Descriptions of New Species and Notes on Taxonomy of Foraminifera from the Upper Eocene and Lower Oligocene of New Zealand

Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand : Geology, Volume 3, Issue 17, 18 May 1966, Page 231

Descriptions of New Species and Notes on Taxonomy of Foraminifera from the Upper Eocene and Lower Oligocene of New Zealand

M. S. Srinivasan

[Received by the Editor, 22 July 1965.]

Abstract

Some taxonomic name changes of Foraminifera from the Upper Eocene and Lower Oligocene of New Zealand since the work of Loeblich and Tappan (1964) are proposed. Two new subfamilies Uvigerininae and Trifarininae are proposed for the family Uvigerinidae. The following 24 new species and subspecies of fossil Foraminifera are described and illustrated: Textularia walcotti, Karrerulina obscura, Karreriella kennetti, Qjuinqueloculina zealandica, Miliolinella vellai, Scutuloris elizabethae, Stilostomella stachei, Robulus barretti, Robulus paparoaensis, Saracenaria colei, Hofkeruva bradleyi. Trifarina kaiata, Trifarina edwardsi, Discorbis rajnathi, Pijpersia gracilis, Cancris lateralis Finlay minima, Glabratella ftnlayi, Elphidium hornibrooki, Cibicides pronovozelandicus, Viguloides wellmani, Gyroidina jenkinsi, Melonis pacimaoricum, Ceratolamarckina clarki, and Vellaena zealandica. The following new genera are erected: Latibolivina (family Bolivinitidae), Wadella (family Homotrematidae), Virguloides (family Gaucasinidae), and Vellaena (family Ceratobuliminidae).

Introduction

The Foraminifera described below were collected during examination of late Eocene to early Oligocene sections in the West Coast of South Island, New Zealand,

Holotypes and paratypes are lodged in the Geology Department, Victoria University of Wellington. Catalogue numbers of the foraminifera! holotypes have the prefix F, of the paratypes Fp, and of the hypotypes Ff. Paratypes of new species have been presented to the New Zealand Geological Survey.

Sample Numbers are the New Zealand Fossil Record numbers based on Sheet Districts of the New Zealand topographic map Series 1. Grid references are the co-ordinates based on the National thousand yard grid. Details of the microfossil localities are recorded in the New Zealand Geological Survey Fossil Record master files. The systematic order closely follows that of Loeblich and Tappan (1964), with slight modifications.

Systematigs

Order FORAMINIFERIDA Eichwald, 1830 Suborder TEXTULARIINA Delage and Herouard, 1896

Superfamily LITUOLACEA de Blainville, 1825

Family TEXTULARIIDAE Ehrenberg, 1838 Subfamily SPIROPLECTAMMININAE Cushman, 1927

Genus Semivulvulina Finlay, 1939

Type Species; Textularia capitata Stache, 1865.

Loeblich and Tappan (1964) have included Semivulvulina in the subfamily Textulariinae. The writer has placed the genus in the subfamily Spiroplectammininae because of its closer relationship to the members of that subfamily, viz., Vulvulina, Spiropiectammina, Bolivinopsis, etc.

Subfamily TEXTULARIINAE Ehrenberg, 1838 Genus Textularia Defrance, 1824

Type Species: Textularia saggitula Defrance, 1824.

Textularia walcotti n.sp., PI, 1, figs. 1,2.

Description: Test medium to large, about twice as long as wide, gently tapering, subovate in apertural view, periphery broadly rounded; chambers indistinct in the early portion of the test, and somewhat inflated in the adult, broader than high; sutures slightly depressed and gently inclined. Wall composed of spaced coarse sand-grains set in fine mortar. Aperture a narrow opening at the inner margin of the last-formed chamber.

Dimensions of holotype: length, 1.325 mm; breadth, o.Bomm.

Variability: The shell shows little variation except in the coarseness of sand-grains in the wall, and in the inflation of adult chambers.

Types: Victoria University Gat. No. F 458, holotype; Fp4sß, 2 paratypes.

Type Locality: 544f963, Point Elizabeth, about 5 miles north of Greymouth. N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 544 (second ed., 1957), Grid ref. 747966.

Type Level: About 70ft below the base of the Cobden Limestone at the Point Elizabeth section, Whaingaroan Stage, Lower Oligocene.

Remarks: Distinguished by the coarseness of the test and rapid increase in size and inflation of the chambers.

Distribution: At Point Elizabeth, frequent in the Whaingaroan, making its first appearance immediately above the highest sample containing G. index. Not found at Gape Foulwind.

Observed Stratigraphic Range: Whaingaroan (Lower Oligocene).

Genus Siphotextularia Finlay, 1939

Type Species: Siphotextularia wairoana Finlay, 1939.

Loeblich and Tappan (1964) placed Siphotextularia and Haeuslerella in a subfamily Pseudobolivininae, separate from Textulariinae.

The writer is of the opinion that Textularia, Haeuslerella, and Siphotextularia are very closely related to each other, both morphologically and phylogenetically, and that their separation into two distinct subfamilies is unwarranted. Therefore Textularia, Siphotextularia, and Haeuslerella are included within the subfamily Textulariinae.

Family ATAXOPHRAGMIIDAE Schwager, 1877 Subfamily GLOBOTEXTULARIINAE Cushman, 1929 Genus Karrerulina Finlay, 1940

Type Species: Gaudryina apicularis Cushman, 1911.

Karrerulina obscura, n.sp., PI. 1, figs. 4, 7.

Description: Test small, about 4 to 5 times as long as wide, somewhat tapering, very slightly compressed, with broadly rounded periphery; cross-section oval to sub-circular; multiserial part roughly one-third of the test; sutures flush, chambers and sutures obscure; aperture terminal, rounded, with a spout formed by the prolongation of the last-formed chamber; wall smooth, made of fine sand-grains.

Dimensions of holotype: length, 0.825 mm; breadtth, 0.225 mm.

Types: Victoria University Cat. No. F 456, holotype; Fp456, 3 paratypes.

Type Locality: 544f953, sea-cliff, Point Elizabeth section, 5 miles north of Greymouth. N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 544 (second ed., 1957), Grid ref. 754965.

Type Level; Kaiatan Stage (early Upper Eocene).

Remarks: Loeblich and Tappan (1964) regarded Karrerulina as a synonym of Karreriella. The writer prefers to retain Karrerulina for a group of distinctive tiny species having a quite terminal aperture formed by a constricted prolongation of last-chamber, as defined by Finlay. In Karreriella the aperture is a clearly differentiated spout, often compressed, and is not a simple prolongation of the final chamber.

The name obscura was used by Finlay in manuscript notes. This species differs from K. aegra Finlay in having the chambers and sutures completely obscured, and in possessing a distinct neck on the terminal chamber.

Distribution : Common at the top of the Kaiatan, frequent to infrequent in the Runangan, and rare in the Whaingaroan at Point Elizabeth.

Observed Stratigraphic Range: Kaiatan to Whaingaroan (early Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene).

Genus Karreriella Cushman, 1933 Type Species: Gaudryina siphonella Reuss, 1851

Karreriella kennetti, n.sp., PI. 1, figs 3, 5.

Description: Test elongate, about 14 times as long as broad, tapering from a broad apertural end to the narrow initial end which has a somewhat twisted appearance; obscure earliest chambers followed by a short triserial stage, then a biserial stage fonning nearly twothirds of the entire test; chambers distinct, somewhat inflated, increasing in size as added; sutures depressed), slightly oblique; periphery lobulate; wall very finely arenaceous, smoothly finished; aperture an elongate opening with a slightly raised lip on the inner side of the last-formed chamber.

Dimensions of holotype: length, o.7mm; breadth, 0.45 mm.

Types: Victoria University Cat. No. F 450, holotype; Fp4so, 2 paratypes.

Type Locality: 523f523, sea-cliff, Cape Foulwind section, Westport, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 523 (provisional 1 mile series), Grid ref. 972736.

Type Level: Rimangan Stage (late Upper Eocene).

Remarks: This species differs from K. hradyi (Cushman) in having the chambers more inflated and less compressed, and in having a rounded to subrounded last-formed chamber; and from K. chilostoma (Reuss) in having a prominent multiserial part and oblique chambers. It closely resembles K. contorta (Beck), but differs from it in having slightly inclined sutures and less twisted initial chambers.

Distribution: Frequent in the lower part of the section at Cape Foulwind; frequent to infrequent in the Runangan and Whaingaroan at Point Elizabeth.

Observed Stratigraphic Range; Runangan to Whaingaroan (late Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene).

Subfamily VALVULININAE Berthelin, 1880 Genus Arenodosaria Finlay, 1939

Type Species: Arenodosaria antipoda Stache, 1865.

Loeblich and Tappan (1964) considered Arenodosaria to be a junior synonym of Plectina, stating that the types of both genera are loosely biserial, to nearly uniserial with cuneate chambers, and not truly uniserial and rectilinear.

