A Checklist and Key to the Crustacea Isopoda of New Zealand and the Subantarctic Islands
D. E. Hurley,
By
N.Z. Oceanographic Institute, Wellington
[Received by the Editor, May 22, 1961.]
Abstract
A checklist and key is given to the 78 genera and 168 species of Crustacea Isopoda recorded from New Zealand and the Subantarctic Islands.
Introduction
It is now some seventy-five years since Thomson and Chilton (1886) first issued their checklist of the Crustacea Isopoda of New Zealand, in which they recorded some 60 species. Since then, the number of recorded species has increased to 168, described and discussed, as the list of references indicates, in a great variety of papers, many of which were published outside New Zealand. As yet, there is no monograph of the New Zealand species and the limited number of reviews of New Zealand families or genera subsequently published are not sufficiently recent .to be of much value. One, at least, is quite misleading.
As a first step towards a review, the following checklist has been prepared. For this purpose, the New Zealand and Subantarctic Islands Region has been taken to be that area between latitudes 28° S and 54° S and longitudes 160° E to 174° W. This includes Norfolk Island, the Kermadec Islands, the Chathams, The Snares, The Bounties, the Antipodes and Auckland and Campbell Islands. It excludes Lord Howe and the Macquarie Islands.
Many of the early descriptions, as one might expect, are often unhelpfully brief and poorly illustrated, ye.t the species themselves are often sufficiently distinctive in shape and ornamentation to be identified with some confidence by the nonspecialist. A list of common species and a comprehensive key to the hitherto recorded New Zealand species, to be used in conjunction with the checklist, have therefore been included. However, it should not be immediately assumed that a specimen belongs unquestionably to the species which the key indicates until it has been checked against its description; many more species remain to be described from this region. It is also possible, since many of the original descriptions were
so brief and deficient in generic characteristics, that a species, which can be easily identified by its body sculpture, will key out to a different genus from that indicated by the checklist. Where there are reservations about generic status these have been indicated in the checklist, but there may well be others in this category of which the author is at present unaware.
The list of literature cited under each species does not constitute a full bibliography; this may be obtained by consulting the skeleton bibliography after the species name which has been selected to give the original description (usually), the most helpful subsequent comments, and the most recent relevant works. Where references have been given to more than one set of illustrations, the more useful or, in some instances, the more easily accessible paper has been asterisked.
The classification into suborders, tribes and families has, in the main, been adopted from an unpublished paper very generously lent by its author, Dr. Robert J. Menzies.
As far as possible, technical terms have been omitted or reduced to a minimum in the key. Where there is ambiguity, it is more likely to be the fault of the author than that of the terminology adopted.
No key is given to the Oniscoidea —the terrestrial and littoral Isopods. For this, the reader is referred to one previously published in Tuatara —“ New Zealand Terrestrial Isopods” (Hurley, 1950, Vol. 3 (3): 115-127).
The keys to the other tribes and families have been freely adapted from those for Australian and South African genera published by Hale and Barnard.
Finally, the reader is reminded that Hale’s papers on Australian Isopods are extremely useful in identifying New Zealand species since his keys and illustrations include a number of species common to both countries.
COMMON SPECIES
The following list indicates some of the more common species in various environments:
Terrestrial. Around houses and under rotting wood, the introduced species Porcellio scaher (the common woodlouse or “slater”) and Armadillidium vulgare; in leafmould or native bush—any of the numerous native species.
Supralittoral. Pseudaega punctata ; Tylos neozelanicus (“under tussocks”); Actaecia euchroa, found on sandy beaches, often rolled into a ball and skidding along the beach pushed by the wind; Scyphax ornatus, characterized by a long eye of up to 200 ocelli in four bands along each side of the head; the silver fishlike Ligia novaezealandiae.
Fresh-water. Cruregens fontanus (wells and artesian water, Canterbury) ; species of the Family Phreatoicidae.
Brackish-water. The Idoteid, Notidotea lacustris.
Intertidal. Sphaeroma quoyana (a pill-bug burrowing often in sandstone or wood) ; the spider-like Munna neozelanica ; the large pill-bug Exosphaeroma gigas; Isocladus armatus and 7. spiniger (each with a long spine arising from the middle of the back); Cymodoce bituberculata ; Cilicaea canaliculata and C. latreillei (with thick furry uropods) ; Dynamenella huttoni ; Amphoroidea falcifer , which has the peduncles of the antennae produced in two large squarish plates in front of the head; the thin, flat, oval, disc-like Plakarthrium typicum with an outer ring of segmental plates around the body, found adhering to seaweed fronds.
Infralittoral and Shallow-water. Species of Astacilla which resemble Lshaped stick-insects, walking on their hind legs; the large, long, green cylindrical Idoteid, Paridotea ungulata, common on Macrocystis ; the reddish Idoteid, Euidotea peronii, found on red seaweed; various free-swimming fish-lice of the genus Cirolana; the thin, flat, disc-like Cassidina typa which has small multi-coloured spots on its back.
Parasitic and Commensal. Free-swimming fish-lice—various Cirolana species; the flesh-burrowing, symmetrical Nerocila orbignyii and the distorted Livoneca raynaudii; lais californica and /. pubescens, commensal on sphaeromid (pill-bug) isopods, especially around the pleopods; Antias unirameus, commensal on the sea-cucumber, Stichopus mollis. Borers. The pill-bug Sphaeroma quoyana, in wood and sandstone; Limnoria quadripunctata ("gribble") in wood; L. segnis and L. stephenseni in algal holdfasts.
Order ISOPODA
Suborder GNATHIIDEA
Family GNATHIIDAE
Genus Thaumastognathia Monod 1. Thaumastognathia diceros Monod Monod, 1926: 304-307, figs. 124-125. Nierstrasz, 1941: 238. Three Kings, 118 m. Genus Gnathia Leach 1. Gnathia akaroensis Monod Monod, 1926: 439-443, figs. 178-180 G. Nierstrasz, 1941: 236. Akaroa Harbour, 10 m. 2. Gnathia brachyuropus Monod Monod, 1926: 579-580, fig. 180 D-F. (Known from Praniza lava only.) Nierstrasz, 1941: 236. Akaroa: 10 m; Lyttelton. 3. Gnathia pacifica Monod Monod, 1926: 449-451, fig. 185. Nierstrasz, 1941: 236. Golville Channel, 64 m. 4. Gnathia polythrix Monod Monod, 1926: 367-371, figs. 144-1458. Nierstrasz, 1941: 236. Three Kings, 118 m. 5. Gnathia regalis Monod Monod, 1926: 532-536, figs. 1458, 239-241. Nierstrasz, 1941: 236. Three Kings, 118 m.
Suborder QUATUOR DEGAPODA (or TETRAGERA)
Tribe ASELLOTA Subtribe STENETRIOIDEA Family STENETRIIDAE Genus Stenetrium Haswell
I. Stenetrium fractum Chilton
Chilton, 1884: 251-252, pi. 18, figs. 3a-f. Nierstrasz, 1941: 281. Lyttelton Harbour.
Subtribe PARASELLOIDEA
Family IANIRIDAE
Genus lanira Leach 1. lanira (lathrippa) longicauda (Chilton) Chilton, 1884: 250-251, pi. 18. fig. 2b-b. Thomson, 1889: 265-266. Tattersall, 1921: 200, pi. 1, fig. 6. *Nordenstam, 1933: 173-176, figs. 40a-h. Nierstrasz, 1941: 286. Hurley, 1957: 17-18, figs. 92-107. Lyttelton: Terra Nova Sta. 96, 7 miles E. of North Cape, 70 fms.; Campbell Island.
2. lanira (lanira) neglecta Chilton Chilton, 1909: 648-649, figs. 13a-b. Stephensen, 1927: 355. Nierstrasz, 1941: 283. Masked 1., Garnley Harbour, Auckland Islands; Port Chalmers, Lyall Bay, New Zealand.
Genus lais 1 Bovallius 1. lais californica (Richardson) Chilton, 1912: 132, 134. Hurley, 1956: 715-718, figs. 1-13. On Sphaeroma quoyana, Hutt River; Marlborough Sounds; Hawke's Bay.
2. lais pubescens (Dana) Chilton, 1892: 266-267. Chilton, 1909: 649-650. Monod, 1931: 11. Nordenstam, 1933: 178-179, figs. 41a-c. Nierstrasz, 1941: 287. *Menzies & Barnard, 1951: 138-141, pis. 42-43. Hurley, 1956: 718. Naylor, 1961: 15-16, fig. 6. Chatham Islands; Campbell Island; Auckland Island; on Exosphaeroma gigas; Isocladus armatus; Exosphaeroma lanceolatum; Isocladus spiniger.
Family JAEROPSIDAE
Genus Jaeropsis Koehler 1. Jaeropsis curvicornis (Nicolet) Stebbing, 1905: 51-52, pi. 11G. Chilton, 1912: 133. Nierstrasz, 1941: 288. Akaroa; Taylor's Mistake; Lyall Bay.
1. Jaeropsis pallisen ±luriey Hurley, 1957: 18-19, figs. 67-73, 108-117. Cook Strait.
Family ANTIASIDAE
Genus Antias Richardson 1. Antias hispidus Vanhoffen Stephensen, 1927: 356-357, fig. 24. Nierstrasz, 1941: 385. Menzies and Miller, 1955: 385. Carnley Harbour, Auckland Island.
2. Antias unirameus Menzies & Miller Menzies & Miller, 1955: 385-389, figs. 1-2. Island Bay, commensal on holothurian Stichopus mollis.
Family MUNNIDAE
Genus Munna Kroyer 1. Munna neozelanica Chilton Chilton, 1892: 268-269. *Chilton, 1892: 2-12, pis. 1-2. Chilton: 1912: 132. Stephensen, 1927: 357-8. Monod, 1931: 14, fig. Bc-e. Nierstrasz, 1941: 289.
Port Chalmers and Brighton, near Dunedin, “between tidemarks on surface of stones and boulders under mass of decaying Boltenias washed upon beach” and in rock pool; Waikawa Bay, Queen Charlotte Sound; Portage, Kenepuru Sound; Masked Island, Carnley Harbour, Port Ross, Auckland Island; Campbell Island.
2. Munna schauinslandi Sars Sars, 1905: 372-375, pi. 14, figs. 1-12. Monod, 1931: 18. Nierstrasz, 1941: 290. Chatham Island.
Genus Paramunna Sars 1. Paramunna serrata (Richardson) ♦Richardson, 1908: 5-6, figs. 6-7. Stephensen, 1927: 359-360, fig. 25. Nierstrasz, 1941: 291. Carnley Harbour, Auckland Island, under stones at low tide.
INCERTAE SEDIS
Genus Acanthomunna Beddard 1. Acanthomunna proteus Beddard Beddard, 1886: 47-50, pi. 12, figs. 7-14. Nordenstam, 1933: 198. Nierstrasz, 1941: 198. Challenger Sta. 168, 40° 28' S, 177° 43' E, 1,100 fms; Sta. 169, 37° 34' S, 179° 22' E, 700 fms.
