Fossil Localities of the Torlesse Group in the South Island

Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand : Geology, Volume 3, Issue 8, 22 July 1965, Page 99

Fossil Localities of the Torlesse Group in the South Island

J. D. Campbell

Guyon Warren

(With Map in Pocket.)

By

and

[Received by the Editor, 2 November 1964.]

Abstract

About 350 fossil localities are known in rocks of the Torlesse Group in the South Island. The fossils are preserved in a variety of lithologies and their mode of occurrence includes isolated shell fragments, shell-beds, and organic limestones. Some are life assemblages preserved at or near the place of living; others are redeposited and have been transported as dead shells. They range in age from Permian to Lower Cretaceous and allow recognition of at least nine zones. Many also occur in the Southland Syncline and comparable facies in Nelson and South Auckland, but some are apparently restricted to the Torlesse Group.

Introduction

This paper incorporates “A Census of Fossil Localities in Alpine Facies Rocks of the South Island ”, by J. D. Campbell, read before the Canterbury Branch on 6 August 1958. It is a review of the present status of paleontology of the South Island members of the Torlesse Group, rocks predominantly of greywacke composition which make up most of the higher land of Canterbury and Marlborough and parts of Nelson, Westland, and Otago. Earlier reviews have been published by McKay (1881), Benson (1921), and Wellman (1952).

Between the times of writing of McKay and Wellman the number of known fossil localities in Torlesse rocks of the South Island had increased only slightly. In the last decade or so, many localities have been added, notably in Canterbury. In large part credit must go to Wellman for the inspiration that led to the revival of interest in these rocks. He recognised the extent and significance of the Alpine Fault as a major structural boundary, and later demonstrated the differences in lithology, fossil content, and structure between the Permian to Jurassic sediments west and south of the schist in Nelson and Southland and those to the east, with which we are here concerned. He recognised the large measure of depositional and structural unity of this great mass of rocks and proposed the term Alpine Facies for them.

Interest in the greywackes has heightened as the four-mile mapping project of the Geological Survey has proceeded. Many new fossil localities have been found

and Suggate (1961) has introduced the rock unit Torlesse Group (derived from Haast’s Mount Torlesse Formation) to accommodate the greywacke and argillite east of the schist of the Southern Alps.

We are very grateful to Professor R. S. Allan for his interest and help while we were members of his department; he very generously made available to us a carefully prepared manuscript on the distribution of Terehellina.

The present census includes many records that have not previously been published. In compiling details of these, we have received ready co-operation from a large number of people, and wish to record our sincere gratitude. We must mention particularly the non-professional geologists, especially Messrs G. M. Mason and O. R. Wilkes, whose many discoveries accelerated interest in the Torlesse Group fossil localities of Canterbury and Nelson. Dr P. B. Maling, Messrs j. R. Jackson and T. J. H. Chinn have also made new information available. Increasingly the study of Torlesse rocks is being included in university theses, and we are pleased to record our gratitude to Messrs P. A. Maxwell, R. J. Rybum, and Shu Yeoh Khoon for permission to include much new information. Messrs A. C. Beck, H. E. Fyfe, H. S. Gair, D. R. Gregg, W. D. M. Hall, G. J. Lensen, A. R. Mutch, L. E. Oborn, and Drs M, Gage and R. P. Suggate have each contributed data on fossil occurrences.

We are grateful for the help and company of field companions on many trips. The value of this paper is greatly enhanced by the paleontological work of Drs G. A. Fleming, J. Marwick, G. Norris, I. G. Speden and J. B. Waterhouse, much of it done especially for this paper, and particularly by the careful checking of many Geological Survey collections by Dr G. R. Stevens.

We are indebted to Professor D. S. Coombs, Dr Fleming, and Mr Gregg for helpful discussions. Dr W. D. Means kindly commented on the problem of tectonic deformation. The plates were prepared by Mr R. H. Hardie. The work was supported in part by a Hutton Grant of the Royal Society of New Zealand and by a University of New Zealand Research Grant.

Definition and Scope of Torlesse Group

The Torlesse Group includes that part of the sequence deposited in the New Zealand Geosyncline that is predominantly of greywacke-argillite facies and is lexturally less altered than the low-grade schist (Chlorite 2 Subzone of Hutton and Turner, 1936) into which it commonly grades to the south and west.

In Marlborough the major unconformity that marks the top of the Torlesse Group in other areas is lacking, and we follow Lensen (1962) in taking the group to include in that area rocks as young as Motuan (Lower Cretaceous), namely all rocks up to the top of the Good Creek Formation as redefined by Lensen and Hall (in prep.).

Definition of the Torlesse Group is of necessity partly geographical. Differences in mineralogy and texture between Torlesse sediments and those of the Southland and Nelson synclines may not always be detectable in specific instances of comparison. Coombs et al. (1959) have noted rather broad distinctive mineralogical features of Torlesse rocks; some of these are subtle in that they are expressed as differences in the proportion of various constituents. Wellman’s (1952) subdivision of the New Zealand Permian to Jurassic stratified rocks

into two simple facies (three in 1956) is probably not applicable in detail. Not all sediments included in his Alpine Facies are redeposited; grading is by no means uncommon in his Hokonui Facies. Nor does fossil evidence support a rigid twoor three-fold geographic distinction of sedimentary environments. It seems useful nevertheless, as noted by Suggate (1961), to recognise the Torlesse Group as a unit because of its geographic discreteness, its lack of unconformities, its broad lithological distinctiveness, and not least its usefulness as a mapping unit.

Recognisable fossils have now been found in three areas in low grade (Ghl 2) schist close to Torlesse Group sediments, and we have thought it useful to include these collections in the list.

Of these, the most important are fossils from the Kakahu area (S 102) in weakly schistose greywacke, limestone, and chert. None of these collections are diagnostic as to age, and there seems yet to be little evidence, paleontological or otherwise, to support the assumption (cf. Wellman, 1953, 1962) that the Kakahu rocks do not form part of the Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic Torlesse Group or its metamorphosed equivalents.

Two Terebellina collections in Ghl 2 schist are also listed; one in the Arahura valley west of Browning Pass (SSB/502), and another (doubtful) near Kellys Hill (559/536).

Nature of Torlesse Group Faunas

Fossil evidence suggests that the group represents a span including some of Permian time, Middle and Upper Triassic, Upper Jurassic, and Lower Cretaceous. No Lower Triassic or Lower or Middle Jurassic fossils have yet been found, but this cannot be taken to indicate that no rocks of these ages are present.