Longitudinal sections of specimens of Arenodosaria antipoda (which is now considered to be the megalospheric form of A. rohusta ) indicate that the later chambers, up to 5 in number, are truly uniserial and rectilinear. The uniserial stage is preceded by a small biserial stage, the initial bulbous multiserial part forms less than one-third of the entire test. The specimens illustrated by Loeblich and Tappan (1964) as A. rohusta appear to be juvenile. The writer agrees with Finlay (1939) that Arenodosaria is a distinct genus from Plectina, though a member of the same phylogenetic group.

The writer agrees with Hornibrook (in press) in regarding antipoda and robusta as megalospheric and microspheric forms respectively of the same species.

Suborder MILIOLINA Delage and Herouard, 1896 Superfamily MILIOLACEA Ehrenberg, 1839 Family FISHERINIDAE Millet, 1898

Subfamily CYCLOGYRINAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1961 Genus Cyclogyra Wood, 1842

Type Species: Cyclogyra multiplex Wood, 1842.

Cyclogyra cushmani (Todd and Knicker), PI. 6, fig. 1.

Hornibrook (in press) has examined Stache’s type of Cornuspira archim&dis in the Department of Geology and Paleontology, Museum of Natural History of Vienna, and found that it is an Ammodiscus.

The figure of the form previously referred to as Cornuspira archimedis by Homibrook (1961, N.Z. geol. Surv. pal. Bull. 34(1), p. 33, PI, 3, fig. 44; non Cornuspira archimedis Stache, 1865), agrees fairly well with those of Cyclogyra cushmani (Todd and Knicker).

The synonymy of Cyclogyra and Cornuspira was noted by Loeblich and Tappan (1964).

Family MILIOLIDAE Ehrenberg, 1839 Subfamily QUINQUELOCULININAE Cushman, 1917 Genus Quinqueloculina d’Orbigny, 1826

Type Species: Serpula seminulum Linne, 1758.

Quinqueloculina zealandica, n.sp., PI. 1, figs. 6, 10, 11.

Description: Test nearly twice as long as broad, compressed; apertural end with a short cylindrical neck; the basal end round and protruding; chambers distinct from one another, sub-quadrate in cross-section; sutures depressed; wall porcellanous and smooth, the periphery of each chamber a narrow flattened area with a shallow longitudinal groove bordered by blunt keels which are dull white; aperture circular with a simple tooth.

Dimensions of holotype: length, 0.825 mm; breadth, 0.425 mm.

Types: Victoria University Gat. No. F 473, holotype; Fp473, 4 paratypes.

Type Locality: 523f536, sea-cliff, Gape Foulwind section, Westport, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 523 (provisional 1 mile series), Grid ref. 975735.

Type Level: Runangan Stage (late Upper Eocene).

Remarks : It closely resembles Q. alabamensis Cushman, but differs in the more flattened test, the subquadrate cross-section of the chambers, and the shallow groove bordered by blunt keels at the periphery of each chamber.

Distribution : Common in the Runangan and the Whaingaroan at Gape Foulwind; frequent in the Kaiatan and the Runangan at Point Elizabeth.

Observed Stratigraphic Range: Kaiatan to Whaingaroan (early Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene).

Genus Biloculina d’Orbigny, 1826

Type Species: Biloculina bulloides d’Orbigny, 1826.

Loeblich and Tappan (1964) considered Pyrgo as a senior synonym of Biloculina. Vella (1957) has stated that B. bulloides d’Orbigny, the type species of Biloculina, has a circular aperture and a simple tooth, while Pyrgo laevis Defrance, the type species of Pyrgo, has a wide slit-like aperture partially covered by a broad plate. The writer agrees with Vella in considering Biloculina as distinct from Pyrgo.

Subfamily MILIOLINELLINAE Vella, 1957 Genus Miliolinella Wiesner, 1931

Type Species: Vermiculum subrotundum Montagu, 1803.

Miliolinella vellai, n.sp., PI. 1, figs. 13, 14.

Description: Test large, sub-triangular in end view, periphery broadly rounded; sutures indistinct, the third chamber hardly visible, chambers inflated; surface smooth; aperture partially covered by a broad, low tongue-shaped miliolinellid plate which leaves only a narrow crescentic opening.

Dimensions of holotype: length, 1.15 mm; breadth, I.6mm.

Types: Victoria University Gat. No. F 468, holotype; Fp46B, 4 paratypes.

Type Locality: 523f534, sea-cliff, Cape Foulwind section, Westport, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 523 (provisional 1 mile series), Grid ref. 974736.

Type Level: Runangan Stage (late Upper Eocene).

Remarks: As given in the catalogue by Ellis and Messina, Wiesner’s designation of Vermiculum subrotundum Montagu as the type species of Miliolinella is valid. This is not affected by the subsequent designations by Cushman 1933 (Quinqueloculina lamellidens Reuss, 1863) and Rhumbler 1936 ( M. wiesneriana Rhumbler, 1936 =M. suhrotunda Wiesner, 1931, not Montagu). Montagu’s figures and description of V. subrotundum indicate a triloculine shell, and the genus Triloculinella, erected by Rico in 1950 to embrace the triloculine forms assigned to Miliolinella, following Cushman’s designation of Q. lamellidens Reuss, 1863, as type species, becomes a junior synonym of Miliolinella.

This species closely resembles M. vigilax Vella, but differs in having a larger test, with the third central chamber and sutures indistinct. The prominent tongueshaped miliolinellid plate covering most of the aperture is distinctive. Probably this species is ancestral to M. vigilax.

Variation: The inflation of chambers varies slightly. One specimen with a fairly acute periphery has been seen.

Distribution: Common to frequent in the middle part of the Gape Foulwind section (Runangan) ; frequent to infrequent in the Kaiatan and Runangan at Point Elizabeth.

Observed Stratigraphic Range: Kaiatan to Runangan (Upper Eocene),

Genus Scutuloris Loeblich and Tappan, 1953 Type Species: Scutuloris tegminis Loeblich and Tappan, 1953.

Scutuloris elizabethae, n.sp., PI. 2, figs. 1,2, 3.

Description: Test large, sub-circular in lateral view, sub-triangular in cross-section; porcellanous, smooth, and shining; 5 chambers visible, each chamber triangular in crosssection, with periphery drawn out to an extremely sharp keel that is serrated by breaking of the edges; sutures obscure; aperture a broad semi-circle at one end of the final chamber, partially closed by a narrow arcuate miliolinellid plate.

Dimensions of holotype: length, 0.675 mm; breadth, 0.625 mm.

Types: Victoria University Cat. No. F 467, holotype; Fp467, 3 paratypes.

Type Locality: 5441954, sea-cliff, Point Elizabeth Section, 5 miles north of Greymouth, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 544 (second ed. 1957), Grid ref. 753965.

Type Level: Kaiatan Stage (early Upper Eocene). Remarks : Named after Point Elizabeth, north of Greymouth.

Distribution: At Point Elizabeth frequent to common in the Kaiatan and becoming rare in the Runangan. No specimens were found at Cape Foulwind.

Observed Stratigraphic Range: Kaiatan to Runangan (Upper Eocene).

Suborder ROTALINA Delage and Herouard, 1896 Superfamily NODOSARIACEA Ehrenberg, 1838

Family NODOSARIIDAE Ehrenberg, 1838

Subfamily NODOSARIINAE Ehrenberg, 1838 Genus Robulus Montfort, 1808

Type Species: Robulus cultratus Montfort, 1808.

Loeblich and Tappan (1964) regarded Robulus as a synonym of Lenticulina, stating that a considerable gradation may occur in the length of the radial apertural slits, and that the ventral slit in Robulus is merely a variant.

No such variation in the radial apertural slits could be observed in the many specimens examined by the writer, and Robulus is thus regarded as a distinct genus for coiled involute forms with bilaterally symmetrical test, radiate aperture, and elongate ventral slit extending on to the apertural face.

Robulus paparoaensis, n.sp., PI. 2, figs. 7, 8.

Description: Test biconvex, involute, periphery slightly compressed, smooth, with a very narrow rounded keel; up to 10 chambers in the final whorl, gradually increasing in size as added; sutures distinct, flush, slightly curved; umbo not distinct; aperture terminal with supplementary robuline-slit.

Diameter of holotype: 1.025 mm.

Types: Victoria University Cat. No. F5lO, holotype; Fpslo, 2 paratypes,

Type Locality: 523f537, Cape Foulwind section, Westport, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 523 (provisional 1 mile series), Grid ref. 975735.

Type Level: Runangan Stage (late Upper Eocene).

Remarks: Differs from R. cehalisensis Rau (from the Upper Eocene of Lincoln Formation, Grays Harbour County, Washington) in that it does not possess a prominent translucent keel, and from R. nikobarensis (Schwager) in that it lacks a prominent umbo and keel.

Distribution: Frequent in the Runangan and very rare in the Whaingaroan at Cape Foulwind; infrequent in the Kaiatan, rare in the Runangan, and absent from the Whaingaroan at Point Elizabeth.

Observed Stratigraphic Range: Kaiatan to Whaingaroan (early Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene).