Family EURYCOPIDAE
Genus Storthyngura Vanhoffen 1. Storthyngura benti Wolff Wolff, 1956: 112-116, figs. 29-33. Kermadec Trench, Galathea Sta. 651, 32° 10' S, 177° 14' W, 6,960-7,000 m; Sta. 658, 35° 51' S, 178° 31' W, 6,660-6,720 m; Sta. 650, 32° 20' S, 176° 54' W, 6,620 m; Sta. 654, 32° 10' S, 175° 54' W, 5850 m; Sta. 661, 36° 07' S, 178° 32' W, 5,340 m. 2. Storthyngura furcata Wolff
Wolff, 1956: 119-121, figs. 35-36. • Kermadec Trench, Galathea Sta. 658, 35° 51' S, 178° 31' W, 6,660-6,720 m; Sta. 654, 32° 10' S, 175° 54' W, 5,850 m. 3. Storthyngura novae-zelandiae (Beddard) *Beddard, 1886: 61-63, pi. 9, figs. 1-7. Nierstrasz, 1941: 296. Wolff, 1956: 121-123,
fig. 37. Challenger Sta. 168, 40° 28' S, 177° 43' E, 1,100 fms. 4. Storthyngura pulchra (Hansen) Hansen, 1897: 97-100, pi. 1, figs. 1-14. Nierstrasz, 1941: 296. Wolff, 1956: 116-118. Kermadec Trench, Galathea Sta. 650, 32° 20' S, 176° 56' W, 6,620 m.
Genus Eurycope Sars
1. Eurycope galatheae Wolff Wolff, 1956: 136-137, figs. 48-49. Kermadec Trench, Galathea Sta.. 651, 32° 10' S, 177° 14' W, 6,960-7,000 m.
2. Eurycope madseni Wolff Wolff, 1956: 125-127, fig. 39. Kermadec Trench, Galathea Sta. 651, 32° 10' S, 177° 14' W, 6,960-7,000 m
3. Eurycope nodifrons Hansen Hansen, 1916: 140-141, pi. 13, figs. la-d. *Wolff, 1956: 123-125, fig. 38. Kermadec Trench, Galathea Sta. 651, 32° 10' S, 177° 14' W, 6,960-7,000 m.
Family MUNNOPSIDAE
Genus Munnopsis Sars 1. Munnopsis gracilis Beddard Beddard, 1886: 51-52, pi. 14, figs. 9-10. Nierstrasz, 1941; 297. Challenger Sta. 168, 40° 28' S, 177° 43' E, 1,100 fms.
Family ILYARAGHNIDAE
Genus Ilyarachna Sars
1. Ilyarachna antarctica Vanhoffen
*Vanh6ffen, 1914: 591-592, figs. 124 a-b. Nordenstam, 1933: 265-266, figs. 76 a-d. Wolff, 1956: 106-111, figs. 24-28. Kermadec Trench, Galathea Sta. 651, 32° 10' S, 177° 14' W, 6,960-7,000 m; Galathea Sta. 658, 35° 51' S, 178° 31' W, 6,660-6,720 m; Galathea Sta. 664, 36° 34' S, 178° 57' W, 4,510-4,570 m.
Family ISCHNOSOMIDAE Genus Ischnomesus Richardson
1. Ischnomesus bruuni Wolff Wolff, 1956: 91-94, figs. 5-7. Kermadec Trench, Galathea Sta. 651, 32° 10' S, 177° 14' W, 6,960-7,000 m.
2. Ischnomesus sparcki Wolff Wolff, 1956° 94-97, figs. 8-11. Kermadec Trench: Galathea Sta. 651, 32° 10' S, 177° 14' W, 6,960-7,000 m: Galathea Sta. 658, 35° 51' S, 178° 31' W, 6,660-6.720 m.
Tribe VALVIFERA Family ASTACILLIDAE (= ARCTURIDAE)
Genus Astacilla Cordiner 1. Astacilla falclandica (Tattersall) ♦Tattersall, 1921: 244, pi. 10, figs. 1-3. Nordenstam, 1933: 119-122, figs. 28a-c. Nierstrasz, 1941: 256. Hale, 1946: 171-2. Terra Nova Sta. 96, 7 m E of North Cape, 70 fms, bottom fauna.
2. Astacilla fusiformis 2 Hale Hale, 1946: 185-7, fig. 14. Man o' War Bay; Hauraki Gulf.
3. Astacilla levis Thomson & Anderton * Thomson & Anderton, 1921: 114-5, text-fig. •Hurley, 1956: 13-15, figs. 50-66. Cook Strait; Otago Heads.
4. Astacilla tuberculata (Thomson) •Thomson. 1879: 416-7, pi. 19, figs. 1-4. Thomson, 1881: 206, pi. 7, fig. 2. Filhol, 1885: 437. Dunedin Harbour, 4-5 fms.
Genus PSEUDARCTURELLA Tattersall
1. Pseudarcturella chiltoni Tattersall Tattersall, 1921: 245-6, pi. 10, figs. 4-11. Nierstrasz, 1941: 257. Terra Nova Sta. 135, Spirits Bay, nr. North Cape, 3m, tow-net at night.
Genus Antarcturus zur Strassen
1. Antarcturus abyssicolus (Beddard) Beddard, 1886: 98-99, pi. 21, figs. 5-8. Nierstrasz, 1941: 259. Chatham Islands, 1,512 m.
2. Antarcturus my ops (Beddard) Beddard, 1886: 100, pi. 22, figs. 5-8; pi. 25, fig. 8. Challenger Sta. 169. 37° 34' S, 179° 22' E, 700 fathoms.
Family PSEUDIDOTHEIDAE Genus Pseudidothea Ohlin
1. Pseudidothea richardsoni Hurley Hurley, 1957: 15-17, figs. 74-91. Cook Strait.
Family IDOTEIDAE
Genus Zenobiana Stebbing 1. Zenobiana tubicola (Thomson) . Thomson, 1885: 577. Thomson, 1889: 264-5, pi. 14, figs. 5-8. Chilton, 1890: 203-204. Chilton, 1892 a: 265. Nierstrasz, 1941: 265. Auckland; Waipapa Point.
Genus Paridotea Stebbin?
1. Paridotea ungulata (Pallas) Thomson, 1883: 332. Chilton, 1890: 196-198. Stebbing, 1902: 53-55. Nierstrasz, 1917: 113-114, figs. 43-48. Gollinge, 1918: 81-82, pi. 8, figs. 24-25. *Hale, 1924: 221, figs. 9e, f. Nierstrasz, 1941: 267. New Zealand; Chatham Islands; Stewart Island; Auckland; Carnley Harbour, Campbell Island; Otago. "Always green in colour and is found on green seaweed."
Genus Grabyzos Spence Bate 1. Crabyzos elongatus (Miers) Miers, 1876 a: 225. Chilton, 1883 c: 517. Chilton, 1890: 198-199. Hale, 1924: 218. Nierstrasz, 1941: 268. Auckland; Lyttelton; Akaroa; Musgrave Harbour; Port Ross; Carnley Harbour, Auckland Islands; Otago, "brown seaweeds".
Genus Edotia Guerin-Meneville 1. Edotia dilatata Thomson Thomson, 1884: 235, pi. 12, figs. 9-10. Chilton, 1890: 199. Nierstrasz, 1941: 275. Auckland. (Chilton, 1890, considers this the female of Crabzyos elongatus. This seems unlikely.)
Genus Euidotea Collinge 1. Euidotea peronii (Milne Edwards) Chilton, 1890: 199-203 (pt). Chilton, 1906 a: 269. Collinge, 1918: 84-85, pi. 8, figs. 32, 33. *Hale, 1924: 214, fig. 4 e-g. Nierstrasz, 1941: 274. Chatham Islands; Waipapa Point; Moeraki; Otago, rock pools on red seaweed.
2. Euidotea stricta (Dana) Chilton, 1890: 199 (part). Hale, 1924: 214-215, fig. 4 a-d. Cape Campbell; Lyttelton Harbour.
Genus Idotea Fabricius 1. Idotea festiva Chilton Chilton, 1885: 320-321. Chilton, 1890: 192-193. Nierstrasz, 1941: 272. Sumner, near Christchurch, under surface of a boulder at low tide.
2. Idotea marina Miers Miers, 1881: 25. Chilton, 1890: 191-2. Nierstrasz, 1941: 269. Holthuis, 1949: 174-176. New Zealand.
3. Idotea metallica Bosc Miers, 1876: 92. Chilton, 1890: 193-4. Nierstrasz, 1941: 272. New Zealand; Sunday Island; Kermadec Islands. Genus Austridotea Nicholls
1. Austridotea annectans Nicholls Nicholls, 1937: 118-123, figs. l-Ba. Nierstrasz, 1941: 280. Stewart Island.
2. Austridotea benhami Nicholls Chilton, 1891: 131-132. Chilton, 1909: 658. Nicholls, 1937: 123-125, figs. 9-10, 132-135. ' Otago Peninsula; Waitaki (? = Waitati) ; Blueskin Bay.
Genus Notidotea Nicholls
1. Notidotea lacustris (Thomson) Thomson, 1879 c: 251. Chilton, 1890: 194-196. Chilton, 1892 a: 263-5. Nicholls, 1937: 128-131, figs. 11-15; 132-135. Nierstrasz, 1941: 280. Tomahawk Lagoon, near Dunedin; Campbell Island; Ruapuke Island; Port Pegasus, Stewart Island; West Coast Sounds of Otago; Sawyers Bay, Otago Harbour; Swampy Hill, behind Dunedin.
Genus Holognathus Thomson 1. Holognathus stewarti Filhol Filhol, 1885: 492, pi. 53, figs. 8-9. *Thomson, 1904: 67-69, pi. 1. Nierstrasz, 1941: 281. Stewart Island; Timaru; Wanganui.
Tribe FLABELLIFERA Subtribe ANTHURIDEA
Family ANTHURIDAE Genus Mesanthura Barnard
1. Mesanthura maculata (Haswell) *Chilton, 1883: 72-73, pi. 1, fig. 4. Barnard, 1925: 144, fig. 9b. Nierstrasz, 1941:
241. Lyttelton Harbour, on seaweed at low tide.
Genus Leptanthura G. O. Sars 1. Leptanthura chiltoni (Beddard) Beddard, 1886: 143-144. Barnard, 1925: 151. Nierstrasz, 1941: 242. Challenger Sta. 169, 37° 34' S, 179° 22' E, 700 fms.
Genus Paranthura Bate & Westwood 1. Paranthura flagellata (Chilton) Chilton, 1882: 172-173, pi. 8, fig. 2. Barnard, 1925: 155. Nierstrasz, 1941: 252. Lyttelton.
2. Paranthura punctata (Stimpson) Thomson, 1882: 230-231. Chilton, 1906: 705. Barnard: 1925: 154. Nierstrasz, 1941: 252.
Waikare Lake; Mouth of Taieri River, East Coast of Canterbury.
Genus Gruregens Chilton
1. Cruregens fontanus Chilton Chilton, 1882: 175-176, pi. 10, figs. 1-12. Chilton, 1883: 88. *Chilton, 1894:
211-218, pi. 19, figs. 1-22. Barnard, 1925: 157. Nierstrasz: 1941: 252. Eyreton; Leeston; Winchester; S. Canterbury; freshwater wells.
Subtribe CIROLANOIDEA Family LIMNORIIDAE
Genus Limnoria Leach
1. Limnoria (Limnoria) quadripunctata Holthuis Holthuis, 1949: 167-172, fig. 2. Menzies, 1957: 127-133, figs. 10-14. *Menzies, 1959: 25, 33c. • i i tit ii • »T__f— /r> T -Kf \ . D <-„U„11„ (T\ PU \
Auckland, Wellington, Napier (R.J.M.); Portobello (D.E.H.). (Menzies' localities apparently represent the Chilton localities (1917) for L. lignorum. Because of the several very similar species, now known in this genus, to L. lignorum I prefer to omit the earlier N.Z. references to this species although in all likelihood most of the early records refer to L. quadripunctata.)