Several species not listed above are useful as zonal markers in the Torlesse Group, but are not known to occur elsewhere.

Marine invertebrates are much the most common fossils, but fronds and spores of land plants are preserved in some beds. An ichthyosaurian reptile is recorded from one locality (872/498) in a rich Kaihikuan brachiopod-mollusc fauna; while recent discoveries include fish vertebrae, in a loose boulder near Arthurs Pass (559/534), and a decapod crustacean, in a Jurassic conglomerate in the lowei Hurunui River (862/784).

The Torlesse fossils occur in a variety of rock types. Some assemblages appear to be preserved at or near the place of living, and many of these include invertebrates restricted to a shallow-water environment. Some forms, notably the annelids, may be truly deep water in habitat although this has yet to be convincingly demonstrated. For the most part the fossils are preserved in sediments that show strong evidence of redeposition, and little indication of their life environment remains.

Many of the forms found in the Torlesse Group are also known from the Southland Syncline and elsewhere where their succession is well established. Their occurrence in Torlesse rocks allows subdivision of the group into broad zones (Table I), and these are treated separately below.

Permian Fossil Localities —Atomodesma Zone In South Canterbury and North Otago there are a number of localities from which fragments of a molluscan bivalve with a thick prismatic layer have been collected (see also Gair, 1964). In some cases the placing of these fossils in the genus Atomodesma can only be justified on stratigraphic evidence. It is interesting to note that as early as 1882 Alexander McKay believed these fossils to be the same as his “ Dun Mountain Inoceramus ” of Permian age. Reasonably wellpreserved valves have been collected from the upper Pareora gorge (SI 10/524), found by G. M. Mason, and these are identified as Atomodesma trechmanni (Marwick). The Atomodesma Zone for New Zealand as a whole is thought to extend through all of Permian time, Sakmarian to Tatarian inclusive (Waterhouse, 1964: 701) A. trechmanni occurs in rocks correlated with the Kazanian (Upper Permian). The distribution of undoubted and suspected Atomodesma suggests a Permian age for all or most of the extensive area of Torlesse rocks in the eastern ranges between the Rangitata and Waitaki Rivers and for parts of the St. Marys Range. McKay’s more northerly occurrence of “ Dun Mountain Inoceramus ” between the Cass and Bealey rivers in the Waimakariri valley (1882: 88; 566/97) has not been confirmed. McKay also recorded Inoceramus in limestone near Taylors Pass, Marlborough. He, and later Ongley, ( in Wellman and Willett, 1947: 356) regarded the limestone as Permian but, on the re-assessment of the fossils, Lensen (1962) mapped it as Jurassic.

Grindley (1958: 43) has noted the finely comminuted nature of Atomodesma shells in the Howden Formation, Southland Syncline. Evidently these shells were readily broken and little information as to the depositional environment can be inferred from occurrences of fragments in Torlesse rocks. Perhaps the most important Permian locality in Torlesse Group rocks is that near the Hae Hae te Moana River (S9l/501), also discovered by G. M. Mason, where there is a deposit of comminuted brachiopod shell material. Rare complete single valves of Spirifer, and ?productid, terebratulid and rhynchonellid fragments are present in a grey-green conglomerate. The brachiopod shells show clear evidence of transport, but their concentration suggests that the organisms lived near the present outcrop.

Middle Triassic Fossil Localities—Daonella Zone

No fossils of Lower or early Middle Triassic age have been recorded from Torlesse rocks. The Middle Triassic indicator Daonella occurs through a minimum thickness of 2,100 ft near Corbies Creek (SI 17) (R. J. Ryburn, pers. comm.).

Daonella is a member of a fauna dominated by brachiopods but also including other bivalve molluscs, gastropods, and crinoids. This fauna, the richest in species in the Torlesse Group, has been recorded from three main areas. One of these, Rocky Gully, north-west of Mt Potts, (572/498), was discovered in 1861 by Haast, and was among the earliest known Torlesse fossil localities. The rich assemblage contains at least 14 species including the saurian Mixosaurus{ ?) hectori Lydekker. Bivalves occur with valves conjoined and there are some juveniles present. The fossils do not certainly constitute a life assemblage—much of the bone is rolled—but have evidently not been transported far.

Some species have been found only at Mt Potts. Spiriferina trechmanni (Wilckens) is not known with certainty from any other locality and the earliest species of Maoritrigonia is of similarly restricted distribution (Fleming, 1962). Spiriferina carolinae Trechmann, a comparatively uncommon species in Southland, is one of the most abundant forms in the Mt Potts faunule. Daonella, Spiriferina kaihikuana Trechmann, Athyris kaihikuana (Trechmann), and Dielasma zealandica Trechmann are all common species in the Mt Potts fauna as they are in Kaihikuan assemblages in Southland, South Otago, and Nelson.

A less varied fauna of Daonella and brachiopods occurs in Carneys Creek, a tributary of the Havelock River on the flank of the Two Thumb Range. This locality (572/505) is 12 miles west of Rocky Gully; it was discovered in 1961 by Dr P. B. Maling.

In both the Mt Potts and Carneys Creek collections there is a faint but clear lineation representing intersection of an incipient cleavage with bedding. Fossils lying in the bedding plane are distorted.

The third area in which Daonella occurs in Torlesse rocks is in North Otago in and near St Marys Range (SI 17). Fossils were first found in place high on Mt St Mary by Park in 1903. Faunal lists have been published by Park (1904), Trechmann (1918), and Wilckens (1927), and these were critically reviewed by Speden (1960). Spiriferina kaihikuana is an abundant form and Athyris kaihikuana, Rhynchonella zealandica (Trechmann), and Dielasma zealandica also occur there. Pelecypod shell-beds lacking brachiopods are present in the section.

The fossils near Mt St Mary are commonly grossly distorted. Tectonic distortion was dismissed by Gair and Gregg (1960) in favour of distortion by compaction, but this is not supported by examination of available material. This shows clear evidence of an incipient strain-slip cleavage expressed by alignment of micaceous minerals.