Robulus barretti, n.sp., PI. 2, figs. 5, 6.

Description: Test of medium size, planispiral with a well developed peripheral keel; 4 to 5 chambers in the last whorl, slightly inflated with sutures slightly limbate, depressed, distinct and gently recurved.

Dimensions of holotype: diameter, 0.825 mm; thickness, 0.425 mm.

Types: Victoria University Cat. No. F 509, holotype; Fpso9, 5 paratypes.

Type Locality: 523f536, sea-cliff, Cape Foulwind section, Westport, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 523 (provisional 1 mile series), Grid ref. 975735.

Type Level: Runangan Stage (late Upper Eocene).

Remarks: This species differs from R. kincaidi Beck in that it has distinctly depressed sutures and chambers increasing in size gradually; and from Cristellaria alucinans Israelsky in that it has a prominent keel and a ventral slit.

Distribution: Frequent to common in the Runangan and Whaingaroan at Gape Foul wind; infrequent in the Kaiatan, Runangan, and Whaingaroan at Point Elizabeth.

Observed Stratigraphic Range: Kaiatan to Whaingaroan (early Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene).

Genus Saracen aria Defrance, 1824

Type Species: Saracenaria italica Defrance, 1824

Saracenaria colei, n.sp., PI. 2, figs. 10, 13.

Description; Test large, roughly triangular, chambers distinct, rapidly increasing in height; close coiled except for the last which is evolute, strongly keeled with edges of the terminal face angular to subangular; sutures distinct, limbate, flush with the surface, strongly curved except for the last one; wall smooth, thick, and glossy; aperture distinct, projected upwards, radiate with a ventral slit.

Dimensions of holotype: length, 0.775 mm; breadth, 0.55 mm.

Types; Victoria University Cat. No. F 522, holotype; Fp522, 3 paratypes.

Type Locality: 523f526, sea-cliff, Cape Foulwind section, Wesport, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 523 (provisional 1 mile series), Grid ref. 973736.

Type Level: Runangan Stage (late Upper Eocene).

Remarks : This species resembles S. schencki Cushman and Todd, but differs in that it has no spinose process on the inner angles, and in that it has a more closely coiled shell. S. moresiana Howe and Wallace, from the Jackson (Upper Eocene) of Louisiana, differs in that it has a well rounded periphery and depressed sutures. S. arcuatula (Stache) differs in that it has a more elongate and more openly coiled shell, and a rounded periphery and rounded edges on the peripheral face.

Distribution: Infrequent and restricted to the Runangan at Cape Foulwind; rare in the Kaiatan and Runangan at Point Elizabeth.

Observed Stratigraphic Range: Kaiatan to Runangan (Upper Eocene).

Genus Stilostomella Guppy, 1894 Type Species: Stilostomella rugosa Guppy, 1894,

Stilostomella stachei, n.sp., PI. 2, fig. 4.

1946. Nodogenerina antipoda; Finlay, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 76(2): 243 (list).

1961. Stilostomella antipoda; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. pal. Bull. 34(1): 49, PI. 6, fig. 98.

Description: Test small, slender, uniserial, rectilinear, consisting of 6 to 8 smooth chambers that gradually increase in size. Junctions of later chambers strongly constricted, but earlier junctions relatively unconstricted; aperture of holotype broken, but paratypes have a slender neck with a phialine lip, and an opening so small that no indentation of the lip could be seen.

Length of holotype; 0.425 mm.

Types: Victoria University Cat. No. F 570, holotype; Fps7o, 2 paratypes.

Type Locality: 5441954, Point Elizabeth section, 5 miles north of Greymouth, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 544 (second ed. 1957), Grid ref. 753965.

Type Level: Kaiatan Stage (early Upper Eocene).

Remarks: Finlay (1946) and Homibrook (1961) identified a small <c Stilostomella ” with 6 to 8 chambers as S. antipoda (Nodosaria antipodum Stache) on the basis of Stache’s figures. But on examining Stache’s original material, Hornibrook (pers. comm.) has found N. antipodum Stache to be a junior synonym of S. pomuligera (Dentalina pomuligera Stache).

Distribution : Infrequent in the Runangan and Whaingaroan at Cape Foulwind; infrequent in the Kaiatan, rare in the Runangan, none in the Whaingaroan at Point Elizabeth. In Oamaru, Homibrook (1961) has recorded this species (as antipoda ) from the Runangan to the Awamoan.

Observed Stratigraphic Range: Kaiatan to Awamoan (early Upper Eocene to Lower Miocene).

Genus Orthomorphina Stainforth, 1952

Type Species: Nodogenerina havanensis Cushman and Bermudez, 1937

Orthomorphina rohri (Cushman and Stainforth), PL 6, fig. 15.

Homibrook (in press) shows Dentalina rotundata (Stache) to be a nomen dubium. The figure of the form previously referred to as Orthomorphina rotundata in New Zealand agrees fairly well with those of Orthomorphina rohri described from the Oligocene Cipero Formation of Trinidad.

Genus Pseudonodosaria Boomgaart, 1949 Type Species: Glandulina discreta Reuss, 1850.

Pseudonodosaria aperta (Stache).

1865. Glandulina aperta Stache; Novara-Exped., Geol. Theil, 1(2): 188, PI. 22, fig. 11.

1865. Glandulina erecta Stache; Ibid.: 189, PI. 22, fig. 12. 1865. Lingulina glans Stache; Ibid.: 191, PI. 22, fig. 14. 1865. Lingulina propinqua Stache; Ibid.: 191, PI. 22, fig. 15

1926. Nodosaria radicula (Linnaeus); Chapman, N.Z. geol. Surv. pal. Bull. 11: 52, PI. 3 figs. 11, 12, 14, 15; Ibid.; PI. 11, fig. 9 (in part).

1961. Recto glandulina aperta; Homibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. pal. Bull. 34(1): 51, PI. 6, fig. 103.

Remarks: This genus differs from Recto glandulina Loeblich and Tappan in having the chambers separated by constricted sutures and in not possessing closely appressed chambers.

Distribution: At Cape Foulwind common in the Runangan and Whaingaroan; at Point Elizabeth, frequent from Kaiatan to Whaingaroan.

Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Bortonian to Tongaporutuan (Middle Eocene to Upper Miocene).

Superfamily BULIMINACEA Jones, 1875

Family BOLIVINITIDAE Cushman, 1927

The family Bolivinitidae is taken to include the following genera (characters of each form are indicated) ;

Bolivina d’Orbigny 1839. PI. 6, figs. 4, 7. Biserial, with chambers overlapping, basal aperture and internal tooth-plates as in B. plicata, the type species.

Brizalina Costa 1856, PI. 6, fig. 3. The chamber overlap and crenulations typical of Bolivina do not occur; usually strongly compressed and keeled. The genus was revived by Loeblich and Tappan (1964).

Latibolivina n.gen., PI. 2, figs. 9, 12. Ovate to subrhomboidal species resembling Brizalina , but differing in having characteristic raised reticulate ribs covering part or all of the surface of the shell. Aperture bolivine, parallel to the compression of the test.

Loxostomovdes Reiss, 1957, PI. 6, figs. 5, 6. Early stage biserial, with tendency to become later uniserial; aperture nearly terminal in the adult, generally oval in cross-section.

Tappanina Gallitelli, 1955, PI. 2, figs. 11, 14. Biserial with flaring sides; sutures distinctly raised and arcuate. Like Loxostomum in nearly quadrate cross-section, but differing in having an aperture like that of Bolivina.

Genus n.gen.

Type Species: Bolivina anastomosa Finlay, 1939 (Lower Miocene, New Zealand).

Description: Test biserial throughout and similar to Brizalina, broad, ovate to subrhomboidal, depressed, subcarinate, with characteristic ornament of raised reticulate ribs, covering part or all of the surface, and somewhat independent of individual chambers. Wall finely perforate, aperture narrow and elongate.

In addition to the type the following six species are here included in the genus Latibolivina : Bolivina affiliata Finlay, Bolivina byramensis Cushman, Bolivina pontis Finlay, Bolivina retiformis Cushman, Bolivina reticulata Hantken, Bolivina subreticulata Parr. They occur in widely separated parts of the world and form a well-defined phylogenetic series in the Tertiary. Their distribution is shown in Table I.

Latibolivina first appears in the Upper Eocene (L. pontis and L. reticulata) and the lineage continues through the Middle and Upper Tertiary to the Recent, where it is represented by L. subreticulata (Parr). The form described by Chapman (1926) from the Awamoan (Miocene) of New Zealand as B. reticulata is probably L. anastomosa (Finlay).

Genus Tappanina Gallitelli, 1955

Type Species; Bolivinita selmensis Cushman, 1933.

Tappanina olsoni (Hornibrook), PI, 2, figs. 11, 14.

1961. Bolivinitella olsoni Hornibrook; N.Z. geol. Surv. pal. Bull. 34(1), p. 84, PI. 12, figs. 240-242.

Length of hypotype; 0.275 mm.