2. Limnoria (Phycolimnoria) segnis Chilton Chilton, 1883: 76-77, pi. 2, fig. 1. Menzies, 1957: 182-184, fig. 37. *Menzies,
1959: 26, 33d. Lyttelton, Akaroa (R.J.M.); Portobello (D.E.H.). 3. Limnoria (Phycolimnoria) stephenseni Menzies
Stephenson, 1927: 361-362. Menzies, 1957: 189-191, figs. 41-42. *Menzies, 1959: 18, 33d. Auckland Island, in floating " Lessonia ".
Family EURYDIGIDAE Genus Girolana Leach
(This is the common free-swimming New Zealand fish-louse genus.) 1. Cirolana arcuata Hale Hale, 1925: 133-134, fig. 2. Naylor, 1961: 11-14, fig. 4. Chatham Islands. 2. Cirolana australiense Hale
Hale, 1925: 141-3, fig. 7. Naylor, 1961: 14, fig. 5. Chatham Islands.
3. Cirolana canaliculata Tattersall Tattersall, 1921: 207-208, pi. 3, figs. 1-8. Nierstrasz, 1931: 158. Terra Nova Sta. 134, Spirits Bay, near North Cape, 11-20 fms, bottom fauna; Terra Nova Sta. 135, Spirits Bay, plankton, 3 m.
4. Cirolana cookii Filhol Filhol, 1885: 454-5, pi. 53, fig. 7. Nierstrasz, 1931: 158. Cook Strait.
5. Cirolana hirtipes Milne Edwards Filhol, 1885: 455, pi. 53, fig. 6. Nierstrasz, 1931: 158. Cook Strait.
6. Cirolana pellucida Tattersall Tattersall, 1921: 206-207, pi. 2, figs. 4-10. Nierstrasz, 1931: 158. Terra Nova Sta. 86, 129, 130, off Three Kings Island, plankton, surface—3 m. Terra Nova Sta. 133, Spirits Bay, North Cape, plankton, 20 m. 7. Cirolana quadripustulata Hurley Hurley, 1957: 9-10, figs. 25-38. Cook Strait; Palliser Bay. 8. Cirolana rossi Miers
Miers, 1876: 109, pi. 3, fig. 3. *Nierstrasz, 1917: 91-4, figs, 11-17. Nierstrasz, 1931: 158. Port Ross, Coleridge Bay (Garnley Harbour); Auckland Island; Campbell Island; Middle Island; Great Barrier Island; Otago Harbour; Akaroa.
Genus Pseudaega Thomson 1. Pseudaega punctata G. M. Thomson ♦Thomson, 1884: 234, pi. 12, figs. 11-13. Nierstrasz, 1917: 94-97, figs. 18-28. Monod 1930: 140. Nierstrasz, 1931: 158. Ocean Beach, Dunedin; New Brighton (near Christchurch) ; sandy beaches between tidemarks.
Genus Metacerolana Nierstrasz 1. Metacirolana japonica (Hansen) Hansen 1890: 349-351, pi. 4, figs. 2-21. *Tattersall, 1921: 208-209, pi. 2, figs. 11-16. Monod, 1930: 142-143. Nierstrasz, 1931: 162. Terra Nova Sta. 77, 89, 92, 107, 109, 110, 111, 122, 128, 129, 130, 139, 141, 142, near Three Kings Island between 34° 4'-34°58' S, 170° 45' E-172° 18' E, plankton, 0-3 m.
Genus Eurydice Leach 1. Eurydice subtruncata Tattersall Tattersall, 1921: 209-210, pi. 3, figs. 9-17. Nierstrasz, 1931: 148.
Terra Nova Sta. 84, 85, 86, 89, 92, 93, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 118, 120, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 139, 141 near Three Kings Island, 35° 4' S-34° 38' S, 171° 19-172° 20' E, plankton, 0-3 m. Terra Nova Sta. 133, 135, 136, Spirits Bay, North Cape, plankton, surface.
Family AEGIDAE Genus Aega Leach
1. Aega maorum Filhol Filhol, 1885: 452-3, pi. 54, figs. 2-3. Nierstrasz, 1931: 183. Cook Strait; Otago.
2. Aega novi-zealandiae Dana Dana, 1853: 767, pi. 51, figs. 2a-c. *Tattersall, 1921: 213-214, pi. 4, figs. 11-14. Nierstrasz, 1931: 782. New Zealand; Otago; Terra Nova Sta. 96, 7 mi. E of North Cape, 70 fms. bottom fauna. Genus Roginela Leach
1. Rocinela garricki Hurley Hurley, 1957: 11-13, figs. 39-49. Cook Strait.
2. Rocinela orientalis Schiodte & Meinert Chilton, 1911 b: 567. Hale, 1925: 182-184, fig. 27. Nierstrasz, 1931: 184. Sunday Island, Kermadec Islands.
Family GYMOTHOIDAE
(Parasitic and free-swimming fish lice.) Genus Nerogila Leach
1. Nerocila orbignyi (Guerin) Miers, 1876: 107. Schiodte & Meinert, 1881: 70, pi. 5, fig. 10-11. Filhol, 1885: 451-2. Chilton, 1911 b: 568. *Hale, 1926: 206-208, figs. 4-5. Nierstrasz, 1931: 125 Hale, 1940: 301. Oamaru; Cook Strait; Stewart Island; Sunday Island, Kermadec Islands; Otago. Genus Livoneca Leach
1. Livoneca raynaudii Milne Edwards Miers, 1876: 106, pi. 3, fig. 2. Filhol, 1885: 450-1, pi. 45, fig. 6. Chilton, 1911: 309-310. Chilton, 1912: 135. *Hale, 1926: 215-217, fig. 10. Nierstrasz, 1931: 145. New Zealand. Otago, on flounders and ling; " Stomachs of red cod and Smoothhound (Mustelus) "; Stewart Island; Antipodes Island, "on Notothenia colbecki" ; Norfolk Island.
Genus Codonophilus Haswell 3 1. Codonophilus imbricatus (Fabricius) Miers, 1876: 105. Thomson, 1879 a: 233. Filhol, 1885: 446-449, pis. 49, fig. 1; 55, fig. 7. Chilton, 1911 b: 567. *Hale, 1926: 223-226, figs. 15-16. Nierstrasz, 1931: 131. New Zealand; Sunday Island, Kermadec Islands; Campbell Island; Otago Harbour.
2. Codonophilus lineatus (Miers) Miers, 1876 a: 227. Miers, 1876: 105-106, pi. 3, fig. 1. Filhol, 1885: 448. Thomson, 1889: 263. Nierstrasz, 1931: 132. New Zealand.
Family SEROLIDAE
Genus Serolis Leach 1. Serolis bromleyana Suhm Beddard, 1884: 331. *Beddard, 1884 a: 53-57, pi. 4. Beddard, 1885: 389, 390. Sheppard, 1933: 329-330, 280. Hurley, 1957: 13. Hurley, 1961: 228, pi. 1. Challenger Sta. 168, 40° 28' S, 177° 43' E, 1100 fms.; Sta. 169, 37° 34' S, 179° 22' E, 700 fms.; Cook Strait (Hurley, 1957); Chatham Rise (Hurley, 1961).
2. Serolis latifrons White Miers, 1876: 117, pi. 3, fig. 3. Beddard, 1884 a: 31, 44. Sheppard, 1933: 265, 278,
284. Rendezvous Gove, Auckland Islands.
3. Serolis paradoxa (Fabricius)
Miers, 1876: 116-117. Beddard, 1884 a: 33, pi. 5, figs. 12-14; 80. Beddard, 1885: 389, 390. Sheppard, 1933: 265, 278, 285-6. ? New Zealand.
4. Serolis schythei Liitken Beddard, 1884 a: 44, pi. 12, figs. 5-13. Beddard, 1885: 389, 390. *Sheppard, 1933: 265, 278, 286-289, figs. 2b, c; 4a, b; pi. 14, fig. 1. ? New Zealand.
Family PLAKARTHRIIDAE 4 Genus Plakarthrium Chilton
1. Plakarthrium typicum Chilton Chilton, 1883: 74-76, pi. 1, figs. sa-sk. Tattersall, 1921: 215-216. Nierstrasz, 1931: 192. Lyttelton; Terra Nova Sta. 135, Spirits Bay, North Gape, plankton.
Family SPHAEROMIDAE Group Hemibranchiatae Genus Sphaeroma Bosc 1. Sphaeroma quoyanum Milne Edwards
Dana, 1853: 779. Miers, 1876: 111. Chilton, 1912: 134. Nierstrasz, 1917: 105-106, fig. 38-39. Chilton, 1919: 11-15. *Hale, 1929: 273-4, figs. 270-1. Nierstrasz, 1931: 192. Hurley, 1956: 717. Auckland (Hobson's Bay); Bay of Islands; Kenepuru Sound; Queen Charlotte Sound; Hawke's Bay; mud-flats, Wanganui; Rangitoto Channel, Narrow Neck, Auckland Harbour; Wairoa; Hutt River; burrowing in sandstone or wood, frequently in brackish water.
2. Sphaeroma obtusum Dana Dana, 1853: 779, pi. 52, sa, sb. Miers, 1876: 112. Nierstrasz, 1931: 192. Bay of Islands; ? Lyttelton; Campbell Island.
Genus Exosphaeroma (Stebbing)
1. Exosphaeroma chilensis (Dana) Dana, 1853: 777, pi. 52, fig. 3a-c. Chilton, 1911: 310-311. Chilton, 1912: 135. Nierstrasz, 1931: 194. Naylor, 1961: 8-9, fig. lb.
Auckland; Chatham Islands. 2. Exosphaeroma falcatum Tatter sail Tattersall, 1921: 216-7, pi. 5, figs. 1-8. Nierstrasz, 1931: 194. Terra Nova Sta. 133, Spirits Bay, North Gape, plankton. O T? 1 • /T 1- \
3. Lxosphaeroma gigas (Leach) Dana, 1853: 775. Stebbing, 1900: 553-558, pi. 39. Chilton, 1909: 652-3. Tattersall, 1921: 216. Nierstrasz, 1931: 194. *Barnard, 1940: 413, figs. 13 a-f. Naylor, 1961: 8, fig. la. Auckland Islands; Chatham Islands; Otago; Terra Nova Sta. 133, 135, 136, Spirits Bay, near North Cape.
4. Exosphaeroma lanceolatum (White) Stebbing, 1900: 554-555. Monod, 1931: 23, fig. 16 f-g. Nierstrasz, 1931: 195 Paterson Bay, Stewart Island; Perseverance Harbour, Campbell Island.
3. Jtixospnaeroma sp. Barnard, 1940: 416-417, figs. 13 g-k. Dunedin Harbour; Carnley Harbour, Auckland Island. Genus Isocladus Miers
1. Isocladus armatus (Milne Edwards) 12 Dana, 1853: 780. Nierstrasz, 1917: 108. *Tattersall, 1921: 217-219, pi. 5, figs. 9-17. Nierstrasz, 1931: 196. Monod, 1931: 23-24, fig. 16c. Naylor, 1961: 9-11, fig. 2e-g. Sandy pool between tidemarks, Motorua, Bay of Islands; Auckland: Chatham Islands.
2. Isocladus magellanicus Richardson Stephensen, 1927: 363-4, fig. 26a. Nierstrasz, 1931: 197. Auckland Island, Garnley Harbour.