About 12 miles north-west of Mt St Mary richly fossiliferous beds occupy a downfaulted strip to the north-east of the Otematata Fault on both sides of Corbies Creek. Daonella (Plate 2) is associated with abundant brachiopods, including Spiriferina kaihikuana, Athyris kaihikuana, Dielasma zealandica, Rhynchonella zealandica and Mentzeliopsis spinosa Trechmann (Plate 1). This characteristic Kaihikuan element is part of a faunule that includes several molluscan species not known so far in rocks other than Torlesse Group. These include Balantioselena gairi Speden, Kamupena greggi Speden, and Agonisca corbiensis Fleming. As in the case of the Mt Potts assemblage, Corbies Creek fossils lack evidence of substantial transportation before burial. There has been little or no tectonic deformation, and in excellence of preservation as in richness of species Corbies Creek fossils are comparable with those in the Southland Syncline.

There can be no real doubt that the Kaihikuan assemblages in Canterbury and North Otago lived at or near the place of burial. The presence of brachiopods in abundance and of limpets ( Patella nelsonensis Trechmann) points to a shelf

environment closely similar to that envisaged for Eighty-eight valley, Caroline Gutting, and other Kaihikuan assemblages outside the area of Torlesse rocks. There is little paleontological evidence supporting recognition of two distinct facies in Kaihikuan times.

Carbonaceous beds containing well-preserved fronds and stems occur at Tank Gully near Mt Potts and at three localities in the middle Waitaki valley (SI 17), in each case in the same general area as Daonella- brachiopod occurrences. Only two of these plant collections have been described, those from Tank Gully (Arber, 1917; 572/499) and Benmore Dam (Bell, Harrington, and McKellar, 1956; SI 17/469), and both were placed in the Rhaetian. Plant beds near the Otematata River (SI 17/516) are mapped by Mutch (1963) as PHerangi Series (Lower Jurassic) on the grounds of their lower induration than the surrounding Middle Triassic sediments. However, detailed study of the area shows an apparently conformable sequence from Daonella- bearing sediments to siltstones and mudstones with plant remains (R. J. Ryburn, pers. comm.). The plant beds are not likely to be greatly different in age from Daonella and this raises the possibility of a Middle or early Upper Triassic age for Waitaki valley plant beds in general.

No section has been described so far in which Atomodesma-hearing rocks are shown to be in unfaulted sequence with Triassic beds. Permian and Triassic rocks are closely associated in the Waitaki valley, but available evidence suggests that the younger rocks are invariably preserved in fault-bounded blocks.

Upper Triassic Fossil Localities At least three zones ( Halobia, Monotis, and Terehellina) can be recognised in Upper Triassic (Balfour Series) rocks. McKay’s (1890: 143) mapping of “ Otapiri Series” in Canterbury (termed “ Wharfdale beds” by Hector, 1884: xiv) is based on a single determination of Trigonia from the Mt Thomas Range (567/19). Dr J. Marwick (pers. comm.) found the fossil to be indeterminable.

(a) Halobia Zone : The Upper Triassic indicator Halobia was discovered by G. M. Mason in 1955 in argillite in fan gravels at Blackford Station on the lower slopes of the Hutt Range, 4 miles upstream from the Rakaia Gorge bridge (574/519, Plate 2). In spite of extended searching the source of these boulders is still unknown. Speight (1920: 106) very tentatively recorded “an occasional finer marking which may belong to Halobia ” on fracture surfaces of tuffaceous beds at High Peak Saddle, about 9 miles east of Blackford Station. We have been unsuccessful in several attempts to find fossils on High Peak Saddle, or indeed in the neighbouring ranges.

Notwithstanding the unsatisfactory state of our knowledge of the occurrence of Halobia, it can be stated that some of the Torlesse Group sediments belong to the Halobia Zone, which is represented in the Hokonui Facies by the Oretian and Otamitan stages and is approximately equivalent to Carnian on the international time-scale.

Paleoneilo mundeni Fleming, described from the Waiheke River (553/501), has close affinity with an Otamitan species from Nelson, but it is not so far known in association with other species in Torlesse rocks.

(b) Monotis Zone ; The discovery of limestone containing Monotis in the Okuku Valley in 1874 (567/22, Plate 4) led McKay to suspect that extensive areas of the high country of Canterbury were Triassic in age. Work in the succeeding ninety

years has added several additional occurrences of Monotis in limestone and many more in greywacke and argillite. Some records are merely fragments of ribbed shell with the kind of convexity and rib shape found in Monotis richmondiana Zittel. Much more certain placing is possible for specimens from localities such as the Trent River (552/500, 501), recorded by Wellman, Grindley, and Munden (1952), Trig P, Bruce Stream (566/572, 573), Rough Greek, Arthurs Pass (559/528), and Rotoiti (533/524). In each of these, preservation is such that the presence of forms conspecific with M. richmondiana is established.

Trechmann (1918: 196) recorded Monotis salinaria Bronn from the Okuku material collected by McKay and described two varieties from the same collection. Marwick (1935; 301) noted the presence of a byssal notch in Okuku specimens and, in his revision of New Zealand representatives of Monotis , accommodated Trechmann’s three varieties in Monotis richmondiana Zittel.

The Okuku limestone is a lens at least 20ft thick, and is composed very largely of valves of M. richmondiana. This almost certainly indicates local abundance of living generations of that species (see Campbell and Warren, 1955). Brachiopods and other benthic forms are also preserved in some tuffaceous Monotisbearing limestones and, with the possible exception of Monotis, these probably constitute shallow-water assemblages preserved essentially where they lived. The mode of life of Monotis is not fully known, and floating in of dead shells from a planktonic habitat is a possible mechanism of accumulation in some cases (cf. Allan, 1956). Monotis occurs in a distinctive, poorly sorted, pebbly siltstone in several localities near Arthurs Pass (e.g., 559/561). The fossils are commonly broken single valves and these are scattered and disoriented, as are the pebbles in the siltstone. This presumably indicates burial in some form of submarine gravity slide.

M. richmondiana is the key fossil for the Warepan Stage, Norian on the world time-scale. The species zone is at least 670 ft thick at Trig P, Bruce Stream, and may be very much greater near Arthurs Pass.

Monotis is perhaps the most interesting and important fossil in the Torlesse rocks, for several reasons. Its characteristic radial ribbing makes it easily detected, particularly by the interested amateur, on whom prospecting for fossils in these rocks largely relies, and it is now known near Rotoiti (533), over a wide area between the Hurunui and Waimakariri rivers, and from a single loose specimen (SBO/2) near the head of Lake Tekapo. It is the most common Torlesse fossil that also occurs in the Hokonui Facies, and comparison of the zone it identifies in each offers the best chance of deciding questions of detailed facies and thickness differences between the two sets of rocks.