Remarks: Hofker (1951) noted that Bolivinitella Marie is a junior synonym of Loxostomum Ehrenberg. Homibrook’s species olsoni is closer to Tappanina Gallitelli in its morphological features, and has the characteristic aperture of that genus.

The genus Tappanina is confined to the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene in Europe, North America, and other regions, but is common in the Upper Eocene and Lower Oligocene in New Zealand. This is the latest record known for the genus.

Distribution; Common in the Runangan and Whaingaroan at Cape Foulwind. Common in the Kaiatan, and frequent in the Runangan and Whaingaroan at Point Elizabeth. Its greater abundance at Cape Foulwind seems to indicate a shallow to moderate depth-range.

Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Kaiatan to Whaingaroan (early Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene),

Family UVIGERINIDAE Haeckel, 1894

Two new subfamilies, Uvigerininae and Trifarininae, are proposed as divisions of the family Uvigerinidae. The subfamily Uvigerininae Cushman 1918 was proposed as a division of the family Buliminidae and is a synonym of Haeckel’s family Uvigerinidae.

Subfamily UVIGERININAE Haeckel, 1894

The subfamily Uvigerininae includes Uvigerinidae distinguished by triserial test with rounded cross-section, the surface smooth, hispid or costate; aperture terminal, rounded with a non-perforate neck and with or without a phialine lip. The triserial test may pass into a biserial or uniserial adult stage. The following genera are included in the subfamily; Uvigerina, Euuvigerina, Neouvigerina, Noviuva, Hofkeruva, Hopkinsina, Rectuvigerina, and Pseudouvigerina.

Subfamily TRIFARININAE n.subfam.

The subfamily includes Uvigerinidae characterised by a test that is triserial in early stage, tending to become uniserial, and is generally triangular in cross-section; surface smooth or with longitudinal costae, aperture terminal in a short neck, commonly with a phialine lip. The genera Trifarina, Kolesnikovella, and the forms previously referred to as Angulogerina are included.

It appears that this subfamily evolved from the Uvigerininae through an ancestral stage similar to Pseudouvigerina.

Subfamily UVIGERININAE Haeckel, 1894

Genus Noviuva Vella, 1963

Type Species: Uvigerina peregrina Cushman, 1923.

Vella (1963) proposed the genus Noviuva for uvigerinids having tooth-plates like those of Euuvigerina and Hofkeruva, but with hispidocostate ornament.

Loeblich and Tappan (1964) considered Hofkeruva Vella and its subgenera as a synonym of Euuvigerina, because of the similarity of tooth-plates of these two forms.

The writer agrees with Vella (1961) that the tooth-plates are so conservative in form that they are not useful for distinguishing genera, and the taxonomic divisions put forward by Hofker (1951) for these uvigerinids, based entirely on internal tooth-plates, may be regarded as having subfamily rank. In most fossil forms the tooth-plates are difficult to observe, and a classification not depending on tooth-plates alone but based partly on sculpture, size, and chamber arrangement will be more effective and practicable. A classification based on these characters can be made to reflect evolutionary sequences of forms in time, thus serving the full purpose of taxonomy.

Noviuva bortotara (Finlay), PI. 3, figs. 1-3

1939. Hopkinsina bortotara Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(1): 104, PI. 12 figs. 22-24.

1940. Hobkinsina bortotara Finlay and Marwick; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 70(1): 108, 111.

1947. Uvigerina bortotara Finlay and Marwick; N.Z. J. Sci. Tech. B28(4): 232.

1948. Uvigerina bortotara; Dorreen, J. Paleont. 22(3): 292, PI. 38, fig. 6.

1948. Uvigerina bortotara (Finlay) var. costata Dorreen; Ibid.: 293, PI. 38, fig. 5.

1959. Uvigerina bortotara; Hornibrook, in Fleming; Lex. Strat. internat, 6(4): 51 358, 372.

1961. Uvigerina bortotara; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. pal. Bull. 34(1): 64,

Dimensions of hypotype, Fig. 3: length, 0.675 mm; breadth, 0.325 mm; hypotype, Fig. 1; length, 0.76 mm : breadth, 0.40 mm.

Remarks: This species is characterised by longitudinal costae on the earlier part of the test and longitudinally aligned medium-sized spines on the latter part. It is likely that the costae have developed by coalescence of spines.

Distribution; Common in the Runangan. becoming rare and making its last appearance in the Whaingaroan, at Cape Foulwind : common in the Kaiatan and Runangan, rare in the lower Whaingaraon, at Point Elizabeth.

Recorded Stratigraphic Range; Bortonian to basal Whaingaroan (Middle Eocene to Lower Oligocene).

Genus Neouvigerina Thalmann, 1952

Type Species: Uvigerina ampullacea Bradly, 1884.

Loeblich and Tappan (1964) regarded Neouvigerina Hofker 1950 as a nomen nudum, and Neouvigerina Thalmann 1952 as a junior synonym, of Siphouvigerina Parr 1950.

Judging from the original description of Uvigerina porrecta Brady var. fimbriata Sidebottom 1918, which is the type species of Siphouvigerina, it appears that no early multiserial or triserial (uvigerine) stage is present, but instead initially it is biserial and becomes uniserial in the adult. The writer, therefore, considers that Neouvigerina, which is initially triserial, is a valid genus. It includes the small uvigerine forms with hispid ornament at all stages, and shows a tendency to become uniserial at the adult stage. Loeblich and Tappan (1964) state that Siphouvigerina may develop costae by coalescence of the surface hispids or granulations, as in Noviuva Vella, 1963.

The form referred to by Brady (1884) as Uvigerina porrecta, which was later transferred to Neouvigerina by Hofker (1951), shows distinct costae and appears to belong to Siphouvigerina.

Neouvigerina plebeja Vella aff, waiapuensis Vella, PI. 3, fig. 4.

1961. Uvigerina canariensis; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. pal. Bull. 34(1): 54 (in part, and not the figure).

1961. Neouvigerina plebeja Vella waiapuensis Vella; Micropaleontology 7(4): 471, text-fig. 4a-c.

Dimensions of hypotype: length, 0.60 mm; breadth, 0.325 mm.

Remarks; Specimens are too few to enable certain identification. They closely resemble N. plebeja waiapuensis from the Otaian (Upper Oligocene), but the apex is more acute, and papillae of nearly equal size are spread uniformly over the entire test, and they might represent a distinct species.

They are the earliest known representatives of Neouvigerina in New Zealand.

Distribution: Rare in the basal Whaingaroan, immediately above the highest occurrence of G. index, at Point Elizabeth; not found at Cape Foulwind.

Observed Stratigraphic Range: Basal Whaingaroan (basal Oligocene).

Genus Hofkeruva Vella, 1961

Type Species: Hofkeruva mata Vella, 1961

Hofkeruva bradleyi, n.sp., PI. 3, fig. 11.

Description: Test small, elongate, nearly fusiform with narrowly rounded apex. Chambers much overlapping, with moderately depressed sutures, the later chambers much inflated; sculpture numerous thin sharp-crested costae, generally not continuous from one chamber to next, extending to the base of the neck; apertural neck short, with phialine lip.

Dimensions of holotype; length, 0.475 mm; breadth, 0.26 mm.

Types: Victoria University Cat. No. FSBO, holotype, and Fpsßo, 2 paratypes.

Type Locality: 544f958, Point Elizabeth section, 5 miles north of Greymouth, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 544 (second ed., 1957), Grid ref. 749964.

Type Level: Runangan stage (late Upper Eocene).

Remarks: This species differs from Noviuva bortotara (Finlay) in its much smaller size, numerous thin costae, and complete absence of spines. It resembles Hofkeruva (H.) mata Vella, from the Miocene, but differs in that it has more numerous costae and more inflated and overlapping chambers.

This species is the earliest known representative of the genus in New Zealand.

Distribution ; Rare in the upper Kaiatan and lower Runangan at Point Elizabeth; not found at Cape Foulwind.

Observed Stratigraphic Range: Kaiatan to Runangan (Upper Eocene).

Subfamily TRIFARININAE, n.subf.

Genus Trifarina Cushman, 1923

Type Species: Trifarina bradyi Cushman, 1923.

Trifarina kaiata, n.sp., PI. 3, figs. 5,6, 8.

Description: Test elongate, slender, nearly fusiform, about three times as long as broad, initial-end sub-rounded, chambers distinct, arranged triserially in the early part, forming nearly one-third of the entire test, later biserial, up to two uniserial chambers when fully grown; adult chambers inflated and loosely coiled, sutures depressed; early shell triangular in cross-section with sharp to subrounded angles, adult stage more rounded; aperture terminal at the end of a short cylindrical neck with a phialine lip.

Dimensions of holotype: length, 0.36 mm; breadth, 0.125 mm.

Dimensions of paratype: length, 0.28 mm; breadth, 0.125 mm.

Types: Victoria University Cat. No. F 592, holotype, and Fp592, 10 paratypes.

Type Locality: 544f956, sea-cliff, Point Elizabeth section, 5 miles north of Greymouth, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 544 (second ed., 1957), Grid ref. 751964.