3. Isocladus spiniger (Dana) 12 Dana, 1853: 781. Miers, 1876: 113, pi. 3, figs. 4,4 a, 4b. Nierstrasz, 1931: 197. Naylor, 1961: 9, fig. 2a-d. Bay of Islands; Lyttelton; Chatham Islands; Otago. Genus Gymodoce Leach
1. Cymodoce australis Hodgson •Hodgson, 1902: 245-246, pis. 33, fig. 3; 34, fig. 3. Tattersall, 1921: 220-221. Stephensen, 1927; 366-368, figs. 27-28. Monod, 1931: 24. Carnley Harbour, Auckland Island Perseverance Harbour, Campbell Island.
2. Cymodoce bituberculata Filhol Filhol, 1885: 457, pi. 55, fig. 2. *Tattersall, 1921: 221-2, pi. 6, figs. 9-16. Nierstrasz, 1931: 201. Cook Strait; Stewart Island; Terra Nova Sta. 133, 135, 136, Spirits Bay, near North Gape, plankton.
3. Cymodoce convexa Miers Miers, 1876: 114-115, pi. 3, fig. 6. Miers, 1876 a: 229. Nierstrasz, 1931: 201. New Zealand.
4. Cymodoce cordiforaminalis Chilton Chilton, 1883 b: 188-9, pi. 22a, fig. 1. Lyttelton Harbour.
5. Cymodoce granulata Miers *Miers, 1876: 114, pi. 3, fig. 5. Miers, 1876 a: 229. Filhol, 1885: 457, pi. 55, fig. 4. Nierstrasz, 1931: 201. Stewart Island: New Zealand.
ulcwchi. lwanu, new i>c<xi<a.nvi. 6. Cymodoce hodgsoni Tattersall Tattersall, 1921: 219-221, pi. 6, figs. 1-8. Nierstrasz, 1931: 201. Terra Nova Sta. 96, 7 mi. E of North Gape, bottom fauna, 70 fms.
Genus Ciligaea Leach 1. Cilicaea canaliculata (Thomson) Thomson, 1879 a: 234-5, pi. 10, fig. A 7. Chilton, 1911 b: 568. Nierstrasz, 1931: 206. Dunedin; Lyttelton; Molyneux Bay; Middle Island; Mayor Island, Kermadec Islands.
2. Cilicaea latreillei Leach Miers, 1884: 308-309. Stebbing, 1905: 36-39, pis. 38, 8. *Nierstrasz, 1931: 204-5, figs. 92-96. New Zealand.
Genus Pseudosphaeroma Chilton 1. Pseudosphaeroma campbellensis Chilton ♦Chilton, 1909: 654-7, figs. 15-16. Stephensen, 1927: 368, fig. 26b. Monod, 1931:
25, figs. 16d-e, 17. Nierstrasz, 1931: 211. Perseverance Harbour, Campbell Island, "mouth of a small fresh-water stream" Auckland Islands; Paterson Bay, Stewart Island.
Group EUBRANCHIATAE Genus Dynamenella Huttcn
1. Dynamenella huttoni (Thomson) Thomson, 1879 a: 234, pi. 10, fig. A 6. Chilton, 1905: 272. Chilton, 1909: 657. Chilton, 1911 b: 568. Stephensen, 1927: 368-9. Monod, 1931: 25. Nierstrasz, 1931: 212. Naylor, 1961: 11, fig. 3a-g. Dunedin; Timaru; Lyttelton; Antipodes Islands; Kermadec Islands; Chatham Island; Carnley Harbour, Adams Island, Auckland Islands; Perseverance Harbour, Campbell Island. Stones at low tide.
unjiita <xt iv»w nut. Genus Cymodogella Pfeffer 1. Cymodocella tubicauda Pfeffer Chilton, 1892 a: 269. Hodgson, 1902: 243. Hodgson, 1910: 31-34. Nierstrasz, 1931:
214. Monod, 1931: 25. Akaroa; Auckland Islands.
Genus Sgutuloidea Chilton 1. Scutuloidea maculata Chilton Chilton, 1883: 70, pi. 1, fig. 1. Nierstrasz, 1931: 214. Timaru, among seaweed at the north side of the breakwater; Lyttelton.
Genus Amphoroidea Milne Edwards 1. Amphoroidea falcifer Thomson Thomson, 1879 a: 233-234, pi. 10, fig. A 5. Nierstrasz, 1931: 214. Kaikoura Harbour; Stewart Island; Dunedin, dredged and trawled; Lyttelton.
Group PLATYBRANCHIATAE
Genus Paravireia Chilton 1. Paravireia typica Chilton Chilton, 1925: 322-324, pis. 45-47. Nierstrasz, 1931: 219. Waipurua Greek, Chatham Islands, " probably a brackish or freshwater form
Genus Gassidina M. Edwards 1. Gassidina typa H. Milne Edwards ♦Milne Edwards, 1840: 224, pi. 32, figs. 10-16. *Thomson, 1889: 264, pi. 14, figs. 1-4. Hansen, 1905: 129-131, pi. 7, fig. 6. Nierstrasz, 1917: 109, fig. 41. Tattersall, 1921: 226-227. Nierstrasz, 1931: 219. Hurley, 1957: 13. Akaroa; Bay of Islands, on kelp from 10 fms; Blueskin Bay, Otago, from 10 fms; Cook Strait; Otago, creeping on seaweed; Terra Nova Sta. 134, Spirits Bay, near North Cape, 11-20 fms, bottom fauna.
Tribe EPICARIDEA Family BOPYRIDAE Genus Athelges Hesse
1. Athelges lacertosi Pike Pike, 1961: 221-223, Fig. 1. Petre Bay, Chatham Islands. Host: Pagurus lacertosus (Henderson).
Tribe PHREATOICOIDEA Family PHREATOICIDAE
Genus Neophreatoicus Nicholls ■ 1. Neophreatoicus assimilis (Chilton) Chilton, 1884 a: 89. Chilton: 1894: 186-196, pis. 16-17. *Nicholls, 1944: 17-21, fig. 37. Winchester, South Canterbury; Temuka.
Genus Notamphisopus Nicholls 1. Notamphisopus benhami Nicholls Nicholls, 1944: 44-49, figs. 45-46. Horseshoe Bay, Stewart Island.
2. Notamphisopus dunedinensis (Chilton) Chilton, 1906 c: 275. Nicholls, 1944: 55-60, figs. 49-50. Mosgiel and Woodhaugh, Dunedin; Pyramid Creek, Otago (D.E.H.).
3. Notamphisopus flavius Nicholls Nicholls, 1944: 39-44, figs. 43-44. Lumsden; backwaters of Oreti River.
4. Notamphisopus kirkii (Chilton) Chilton, 1906 c: 274-275. Nicholls, 1944: 49-52, fig. 47. Ruapuke Island, Foveaux Strait.
5. Notamphisopus littoralis Nicholls Nicholls, 1944: 31-39, figs. 41-42. Pounawea Reserve near Catlins Estuary.
6. Notamphisopus percevali Nicholls Nicholls, 1944: 52-54, fig. 48. Drummond, Southland, ? Redfern, Otautau; ? Creek, Otatava Rd (? = Otatara), Invercargill. ' *
Genus Phreatoigus Chilton 1. Phreatoicus orarii Nicholls Nicholls, 1944: 9-16, figs. 35-36. Orari Valley, S. Canterbury.
2. Phreatoicus typicus Chilton Chilton, 1883 a: 89-92, pi. 4. •Chilton,- 1894: 196-200, pi. 18, figs. 1-12. Nicholls, 1944: 5-8. ~ .... . Eyreton.
Tribe ONISGOIDEA Family TYLIDAE
Genus Tylos Latreille 1. Tylos neozelanicus Chilton *Chilton, 1901: 120-121, pi. 13, fig. 2. Chilton, 1910 a: 288. Jackson, 1941: 9. Hurley, 1950: 120, figs. 9, 13. Lyall Bay, Wellington, " under tussocks on beach ".
Family LIGIIDAE Genus Ligia Fabricius 1. Ligia exotica Roux Van Name, 1936: 48-50, fig. 8. Jackson, 1941: 6-7. Hurley, 1950: 120. New Zealand.
2. Ligia novae-zealandiae Dana Dana, 1853: 739, pi. 49, fig. 2. Thomson, 1879 a: 292, pi. 10A, fig. 3. *Chilton, 1901: 107-114, pi. 11, fig. 1. Jackson, 1941: 6-7. Hurley, 1950: 120. Anderson, 1960: 541, fig. 2 a-g. Kermadec Islands; Stewart Island; New Zealand; Otago, under stones on rocky beaches.
Family STYLONISGIDAE
Genus Stylonisgus Dana ... :• . 1. Styloniscus 6 (?) kermadecensis (Chilton) Chilton, 1911 b: 569-570, fig. 3. Jackson, 1941: 8. Hurley, 1950: 121. Vandel, 1952: 17. Hurley, 1958: 8. Sunday Island, Kermadec Islands.
2. Styloniscus magellanicus Dana Dana, 1853: 736-737, pi. 48, fig. 7. Chilton, 1909: 661. Jackson, 1941: 8. Hurley, 1950: 121. *Vandel, 1952: 18-24, figs. 4, 7-14. Hurley, 1958: 8. Anderson, 1960: 548, fig. 4g-l. Green, 1961: 268-269. Auckland Islands; Campbell Island.
3. Styloniscus otakensis (Chilton) ♦Chilton, 1901: 117-118, pi. 12, fig. 2. Stephensen, 1927: 370-371, fig. 29. Jackson, 1941: 8. Hurley, 1950: 120. Vandel, 1952: 42-47, figs. 35-39. Hurley, 1958: 8. Omaio (East Coast, North Island); South Island; Chatham Islands; Auckland Islands, under wood or stones; Amokura Harbour, Auckland Islands, "in the forest under wood".
4. Styloniscus phormianus (Chilton) *Ghilton, 1901: 115-117, pi. 12, fig. 1. Jackson, 1941: 8. Hurley, 1950: 121. Vandel, 1952: 45-51, figs. 40-44. Hurley, 1958: 8. Green, 1961: 273-274, figs. 18-19. Canterbury, often on dead, decaying flax leaves; Kenepuru; Dunedin; Greymouth; Tolaga Bay & Potaka (East Coast, North Island).
5. Styloniscus thomsoni (Chilton) Chilton, 1885 a: 576. Chilton, 1886: 159-161, pi. 5. *Chilton, 1901: 118, pi. 13, fig. 1. Stephensen, 1927: 371. Jackson, 1941: 8. Hurley, 1950: 121. Vandel, 1952: 36-42, figs. 29-34. Hurley, 1958: 8. Green, 1961: 271-273, figs. 15-17. Rai Valley, Nelson; Auckland Islands, "under wood and stones"; Spar Bush, Southland.
Genus Notonisgus Chilton
1. Notoniscus australis (Chilton) Chilton, 1909: 662-664, fig. 17. *Chilton, 1915 a: 421-424, pi. 36, figs, 9-16; pi. 37, figs. 17-22. Jackson, 1941: 9. Hurley, 1950: 120, fig. 24. Hurley, 1958: 8. Green, 1961: 287-289, figs. 52-56. Campbell Island, "on decaying wood and at roots of plants".
2. Notoniscus helmsii (Chilton) Chilton, 1901: 119-120, pi. 12, fig. 3. Chilton, 1910 a: 286. *Chilton, 1915: 418421, pi. 36, figs. 1-8. Jackson, 1941: 8. Hurley, 1950: 120, fig. 25. Vandel, 1952: 75-80, figs. 60-65. Hurley, 1958: 8. Greymouth; Rakaia Gorge, Canterbury; Mt. Dick, near Kingston. Family TRICHONISCIDAE Genus Trighonisgus Brandt
i. Trichoniscus 7 (?) commensalis Chilton Chilton, 1910: 191. Jackson, 1941: 8. Hurley: 1950: 121. Vandel, 1952: 17 Hurley, 1958: 8. New Plymouth; North Island "and wider", from ants' nests.