(c) Terebellina Zone'. Beds with the annelid Terehellina (Plate 3) constitute a highly important part of the Torlesse Group in spite of Haast’s comment that they merely contain “markings or obscure exuviae of an annelid 55 (1879: 275). They contain at least two distinct organisms: the commoner was described as Torlessia mackayi by Bather in 1905. It was re-examined by Jaworski in 1915, who synonymised the generic name Torlessia with Terehellina , and considered an Indonesian species to be so like Bather’s that he placed the Indonesian material in the species mackayi. Terehellina was described in 1904 (not 1910, cf. Howell, 1962: W 161) from Liassic slates in Alaska. It should be noted, however, that Howell lists Torlessia as a valid genus (of the family of calcareous tubes Serpulidae) despite the fact that the tubes are agglutinated siliceous forms, as was pointed out by both Bather and Jaworski.

A second agglutinating worm named Titahia corrugata by Webby (1958) was described from a North Island locality but has also been found in a number of places in the South Island (Plate 2). Its relationship to the rather similar fossil Dentalium batheri Finlay, described by Bather in 1905 (as D. huttoni) from the Kowai River (574/22), is unknown.

In spite of the paleontological work and of the stratigraphic importance of the annelids, they are not touched on in the two major monographs of the Triassic faunas of New Zealand (Trechmann, 1918; Marwick, 1953).

McKay (1881) considered the Terehellina beds to be younger than Daonella and older than Monotis, but the problem of the age relationship of Terehellina to Monotis is still not solved. Their particularly close association in the Ashley Gorge and Arthurs Pass areas leaves little doubt that the two fossils are not greatly different in age. It is unlikely, however, that their zones overlap since they seem to occur everywhere in discrete areas of outcrop.

For eastern central Canterbury at least, Terehellina beds can be mapped as a zonal unit. The beds are very commonly graded, but in many places (for example, in the Ashley Gorge, Hutt Stream, the upper Selwyn valley, and near the upper Kowai bridge) worm tubes can be seen to occupy all positions with relation to bedding. This contrasts with Webby’s observations at Titahi Bay (1958) where the whole sequence was interpreted as a succession of turbidites and the worm tubes were found as a scum on the top of each unit. Some at least of the Canterbury Terehellina beds are not redeposited.

Neither Terehellina nor Titahia is known to occur in Hokonui Facies rocks. If a two-facies subdivision of South Island Triassic rocks were ever to have an organic rather than a lithological basis it is surely with the Terehellina beds and ihe very different Balfour Series equivalents in South Otago, Southland, and Nelson that this would be done. The apparent absence of the worms from the Hokonui Facies suggests that these organisms may have existed in a rather specialised environment. One of a number of possibilities is that of deeper water offshore, Reed (1957) has already suggested that some of the Torlesse rocks near Wellington may be deep-water mudstones. Annelids are known from the same general area, but the relationship of the tubes to the sediments they are preserved in is undescribed, and there is still no clear picture of their ecology.

Upper Jurassic Fossil Localities There is no record of any fossil collection of undoubted Lower or Middle Jurassic age from South Island Torlesse rocks, but recent paleobotanical work by Dr G. Norris has shown that relatively rich assemblages of plant microfossils are present in the Torlesse Group, and further collecting may well produce material in this time range. So far, spores from a single locality, Alford Forest (SBl/509), have been tentatively assigned to the Lower Jurassic; all other spore and microplankton collections in post-Triassic Torlesse rocks are thought to be no older than Upper Jurassic.

Inoceramus galoi Boehm occurs in boulders in the upper valley of the Kaiwara River, a tributary of the Hurunui River (862/ 782; P. A. Maxwell, pers. comm.). The species is restricted to the Heterian Stage (correlated with the Lower Kimeridgian) in Hokonui Facies sequences. The presence of the Idoceras Zone of the Heterian (Fleming and Rear, 1960: 45) in Torlesse rocks is indicated by Idoceras speighti (Marshall) described from a boulder in the Hurunui River, downstream from the Kaiwara junction (862/174).

Hiholithes brownei (Marshall), restricted to the basal zone of the upper part of the Puaroan Stage (Lower Tithonian) in the Kawhia-Waikato Heads sequence, is recorded from the Cheviot Hills (562/530; Fleming, 1958: 386) and from the Kaiwara valley (562/795), both occurrences in mudstone concretions known only as boulders.

Buchia plicata Zittel and Belemnopsis ex gr. aucklandica Hochstetter occur in boulders in conglomerate at the Hurunui swing bridge (562/776; P. A. Maxwell, pers. comm.) in an area in which the earliest in situ collection (562/505), made by Mr D. Hamilton, contained brachiopods, Belemnopsis, and phylloceratid ammonites (see McKellar, Mutch, and Stevens, 1962; 491). Buchia plicata marks the uppermost Puaroan zone at Kawhia.

Richly fossiliferous siltstones with Malayomaorica aff. malayomaorica (Krumbeck) occur on the Cheviot coast (562/531, 532; Marwick in Fyfe, 1934), south of the Waiau mouth and in Gore Stream, Clarence valley (S4l/531). Malayomaorica was locally gregarious, its crowded separated valves forming shell beds up to 4ft thick (as at 562/526; Plate 3). Near Cheviot siltstones with Malayomaorica are in sequence with and probably slightly older than concretionary siltstones with Buchia aff. suhpallasi (Krumbeck), various distinctive species of Inoceramus, and Anopaea n.sp. (of Fleming, 1958). The two faunas lack forms on which to base close correlation with the Kawhia-Waikato Heads sequence, but recent collecting (P. A. Maxwell, pers. comm.) in the Kaiwara valley shows comparable species of Inoceramus and Anopaea in association with Buchia plicata.

Although field relations are imperfectly known, it is clear that Upper Jurassic time is represented in the north-eastern area of South Island Torlesse rocks by at least three of the molluscan zones established in the Kawhia-Waikato Heads sequence. The important Cheviot-Kaiwara region contains faunas including three species used as zonal indicators at Kawhia: Inoceramus galoi, Hiholithes brownei, and Buchia plicata. At least two other faunas that may prove to be useful stratigraphically are known, but neither can yet be placed in any zonal scheme. One of these (562/534; near the Jed River) contains Grammatodon, a gastropod allied to Trochotoma (I. G. Speden, pers. comm.), Psilotrigonia, and brachiopods.