Type Level: Runangan stage (late Upper Eocene).

Remarks: Some densely hispid specimens with strongly inflated chambers resemble N eouvigerina, but never approach that genus in size. The angularity of the periphery shows considerable variation. The juvenile forms with a triangular test resemble Trifarina, while the adult forms with loosely arranged inflated chambers resemble forms like Uvigerina.

Distribution; Infrequent to frequent in the Runangan and Whaingaroan at Gape Foulwind; frequent in the Kaiatan, becoming common in the Runangan at Point Elizabeth. Most of the forms found at Gape Foulwind are juveniles.

Observed Stratigraphic Range: Kaiatan to Whaingaroan (early Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene).

Trifarina edwardsi n.sp., PI. 3, figs. 7,9, 10.

Description: Test about twice as long as broad, triangular in cross-section, with sharp angles, the sides slightly concave; chambers distinct, concave at the base, initially triangular, becoming staggered uniserial in the adult; sutures strongly depressed, aperture terminal, circular with a short neck and a very slightly rounded lip. In some specimens the neck is very short, as if it is obsolescent.

Dimensions of holotype: length, 0.35 mm; breadth, 0.13 mm.

Variability: In some specimens one or two fine longitudinal costae have been observed, arising from the peripheral angles.

Types: Victoria University Cat. No. F 593, holotype, and Fp593, 5 paratypes.

Type Locality: 523f521, sea-cliff. Cape Foulwind section, Westport, New Zealand, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 523 (provisional 1 mile series), Grid ref. 972736.

Type Level: Runangan Stage (late Upper Eocene).

Remarks: This species resembles A. macgillavryi Pijpers, but differs in the rather uniform shape of the test, and sharper angles.

Distribution: Common in one sample from the Runangan at Gape Foulwind; rare in the Kaiatan, infrequent in the Runangan, at Point Elizabeth.

Observed Stratigraphic Range; Kaiatan to Runangan (Upper Eocene)

Genus Kolesnikovella Bykova, 1958 Type Species: Tritaxia elongata Halkyard, 1918.

Kolesnikovella australis (Heron-Allen and Earland), PI, 6, fig. 11.

1924. Uvigerina canariensis d’Orbigny var. australis Heron-Allen and Earland. Roy. micr. Soc. London Jour. 1924, p. 164, PI. 11, figs. 67-70.

Remarks; This species has until now been classed as Angulogerina, but has chamber arrangement and apertural characters as in the type species of Kolesnikovella. K australis closely resembles K. vicksburgensis (Cushman), from the lower Oligocene of Mississippi, differing only in the less distinct sutures and larger test.

Distribution: Rare in the Runangan and Whaingaroan at Cape Foulwind; frequent in the Kaiatan at Point Elizabeth.

Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Bortonian (Middle Eocene) to Recent.

Superfamily DISCORBACEA Ehrenberg, 1838 Family DISGORBIDAE Ehrenberg, 1838 Subfamly DISGORBINAE Ehrenberg, 1838 Genus Disgorbis Lamarck, 1804

Type Species: Discorbis vesicularis Lamarck, 1804.

Discorbis rajnathi, n.sp., PI. 3, figs. 12, 14.

Description: Test minute, planoconvex, the dorsal side distinctly convex, the ventral side flattened or very slightly concave; periphery subacute to slightly rounded; chambers about five in the last whorl, slightly inflated. Dorsally the sutures are distinct, curved, depressed, and limbate; ventrally the sutures are slightly curved, nearly radiate, and gently depressed; the inner ends of the chambers on the ventral side are thickened and raised into knob-like projections which nearly obscure the umbilicus; wall smooth, translucent; aperture ventral opening into the umbilicus, which is obscure.

Types: Victoria University Cat. No. F 605, holotype, and Fp6os, 5 paratypes.

Type Locality: 523f544, Cape Foulwind section, Westport, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 523 (provisional 1 mile series), Grid ref. 976739.

Type Level: Lower Whaingaroan Stage (basal Oligocene)

Remarks: Distinguished by small size, the presence of knob-like, thickened, and raised inner ends of chambers on ventral side, and smooth translucent dorsal surface. The knob-like projections surrounding the umbilicus (possibly supplementary plates covering sutural apertures) suggest relation of this species to the genus Reinholdella.

Distribution: Frequent in the lower Whaingaroan at Cape Foulwind; not found at Point Elizabeth.

Observed Stratigraphic Range; Lower Whaingaroan (basal Oligocene).

Genus Pij Persia Thalmann, 1954

Type Species: Bonairea coronaeformis Pijpers, 1933. Diameter of holotype: 0.21 mm.

Pijpersia gracilis, n.sp., PI. 3, figs. 13, 15.

Description; Test small, slender, about two whorls visible on dorsal side with five to six chambers in the final whorl, dorsal side flat; the central part of each chamber has a keel running from the spiral suture to the periphery, which sometimes its serrated; chambers nearly pentagonal and angular, sutures curved, distinctly depressed in last whorl; ventral side concave and smooth with nearly radial sutures; aperture a distinct arched opening on the ventral into the umbilicus.

Dimensions of holotype: length, 0.23 mm; breadth, 0.20 mm.

Types: Victoria University Cat. No. F 727, holotype; and Fp727, 2 paratypes.

Type Locality: 523f521, Gape Foulwind section, Westport, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 23 (provisional 1 mile series), Grid ref. 972736.

Type Level: Runangan Stage (late Upper Eocene).

Remarks: Differs from P. coronaeformis (Pijpers) in having distinct pentagonal chambers with sharp domed keels and in having nearly radial sutures and an arched aperture on the ventral side.

The genus is reported from the Upper Eocene of Bonaire Island, Netherland Antilles (P. coronaeformis (Pijpers)), from the Upper Eocene of Panama (P. dariensis (Coryell and Embich)), and from the Eocene of Netherlands (P. geleenensis (Van Bellen)), and is probably restricted to the Upper Eocene.

Distribution; Rare in the Runangan at Cape Foulwind; not found at Point Elizabeth.

Observed Stratigraphic Range: Runangan (late Upper Eocene).

Genus Eoeponidella Wickenden, 1949 Type Species: Eoeponidella linki Wickenden, 1949.

Eoeponidella zealandica (Hornibrook).

1961. Heminwayina zealandica Hornibrook; N.Z. geol. Surv. pal. Bull. 34(1): 114, PI. 16, figs. 352, 354-5.

Remarks; Reiss (1963) described Heminwayina Bermudez, 1951, as having a bilammelid wall structure with no tooth-plate, and considers it to be a member of the family Rosalinidae. Loeblich and Tappan (1964) placed Heminwayina in the synonymy of Eoeponidella after examining both the type species, Discorhis multisectus Galloway and Heminway, 1944, and Eoeponidella linki Wickenden, 1949.

Distribution: Frequent to common in the Runangan and Whaingaroan at Cape Foulwind; one specimen in the Runangan at Point Elizabeth. This appears to be a shallow-water species.

Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Runangan to Duntroonian (late Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene).

Subfamily BAGGININAE Cushman, 1927 Genus Cancris Montfort, 1808

Type Species; Cancris auriculatus Montfort, 1808.

Cancris lateralis Finlay minima, n.subsp., PI. 4, figs. 1-3.

1961. Cancris lateralis Hornibrook; N.Z. geol. Surv. pal. Bull. 34(1): 120 (in part).

Description; Similar to C. lateralis, but small, having nearly circular outline, sto 7 chambers in the last whorl, increasing rapidly as added, and progressively more swollen, dorsal surface nearly flat; chambers elongate, nearly crescentic, with dense, fine perforations; periphery bluntly rounded, sutures distinct and depressed; above the aperture a sub-circular translucent area on ventral surface of the last-formed chamber; aperture small, crescentshaped, generally hidden by a lip.

Dimensions of holotype: length, 0.475 mm; breadth, 0.34 mm; thickness, 0.25 mm,

Types: Victoria University Cat. No. F6OB, holotype, and Fp6oß, 6 paratypes

Type Locality: 523f527, sea-cliff, Cape Foulwind section, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 523 (provisional 1 mile series), Grid ref. 973736.

Type Level; Runangan Stage (late Upper Eocene)

Remarks: This new subspecies is smaller than the typical C. lateralis, and has the chambers less compressed and less flaring. It is probably the direct ancestor of lateralis.

Distribution : Frequent in the Runangan and common in the Whaingaroan at Cape Foulwind; not found at Point Elizabeth,

Observed Stratigraphic Range: Runangan to Whaingaroan (late Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene).

Family GLABRATELLIDAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1964 Genus Glabratella Dorreen, 1948

Type Species: Glabratella crassa Dorreen, 1948.

Glabratella finlayi, n.sp., PI. 4, figs. 4, 7.

Description; Test globose, trochoid, about 2 whorls visible on the dorsal side, 4 chambers forming the last whorl; the surface on the ventral side smooth to finely perforate, the dorsal surface hispid and coarsely perforate, the earlier chambers with small blunt spines; sutures distinct, depressed; aperture a round opening in the centre of the ventral side, surrounded by a raised rim ornamented with fine radial grooves

Dimensions of holotype: length, 0.28 mm; breadth, 0.26 mm.

