Entomogenous Microorganisms of New Zealand

Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand : Zoology, Volume 6, Issue 1, 25 February 1965, Page 1

Entomogenous Microorganisms of New Zealand

G. A. H. Helson

By

Department of Agriculture, Wellington [Received by the Editor, April 3, 1964.]

Introduction

Although insect diseases have been known since ancient times, it is only in recent years that they have been studied in detail, and not as novelties incidental to other biological studies of insects. It is not surprising, therefore, that the pathogens of New Zealand insects have not been brought together in one publication before. Such information as has been published is scattered through numbers of scientific publications and some unpublished in the form of student theses. The information recorded herein is still far from complete, but it is the purpose of this paper to bring together what is known in the hope that it will encourage further investigations into this particular aspect of entomology, and assist the work of future insect pathologists, and field experiments in progress with microbial insecticides.

The entomogenous microorganisms mentioned here belong to the bacteria, fungi, viruses, nematodes and protozoa. Future surveys will almost certainly add to the list contained in this paper.

The entomogenous microorganisms are first listed under five main headings. This records the host attacked and distribution where it is known, A second list records the insects and their pathogens together with a reference to the literature. Where those are marked by an asterisk the author is indebted to Professor E. A. Steinhaus, Department of Insect Pathology, University of California, for diagnosis. The nuclear polyhedrosis of Wise ana* sp. marked with a double asterisk was identified by Dr Y. Tanada of the same University. I am also indebted to Field Officers of the Department of Agriculture who took part in the Survey, to officers of Entomology Division, D.5.1.R., and Massey and Lincoln Colleges, and Professor J. Marples, of Otago University, for information and useful discussions.

PATHOGENS

References

Close, R., 1956. A Muscardine Fungus on a Caterpillar of Antherea eucalypti Scott. N.Z. Entomologist 2 (1): 1-2.

Dale, P. S., 1956. Sand Scarab Pericoptes. Thesis. Library Canterbury University.

Dumbleton, L. J., 1945. Bacterial and Nematode Parasites of Soil Insects, N.Z. Jour. Sci. & Tech. 27 (1): 76-31. Walk. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. 77: 530-532.

Fitzgerald, N. W., 1952. Some New Gregarines. M.Sc. Thesis Otago Univ. Libr., Dunedin.

Kelson, G. A. H., 1934. The Bionomics and Anatomy of Stenoperla prasina. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. 64: 214-245.

271-276.

Hoy, J., 1961. Eriococcus orariensis Hoy and other Coccoidea (Homoptera) associated with Leptospermum Forst. Species in New Zealand D.S.I.R. Bulletin 141: 38-41.

insect parasitic nematode. Parasitology 44: 392-399.

— 1955. The use of Bacteria and Nematodes to Control Insects. N.Z. Science Review 13 (5-6): 57-58.

Kelsey, J. M., 1957. Virus Sprays for the control of Pieris rapae. N.Z. Jour. Sci. & Tech. A 3 8(6): 644-6.

Laird, M., 1950. The Occurrence of Leptomonas ctenocephali (Fantham, 1912) in the Intestine and Malpighian Tubules of the Gat Flea Ctenocephelus felis (Bouche, 1835). Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. 78 (4): 476^-78.

Lowe, A. 8., 1956. Recommendations for the Control of Insect Pests on Brassica Crops in New Zealand. N.Z. Journ. Agric. 93(4): 341-363.

N.Z. Entomologist 2(2): 30.

—_ 1958 b. Insect Pests of Brassicas. Proc. Bth Lincoln College Farmers' Conf. 111120.

aphid Brevicoryne brassica in New Zealand. N.Z. J. Agrc. Res. 6: 314^-317.

Maskell, F. G., 1927. The Anatomy of Hemideina thoracica. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. 57: 637-670.

Palmer-Jones, T., 1949. Diseases of Bees in New Zealand. N.Z. Jour, of Agric. 79(5) 483-486.

Salmon, J. T., 1951. Vegetable Caterpillars Oxycanus spp. Tuatara 4(1): 1-3

Siew Yow Gheong, 1960. Some contributions to the Biology of Scolypopa australis Wlk. M.Sc. Thesis: Auckland University.

Steinhaus, E. A., 1960. Notes on Polyhedrosis in Peridroma, Prodenia, Colds, Heliothis and other Lepidoptera. Jour. Insect Pathology 2(4): 332.

Zondag, L., 1962. A Nematode Disease of Sir ex noctilio (F). Interim Research Release, N.Z. Forest Institute, Rotorua.

G. A. H. Helson, Dept. Agriculture, Wellington, P.O. Box 2298.

* The name of the genus Oxycanus has recently been changed to Wise ana.

PATHOGEN HOST DISTRIBUTION Bacteria 1. larvae disease) (milky Bacillus sp. disease) Bacillus (milky sp. (undescribed Micrococcus Bizio Serratia L. Wh. zealandica Fabr. orator f Costelytra truncatus Pericoptes Throughout Islands South Auckland Bay Island South Island North Fungi 2. bassiana (Math.) aphodii (Hook) Cordyceps robertsii Cordyceps Berk. Cordyceps Hoff. Entomophthora ? sp. citriformis Hirsutella spp. (Metch.) anisopliae Fetch. Link roseum Tricothecium eucalypti comma zealandica Costelytra pupa Wiseana sp. Hope Aphodius Wiseana spp. Hepialis Gicadidae L. Wlk. Persectania aversa Walk. australis Scolypopa australis Scolypopa zealandica Costelytra Wiseana sp. truncatus Persectania Hoy australis NorthPalmerston Canterbury Wellington Canterbury Wellington • Canterbury Mt. Lake No Canterbury Poverty Canterbury, Auckland Auckland Dunedin Canterbury Wellington Canterbury North Auckland 3. Bergoldiavirus Bergoldiavirus sp. Borrelinavirus sp. Borrelinavirus sp. (sacbrood) sp. L. Persectania Wiseana sp. (Butler) mellifera Apis Throughout Canterbury Wellington Canterbury Throughout Throughout Canterbury Wellington Canterbury Throughout -