Family SGYPHAGIDAE Genus Actaecia Dana
1. Actaecia euchroa Dana Dana, 1853: 735-736, pi. 48, fig. 6. *Chilton, 1901: 130-132, pi. 15, fig. 3. Jackson 1941: 10. Hurley, 1950: 121, figs. 4, 29. Green, 1961: 295-301, figs. 75-90. Sandy beaches, New Zealand; Otago; "when disturbed it rolls itself up into a ball".
2. Actaecia opihensis Chilton * Chilton, 1901: 128-129, pi. 14, fig. 1. Jackson, 1941: 10. Hurley, 1950: 121, fig. 21. 121, fig. 19. Timaru Beach, under seaweed at highwater mark; Quail Island, Lyttelton Harbour.
Genus Scyphoniscus Chilton
1. Scyphoniscus magnus Chilton Chilton, 1909: 665-666, fig. 18. Jackson, 1941: 10. Hurley, 1950: 121. Perseverance Harbour, Campbell Island, "abundant on shore about highwater mark"; Ewing Island, Auckland Islands.
2. Scyphoniscus waitatensis Chilton *Chilton, 1901: 128-129, pi. 14, fig. 1. Jackson, 1941: 10. Hurley, 1950: 121, fig. 21. Blueskin Bay, Otago, under seaweed at highwater mark; Waitati; Heathcote Estuary; Anita Bay, Milford Sound.
Genus Sgyphax Dana
1. Scyphax ornatus Dana Dana, 1853: 734-736, pi. 48, fig. 5. *Chilton, 1901: 123-126, pi. 14, fig. 2; pi. 15, fig. 1. Jackson, 1941: 9. Hurley, 1950: 121, fig. 23. Sandy shores, North Island; Westport.
Genus Deto Guerin 1. Deto aucklandiae (Thomson) Thomson, 1879 b: 249-250. Chilton, 1901: 126-127, pi. 15, fig. 2. Chilton, 1909: 666-668, fig. 19. *Chilton, 1915: 445-449, pi. 39, figs. 24-30; pi. 40, figs. 31-44. Jackson, 1941: 9. Hurley, 1950: 121, fig. 26. Ewing Island, Auckland Islands; Amokura Harbour, Auckland Islands, "under stones on shore ".
2. Deto bucculenta (Nicolet) Filhol, 1885: 441-442, pi. 54, figs. 7-8. *Chilton, 1915: 449-452, pi. 40, figs. 45-59. Jackson, 1941: 10. Hurley, 1950: 121. Wellington; Chatham Island; Stewart Island.
Family ONISGIDAE Genus Oniscus Linnaeus
i. Oniscus 8 cookii Filhol Filhol, 1885: 442, pi. 54, fig. 6. Chilton, 1901: 136. Jackson, 1941: 13. West Coast, South Island.
Genus Porcellio Latr.
1. Porcellio scaber Latr. Chilton, 1901: 139-140. *Van Name, 1936: 226-229, figs. 127 A, 128, 2, 3. Jackson, 1941: 14. Hurley, 1950: 122, fig. 15. Throughout New Zealand around buildings, gardens, greenhouses, rarely in native bush. This is the most common of the "common" woodlice or "slaters". Cosmopolitan; introduced into New Zealand.
Genus Porcellionides Miers 1. Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt) Chilton, 1906 a: 64-65. Chilton, 1911 b: 571. *Van Name, 1936: 238-240, figs. 1278, 133, 134 A. Jackson, 1941: 14. Hurley, 1950: 122. Norfolk Island; Tidal lagoon, Hawke's Bay; Wellington; Sunday Island, Kermadec Islands. This is another of the now cosmopolitan exotic species.
Genus Phalloniscus Budde-Lund 1. Phalloniscus armatus Bowley Bowley, 1935: 56-57, pi. 8, figs. 19-24. Hurley, 1950: 122. Canterbury.
2. Phalloniscus chiltoni Bowley Chilton, 1909: 663. Stephensen, 1927: 372. Bowley, 1935: 51-54, pi. 7, figs. 1-12. Hurley, 1950: 122. Auckland Islands; Adam's Island, Amokura Harbour, "under wood and stones", " under wood in the forest ".
3. Phalloniscus kenepurensis (Chilton) ♦Chilton, 1901: 135, pi. 16, fig. 3. Bowley, 1935: 54-56, pi. 6, figs. 1-12. Jackson, 1941: 13. Hurley, 1950: 122. Kenepuru; Stephens Island.
4. Phalloniscus punctatus (Thomson) Thomson, 1879 a: 232, pi. 10a, fig. 3. Chilton, 1901: 133-135, pi. 16, fig. 2. Monod, 1931: 27-28, figs. 20-24. *Bowley, 1935: 54, pi. 5, figs. 20-24. Jackson, 1941: 13. Hurley, 1950: 122. Dunedin; New Zealand; Chatham Islands.
Genus Philosgia Latreille 1. Philoscia brevicornis Budde-Lund
Budde-Lund, 1912: 374. Jackson, 1941: 12. Hurley, 1950: 124. Auckland.
2. Philoscia fragilis (Budde-Lund) Chilton, 1901: 136-138 (part). Budde-Lund, 1904: 43, pi. 6, figs. 5-6. Jackson, 1941: 12. Hurley, 1950: 124. Auckland; Howick.
3. Philoscia novae-zelandiae Filhol Filhol, 1855: 444, pi. 54, figs. 1, 4. Chilton, 1901: 138. Jackson, 1941: 11. Hurley, 1950: 124. Wellington; Dunedin; Stewart Island.
4. Philoscia oliveri Chilton Chilton, 1911 b: 570, fig. 4. Jackson, 1941: 11. Hurley, 1950: 124. Sunday Island, Kermadec Islands.
5. Philoscia pubescens (Dana) Dana, 1853: 730, pi. 48, fig. 2. Chilton, 1901: 136-138 (part). Jackson, 1941: 11. Hurley, 1950: 124. Auckland; North Island.
Genus Armadillidium Brandt
1. Armadillidium vulgare (Latr.) Chilton, 1901: 142-143. *Van Name, 1936: 276-279, figs. 157-159. Jackson, 1941: 23. Hurley, 1950: 124, figs. 10, 27. Mt Egmont; Nelson. An exotic "cosmopolitan" species found especially around dwellings and gardens.
Genus Spherillo Dana 1. Spherillo ambitiosus Budde-Lund Thomson, 1889: 266. *Chilton, 1901: 144-145, pi. 16, fig. 5. Budde-Lund, 1904: 63. Chilton, 1910 a: 289. Jackson, 1941: 20. Hurley, 1950: 127, fig. 11. Greymouth; North Island; Kenepuru; South Island down West Coast to Daggs Sound; Nelson.
2. Spherillo bipunctatus Budde-Lund Budde-Lund, 1904: 62. Chilton, 1910 a: 289. Jackson, 1941: 20. Hurley, 1950: 126. Lyttelton.
3. Spherillo brevis (Budde-Lund) Budde-Lund, 1904: 62. Chilton, 1910 a: 289. Jackson, 1941: 20. Hurley, 1950: 119. Auckland.
4. Spherillo danae Heller Heller, 1865: 134. Chilton, 1901: 145. Budde-Lund, 1904: 94. Chilton, 1910 a: 290. Hurley, 1950: 126. New Plymouth; Kapiti; Takapuna; Bay of Islands; Stewart Island; South Island.
5. Spherillo hamiltoni (Chilton) Thomson, 1893: 225-227, pi. 4. Chilton, 1901: 148-149. Jackson, 1941: 20. Hurley, 1950: 124. "Among dead leaves, etc.", Petane, near Napier.
6. Spherillo macmahoni (Chilton) Chilton, 1901: 149-150, pi. 16, fig. 8. Jackson, 1941: 21. Hurley, 1950: 126. Kenepuru, Marlborough; New Plymouth.
7. Spherillo marginatus Budde-Lund Budde-Lund, 1904: 65. Chilton, 1910 a: 289. Jackson, 1941: 21. Hurley, 1950: 127. Auckland.
8. Spherillo monolinus Dana Dana, 1853: 719-720, pi. 47, fig. 3. Chilton, 1901: 148. Budde-Lund, 1904: 69. Chilton, 1910 a: 290. Jackson, 1941: 21. Hurley, 1950: 126. Bay of Islands.
9. Spherillo rufomarginatus Budde-Lund Budde-Lund, 1904: 64, pi. 7, figs. 34-36. Chilton, 1910 a: 289. Jackson, 1941: 122. Hurley, 1950: 127. Taranga (? Tauranga).
10. Spherillo rugulosus (Miers) Chilton, 1883: 73. *Chilton, 1901: 147-148, pi. 16, fig. 7. Budde-Lund, 1904: 65. Chilton, 1910 a: 290. Jackson, 1941: 22. Hurley, 1950: 126, fig. 28. Auckland Islands; Adam's Island, "under wood"; Port Ross, Carnley Harbour, "under logs"; Disappointment Island; Campbell Islands; South Island.
11. Spherillo setaceus Budde-Lund Budde-Lund, 1904: 89. Chilton, 1910 a: 290. Jackson, 1941: 22. Hurley, 1950: 126. Auckland.
12. Spherillo speciosus (Dana) Dana, 1853: 718-719, pi. 47, figs. 2a-d. *Chilton, 1901: 146-147, pi. 16, fig. 6. Chilton, 1910 a: 290. Jackson, 1941: 122. Hurley, 1950: 126. Chatham Islands; Bay of Islands.
13. Spherillo spinosus Dana Dana, 1853: 723, pi. 47, fig. 6. Chilton, 1901: 150. Chilton, 1910a:' 289. Jackson, 1941: 23. Near Bay of Islands, under bark of trees.
14. Spherillo squamatus (Budde-Lund) Budde-Lund, 1904: 61. Chilton, 1910 a: 289. Jackson, 1941: 61. Hurley, 1950: 126. Lyttelton.
15. Spherillo tarangensis Budde-Lund Budde-Lund, 1904: 67, pi. 8, fig. 9. Chilton, 1910 a: 290. Jackson, 1941: 22. Hurley, 1950: 126. Taranga (? Tauranga) ; Lyttelton.
Genus Gubaris Brandt
1. Cubaris 9 milleri Chilton *Chilton, 1917: 327-329, pi. 13. Jackson, 1941: 16. Hurley, 1950: 126, fig. 6. Levin.
2. Cubaris 10 suteri Chilton *Chilton, 1915: 425-426, pi, pi. 37, figs. 24-38. Jackson, 1941: 17. Hurley, 1950: 126, fig. 3. - Henderson, Auckland.
Genus Merulana Budde-Lund
1. Merulana canaliculars (Budde-Lund) Budde-Lund, 1904: 74. Chilton, 1910 a: 290. Jackson, 1941: 18. Hurley, 1950: 126. Chatham Islands.
2. Merulana chathamensis (Budde-Lund) Chilton, 1901: 146. Budde-Lund, 1904: 75. Jackson, 1941: 18. Hurley, 1950: 126:
fig. 20. Chatham Islands.
KEY TO NEW ZEALAND SPECIES OF ISOPODA
The most recent classification divides the Isopoda into two suborders—the Gnathiidea and the Tetracera (or Qua.tuor Decapoda). With the exception of the Gnathiidea, then, in the following key all of the divisions have the rank of " Tribe ". Alternative names for these are given in brackets.