The second unplaced fauna comprises brachiopod-rich assemblages which characterise coarse-grained limestones in the Kaiwara valley and elsewhere. The limestones are invariably associated with basic, usually spilitic, volcanics, and in some places occur in interstices between pillows in lavas (as at 562/508). At least 5 species of rhynchonellids and terebratuloids are present. Some of these are large-shelled forms and locally they are preserved in large numbers with valves conjoined, rare pectinids being the only other fossils in the assemblage (562/517). Burmirhynchia warreni and Holcothyris{ ?) kaiwaraensis, both of Campbell, 1965, are members of this assemblage.

Lensen (1962) mapped as Jurassic rocks including shell limestone near Taylors Pass, Marlborough (S2B/479). The systematic placing of finely comminuted shell as either Permian Atomodesma or upper Mesozoic Inoceramus is a matter of some difficulty and the possibility of a Permian age for the Taylors Pass limestone cannot be completely dismissed.

Although Upper Jurassic fossils have been found in Torlesse rocks in a wide area of eastern Canterbury and Marlborough, and no certainly older post-Triassic fossils are known, no section has been described in which Upper Jurassic Torlesse rocks are shown to rest unconformably on Triassic or older beds.

Cretaceous Fossil Localities

Four species of Inoceramus ( warakius , kapuus, urius, and ipuanus), all described by Wellman (1959) and known only from the Taitai and Clarence Series, occur in a number of Torlesse localities in Marlborough. The Motuan (Albian) key form Aucellina euglypha Woods is also present in several collections, and the belemnite Dimitobelus superstes (Hector) has been found in two localities in the upper Awatere valley.

As in the older rocks, the Cretaceous members of the group are in large part redeposited and the fossils scattered and commonly fragmented. The majority of Cretaceous fossil occurrences are from sequences in which late Motuan and postMotuan Cretaceous marine beds are also known. The upper limit of the Torlesse Group is placed somewhat arbitrarily at the top of the Good Creek Formation so as to exclude sequences in which greywacke and argillite are uncommon.

Checklist of Species and Subspecies Described from South Island Torlesse Group Localities

Phyllotheca minuta E. A. N. Arber, 1917 Chiropteris lacerata E. A. N. Arber, 1913 Chiropteris biloba S. M. Bell, 1956 Chiropteris waitakiensis S. M. Bell, 1956 Linguifolium lillieanum E. A. N. Arber, 1913 Linguifolium waitakiense S. M. Bell, 1956 Taeniopteris thomsoniana E. A. N. Arber, 1917 Baiera robusta E. A. N. Arber, 1917 Torlessia mackayi F. A. Bather, 1905 Burmirhynchia warreni J. D. Campbell, 1965 Cyrtina trechmanni O. Wilckens 1927 Holcothyris{ ?) kaiwaraensis J. D. Campbell, 1965 Paleoneilo mundeni C. A. Fleming, 1954 Agonisca corbiensis G. A. Fleming, 1963 Trigonodus thomsonianus O. Wilckens, 1927 “ Chlamys” kakanuia J. Marwick, 1956

Monotis salinaria var. intermedia G. T. Trechmann, 1918 Monotis salinaria var. hemispherica G. T. Trechmann, 1918

Balantioselena gairi I. G. Speden, 1962 Dalmasiceras speighti P. Marshall, 1924 Dentalium huttoni F. A. Bather, 1905 (= D. hatheri H. J. Finlay, 1927) Kamupena greggi I. G. Speden, 1962

Ichthyosaurus australis J. Hector, 1874 (= Mixosaurus{ ?) hectori R. Lydekker, 1889)

References

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Arkell, W. J., 1953. Two Jurassic Ammonites from South Island, New Zealand, and a Note on the Pacific Ocean in the Jurassic. N.Z. J. Sci. Tech., B, 35(3): 259-64. Bather, F. A., 1905. The Mount Torlesse Annelid. Geol. Mag., dec. 5, 2(12): 532-41,

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APPENDIX

Fusuline Limestone in the Torlesse Group near Benmore Dam, Waitaki Valley

By N. de B. Hornibrook and Shu Yeoh Khoon

Verbeekinid or Neoschwagerinid fusulines were discovered by Y. K. Shu in a limestone in the Torlesse Group some two miles south-east of Benmore Dam in May, 1964. The same limestone contains polycoeliid rugosan corals and crinoid columnals. The fossils indicate a Permian age for the limestone.

A fault block of siltstone, sandstone, pebbly conglomerate, limestone lenses and volcanics lies to the east of a fault block of conglomerate and sandstone from which Mesozoic (?Rhaetian) plant remains collected by Harrington and McKellar at locality SI 17/469 were described by Bell (in Bell, Harrington and McKellar, 1956). The creamy white recrystallized limestone forms a thin discontinuous band traceable for more than a mile, some two miles south-east of Benmore Dam. Fusulines occur in one locality in the upper reaches of Akatarewa Stream, SI 17/666, and their tests constitute somewhat less than half the volume of the rock.

The following description was made by one of us (N. de B. H.) : Oval shaped fusulinidae, approximately 1 cm long, are plainly visible on the weathered surfaces of the limestone; but in thin section it was found that recrystallisation had obscured most of the detailed structure of the fossils.

The largest specimen measured is 11 mm long by 4 mm wide and the test wall is approximately 0.075 mm thick.

Although sections through more than 20 specimens were examined, it was not possible to determine which genus they belong to. As far as could be determined not more than one form is present.

It is concluded that this form belongs either to the Verbeekinidae (Permian) or the Neoschwagerinidae (Mid-Upper Permian) because of its thick walls and thick swollen septa (or possibly septula). Preservation is not sufficiently good in any of the equatorial sections available to distinguish septula from septa. Seven whorls were counted on one specimen in equatorial section and the proloculus was measured on another specimen as 0.35 mm. In the best saggittal sections observed there is a tendency for the septa to become convoluted towards the poles of the test as in the Verbeekinidae.

A superficial resemblance to both Pseudodoliolina and Neoschwagerina was noted but the material examined did not allow a definite identification to be made.

The only other New Zealand occurrences of fusulines known so far are those in limestones of the Waipapa Group, in Sheets NB, Nil, Nl6, Northland (Homibrook, 1951; Hay, 1960).