PATHOGEN HOST DISTRIBUTION Nematoda 4. sp. zealandica Costelytra Canterbury Hoy simplex Ashburton Nematode (undescribed Sirex (F.) Island North Nematode Hemideina White Island Rhabditis sp. Pericoptes truncatus North Island 5. Protozoa Pericoptes truncatus North Island Dumb. Wise Island Enterocystis Fitz. Blattidae Hill, t Gregarina Costelytra zealandica Throughout sp. Hemideina thoracica North Island Gregarina t sp. f • sp. Hemideina thoracica North Island f Stenoperla prasina (Nemw.) ’ Pheloneis aeretum Gass, Canterbury t ■ sp. Fitz. t Gregarina 1 (Nemw.) turgidulum Pheloneis Pheloneis curtulus . . Canterbury Dunedin Hill, f Fitz. Gregarina (Fentham) turgidulum Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche) Wellington . Pheloneis curtulus Pine Hill, Dunedin stenocephali mellificae Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche) Wellington Apis mellifera Isolated, 1 hive only *Malpighamoeba mellificae (Prell) apis Apis Apis Isolated, 1 hive only f Pheloneis aeratum ... . Throughout apis Ophryocystis (Fitz.) Apis I turgidulum f Pheloneis aeratum Pheloneis cUrtulus. Throughout yCilibe otagoensis Pine Hill, Dunedin Ophryocystis (Fitz.) Stenophora Fitz. pinerum 1 turgidulum Diplopoda Pine Hill, Dunedin HOSTS \ Pheloneis curtulus yCilibe otagoensis Pine Hill, Dunedin INSECT Stenophora Fitz. pinerum 1. PATHOGEN REFERENCE Diplopoda Pine Hill, Dunedin HOSTS INSECT PATHOGEN REFERENCE 1. Aphodius Cordyceps aphodii Lowe, A. D., 1961 hoivittiAphodius Costelytra Cordyceps aphodii Lowe, A. D., 1961 Dumbleton, L., 1945 • ■ ' Vi Bacillus sp. Dumbleton, L., 1945 Hoy, J., 1955 *Beauveria bassiana Helson, G. A. H. (new record) *Metarrhizium anisopliae Micrococcus sp. Mermis sp. Helson, G. A. H. (new record) Helson, G. A. H. (new record) Hoy, J., 1955 Costelytra Heteronychus orator Bacillus sp. Gregarina spp. Kelsey, J. M. (unpublished) ‘ i Pericoptes Hoy, J., 1955 bassiana Bacillus sp. Helson, G. A. H. (new record) M *etarrhizium anisopliae Metarrhizium anisopliae G. (new (unpublished) Dale, P. S. (personal communication Micrococcus sp. f but Thought non-pathogenic Helson, G. A. H. (new record) confirmation. Mermis sp. Hoy, J., 1955 Heteronychus arator Fabr. Gregarina spp. Kelsey, J. M. (unpublished) Pericoptes truncatus Bacillus sp. Shackleton, D. A. (unpublished) *Metarrhizium anisopliae Dale, P. S. (personal communication f Thought to be non-pathogenic but requires confirmation.

INSECT PATHOGEN REFERENCE Pericoptes truncatus Rhabditis communication) S. (personal Cephalobellus Dale, P. S. (personal communication) *Serratia communication) P. Dale, Dale, P. S. (personal communication) Pheloneis 'J 1952Fitzgerald, turgidulum botulina Gregarina J 1 'i aeratum Fitzgerald, N. W., 1952 1 Pheloneis marplesiOphryocystis Fitzgerald, N. W., 1952 J J otagoensis Pyronota Bacillus sp. H. Helson, 2. 1956Close, record eucalypti *Beauveria Arithisa comma bassiana*Beauveria simplex leucaniaeNeoaplectana Hoy, 1955 Hoy, Hepialis Cordyceps J. Wise sp. bassiana*Beauveris 1962 G. anisopliae * Helson, G. A. H. (new record) robertsii Cordyceps Salmond, J. T., 1951 sp. record) H. Helson, record New Salmond, J. T., 1951 New record Persectania Bergoldiavirus 1958 A. ? *Entomophthora Helson, G. A. H. (new record) Metarrhizium * record) A. G. (new Helson, record New New record rapae virulentum Bergoldiavirus 1957 J. 1956Lowe, Fungus Cort. Plutella (unidentified) Fungus 1958Lowe, Pseudaletia separata oxycaniDiplocystis L. (Butler) Borrelinavirus * sp. 1960 A., Hemiptera 3. brassicaeBrevicoryne aphidisEntomophthora 1963Lowe, orariensis Eriococcus thwaitesii 1961 Hoy, Wlk. australis Scolypopa Link Yow Siew Wlk. australis Scolypopa Hymenostilbe 1960 Yow Wlk. australis citriformis 1960 Yow

INSECT PATHOGEN REFERENCES 4. Apis Bacillus 1949Palmer-Jones, Moratorvirus 1949Palmer- Jones, apis Ibid. melliferaMalpighamoeba Ibid. Sir ex Nematode 1962Zondag, 5. Ctenocephalides ctenocephali Leptomonas 1950Laird, Diptera pupa bassiana record 6. Blattidae Enter ocystis N. 7. Diplopoda Stenophora N. Orthoptera Hemideina Nematode Masked, 9. Stenoperla Gregarina sp. 1934 A.

PATHOGENS