Types: Victoria University Cat. No. F6lO, holotype, and Fp6lo, one paratype.

Type Locality: 523f534, Cape Foulwind section, Westport, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 523 (provisional 1 mile series), Grid ref. 974736.

Type Level; Runangan Stage (late Upper Eocene).

Remarks : Distinguished by the smooth raised rim around the aperture, the trochoid shell, and hispid ornament on the dorsal surface.

Distribution : Very rare in the Runangan at Cape Foulwind. Observed Stratigraphic Range; Runangan (late Upper Eocene)

Superfamily ROTALIACEA Ehrenberg, 1839 Family ELPHIDIIDAE Galloway, 1933 Subfamily ELPHIDIINAE Galloway, 1933 Genus Elphidium Montfort, 1808

Type Species: Nautilus macellus Fichtel and Moll, 1798.

Elphidium hornibrooki, n.sp., PI. 4, figs. 8, 12

1961. Elphidium cf. advenum (Cushman); Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. pal. Bull. 34(1): 129.

Description: Test planispiral, involute, close coiled, periphery with a blunt rounded keel; chambers distinct, about 9 to 11 chambers in the adfult-whorl; sutures limbate, slightly curved, each one joined by 4 to 5 distinct retral processes, sometimes causing coarsely pitted appearance on the test; aperture a row of circular openings at the base of terminal face.

Diameter of holotype: 0.25 mm.

Types: Victoria University Cat. No. F 619, holotype; and Fp6l9, 4 paratypes,

Type Locality: 523f552, sea-cliff, Cape Foulwind section, Westport, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 523 (provisional 1 mile series), Grid ref. 975735.

Type Level: Whaingaroan Stage (Lower Oligocene).

Remarks: This species differs from E. omotoensis in not having the distinct umbilical area with covered shell material, and in having more distinct retral processes. The round keel and the shape of the apertural face distinguish it from E. patagonicum Todd and Knicker, from the Upper Eocene Agua Fresca Formation, South America,

The present species may have descended from the Lower Bortonian (Middle Eocene) E. hampdenensis Finlay, from which it differs in its smaller size, prominent round keel, and the outline in the apertural view.

Distribution: Infrequent to frequent in the Runangan and Whaingaroan at Cape Foulwind; not found at Point Elizabeth.

Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Runangan to Awamoan (late Upper Eocene to Lower Miocene).

Subfamily FAUJASININAE Bermudez, 1952

Genus Porosorotalia Voloshinova, 1958 Type Species: Notorotalia clarki Voloshinova, 1952.

Voloshinova (1958) and Hornibrook (1961) have independently erected Porosorotalia and Cribrorotalia respectively for the forms resembling Notorotalia but differing from it in their granular rather than costate ornamentation, in their canal system, and in their well-developed umbonal plug. Both of these authors have included Dorreen’s species Notorotalia tainuia in their new genus. The synonymy of Porosorotalia and Cribrorotalia has been noted by Loeblich and Tappan (1964).

Superfamily ORBITOIDACEA Schwager, 1876 Family GIBICIDIDAE Cushman, 1927

Subfamily CIBICIDININAE Cushman, 1927 Genus Cibicides Montfort, 1808

Type Species: Cibicides refulgens Montfort, 1808.

From the recent work by Loeblich and Tappan (1964), on the wall structure and habitat of the Cibicides- like shells, it is apparent that the New Zealand shells that have been included in the genus Cibicides belong to more than one genus. Until a detailed study of the wall structure of these New Zealand shells is carried out it will not be possible to differentiate them as suggested by Loeblich and Tappan, and they are here still included in Cibicides.

Cibicides pronovozelandicus, n.sp., PI. 4, figs. 5,6, 11.

Description: Shell of medium size, compact, thick-walled, plano-convex to biconvex, densely perforate, and glossy; dorsal side flat to slightly convex, with glassy secondary deposit over early whorls obscuring the early sutures; 2 to 3 whorls visible, last whorl with about 10 to 12 chambers separated by curved limbate sutures; the ventral surface more convex, with limbate, depressed, and strongly curved sutures; aperture a short, rimmed slit extending from the base of the terminal face over the periphery and a short distance along the spiral suture on the dorsal side.

Dimensions of holotype: diameter, 0.84 mm; thickness, 0.45 mm.

Variation : This form shows much variation in the convexity on the dorsal (evolute) side and in the compression of the test.

Types: Victoria University Gat. No. F 635, holotype, and Fp635, 5 paratypes.

Type Locality: 5544f952, sea-cliff, Point Elizabeth section, 5 miles north of Greymouth, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 544 (second ed., 1957), Grid ref. 755965.

Type Level: Kaiatan Stage (early Upper Eocene).

Remarks: The name pronovozelandicus was used by Finlay in manuscript notes. C. pronovozelandicus is the Eocene representative of the C. novozelandicus lineage. This includes C. karreriformis Hornibrook, which is restricted to the Whaingaroan, and C. novozelandicus (Karrer), which ranges from Duntroonian to Tongaporutuan. C. pronovozelandicus is smaller than both karreriformis and novozelandicus and also has a less convex dorsal surface, more conical ventral surface, and sharper periphery. Its transverse sutures are similar to those of novozelandicus and are less limbate and less strongly curved than those of karreriformis.

Distribution ; Frequent to common in the Runangan and Whaingaroan at Gape Foulwind; frequent in the Kaiatan, rare in the Runangan, and common in the Whaingaroan at Point Elizabeth.

Observed Stratigraphic Range: Kaiatan to Whaingaroan (early Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene).

Family HOMOTREMATIDAE Cushman, 1927

Subfamily VICTORIELLINAE Chapman and Crespin, 1930 Genus Wadella n.gen.

Type Species: Carpenteria hamiltonensis Glaessner and Wade, 1959

Loeblich and Tappan (1964) restricted the genus Carpenteria to the low conical forms like the type species. They split off the high cylindrical forms pre-

viously placed in the genus Carpenteria into a new genus, Biarritzina. Biarritzina was proposed as norm, subst. for the forms growing upright, trochospirally coiled, later chambers in loose coil, tending to become uniserial, and aperture rounded and terminal.

The forms described as Carpenteria hamiltonensis Glaessner and Wade, C. rotaliformis Chapman and Grespin, and C. globiformis Chapman, from Australia and New Zealand, do not resemble Carpenteria (s.s.) nor Biarritzina, but appear to be close to Victoriella. The structure of Victoriella has been discussed in detail by Reiss (1957) and that of Victoriella (V. conoidea (Rutten), V. ‘ plecte 3 (Chapman)), ‘Carpenteria 3 (C. hamiltonensis and C. rotaliformis, non Carpenteria (s.s.)), Maslinella, and of the family Victoriellidae, by Glaessner and Wade (1959). Glaessner and Wade found that their ‘Carpenteria 3 (hamiltonensis and rotaliformis) and Victoriella were constantly and distinctly different, and thus preserved both genera.

Since f C 3 hamiltonensis and f C 3 rotaliformis do not fall within the definition of Carpenteria (s.s.) or Biarritzina, a new genus Wadella is here proposed, with the type species designated as Carpenteria hamiltonensis Glaessner and Wade. The genus Wadella differs from Carpenteria (s.s.) in that it has a high-spired test like Victoriella, with an umbilical aperture, and from Victoriella by the lack of pillars in the walls. Since Wadella closely resembles Victoriella it is placed in the family Homotrematidae.

Wadella hamiltonensis (Glaessner and Wade), PI. 4, fig. 13

1959. Carpenteria hamiltonensis Glaessner and Wade; Miicropaleontology, 5(2): 200, PI. 1, figs. 9-11; PI. 3, figs. 1-2.

Dimensions of hypotype: length, 1.30 mm; breadth, 0.98 mm.

Remarks: Differs from C. globiformis Chapman in having a more elongate, conical test.

Distribution: Very rare in the lower part of the Runangan at Cape Foulwind; not found at Point Elizabeth. It is significant that it occurs with Hantkenina alabamensis, as in South Australia.

Observed Stratigraphic Range: Lower Runangan (late Upper Eocene).

Superfamily GASSIDULINACEA d’Orbigny, 1839 Family CAUCASINIDAE Bykova, 1959

Subfamily FURSENKOININAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1961 Genus Fursenkoina Loeblich and Tappan, 1961

Type Species: Virgulina squammosa d’Orbigny, 1826.

Loeblich and Tappan (1961) proposed Fursenkoina for the forms previously referred to as Virgulina d’Orbigny 1826. The name Virgulina is preoccupied by Bory de St Vincent, 1823.

Genus Virguloides n.gen.

Type Species: Virguloids wellmani Srinivasan (Lower Oligocene, New Zealand).

Diagnosis: Early part of the shell like Fursenkoina; final chamber forming slightly more than one-third of the shell, placed in line with the longitudinal axis, like the first chamber in a rectilinear series; aperture terminal, long, narrow, slightly arcuate.