At a locality two and a half miles south-east of Benmore Dam, SI 17/667, along strike from locality 666, the limestone contains indeterminate shell fragments and rare solitary corals. The following description was kindly supplied by Professor Dorothy Hill:

Family Polycoeliidae. A solitary Rugosan with tachylasmoid major septa of unequal length and long thickened minor septa. No sign of dissepiments.

Professor Hill first recognised the fusulines. They indicate a Permian age, whereas the corals can only be placed as ?Silurian to Permian.

The following data may now be added to the list of fossil localities in the Tor lesse Group of Campbell and Warren:

SI 17/666, Akatarewa Stream, 909273, Y. K. Shu, 1964, in place, Verbeekinid or Neoschwagerinid fusuline, N. de B. Homibrook, 1964. SI 17/667, 9 chs N of Waitaki River, 896263, Y. K. Shu, 1964, in place, Polycoeliid rugose coral, D. Hill, 1964.

REFERENCES Bell, S. M., Harrington, H. J., and McKellar, I. C., 1956. Lower Mesozoic Plant Fossils from Black Jacks, Waitaki River. Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 83(4): 663-672.

Hay, R. F., 1960. The Geology of Mangakahia Subdivision. N.Z. geol. Surv. Bull. 61. Hornibrook, N. de 8., 1951. Permian Fusulinid Foraminifera from the North Auckland Peninsula. Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 79(2): 319-321.

Mr N. de B. Hornibrook, N.Z. Geological Survey, Box 368, Lower Hutt.

Mr Shu Yeoh Khoon, Geology Department, University of Otago, Dunedin.

Drawn by 0. M. Slade. Cartographic Section. D SIR

Published by the Royal Society of New Zealand. 196 S

R.E. Owen. Government Printer, Wellington. N.Z.

* A limestone containing Permian fusulines and corals has recently been discovered near Benmore Dam (see Hornibrook and Shu, appendix to this paper).

1 Not confirmed by recent detailed collecting.

1 Boulder in conglomerate

Zone Species Local Stage in which Zone Species Occurs Approximate Overseas Equivalent Inoceramus ipuanus Motuan (upper) Albian Inoceramus urius Motuan (lower) Albian Inoceramus kapuus Urutawan Albian Inoceramus warakius Mokoiwian Neocomian-Aptian Buchia plicata Puaroan (upper) Lower Tithonian Hibolithes brownei Puaroan (lower) Lower Tithonian Inoceramus galoi Heterian Lower Kimeridgian Monotis richmondiana Warepan Norian Halobia sp. Oretian-Otamitan Gamian Daonella apteryx Kaihikuan Ladinian Atomodesma trechmanni Not named Kazanian

Table I.—FAUNAL ZONES IN SOUTH ISLAND ROCKS OF THE TORLESSE GROUP.

Notes Record system, the at to ;S„d K St 126-“ allS' Hit Canterbury. of at others compilers. the by position the (1:63360): sheets From published 3rd S74 2nd 82, 53, edition. 1st S101 146— (1:25000) sheets : S90. 1 be and Department unpublished 67. 66, 60, Christchurch: Geological the maps 126. 99, 58, S52, will grid in large available. become by by Collector be no GS few A Lower the number number. GS an derived) A N Y In Yes; For been these Z. the Many eve! the the paper. the the In an by

The as follows: S. W. G. R. J. Grant-Mackie J. Scott D. S. A. McQueen R. D. A. Cooper R. G. B. Speden I. G. T. Cooper G. Grindley Marwick J. Speight R. W. J. T. J. G. M. Stadnyk M. E. N. Cox J. von R. Craddock A. Bather M. C. Moore (RSt) R. A. Hamilton D. Morgan R. Suggate b Lauder Harrington J. F. W. Munden H. f • L A. Brown G. J. Mutch Thomas T. E A G. Ghallies J. G H E H. Leslie M. Hector (JHr) Lillie R. F. G. J. Lydekker R- Hodgson G. H. Nuttall L. E. A. J. P. Walker S. Hooper McGregor R. B. N. W. M. Ongley Park J. G. Waterhouse J. Wellman E. 'XT McKay R. Rodley Wilkes O. R. K. S. I. J. Latest Determin. R. Number Locality In References S2 R. 556734 Y (GS9035) ” sp. lAthyris S28/479 “ In fragments 64* [c246847] Y fragments AM 1890: Loaf 219879 58 MO, (GS5511) Y fragments JBW, & S Sugar Maitaia] [as 58 Y GJL, fragments GJL Old Sugar S29/525 Bar 221874 A 58 JDG, 337995 N 64 (GS9339) fragments ? Titahia JDG GRS, S33/499 Rotoiti, E N SJHS, Monotis ?29JHn, & Upper Munden, 1952: 136432 Terebellina mackayi GAF, Sabine near R., 61 A (GS9297) ?Terebellina CAF, S33/524 St. 226569 61 richmondiana GAF, S33/525 end Rotoiti, 203579 61 A richmondiana JDG S35/530 Cam 52 (GS5909) urius GJL, Isis near R., Y (GS6537) Inoceramus sp. 64*GAF, Aucellina sp. ?

Latest Number Locality Ref. Collector Fossils In Determin. References S35/634 River C022610 (GS6538) 56 Y var. ipuanus 64*GJL, S35/669 Ouse SE Stream, 146449 59 Y ipuanus 64*GJL, Hall, 1963: 31 Hall, 1963: 31 S35/670 Ouse 138440 59 Y kapuus 64*GJL, Hall, 1963: 30 Hall, 1963: 30 S35/703 Bridegroom 125458 59 Y urius 64* Hall, 1963: 31 Hall, 1963; 3! Inoceramus sp. S3 5/706 Gladstone 867445 59 Y Pseudolimea n.sp. echinata PV, S35/711 Ouse 109421 (GS7719) 60 Y fragments GJL, S35/718 Above Bridegroom 123456 59 RAG, Y Inoceramus GJL, Hall, 1963 : 31 [misprinted as S35/715] Hall, 1963 : 31 [misprinted as S35/715] S35/720 River 248443 61 Y Inoceramus 64*GJL, S35/722 River 247446 (GS7996) 61 Y kapuus 64*GJL, S35/723 River 944546 61ADA, A PipuanusInoceramus Gastropod PV, S35/724 Penk River 023608 61ADA, Y Aucellina sp. PV, 64* GRS, 64* sp. Dimitobelus superstes PV, 64* GRS, 64* S35/725 Gam near 975572 61 Y euglypha PV, PV, 64* S35/735 River 007613 61 Y fragment PV, 64* S35/739 R. 935544 61 ADA, Y fragments PV, euglypha Anagaudryceras Dimitobelus superstes GRS, S35/749 RiverKekerengu 250440 62 RPS, GJL, Y Inoceramus kapuus GJL, S35/765 River 023611 (GS9190) 63 A urius GJL, S35/766 River 022593 63 Y Inoceramus neocomiensis GJL, S35/784 R. 963562 63 Y Inoceramus urius GJL, ipuanus S35/862 Gladstone 865443 (GS9356) 64 Y Ctenoides sp. 64* S36/501 of Waima (trib. — 56 N Inoceramus 64* River) euglypha Modiolus sp. PAstarte S36/525 Blue Stream 258574 58 GWGi, Y fragments Aucellina GAF, S36/526 R. 381523 58 N Aucellina euglypha GJL,