Major Divisions of Isopoda 1. Uropods hinged to sides of last pleon segment (telson) 2 Uropods styliform (cylindrical), not forming tail fan with telson but hinged to or near end of telson segment or absent 4
2. Uropods and telson together forming a tail fan. Pleopods for the most part of the swimming type 3 Uropods not forming a tail fan with the last segment but modified as a pair of covers folding under the abdomen and enclosing the pleopods Valvifera (Idoteoidea)
3. Adult with 5 free thoracic segments and only 5 pairs (2nd-6th) of normal legs, Ist leg modified, 7th absent. Juvenile stage ("praniza" larva) parasitic on fish Gnathiidea Adult stage has 7 free thoracic segments and usually 7 pairs of legs Flabellifera (Cymothoidea)
4. Aquatic species. Pleopods not modified for airbreathing 5 Terrestrial, inland and littoral species, especially leafmould dwellers. Pleopods modified for airbreathing Onisgoidea
5. Pleopods generally covered by a thin opercular plate (the modified first pair of pleopods) Asellota (Aselloidea) Pleopods never covered by an operculum 6
6. Body more or less depressed (flattened from above as though trodden on). Species parasitic on other Crustacea but with free-swimming larval forms. Marine Epicaridea (Bopyridea) Body more or less compressed (squashed sideways or amphipod-like). Free-living freshwater species Phreatoicoidea
S.O. GNATHIIDEA
Key to New Zealand Genera and Species of S.O. Gnathiidea (Adult Males —Where Known)
1. Body in general shape oval; eyes large and occupying most of side of head; appendages of 2nd segment of body (pylopods) of 4 or 5 segments, slender and cylindrical Thaumastognathia diceros Body in general shape subrectangular; eyes small, by no means occupying most of side of head; appendages of 2nd segment of body of 2 or 3 segments, Ist segment operculate, 2nd small 2
2. Head and first 3 body segments strongly covered with ■'■- tubercles; front of head produced in short wide rostrum between mandibles; mandibles not toothed; 4th free segment of body (seg. 6) much longer than 3rd; anterior corners of head produced in long sharp lobes in front of eyes Gnathic polythrix Characters not combined as above 3
3. Anterior corners of free body segments 1-3 (segs. 3—5) smooth; inner margin of posteriorly produced corners of free body segment 5 (seg. 7) smooth 4 Anterior corners of free body segments 1-3 strongly tuberculate or jagged; inner margin of posteriorly produced hind corners of free body segment 5 (seg. 7) jagged; 3rd leg tuberculate; antenna 2 peduncle, first 2 segments tuberculate Gnathia regalis
4. Peraeopods strongly tuberculate; anterior corners of head and spine processes along front of head above mandibles obtuse, not strongly produced Gnathia akaroensis Peraeopods not or only slightly (pr. 3) tuberculate; anterior corners of head and anterior processes quite well developed, acute Gnathia pacifica
Key to Females of New Zealand Species of Gnathiidea (Where Known)
1. Anterior corners of head in front of eyes welldeveloped into supraocular lobes; antenna 1 and 2 last segment of peduncle relatively short and stout Gnathia akaroensis Supraocular lobes poorly developed; antenna 1 and 2, last segment of peduncle relatively slender and long Gnathia regalis
Key to Praniza Larvae of New Zealand Species of Gnathiidea (Where Known)
1. Telson broadly rounded, slightly nicked between the 2 terminal setae Gnathia brachyuropus Telson sharply narrowed to acute apex 2
2. Side margins of telson noticeably toothed in middle Gnathia akaroensis Side margins of telson not or only slightly toothed 3
3. Sides of head evenly convex; uropod rami have smooth outer margins except near ends Gnathia regalis Sides of head not evenly convex, tending to be subrectangular but widest posteriorly; uropod rami have outer margins obscurely toothed throughout their length Gnathia polythrix
Tribe ASELLOTA
Key to Subtribes of Tribe Asellota
1. Male, first pair of pleopods coupled along midline, consisting of an elaborate sympod without rami; second pair coupled with first pair. Female, first pair of pleopods missing; second fused along midline to form large operculum covering rest of pleopods Paraselloidea Male, first pair of pleopods consisting of short sympod and short ramus, neither coupled with second pair. Female, first pair of pleopods small, not covering completely the remaining pleopods 2
2. Male first pleopods, sympods free. Female, first pair of pleopods with sympod and a single ramus Aselloidea Male first pleopods, sympods fused. Female, first pair of pleopods fused to form a small operculum Stenetrioidea (one species, Stenetrium fractum)
Key to N.Z. Families of the Subtribe Paraselloidea
1. None of legs modified for swimming 4 Some of legs modified for swimming 2
2. Only legs 5-6 paddle-like, 7th a simple walking leg Ilyarachnidae Legs 5-7 inclusive paddle-like 3
3. Legs 5-7 without 7th segment Munnopsidae
(one species, Munnopsis gracilis) Legs 5-7 with 7th segment Eurycopidae
4. Body covered with short slender spines; eyes elevated on stalks; mandible palp present; pleotelson spined, oval and very convex anteriorly, ends in truncated widened portion with crescentic posterior margin; the whole pleon hav- Acanthomunna ing the appearance of an inverted thistle-head (Family uncertain) Not as above 5
5. Uropods with peduncle 6 Uropods without peduncle Munnidae
6. Body (peraeon) segments 4-5 elongated, twice as long as wide ...... _ ; Ischnosomidae Body segments all of similar width, none twice as long as wide, most wider than long 7
7. Maxilliped palp, segments narrow and similar, all less than half width of endite 8 Maxilliped palp, last 2 segments narrow, others twice as wide at least, about as wide as endite laniridae
8. Mandible, molar process reduced, pointed, without grinding end Jaeropsidae Mandible, molar process normal, strong, truncated at toothed grinding surface Antiasidae
Key to N.Z. Genera of Family laniridae
1. Last leg has 3 claws. Minute, commensal on Sphaeromid isopods, usually on ventral surface between legs and on pleopods lais Last leg has 2 claws. Free-living lanira
Subtribe PARASELLOIDEA Family lANIRIDAE
Key to New Zealand Species of lanira
1. Uropods, peduncle and rami cylindrical lanira neglecta Uropods, peduncle subtriangular, rami not cylindrical, wide lanira longicauda
Key to New Zealand Species of lais
1. Uropods, outer ramus half length of inner lais pubescens Uropods, rami subequal lais californica
Family JAEROPSIDAE
Key to New Zealand Species of Jaeropsis
1. Tclson margins with one or more serrations Jaeropsis curvicornis Telson margins entire, not serrated Jaeropsis palliseri
Family ANTIASIDAE
Key to New Zealand Species of Antias
1. Uropods uniramous; head strongly produced forward between antennae Antias unirameus Uropods biramous; head not strongly produced forward Antias hispidus
Family MUNNIDAE
Key to New Zealand Genera of Munnidae 1. Pleotelson bulbous, pear-shaped Munna Pleotelson flattened, wider than long Paramunna (one species, P. serrata)
Key to New Zealand Species of Munna
1. Body segments of more or less equal width throughout, not noticeably narrowed behind 4th segment ; first leg in male large and strong and of peculiar shape, segments 3 and 5 particularly widened, the latter mallet-shaped, segments 6 and 7 much smaller Munna neozelanica Body segments narrowing sharply posterior to noticeable division between 4th and sth segments; first leg in male normal Munna schauinslandii
Key to New Zealand Genera of Family Eurycopidae
1. Pleon jagged, body spiny Storthyngura Pleon smooth, body smooth Eurycope
Key to New Zealand Species of Storthyngura
1. Pleon has two pairs of lateral spines, a short wide bifurcate spine medially at end of pleon Storthyngura furcata Pleon has 2 or 3 pairs of lateral spines, a narrow acute end spine 2
2. Head and first body segment lack dorsal spines Storthyngura novae-zelandiae Head and first body segment have spines or tubercles dorsally 3
3. Pleon has 3 pairs of long lateral spines, an acute medial end spine Storthyngura benti Pleon has 2 pairs of short lateral spines, a short medial end spine Storthyngura pulchra
Key to New Zealand Species of Eurygope
1. Head produced in strong wide rostrum between antennae; first 4 segments of body very constricted in middle Eurycope madseni Head not produced in rostrum between antennae; first 4 segments of body not greatly constricted in middle 'i
2. Uropod outer ramus very short Eurycope galatheae Uropod outer ramus as long as inner Eurocope nodifrons
Family ISCHNOSOMIDAE
Key to New Zealand Species of Isghnomesus
1. Body smooth; pleon margins entire, smooth; mandible has 3-segmented palp; male 2nd pleopod has very long penial segment, longer than pleopod itself Ischnomesus bruum Body covered with tubercles; pleon margins very jagged; male 2nd pleopod has normal penial segment, not nearly as long as pleopod itself; mandible palp absent Ischnomesus sparcki
Tribe VALVIFERA
Key to Families of Tribe Valvifera
1. Uropod ramus small. Pleopod 1 often modified in male. A single penial process ...... ■ ....:. 2 Uropod ramus large. Pleopod 1 never * modified in male. Usually a pair of penial processes. Body depressed. Legs more or less prehensile, the anterior four pairs often subchelate Idoteidae
2. Body narrow, cylindrical, rarely depressed. ' ;. . Anterior 4 pairs of legs directed forwards, not prehensile, slender, with long setae '. : Astacillidae '- Body broad, depressed. Anterior 4 pairs of legs normal, prehensile, not setose Pseudidotheidae : < (one species, Pseudidothea richardsoni)
Key to Genera of Family Astacielidae/ (Arcturidae)
1. Antenna 2, flagellum of 2 or 3 short, segments with claw at end ...„; 2 Antenna 2, flagellum long, of considerably more than 3 segments, lacks claw at end ...... , Antarcturus
2. Antenna 2, flagellum of 2 segments; male Ist pleopod has secondary lobe on inside of outer branch; Ist leg has claw at end of 7th segment Pseudarcturella (one species, P. chiltoni) Antenna 2, flagellum of 3 segments; male Ist pleopod lacks secondary lobe on inside of outer branch Astacilla • Key to New Zealand Species of Astacilla
1. Body smooth 2 Body tuberculate or spined 3
2. Uropod secondary (smaller) ramus has 1 long apical seta Asbacilla falclandica
Uropod secondary ramus has 3 long apical setae Astacilla levis 3. Tubercles on 4th segment of body at both ends of segment, absent from middle Astacilla tuberculata Tubercles on 4th segment of body in middle of segment and posteriorly, not anteriorly Astacilla fusiformis
Key to N.Z. Species of Antargturus
1. Eyes entirely or almost entirely absent; anterior margin of head deeply excavate between antennae; posterior legs, segments 4 and 5 each almost as long as segment 3 Antarcturus my ops Eyes present: anterior margin of head only shallowly excavate between antennae; posterior legs, segments 4 and 5 together barely longer than segment 3 Antarcturus abyssicola
Key to N.Z. Genera of Family Idoteidae
1. Mandible palp has 3 segments Holognathus (one species, H. stewarti) Mandible palp absent, or not of 3 segments 2
2. Palp of maxillipeds has 4 segments 3 Palp of maxillipeds has 5 or 6 segments 5
3. Pleon of 3 segments I dote a Pleon of less than 3 segments 4
4. Uropod peduncle has small spine distally; outer ramus very small and setose, inner large and lamellar, the whole together like a mitten in which the outer represents the thumb, the inner the hand Notidotea (one species, N. lacustris) Uropod not as above Euidotea*
5. Antenna 2, flagellum very short, of 1-3 segments Zenobiana (one species, Z. tubicola) Antenna 2, flagellum well developed and of numerous segments 6
6. Goxal (side) plates fused with body segments Crabzyos (one species, C. elongatus) Coxal plates free on segments 2-7 7
7. Uropods have both rami present Austridotea Uropods have only one ramus Paridotea (one species, P. ungulata)
Key to N.Z. Species of Idotea
1. Telson, end margin truncate (squared off) Idotea metallica Telson, end rounded Idotea festiva Telson, end produced in middle to sharp point, slightly hollowed-out either side of point Idotea marina Key to N.Z. Species of Euidotea
