 1 juv. Sta. 27, Puerto Eden, 5.xii.1958, la, 1 $ . Sta. 28, Puerto Eden, 5.xii.1958, 1 $ . Sta. 39, Puerto Eden, 9.xii.1958, 1 $, 2 juv.; 11.xii.1958, 3 a, Is, 3 juv. Sta. 40, Puerto Eden, 13.xii.1958, 3 $ (1 ovig.). Sta. 45, Puerto Eden, 18.xii.1958, 2a, 1$ (juv.); 20.xii.1958, la. Sta. 49, Bahia Munoz Gamero, 26.xii.1958, 22. Sta. 54, Puerto Grandi, Isla Bertrand, 12.1.1959, 3 3,7 2 (5 ovig.). Sta. 59, Puerto Toro, Isla Navarino, 14.1.1959, 1 $ . Sta. 75, Seno Grandi, Isla Navarino, 5.ii.1959, la, 12. Sta. 77, Puerto Grandi, Isla Bertrand, 7.ii. 1959, 1 $ . Measurements: Males, 7.6 to 21.9 mm; non-ovigerous females, 8.1 to 20.7 mm; ovigerous females, 13.1 to 20.3 mm; young from 3.omm. Size range of ovigerous females by latitude: Lat. 42° S. (Isla Chiloe): (no specimen). Lat. 49° S. (Isla Wellington): 13.1-18.1 mm (2 specimens). Lat. 54°-55° S. (Isla Navarino): 14.5-20.3 mm (5 specimens). Range: From Talcahuano, Chile, to Almirantazgo, Tierra del Fuego. Falkland Islands. Littoral. Remarks: Like Halicarcinus planatus, this species shows a wide range with change in size corresponding to change in latitude. However, as no ovigerous females were collected at Isla Chiloe, the most northerly locality, the dine for this character cannot be as thoroughly documented. Taken in the Iridea zone and among mussels in the lower mid-littoral zone at Isla Chiloe, under stones in the mid-littoral and in rock pools in the lower littoral zones at Puerto Eden, and in the mid-littoral zone at Puerto Grandi. Frequently with serpulids attached to the carapace. Previously reported from San Carlos (= Ancud) and Punta Corona, Peninsula Laqui, the species is now known from the outer coast of Isla Chiloe.

Family CANCRIDAE Cancer polyodon Poeppig Cancer polyodon Poeppig, 1836, p. 133. Cancer polyodon, Garth, 1957, p. 50 (synonymy). Locality : Sta. 7, Punta Pulga, Isla Chiloe, 10. x. 1958, 1 $ . Measurements: Female, 90mm. Range: From Guayaquil, Ecuador, to the peninsula of Taitao, Chile. 0-22 metres (12 fathoms). Remarks : Previously obtained at Quetalmahue and at Punta Corona, Peninsula Laqui, the species is now recorded from the outer coast of Isla Chiloe. Family XANTHIDAE Gaudichaudia gaudichaudii (H, Milne Edwards) Xantho gaudichaudii H. Milne Edwards, 1834, p. 396. Gaudichaudia gaudichaudi, Garth, 1957, p. 52 (synonymy). Localities : Sta. 3, Punta Gaviota, Isla Chiloe, 5.x. 1958, 1 $ . Sta. 7, Punta Pulga, Isla Chiloe, 10. x. 1958, 3$ , 3 $ (1 ovig.); Oct. 1958, 1 juv. Measurements: Males, 15.6 to 29.9 mm; non-ovigerous females, 13.8 to 14.9 mm; ovigerous female, 19.6 mm; young, 3.omm. Range: From Bahia de Sechura, Peru, to Port Otway (Puerto Barroso), Chile, including Isla Juan Fernandez. 0-40 metres (22 fathoms). Remarks : Serpulids attached. Lower littoral zone, among sabellid tubes. Previously reported from An cud, the species is now known from the west coast of Isla Chiloe. Homalaspis plana (H. Milne Edwards) Xantho planus H. Milne Edwards, 1834, p. 397. Homalaspis plana, Garth, 1957, p. 57 (synonymy). Localities : Sta.. 3,. Punta Gaviota, Isla Chiloe, 1958, 2 juv. Sta. 7, Punta Pulga, Isla Chiloe, 10.x.1958, 7 $ (1 juv.), 10 $ , 3 juv., 2 unsexed specimens. Measurements: Males, 15.8 to 68.4 mm; females, 14.2 to 70.8 mm; young, B.omm. Range: From Guayaquil, Ecuador, to Strait of Magellan, including Isla Juan Fernandez. 0-13 metres (7 fathoms). Remarks : Small crabs, dorsum white with brown markings, chelae pale, legs purple, terminal joints white.” “Dorsum purple, legs white.” Collected in the Iridea zone at Punta Gaviota, under stones and in pools in the mid-littoral zone at Punta Pulga. Previously found at Quetalmahue and Punta Corona, Peninsula Laqui, the species is now reported from the outer coast of Isla Chiloe.