S3 Stream 257573 59GJL, (GS7407) Y sp. cf. subpallasi ? 64*CAF, S36/556 Kekerengu River 254435 59 (GS7408) 59 GJL, Y var. GJL, S36/557 River 254435 Y ipuanusInoceramus GJL, S36/582 Kekerengu River 254435 61 Y Pkapuus 64* S36/583 River 250440 )GJL, Y ?kapuus 64*GJL, S36/657 Blue Mountain Stream 260573 (GS9049) 62 A pavlowi aff. GRS, S36/658 branch S Gk., 338567 62 GJL, Y Inoceramus kapuus GJL, S36/660 Tachalls S Gk., 340567 )GJL, N ipuanus var. 64*GJL, S36/661 Greek 336586 62 ETA, Y Pkapuus 64*GJL, S36/662 Tachalls Creek 325586 62 ETA, N Inoceramus GJL, S36/663 Greek 326586 62 ETA, N Inoceramus ipuanus urius 64*GJL, S36/664 Greek 326586 62 ETA, Y urius GJL, S36/665 Greek 335590 62 ETA, Y Purius 64* S36/666 Creek 337592 62 (GS9057) N ipuanus GJL, S36/723 New above Rd., Greek 335587 (GS8619) 60 RSt, Y Inoceramus fragment JM, S36/726 Tachalls branch S Gk., 338568 (GS8622) 60 Y ipuanus fragment 64*JM, S36/729 S 313600 60 N cf. 64* S36/730 Needles 332611 60 (GS8626) Y cf. JM, S36/733 Beach 463698 60 (GS8630) Y cf. urius JM, S40/502 Upper 274283 GW, Y fragments GW 1/488 Elliott AM Y T AM 125McKay, S41/531 Gore Stream 656103 53 Y sp. Anopaea Buchia [Malayomaorica] malayomaorica 58GAF, 380, 1958: 390; Suggate, 399 S42/582 near 070387 60 Y cf. fragment Inoceramus comiensis GJL, 30Hall, -r S42/586 Stream Near 915250 60 (GS7714) Y P 61*IGS,

Latest Number Locality Grid Collector In Determin. References & & & S52/500 S52/501 S52/505 Rill, Confirmation Trent Trent [352591] [329589] [c308581] 49 (GS4985) HWW, 46; 49 FWM, 49 FWM, GWGr, Y Y Y Monotis Monotis fossil tubular Large 49 49HWW, 49 &Wellman, 1952Munden, &Wellman, 1952Munden, & 220 Gnndley 1952 Grindley 1952 Grindley 1952: 220 S53/501 Greek, Slaty 523764 52 FWM, N mundeniPaleoneilo (holotype) 53 Munden &Fleming, 1954Suggate, Munden 1954 & S54/507 River at Waiau 134613 56 Y minor Cyathidites GN, australis wellmanii Apiculatisporis Leptolepidites catus vi- cf. Acanthotriletes de Lycopodiacidites bullerensis Lycopodiumsporites clavatidites austro Callialas pontes mentatus Ginkgocycadophytus nitidus major Classopollis Baltisphaeridium sp. Mutch 491Stevens, S54/513 of tributary Stream, River c946680 (GS7739) 60 GW, N Belemnopsis gr. aucklandica 62GRS, Mutch « 1962: 491 S54/519 River River, 929747 60 Y Radiolaria 64*GRS, S55/24 junction Hill, AM, 1876 (GS1*) P Inoceramus; ferns AM McKay, 1886; 64 _ AM, 1876 (GS1*) P Inoceramus; ferns AM McKay, 1886: 64 S55/43 River Stanton [ E Mt slopes [460634] 39 P tube ; GRS, S55/504 456588 53JDC, Y or pterioid) JDG Rhynchonella sp. Pelecypod ?Terebratulid JDC S55/505 E 456588 53JDC, Y JDC Rhynchonella sp. Pelecypod JDG S55/515 Waiau Middle gorge 472588 56 RPS, A GRS, 64* GRS, 64* ?Terebratulid

S55/516 S55/556 Stanton [see 477619 RPS, 56 Y minor australisCyathidites wellmanii Baculatisporites comaumensis Apiculatisporis sp. V dampied Callialasporites mentatus Inaperturopollenites minimus pallidus Hystrichosphaeridium pulcherrimum Hystrichosphaeridium complex Dingodinium sp. 64*GN, S55/579 Stream 728705 3874) Y minor Cyathidites australis wellmanii sp. Microreticulatisporites sp. Ginkgocycadophytus nitidus Hystrichosphaeridium cf. ferox cf. neptuni 64*GN, S55/580 at Limestone 740719 3875) Y Cyathidites minor australisCyathidites Deltoidospora sp. wellmanii Leptolepidites verrucatus 64*GN,