1. Coxal plates large, those of segment 7 extending back behind segment Euidot-ea peronii Coxal plates small, those of segment 7 not reaching hind margin of segment Euidotea stricta Key to N.Z. Species of Austridotea
1. Telson distally pointed; uropod inner ramus distally rounded, plumose setae along end and one margin Austridotea annectans Telson distally rounded; uropod inner ramus distally truncate, plumose setae only on truncate end Austridotea benhami
Tribe FLABELLIFERA Key to the N.Z. Families of Flabellifera
1. Body narrow, cylindrical. Uropod with outer ramus arching dorsally over the telson Family Anthuridae Body normal, depressed. Uropod, outer ramus lateral 2
2. Body flat and thin, oval and disc-like. Peduncle segments of both antennae expanded into flattened plates to form, together with coxal plates and uropod rami, a continuous ring of outer plates around body Family Plakarthriidae (one species, Plakarthrium typicum) Body and antennae not as above 3
3. Pleon usually composed of 6 segments 4 Pleon composed of 2-4 segments 7
4. Uropod outer ramus rudimentary, more or less claw-shaped. Boring in piles and floating timber and algal holdfasts Family Limnoriidae Uropod with both rami well developed, usually plate-like 5
5. Maxilliped palp free, margins of last 2 segments more or less setose, never armed with hooks Family Eurydigidae Maxilliped palp embracing the cone formed by the mouthparts; apex armed with hooks, never setose 6
6. Body symmetrical. Both antennae with well- ; ,fer defined peduncles and flagella. Pleopods setose. Rami of uropod large, more or less foliaceous -like) - Family Aegidae Body often distorted. Both antennae reduced, without clear distinction between peduncle and flagellum. Pleopods not setose. Rami of uropod long or short but always narrow Family Cymothoidae
7. Pleon of 2 segments. Uropod inner ramus immovable Family Sphaeromidae Pleon of 4 segments. Both rami of uropod movable. Body trilobite-like in shape Family Serolidae Key to N.Z. Genera of Family Anthuridae
1. Mouthparts normal (lower lip with rounded lobes, mandible with toothed cutting-edge, maxilla 1 with conspicuous spine-teeth). Statocysts paired. Maxilliped has five segments Mesanthura (one species, M. maculata)
Mouth-parts modified (lower lip with acute lobes, mandibles apically acute, maxilla 1 slender, lancelike). Sometimes a single statocyst but usually none. Maxilliped has 3 or 4 segments 2
2. With single statocyst. Maxilliped palp has 3 segments Leptanthura (one species, L. chiltoni) No statocyst 3
3. Maxilliped has 3 segments. Marine and freshwater Paranthura Maxilliped has 2 segments. Freshwater Cruregens (one species, C. fontanus)
Key to N.Z. Species of Paranthura
1. Telson ovate-lanceolate, apex narrowly rounded. Uropod inner ramus, inner margin straight, longer than broad; outer ramus broadly ovate, outer margin distally sinuous Paranthura punctata Telson narrow-elongate, apex sub-truncate, finely crenulate. Uropod inner ramus ovoid, about as broad as long, inner margin convex; outer narrowelongate, outer margin crenulate Paranthura flagellata
Key to N.Z. Species of Family Limnoriidae
1. Wood-borer. Pleon, fifth segment has X-shaped keel in midline; pleotelson has pair of tubercles in midline, a second pair behind them; ant. 2 flagellum has 5 segments, mandibular palp has 3 Limnoria (L.) quadripunctata
Algar-borers. Pleon and pleotelson sculpturing not as above 2
2. Pleon, fifth segment has median long keel apparently broken in middle- pleotelson has transverse ridge anteriorly with swollen tubercular areas each end, a short ridge trailing behind these areas; ant. 2 flagellum has 3-4 segments, mandibular palp has 2 Limnoria (P.) segnis Pleon, fifth segment and pleotelson have no ornamentation; ant. 2 flagellum has 4 segments, mandibular palp has 3 Limnoria (P.) stephenseni
Key to N.Z. Genera of Family Eurydicidae (Fish-lice)
1. Frontal lamina (narrow plate between antennae) somewhat dilated anteriorly, visible in dorsal view between antennae; clypeus (broad plate below frontal lamina) has anterior projection (visible in side view) hiding (in ventral view) the base of the frontal lamina Metacirolana 13 (one species, M. japonica) Not at above 2
2. Pleon segment 5 has free side margin. Peduncle of antenna 2 has only 4 distinct segments. Maxilliped, lobe of segment 2 without hooks. Uropod peduncle produced only slightly backwards so articulation between peduncle and inner branch short Eurydice (one species, E. subtruncata)
Pleon segment 5, side margins overlapped by those of segment 4. Peduncle of antenna 2 has at least 5 distinct movable segments. Maxilliped, lobe of segment 2 has 1 or more hooks. Uropod peduncle produced considerably backwards so articulation between peduncle and inner ramus is long 3
3. Maxilla 1, inner plate has 3 setae Cirolana Maxilla 1, inner plate has 6 setae Pseudaega 1 * (one species, P. punctata)
Key to N.Z. Species of Cirolana 1. Large, 40-60 mm. Two tubercles dorsally on each of segments 3 and 4 in male; 3rd abdominal segment
produced (in side view) back to base of uropod ...... Cirotana quadripustulata Not large. Male lacks dorsal tubercles; 3rd abdominal segment not produced backwards to base of uropod .! 2
2. Eyes longer than deep, extending along all or most of head in rectangular band 6 Eyes small, round 3
3. Telson truncate Cirolana cookii Telson subtriangular, not truncate 4
4. First 5 segments of body have single distinctly impressed line or furrow across them near hind margin; 6th and 7th segments have each 2 such lines; pleopod 2, male stylet longer than rami; frontal lamina much longer than wide Cirolana canaliculata Body segments without impressed line or tubercles, very finely punctate 5
5. Pleopod 2, male stylet longer than rami; telson apex narrowly rounded; frontal lamina only a little longer than greatest width Cirolana australiense^ Pleopod 2, male stylet no longer than rami; telson broadly rounded; frontal lamina much longer than wide Cirolana arcuata
6. Second leg, 6th segment posterior margin naked Cirolana hirtipes Second leg, 6th segment posterior margin spined 7
7. Body only slightly calcareous, semi-transparent. Telson posterior margin spined as well as setose Cirolana pellucida Telson posterior margin setose, not spined Cirolana rossi
Key to N.Z. Genera of Family Aegidae (Fish-lice)
1. Head with median point wholly or partly separating bases of Ist antennae. Frontal lamina usually large. Maxilliped not less than 6-segmented Aega
Head more or less covering bases of Ist antennae. Frontal lamina small. Maxilliped of not more than 4 segments Rocinela
Key to N.Z. Species of Roginela
1. First leg has 9 spines on posterior margin of segment 6 Rocinela garricki First leg has less than 9 spines on posterior margin of segment 6 Rocinela orientalis
Key to N.Z. Species of Aega
1. Telson broadly rounded; uropods not longer than telson; antenna 2 peduncle 4th segment cylindrical Aega novi-zealandiae Telson acutely rounded; uropods longer than telson; antenna 2 peduncle, 4th segment is triangularly expanded, much broader than sth segment Aega maorum
Key to New Zealand Genera of Family Gymothoidae (Fish-lice)
1. Head not immersed in first peraeon segment. Anterior margin of latter trilobate. Body symmetrical Nerocila (one species, N. orbignyi) Head immersed in first peraeon segment. Anterior margin of head not trilobate. Body often distorted 2
2. Antennae considerably dilated, their bases touching Codonophilus Antennae somewhat compressed, not at all dilated, the bases of first pair widely separated Livoneca (one species, L. raynaudii)
Key to New Zealand Species of Godonophilus
1. Telson almost semi-circular, with faintly raised longitudinal median line; legs of adult male not greatly thickened; head small, somewhat circular Codonophilus lineatus Telson hind margin sinuate in adult, rarely perfectly symmetrical; legs of adult male grossly thickened; head subtriangular and somewhat rostrate in dorsal view , , Codonophilus imbricatus
Key to N.Z. Species of Family Serolidae
1. Small dorso-lateral portions of the tergum and of the coxal plates of the Bth thoracic segment present. Inner ramus of uropod absent Serolis latifrons Tergum and coxal plates of Bth thoracic segment absent. Inner and outer rami of uropod present 2
2. Only first 3 thoracic segments (3rd to sth) separated from their respective coxal plates by sutures; coxal plates of 7th thoracic segment extending considerably beyond end of telson Serolis bromleyana First 4 free thoracic segments (3rd-6th) separated from their coxal plates by sutures 3
3. Coxal plates of 7th thoracic segment extend backwards in male for some distance beyond end of telson; pleural plates of 2nd abdominal segment long, extending beyond end of telson, those of 3rd segment short Serolis schythei
Coxal plates of 7th thoracic segment extend backwards to about middle of telson, pleural plates of 2nd and 3rd abdominal segments short, not extending far beyond the anterior margin of telson Serolis paradoxa
Key to Groups of Family Sphaeromidae
1. Pleopods 4 and 5, one or both branches of each with deep transverse pleats or wrinkles; outer branch of at least pleopod 5 two-segmented 2 Pleopods 4 and 5, both branches of each without transverse pleats or wrinkles; outer branch of each unsegmented Platybranchiatae
2. Pleopods 4 and 5, inner branch of each has transverse pleats or wrinkles, outer branch is thin and membranous Hemibranghiatae Pleopods 4 and 5, both branches have transverse pleats or wrinkles Eubranghiatae
Key to N.Z. Genera of Group Hemibranghiatae
1. Telson, apex in female without a notch, rounded or somewhat produced, more or less acute; in male generally as in female but sometimes much produced in the shape of a median process narrowed at its base. Mouthparts in adult female not modified 2
Telson, apex in both sexes with a notch, usually stronger in male, frequently divided by a median lobe. Mouthparts in adult female modified (mandibles lack dark, strongly chitinised apices, other mouthparts blunted and non-setose). Maxilliped, segments 4 to 6 lobed. Pleopod 3, outer ramus has two segments. Broodplates overlapping in midline 5
2. Maxillipeds, segments 4 to 6 not lobed. Legs 1-3 slender, with long swimming setae. Pleopod 3, outer ramus of one segment. Uropod, outer ramus has outer margin distinctly serrated. Broodplates overlapping in midline Sphaeroma Maxillipeds, segments 4 to 6 lobed. Legs 1-3 without long setae. Pleopod 3, outer ramus of 2 segments. Uropod, outer ramus has outer margin not serrated or only indistinctly so. Broodplates not reaching midline 3
3. Segment 7 of body is unarmed in both sexes 4 Segment 7 of body has a dorsal process in male. Uropod outer ramus large Isocladus
4. Uropod, outer ramus well developed, as large as inner Exosphaeroma Uropod, outer ramus smaller than inner Pseudosphaeroma (one species, P. campbellensis)
5. Uropod, both rami well developed Cymodoce Uropod, inner ramus very short Cilicaea
Key to N.Z. Species of Sphaeroma
1. Uropod, outer ramus outer margin serrated Sphaeroma quoyanum Uropod, outer ramus outer margin entire Sphaeroma obtusum
Key to N.Z. Species of Exosphaeroma
1. Epistome long and dorsally recurved, projecting well in front of bases of antennae when viewed dorsally, giving snub-nosed appearance; uropod outer ramus narrow, sharply pointed in male, female has outer tip strongly hooked Exosphaeroma falcatum Not as above 2
2. Body smooth. Abdomen has two obsolete prominences dorsally; outer ramus of uropod lanceolate Exosphaeroma chilensis Characters not combined as above 3
3. Body smooth. First segment of abdomen considerably arched above, has slight elevation grooved in middle near base of abdomen; uropod outer ramus narrow and lanceolate Exosphaeroma lanceolatum
Body has small punctures on dorsal surface; otherwise not as above 4
4. Head has nearly straight transverse frontal ridge Exosphaeroma gigas Head has slightly raised sinuous rim, not forming straight transverse ridge Exosphaeroma sp.