Virguloides appears to have the same relationship to Fursenkoina as Loxostomoides has to Bolivina. Virgulina recta Cushman, 1933 (Upper Eocene, Jackson, south-eastern United States), Virgulina halkyardi Cushman, 1936 (Eocene, Blue marl) and Virgulina yazooensis Cushman and Todd, 1948 (Upper Eocene, Yazoo clay, Jackson group) may possibly be congeneric.

Virguloides wellmani, n.sp., PI. 5, figs. 4, 5.

Description: Test elongate, initially slightly compressed, greatest breadth above the middle, circular to oval in cross-section; chambers distinct, slightly inflated; sutures slightly depressed, nearly horizontal; wall smooth; aperture a narrow, elongate, slightly arcuate slit in terminal face.

Length of holotype: 0.60 mm.

Types: Victoria University Cat. No. F 654, holotype; and Fp654, 2 paratypes

Type Locality: 5441963, sea-cliff, Point Elizabeth, Point Elizabeth section, 5 miles north of Greymouth, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 544 (second ed., 1957), Grid ref. 747966.

Type Level: Whaingaroan Stage (Lower Oligocene).

Distribution: Infrequent in the Whaingaroan at Point Elizabeth; not found at Gape Foulwind.

Observed Stratigraphic Range: Whaingaroan (Lower Oligocene).

Family ALABAMINIDAE Hofker, 1951 Genus Gyroidina d’Orbigny, 1826

Type Species: Gyroidina orbicularis d’Orbigny, 1826.

Gyroidina jenkinsi, n.sp., PI. 5, figs, 1,6, 10.

Description: Test of moderate size, biconvex, completely evolute on dorsal side, involute on ventral side; about 3 whorls, with 8 to 9 chambers in the last whorl, chamber width nearly equal to length; sutures flush, slightly limbate, and gently curved; on ventral side sutures nearly straight, but near the periphery gently recurved; periphery subrounded; umbilicus closed; aperture a low interiomarginal slit restricted to middle portion of apertural face.

Dimensions of holotype: diameter, 0.325 mm; thickness, 0.24 mm.

Variation: The dorsal surface varies from nearly flat to moderately convex. The degree of convexity on the evolute side varies from specimen to specimen.

Types; Victoria University Cat. No. F 670, holotype; and Fp67o, 5 paratypes.

Type Locality: 523f552, sea-cliff, Cape Foulwind section, Westport, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 523 (provisional 1 mile series), Grid ref. 979735.

Type Level: Whaingaroan Stage (Lower Oligocene).

Remarks; A few specimens show small indentations at the junction of the spiral and radial suture on the dorsal surface, which might suggest its relation to Oridorsatis; but, since this character was not observed in most of the specimens examined, it is tentatively placed in Gyroidina.

Distribution: At Cape Foulwind infrequent in the Runangan and frequent in the Whaingaroan; at Point Elizabeth, infrequent in the Kaiatan, frequent in the Runangan, and rare in the Whaingaroan.

Observed Stratigraphic Range: Kaiatan to Whaingaroan (early Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene).

Genus Oridorsalis Andersen, 1961 Type Species: Oridorsalis westi Andersen, 1961.

Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss), PI. 5, figs. 2,7, 11.

1851. Rotalina umbonata Reuss; Z. dtsch. geol. Ges. 3: 75, PI. 5, fig. 35

1926. Pulvinulina umbonata (Reuss); Chapman, N.Z. geol. Surv. pal. Bull. 11: 84, PI. 17, fig. 3.

1940. Eponides umbonatus; Finlay and Marwick, Trans, roy. soc. N.Z. 70(1): 110.

1954. Pseudoeponides umbonatus; Parker, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard, 3(10): 530.

1960. Pseudoeponides umbonatus; Phleger, Johns Hopkins Press: 60, fig. 24 (table).

1961. Eponides umbonatus; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. pal. Bull. 34(1): 109.

Dimensions of hypotype: diameter, 0.34 mm; thickness, 0.20 mm.

Remarks; Uchio (1953; 1960) and Parker (1964) placed Rotalina umbonata Reuss in Pseudoeponides, and Uchio regarded the genus as related to Eponides. Loeblich and Tappan (1964) placed R. umbonata in Eponides because it is bilamellid and has no supplementary slits and tooth-plate.

R. umbonata lacks the narrow to broad umbilical depression (pseudoumbilicus of Loeblich and Tappan) and strongly curved dorsal sutures and thick shell of typical Eponides, but is very close to a similar Recent species, “Eponides ” tenera (Brady), probably a descendant of umbonatus. Barker (1960) placed tenera tentatively in Eponides, since he could not see the supplementary apertures on any of the specimens of tenera he examined from the Pacific area. But this species has been placed in Pseudoeponides by Parker (1954) and by Gibson (in press), both of whom state that supplementary apertures are present in some specimens. The writer has seen the supplementary aperture on Gibson’s specimens, which are from the Upper Miocene of New Zealand. The general pattern, the shape, chamber and sutural arrangement, and the supplementary apertures noted by Parker and Gibson in tenera are similar to Oridorsalis westi, the type species of Oridorsalis. Oridorsalis differs from Pseudoeponides in the shape and arrangement of the supplementary slits and in having a carinate periphery. In the writer’s opinion, therefore, Eponides tenera {= Pseudoeponides tenera) should be placed in the genus Oridorsalis. Because of its close similarity to tenera, E. umbonatus is also included in Oridorsalis.

Distribution: Frequent in the Runangan and Whaingaroan at Cape Foulwind; common to frequent from the Kaiatan to the Whaingaroan at Point Elizabeth.

Recorded Stratigraphic Range; Bortonian to Awamoan (Middle Eocene to Lower Miocene).

Family ANOMALINIDAE Cushman, 1927 Subfamily ANOMALININAE Cushman, 1927 Genus Melonis Montfort, 1808

Type Species: Nautilus pompilioides Fichtel and Moll, 1798.

Melonis pacimaoricum, n.sp., PI. 4, figs. 9, 10.

Description; Shell moderately large, densely and finely perforate, planispiral, bilaterally symmetrical consisting of many tightly coiled whorls, about 14 chambers in the final whorl; sutures gently curved, limbate, particularly near the umbulicus; periphery slightly compressed and rather narrowly rounded; aperture a narrow slit at the base of the terminal face, meeting the umbilicus and extending along the inner margin of the whorl on either side.

Diameter of holotype: 0.25 mm.

Types: Victoria University Gat. No. F6BB, holotype; and Fp6BB, 4 paratypes.

Type Locality: 544f949, sea-cliff, Point Elizabeth section, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 544 (second ed., 1957), Grid ref. 758967.

Type Level: Kaiatan Stage (early Upper Eocene)

Remarks: The name pacimaoricum was used by Finlay in manuscript notes. This species differs from M. maoricum (Stache) in the gently compressed periphery, more finely perforate walls, and the inner ends of the sutures projecting into the umbilicus typically with plate-like extensions.

Distribution : Frequent in the Runangan and rare in the Whaingaroan at Gape Foulwind; common in the Kaiatan and Runangan, and frequent in the Whaingaroan at Point Elizabeth.

Observed Stratigraphic Range; Kaiatan to Whaingaroan (early Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene),

Superfamily ROBERTINACEA Reuss, 1850 Family GERATOBULIMINIDAE Cushman, 1927

Subfamily CERATOBULIMININAE Cushman, 1927 Genus Ceratolamarckina Troelsen, 1954

Type Species; Ceratobulimina tuberculata Brotzen, 1948.

Ceratolamarckina clarki, n.sp., PI. 5, figs. 12, 13, 15.

Description: Test small, slightly longer than broad, peripheral outline lobate, roughly oblong with rounded corners, peripheral edge rounded; about 5 chambers in the last-formed whorl, rapidly increasing in size; dorsal sutures slightly curved, limbate, and gently depressed; ventral side umbilicate with nearly straight depressed radial sutures; wall smooth except on the apertural face and in the anterior part of he umbilicus, where it is ornamented with fine pustules; aperture situated in the umbilicus, a rather wide slit with a small notch on ks posterior (distal) end.

Dimensions of holotype: length, 0.275 mm; breadth, 0.18 mm; thickness, 0.15 mm.

Types: Victoria University Cat. No. F 695, holotype; and Fp695, 4 paratypes.

Type Locality: 544f954, sea-cliff, Point Elizabeth section, 5 miles north of Greymouth, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 544 (second ed., 1957), Grid ref. 753965.

Type Level; Kaiatan Stage (early Upper Eocene).

Remarks: Finlay (1947) reported poorly preserved specimens evidently of this species in the Runangan part of the Omotumotu beds.

The species is characterised by the pustules on the apertural face and on the anterior end of the umbilicus. It closely resembles Ceratolamarckina jutlandica Troelsen, which is characterised by its rounded hexagonal outline and its large pointed final chamber with a straight dorsal margin of the apertural face.

Distribution: Rare in the Runangan and one specimen in the Whaingaroan at Cape Foulwind; frequent in the Kaiatan at Point Elizabeth.