Family PINNOTHERIDAE Pinnixa valdiviensis Rathbun Pinnixa valdiviensis Rathbun, 1907, p. 45, PL 3, figs. 2-3, text-fig. 1. Pinnixa valdiviensis. Garth, 1957, p. 78, text-fig. 6 (synonymy). Localities ; Sta. 21, Puerto Eden, Isla Wellington, 2.xii.1958, 8 ,21 $ (8 ovig.), 2 juv. Sta. 22, Puerto Eden, 3.xii.1958, 1 $ . Sta. 23, Puerto Eden, 3.xii.1958, 3£, Is. Sta. 24, Puerto Eden, 3.xii.1958, 2 $, 29. Sta. 30, Puerto Eden, 4.xii.1958, 5 4,39 (1 ovig.); 6.xii.1958, 5 4,49 (1 ovig.). Sta. 34, Puerto Eden, 8.xii.1958, 2 $ (1 juv.), 2 9 (1 juv.). Sta. 37, Puerto Eden, 9.xii.1958, 1 $ (juv.), 2 9 (1 juv.). Measurements: Males, 5.2 to B.7mm; non-ovigerous females, 6.4 to 9.3 mm; ovigerous females, 7.5 to 9.6 mm; young from 3.2 mm, Range: From Islas de Chincha, Peru, to Punta Arenas (Magallanes), Strait of Magellan. 0-20 metres (11 fathoms). Remarks : Collected only at Puerto Eden, in depths of from 8 to 32m, on grey sand or sandy mud bottom, with Chaetopterus and red algae present. “ Several distinct bottom communities were distinguished [at Puerto Eden], and a Chaetopterus variegatus community was found to be widespread in depths from 12-30 metres on hard sandy bottoms. Over 90 per cent of the tubes were occupied by a commensal Pinnaxid crab.” Pinnaxodes chilensis (H. Milne Edwards) Pinnotheres chilensis H. Milne Edwards, 1837, p. 33. Pinnaxodes chilensis. Garth, 1957, p. 85, text-fig. 9 (synonymy). Locality; Sta. 4, Punta Gaviota, Isla Chiloe, 1958, 16 9 ovig. Measurements; Not measured. Up to inches in diameter. Range; From Ecuador to Port Otway (Puerto Barroso), Chile. Galapagos Islands. To about 2 metres (1 fathom). Remarks : These commensal crabs from sea urchins were taken by local people, who regard them as a delicacy. Earlier reported from San Pedro, Isla Chiloe, the species is now recorded from the insular west coast. Pinnaxodes silvestrii (Nobili) Pinnoteres silvestrii Nobili, 1901, p. 11. Pinnaxodes silvestrii. Garth, 1957, p. 88, text-figs. 10-11 (synonymy). Localities : Sta. 4, Punta Gaviota, Isla Chiloe, 4.x. 1958, 1 9 ovig. Sta. 7, Punta Pulga, Isla Chiloe, 23.X.1958, 2 4,89 (7 ovig.); 25.X.1958, 14,69 ovig. Measurements; Males, 5.3 to 7.Bmm; non-ovigerous female, 5.2 mm; ovigerous females, 10.3 to 15.2 mm.