Key to N.Z. Species of Isogladus 1. Uropod, outer ramus broad, with rounded end Isocladus magellanicus Uropod outer ramus narrow, lanceolate, with sharp apex 2
2. Male, last thoracic segment has long narrow " arrowheaded " spine projecting back almost to end of telson, small tooth either side; uropods projecting beyond end of telson; appendix masculina projecting beyond inner ramus of second pleopod and separate Isocladus spiniger^ 2 Male, last thoracic segment has short, blunt spine; uropod not projecting beyond end of telson; appendix masculina hardly projecting beyond inner ramus of second pleopod and not separate Isocladus armatus 12
Key to N.Z. Species of Cymodoce
1. Telson has small recurved spine dorsally 2 Telson smooth or granular, no recurved spine dorsally 3
2. Large spine on anterior segment of abdomen broad and truncate, bilobed; telson tubercle short and blunt, trilobed in dorsal view Cymodoce hodgsoni Large process on anterior segment of abdomen narrow, truncate or acute apically, not bilobed; telson tubercle large and sharp; not trilobed in dorsal view Cymodoce australis
3. Telson smooth, not granular; has two prominent rounded bosses or tubercles Cymodoce bituberculata Telson without prominent bosses as above 4
4. Telson has 4 obscure tubercles in transverse series Cymodoce convexa Telson lacks 4 obscure tubercles in transverse series; is generally granular 5
5. Telson mildly granular with slightly more distinct granular boss in middle; apical notch in telson Ushaped; uropod outer ramus sharp and longer than inner Cymodoce granulata Telson strongly granular; apical notch in telson heartshaped; uropod outer ramus rounded, no longer than inner Cymodoce cordiforaminalis
Key to N.Z. Species of Giligaea
1. Process on anterior segment of abdomen broadly truncated; apical sinus in male without central lobe Cilicaea canaliculata Process on anterior segment of abdomen rounded, not truncate; apical sinus in male has prominent central lobe Cilicaea latreillei
Key to Genera of Group Eubranchiatae 1. Antenna 1, first segment expanded, protruding in front Amphoroidea of head as large free plate (one species, A. falcifer)
Antenna 1, first segment normal, not expanded in front of head as large free plate 2
2. Uropod a large single broad oval plate Scutuloidea (one species, S. maculata.) Uropod not a large single broad plate 3
3. Telson apex ending in two short acute teeth with notch between Dynamenella (one species, D. huttoni) Telson, sides bent downwards and inwards to form a Cymodocella tube (one species, C. tubicauda)
Key to Genera of Group Platybranchiatae
1. Body flattened, disc-like; uropods present, biramous, Cassidina marine (one species, C. typa)
Body convex, capable of rolling into a ball; uropods Paravireia absent, freshwater (one species, P. typica)
Tribe EPICARIDEA Key to Species of Epigaridea Only one species, Athelges lacertosi, has been recorded. See Pike, 1961.
Tribe PHREATOIGOIDEA Key to Genera of N.Z. Phreatoicoidea*
1. Spines below insertion of uropod ramus on to peduncle stout and simple 2 Spine below insertion of uropod ramus toothed Notamphisopus
2. Apex of telson squarish in side view; bases of posterior legs moderately expanded; uropod rami without spines Neophreatoicus Apex of telson cylindrical in side view; bases of (one species, N. assimilis) posterior legs not expanded; uropod rami spined Phreatoicus
Key to Species of Phreatoicus
1. Gnathopod subtriangular, palm concave so considerable gap between palm and claw Phreatoicus typicus Gnathopod subovate, palm sinuous with claw more or less close-fitting against it Phreatoicus orarii
Key to Species of Notamphisopus 1. Only one toothed spine below insertion of uropod rami 2 Two-toothed spines below insertion of uropod rami 3
2. Uropod peduncle strongly spined dorsally, ventral margin of telson segment fringed with slender closelyset setae, maxilliped palp 3rd segment ovate and nearly as broad as long Notamphisopus littoralis Uropod peduncle has few spines along dorsal margin, ventral margin of telson has fringe of stout widelyspaced spines; maxilliped palp 3rd segment cylindrical, noticeably narrower than long Notamphisopus flavins Uropod peduncle strongly spined dorsally, ventral margin of telson has fringe of stout widely-spaced spines Notamphisopus percevali
3. Antenna 1, penultimate segment of flagellum noticeably longer than preceding and following segments Notamphisopus benhami
4. Suture on pleotelson above uropod insertion has 1 spine Notamphisopus kirkii Suture on pleotelson above uropod insertion has 3or 4 spines Notamphisopus dunedinensis
Tribe ONISGOIDEA Key to N.Z. Genera and Species of Oniscoidea See Hurley, 1950, for Key to genera and species; Hurley, 1958, for changes of nomenclature.
References
Anders son, Ake, 1960. South American Terrestrial Isopods in the collection of the Swedish State Museum of Natural History. Ark. f. Zool. 12 (34) : 537-570, figs. 1-14. Barnard, K. H., 1925. A Revision of the Family Anthuridac (Crustacea Isopoda), with remarks on certain morphological peculiarities. /. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. 36 (241): 109-160, pi. 4.
additions to the Tanaidacea, Isopoda, and Amphipoda, together with keys for the Identification of the hitherto recorded marine and fresh-water species. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 32 (5): 381-543, figs. 1-35.
Beddard, F. E., 1884. Preliminary notice of the Isopoda collected during the voyage of H.M.S. "Challenger". Part l.—Serolis. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1884: 330-341.
1873-76. Part I.—The Genus Serolis. Challenger Reports. Zool. 11: 1-85, 10 pis.
shores of New Zealand. N.Z. J. Sci. 2 (8) : 388-391.
1873-76. Challenger Reports, Zool. 17: 1-175, pis. 1-25, chart.
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NOTES ADDED IN PRESS
Since correcting galley proofs of this paper, opportunities have arisen to examine collections of Isopods from Canterbury collected by Dr R. Pilgrim and students, from Auckland by Professor J. E. Morton and students, and from Hawke Bay and Foveaux Strait by the N.Z. Oceanographic Institute. In addition, Dr Pilgrim has kindly drawn my attention to various points arising from field use of the keys. The following annotations refer to corresponding superscript numbers inserted in the text:
11 (Page 265.) Chilton was correct — Edotia dilatata Thomson is the female of the New Zealand species referred to Crabyzos elongatus. Edotia should therefore be deleted from the New Zealand faunal list.
12 (Pages 270, 286.) The more material I see of Isocladus armatus and I. spiniger, the more I become convinced that they are but different stages of the same species.
18 (Page 283.) Cirolana arcuata proves to key out here also and may perhaps belong in Metacirolana. The following couplet should separate C. arcuata from M. japonica: End margins of telson and uropod inner ramus both truncate, jagged; ant. 1 flagellum of about 6 segments only M. japonica End margins of telson and uropod inner ramus rounded; ant. 1 flagellum of about 15 segments C. arcuata
]4 (Page 283.) Pseudaega punctata is much more easily distinguished from the New Zealand species of Cirolana by its remarkably leg-like uropod in which the outer ramus is cylindrical, and the inner is widely flattened with a distinct notch on its outer margin.
15 (Page 284.) Cirolana woodjonesi Hale (Hale, 1925: 137-139, Fig. 5) is common in Hawke Bay and keys out into couplet 5 with C. australiense and C. arcuata. Although sometimes affected by preservative, the distinct reddishness of its small, round eyes is a good clue to its identity. C. woodjonesi differs from C. australiense and C. arcuata in having a very narrow frontal lamina. Antenna 1 has the flagellum characteristically stubby and compressed and the flagellar segments very wide and short, not thin and attenuated as in arcuata nor thin and compressed as in australiense. The flagellum barely reaches halfway along the last segment of the peduncle of antenna 2; in australiense it reaches right to the end of this peduncle, and in arcuata beyond it.
1 1 have preferred to omit from this list any of the “ Species Inquirendae ” of Menzies and Barnard, 1951, or Hurley, 1956.
2 The pleon profile of a recently examined immature specimen from Lyttelton Harbour, doubtfully referred to A. fusiformis, suggests that fusiformis may be a synonym of A. tuberculata.
3 Nierstrasz (1931) also records as separate species Codonophilus novae-zelandiae (Filhol) and Codonophilus huttoni (Filhol). A comparison of Filhol’s original figures and descriptions with Hale’s (1925) of C. imbricatus leave me convinced that there are no features which distinguish his C. novae-zelandiae from Hale’s adult C. imbricatus and some which strongly indicate their identity—e.g., the grossness of the legs and, particularly, the peculiar wavy hind margin of the sth pleon segment. I am equally satisfied that those features which might separate C. huttoni from the adult C. imbricates are those Hale shows, from juveniles taken from the broodpouch of an adult female C. imbricatus, to be normal in the juvenile. Filhol’s two species are therefore considered as synonyms of C. imbricatus.
4 The raising of the Limnoriidae to family rank leaves the genus Plakarthrium in an anomalous position. I have followed Richardson (1913) and restored it to family rank.
5 Chilton (1911 a; 132) reported finding Cymodoce tuberculata Haswell or a closely allied species in a plank removed from the “Terra Nova” in dock in Lyttelton in 1910, and suggests they entered the wood in Port Philip, Australia. This one record of a transient occurrence does not, I feel, warrant its inclusion in the New Zealand fauna.
6 Vandel (1952) says this species “perhaps belongs to Styloniscus”.
7 Vandel (1952) considers this “very probably represents the type of a special genus, per haps even of a special family
8 This species is probably a Phalloniscus (Jackson) and probably P. kenepurensis as Chilton suggests.
9 Jackson (1941) considers this species probably belongs to a new genus.
10 Jackson (1941) suggests this is probably a Spherillo.
* That the uropod of Euidotea differs from Notidotea is pure supposition; however, in the absence of any other characteristic feature which might separate the two genera in their systematic accounts I have assumed a difference in the uropods. If there is not then it would seem that Notidotea is too similar to Euidotea to retain its identity.
* The species of Phreatoicoidea are separated by a complex of very small differences and the keys given are more of a guide to the literature than good, clear-cut diagnostic keys. They should therefore be used for final identification only in close association with Nicholls’s papers (Nicholls, 1943, 1944).
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Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand : Zoology, Volume 1, Issue 20, 26 November 1961, Page 259
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13,299A Checklist and Key to the Crustacea Isopoda of New Zealand and the Subantarctic Islands Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand : Zoology, Volume 1, Issue 20, 26 November 1961, Page 259
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