Observed Stratigraphic Range: Kaiatan to Lower Whaingaroan (early Upper Eocene to basal Oligocene).

Genus Vellaena, n.gen.

Type Species: Vellaena zealandica (Upper Eocene, New Zealand).

Description: Test free, trochospiral, chambers enlarging rapidly, whorls few, coiling dextral, surface smooth and polished. Dorsally the glossy material of each transverse dorsal suture extends forward as narrow hook-like structures curving in towards the spiral suture; possibly the dorsal attachment of internal partitions; on the ventral side translucent bands adjacent to the periphery as in Stomatorhina. Wall calcareous, of argonite (by X-ray diffraction, R. Walcott pers. comm.). Aperture on ventral side an elongate slit, with a groove extending up face of final chamber.

Remarks: Vellaena seems to be an intermediate genus between Ceratohulimina (subfamily Ceratobulimininae) and Stomatorhina (subfamily Epistomininae). It resembles the former genus in apertural character and general shell pattern, while it resembles the latter in having the translucent bands adjacent to the periphery only on the umbilical side.

This genus suggests a possible relation of the Epistomininae to the Ceratobuliminae by possessing characteristics of both subfamilies. It has been here included in the Ceratobulimininae because of its predominantly dextral coiling and typically ceratobulimine aperture.

Vellaena zealandica, n.sp., PI. 5, figs. 14, 15, 17, 18.

1948. Stomatorhina sp. Dorreen; J. Paleont. 22(3): 296, PI. 39, fig. 5.

Description: Shell sub-elliptical, strongly convex on dlorsal side, umbilical side concave to slightly convex, 5 to 6 chambers in the last whorl, increasing rapidly in size as added. Dorsal sutures strongly curved, limbate, and flush; the glossy material of each transverse dorsal suture extends forward as a narrow hook-shaped structure for about one-half the width of the chamber, curving in towards the spiral suture. Ventral sutures nearly radial, flush, and slightly limbate, except the last one which is incised and not limbate; margin compressed with a blunt edge. Most of the shell is opaque, but the ventral side has translucent bands parallel to and adjacent to the periphery. No specimens showed any true supplementary aperture. Aperture typically ceratobulimine, wedge-shaped, extending in groove up face on the ventral side of final chamber, generally partly covered by a plate.

Dimensions of holotype: length, 0.375 mm; breadth, 0.325 mm, thickness, 0.15 mm. Types: Victoria University Cat. No. F 690, holotype; and Fp69o, 6 paratypes.

Type Locality: 523f534, sea-cliff, Cape Fculwind section, Westport, N.Z.M.S. 1, Sheet 523 (provisional 1 mile series), Grid ref. 974736.

Type Level; Runangan Stage (late Upper Eocene).

Distribution; Frequent to common in the Runangan and Lower Whaingaroan at Cape Foulwind; rare in the Runangan at Point Elizabeth.

Observed Stratigraphic Range: Runangan to Whaingaroan (later Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene).

Acknowledgments

Sincere thanks are expressed to Dr Paul Vella for his helpful advice and criticism during the writing of this paper. Thanks are also extended to Mr N. de B. Homibrook for providing the results of his study of the original specimens of Karrer’s and Stache’s species deposited in the Natural History Museum, Vienna, and also for allowing full access to literature and collections held at New Zealand Geological Survey. The writer is deeply grateful to Professor R. H. Clark for making available all facilities needed for this investigation.

This research was carried out during the tenure of a New Zealand Commonwealth Scholarship at Victoria University of Wellington.

References

Beckmann, J. P., 1953. Die Foraminiferen der Oceanie-Formation (Eocaen-Oligocaen) von Barbados, Kl. Antillen. Eclogae Geol. Helvetiae 46(2): 301-412.

Bermudez, P. J., 1949. Tertiary smaller Foraminifera of the Dominican Republic. Spec. Publ. Cushman Lab. 25: 1-322.

Cushman, J. A., 1939. A monograph of the Foraminiferal family Nonionidae: U.S. geol. Surv. prof. Pap. 191: 1-69, Pis. 1-20.

J. i X J - - 22(4): 107-117.

Harvard Univ. Press: 1-478, Pis. 1-55.

Cushman, J. A.; Todd, R., 1942. The genus Cancris and its species. Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res. 18(4): 72-94.

— 1945. Foraminifera of the type locality of the Moodys Marl member of the Jackson Formation of Mississippi. Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res. 21(4): 79-105.

Cushman, J. A., Renz, H. H., 1948. Eocene Foraminifera of the Navet and Hospital Hill Formations of Trinidad, 8.W.1. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res. spec. Publ. 24: 1-42.

Chapman, F., 1926. The Cretaceous and Tertiary Foraminifera of New Zealand, with an appendix on the Ostracoda. N.Z. geol. Surv. pal. Bull. 11: I—ll 9.

Dorreen, J. M., 1948. A foraminiferal fauna from the Kaiatan Stage (Upper Eocene) of New Zealand: Jour. Pal. 22(3): 281-300.

Ellis, B. E.; Messina, A. R., 1940-65. Catalogue of Foraminifera. New York; American Mus. Nat. Hist.

Finlay, H. J., 1959. New Zealand Foraminifera: key species in Stratigraphy, No. 1. Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 68: 504-533.

Soc. N.Z. 69(1): 89-128.

Soc. N.Z. 69(3): 309-329.

Soc. N.Z. 69(4): 448-472.

Finlay, H. J., 1947. New Zealand Foraminifera; key species in Stratigraphy, No. 5. N.Z. J. Sci. Tech. B28(5): 327-352.

Finlay, H. J.; Marwick, J., 1947. New divisions of the New Zealand Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary in New Zealand. Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 70(1) : 77—135.

Gibson, G. W., 1963. Some Miocene Stratigraphy and Paleontology—the Tongaparutuan Stage: Victoria University of Wellington Ph.D. thesis (unpublished), lodged in Victoria University Library.

"■■IS Glaessner, M. F.; Wade, M., 1939. Revision of the foraminiferal family Victoriellidae: Micro pal. 5(2): 193-212.

Hofker, J., 1951. The Foraminifera of the Siboga expedition, part 3, Ordo. Dentata . . . Rotalidae: Siboga Exped. Monogr. 4A: 1—513.

the Eocene species. Jour. Paleont. 30(4); 891-958.

Hornibrook, N. de 8., 1959. In Fleming, C. A., ed., Lex. Strut, internat., 6, Oceanic-. Kaiatan Stage, p. 151; Omotumotu beds, p. 227; Runangan Stage, p. 357; Waiarekan Stage, p. 424; Whaingaroan Stage, p. 473.

distribution. N.Z. geol. Surv. pal. Bull. 34(1): 1—192, Pis. 1-28.

New Zealand: N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 5(4): 646-651.

Karrer, F., 1865. Die Foraminiferen-faune des Tertiaren Griinsandsteins der Orakei Bay bei Auckland. Paleontologie von Neu-Seeland. Novara-Exped. Geol. Theil. 1; 69-86.

Kaasschieter, J. P. H., 1961. Foraminifera of the Eocene of Belgium: Inst. roy. des Sci. nat. Belg., Mem. 147: 1-271, PI. 1-16.

Laligker, C. G., 1935. New Tertiary Textulariidae. Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res. 11: 39-51, Pis. 6-7.

Loeblich, A. R.; Tappan, H., 1964. In Moore, R. C., ed.: Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology/, (C), Protista 2(1) & 2: 900 pp.

Reiss, Z., 1963. Reclassification of the perforate Foraminifera: Israel geol. Surv. Bull. 35: 111 pp.

Stache, G., 1865. Die Foraminiferen der Tertiaren Mergel des Whaingaroa-Hafens (Prov. Auckland), mit 4 tafeln (XXI-XXIV). Paleontologie von Neu-Seeland, NovaraExped. Geol. Theil 1(2): 159-304.

Troelsen, J. G., 1954. Studies of Ceratobuliminidae: Meddelelser fra Dansk geolosgisk forening 12, Copenhagen.

Uchio, T., 1952. An interesting relation between Stomatorbina Dorreen 1948, and Mississippina Howe 1930, of Foraminifera. Trans. Proc. paleont. Soc. Japan (n.s.) 7: 195-200.

Vella, P., 1957. Studies in New Zealand Foraminifera, Part 1; Foraminifera from Cook Strait; part 2: Upper Miocene to Recent species of the genus Notorotalia. N.Z. geol. Surv. pal. Bull. 28; 1-64.

1961. Upper Oligocene and Miocene Uvigerinid Foraminifera from Raukumara Peninsula, New Zealand. Micropal. 7(4): 467-483.

M. S. Srinxvasan, Ph.D., Geology Department, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.

Age New Zealand Australia U.S.A. Trinidad) and Venezuela Europe Egypt Recent subreticulata Pleistocene Pliocene affiliata Miocene hyramensis retiformis Oligocene anastomosa hyramensis Upper Eocene pontis reticulata

Table I. Distribution of the genus Latibolivina.