Range: From Valparaiso to Bahia de Talcahuano, Chile; now extended to Isla Chiloe.

Remarks : These commensal crabs, taken from the cloaca of a large holothurian, are the first of their species for which the host is definitely known. Professor George Knox writes (letter of 17 July 1962) : “ I can confirm that the holothurian Eucyclus chilensis (Semper) is the host of Pinnaxodes silvestrii as I collected these specimens myself from holothurians living in tide pools on the shore.” The holothurian host is abundant in low tidal pools and crevices low down on the shore, and in the sub-littoral, and reaches a length of one foot. Thus the relationship strongly suggested by the Lund University Chile Expedition, but not confirmed, as host and commensal were separated and the host ultimately lost, is firmly established. Known only from half a dozen specimens, including those originally attributed to Pinnaxodes meinerti Rathbun, a synonym, and from Bahia de Talcahuano northward, the species is now represented by 18 additional specimens, three of which are males, and is known to occur southward to Isla Chiloe.

Family GRAPSIDAE Hemigrapsus crenulatus (H. Milne Edwards) Cyclograpsus crenulatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, p. 80. Hemigrapsus crenulatus, Garth, 1957, p. 97 (synonymy). Localities : Sta, 13, Rio Chepu, Isla Chiloe, 24. x. 1958, 6 $ , 49. Sta. 14, Punta Chores, Isla Chiloe, 24. x. 1958, 2$ , 2 9 ovig. Sta. 15, Estero Castro, Isla Chiloe, 18.xi.1958, 4$ (2 juv.), 2 9 (1 ovig., 1 juv.). Sta. 17, Rilan, 20.xi.1958, 6 $ (2 juv.), 2 9 (1 ovig.). Measurements: Males, 9.2 to 30.5 mm; non-ovigerous females, 9.2 to 23.1 mm; ovigerous female, 9.omm; young male, 6.4 mm; young female, 6.7 mm. Range; From Cavancha to north of Darwin Channel, Archipielago de Los Chonos, Chile. Occurs also in New Zealand. 0-11 metres (6 fathoms). Remarks: Collected under stones in the lower littoral at Punta Choros and also under stones in the mid-littoral at Estero Castro. Occurs in sheltered situations, often in proximity to fresh water. Previously reported from Golfo de Quetalmahue and Bahia de Ancud, the species may now be listed as inhabiting the outer coast of Isla Chiloe as well. In view of the interest of zoogeographers in species common to South America and New Zealand, and in consideration of the statement attributed to Balss by Bennett (1964, p. 82) that Hemigrapsus crenulatus from Chile and New Zealand are different forms, specimens from Wellington sent by Professor L. R. Richardson for comparison with Lund University Chile Expedition collections (see Garth, 1957, p. 99) were re-examined. The differences in the suborbital stridulating ridge suggested by Bennett as distinguishing the two forms appear no more than might be expected in a long series of specimens from either locality, and the writer is inclined toward his earlier opinion that the two are conspecific. If, however, they should later prove to be distinct, there is no assurance, as Bennett assumed, that the name crenulatus would remain with the New Zealand form, since Milne Edwards, who failed to specify the type locality, had access to Chilean as well as New Zealand material.

Literature Cited Bell, T., 1835. Some account of the Crustacea of the coasts of South America, with descriptions of new genera and species; founded principally on the collections obtained by Mr Cuming and Mr Miller. (Tribus 1, Oxyrhynchi). Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 3: 169—173. Bennett, E. W., 1964. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Crustacea, Brachyura. N.Z. Dept. Sci. Industr. Res. Bull. 153: 1-120. Boschi, E. E., 1964. Los Crustaceos Decapodos Brachyure del litoral Bonaerense. 801. Inst. Biol. Mar., Mar del Plata 6: I—loo. Carlisle, D. 8., 1959. On the sexual biology of Pandalus borealis (Crustacea Decapoda). 111. The initiation of the female phase. Jour. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 38(3): 493-506. Cunningham, R. 0., 1871. Notes on the reptiles, Amphibia, fishes, Mollusca, and Crustacea obtained during the voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the years 1866-69. Trans. Linn. Soc. Land. {Zool.) 27: 465-502. Fabricius, J. G., 1775. Systema _ entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Garth, J. S., 1957. Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948-49. 29. The Crustacea Decapoda Brachyura of Chile, Lunds Univ. Arsskr., n.s. (2) 53(7): 1-130. Guerin-Meneville, F. E., 1828. Memoire sur FEurypode, nouveau genre de crustace decapode brachyure. Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris 16: 345-356. Haig, Janet, 1955. Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948-49. 20. The Crustacea Anomura of Chile. Lunds Univ. Arsskr., n.s. (2) 51(12): I—6B, Hancock Pacif. Exped. 24: (vii) 1-440. Holthuis, L. 8., 1947. The Decapoda of the Expedition. Part IX. The Hippolytidae and Rhynchocinetidae collected by the Siboga and Snellius Expeditions with remarks on other species. Siboga Exped. Monogr. XXXIX a 8: 1-100. Decapoda Macrura of Chile. Lunds Univ. Arsskr., n.s. (2) 47(10): 1-109. Jagquinot, H., 1842-53. In Hombron and H. Jacquinot, Voyage au pole sud et dans VOceanie sur les corvettes VAstrolabe et la Zelee. Atlas, Crustacea, Pis. I—9. Milne Edwards, H., 1834. Histoire naturelle des crustaces, comprenant anatomic, la physiologic et la classification de ces animaux, 1. de la tribu des paguriens. Ann. Sci. Nat. (2) 6: 257-288. classification de ces animaux, 2. Milne Edwards, H. and Lucas, H., 1842-44. In A. d’Orbigny, Voyage dans VAmerique meridionale, 6; Atlas, 9. Nobili, G., 1901. Decapod! raccolti dal Dr Filippo Silvestri nell’ America meridionale. 8011. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino 16(402): 1-16. Pfeffer, G., 1887. Die Krebse von Siid-Georgien nach der Ausbeute der deutschen Station 1882-83. I. Teil. Jb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 4: 41-150. Poeppig, E., 1836. Crustacea Chilensia nova aut minus nota. Arch. Naturgesch. 2(1): 133-145. Rathbun, Mary J., 1898 The Brachyura collected by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross on the voyage from Norfolk, Virginia, to San Francisco, California, 18871888. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 21: 567-616. ~ 1907. South American Crustacea. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 11: 45-50.

White, A.. 1843. Descriptions of apparently new species and varieties of insects and other Annulosa, principally from the collection in the British Museum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 12: 342-346. Yaldwyn, I. C., 1960. Crustacea Decapoda Natantia from the Chatham Rise: a deep water bottom fauna from New Zealand. N.Z. Dept. Set. Industr. Res. Bull. 139(1): 13-53. — 1965. Antarctic and subantarctic decapod Crustacea. In P. van Oye and J. van Mieghem, Biogeography and ecology in Antarctica: 324-332. — 1966. Protandrous hermaphroditism in decapod prawns of the families Hippolytidae and Campylonotidae. Nature, Land. 209(5030): 1366. John S. Garth, Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. Janet Haig, Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. J. C. Yaldwyn, The Australian Museum, 6-8 College Street, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia.

* Contribution No. 294 of the Allan Hancock Foundation.