Number Locality Ref.Grid Collector PI. In Latest Determin. References (continued) track Styx 845330 GW, AGB, 61 (GS9403) AM, 1876 (GS291) Y Ruhinella sp. Neoraistrickia sp. Lycopodiumsporites austroclavatidites Inaperturopollenites sp. Ginkgocycadophytus nitidus Podocarpidites major Classopollis reclusus Hystrichosphaeridium cf. complex Hystrichosphaeridium pulcherrimum (?) Hystrichosphaeridium spp. Baltisphaeridium spp. Micrhystridium cf. deflandrei Micrhystridium rarispinum Pareodinia sp. Gonyaulax sp. Terebellina mackayi GRS, 64* (continued) Harman— Styx track 845330 GW, ACB, 61 (GS9403) Y Rubinella sp. Neoraistrickia sp. Lycopodiumsporites austroclavatidites Inaperturopollenites sp. Ginkgocycadophytus nitidus Podocarpidites major Classopollis reclusus Hystrichosphaeridium cf. complex Hystrichosphaeridium pulcherrimum (?) Hystrichosphaeridium spp. Baltisphaeridium spp. Micrhystridium cf. deflandrei Micrhystridium rarispinum Pareodinia sp. Gonyaulax sp. Terebellina mackayi GRS, 64* S59/498 Kelly — Y Terebellina mackayi GRS, 64* Cox, 1877: 77-8; AM, 1876 (GS291) Y Terebellina mackayi GRS, 64* Cox, 1877: 77-8; S59/499 Arthurs Boulder [c053308] 21 ? Titahia corrugata richmondiana 64*GRS, Hector, fig.Hector, 1 S59/501 Greek, 052320 GW, Roberts, N Monotis richmondiana JDG 1920: S59/502 track [c063322] ) N Monotis richmondiana GAF, 64* S59/503 bridge R. Upper 052303 56RGF, N richmondiana JDC S59/505 Arthurs Rough 058276 57 CM, N richmondiana ?Monotis GAF, S59/506 PassRough 057276 57 N richmondiana 64*GAF, S59/507 PassRough 056276 58 ORW, Y Monotis JDC S59/508 Arthurs Creek, Halpin 069243 58 ORW, N richmondiana JDG S59/509 BasinTemple 077328 58 ORW, N richmondiana JDC S59/511 RiverMingha [cl03271] (GS9309) 60 N Monotis 64* S59/512 GreekBirches 173213 58 N IMonotis fragment GAF, 64* ORW, 58 (GS9301) N ?Monotis fragment GAF, 64* S59/513 valley 1312 Y Monotis, richmondiana GAF, 64* ORW, 58 (GS9301) Y Monotis richmondiana GAF, 64*

S59/514 S59/515 [see Mt [c015341] (GS9308) 60 Y Terebellina 64*GRS, S59/516 to [c057322] 60 P richmondiana ORW, S59/517 Mt 113260 60 (GS9295) Y richmondiana JDG S59/518 Wilson, Mt E — (GS9312) 60 Y ? fragment JDG S59/519 Lake 283419 58 (GS9310) A ? Monotis JDG S59/520 Mt c054249 58 (GS9293) Y Monotis fragments GAF, 64* ORW, 58 (GS9311) Y Monotis fragments GAF, 64* S59/521 Bealey Mt c055254 Y Monotis fragments GAF, 64* ORW, 58 (GS9311) Y Monotis fragments GAF, 64* S59/522 valley c239308 58 ORW, N Monotis 64* S59/523 branch E c235305 58 N richmondiana 64*GAF, S59/524 Mt [c043256] JRJ, 59 N cf. 64*GAF, S59/525 of 052453 59 (GS9290) N iana erebellina IT ORW, S59/526 Greek Kelly 063455 59 N ? Terebellina 64*GAF, S59/527 Kelly at 078462 59 (GS9298) N ITerebellina 64* S59/528 Arthurs Rough [053271] (GS9288) 59 Y richmondiana JDG S59/529 Temple 060322 58 ORW, P cf. 64*GAF, S59/530 Temple 075325 235305 (GS9304) 58 ORW, 58 Y N iana fragments Monotis 64* JDG 1920: S59/531 S59/532 East Greek Halpin 072246 (GS9004) 61 GW, N Plant Annelids Monotrypella 63GRS, 1963: S59/533 Temple 071326 63 GW, (GS9173) Y maorica Monotis sp. 64*GRS, S59/534 River [c040380] 63 N vertebrae GRS, S59/535 Mt 115263 61 A erebellina 64* S59/536 Kellys 053477 59 (GS9299) A erebellina 64*GAF, S59/537 of 019438 (GS9291 59 ) A erebellina 64*GAF, S59/538 Railway quarry, 103499 (GS9314) 59 A IT erebellina 64*GAF, S59/539 Upper River 013285 TJHG, 64 N fragments GW S60/502 River 751219 52 GW, N Monotis JDG S60/503 gorge upper 724226 54GW, Y richmondiana JDG S60/516 middle gorge 743212 54GW, A Terebratula ” sp. JDG S60/517 Okuku gorge upper 712223 54GW, N richmondiana JDG S60/518 Okuku River 749217 54GW, N large JBW, S60/519 Okuku gorge 699220 54 GW, N auck- gr. 62GRS, Mutch & S60/520 of Mt 871328 59 GW, (GS7667) Y landica richmondiana IGS, 1962: 491Stevens, S60/556 at 656423 60 GW, (GS7776) N richmondiana 60*IGS, S60/563 Greek, E 663391 61 GW, (GS9024) Monotis richmondiana GRS, 64* Manticula problematica Y Monotis richmondiana GRS, 64* Manticula problematica

Latest Number Locality Ref.Grid Collector In LatestDetermin. References Determin, References 30/564 S at 671428 61 N GW, fragments 64* S60/565 Bridge at Greek, 699427 61 N fragments 64* S61/155 Lookout Trig 273337 49DH, Y sp. JDG Echinoid spine JDG S61/554 gorge 306365 60 Y spine well-well-manii GN, 64* Lycopodiumsporites sp. Monosulcites aff. minimus Podocarpidites major Baltisphaeridium sp. GN, 64* 1/555 S6 valley 090271 60 Y Osmundacidites wellmaniimanii GN, 64* Lycopodiumsporites sp. Monosulcites aff. minimus Podocarpidites major Baltisphaeridium sp. Osmundacidites wellGN, 64* S62/96 valley 455393 32 P 1 Monotis richmondiana GRS, 64* manii 1 Monotis richmondiana GRS, 64* S62/139 valley 458393 (GS3427) 32 P Rhynchonella GRS, 64* ?Monotis calvata GRS, 64* S62/173 mouth JvH P ?Monotis calvata Annelids JvH Haast, 1879: 275 — JvH P Annelids JvH Haast, 1879: 275 S62/174 R. near [366356] GJ N speighti WJA, 53 Marshall, 1924: 615; (holotype) WJA, 53 Marshall, 1924: 615; Arkell, 1953: 260-2 S62/505 R. at 366357 54 Y (holotype)Brachiopods Brachiopods Belemnopsis GRS, 62 Arkell, 1953: 260-2 McKellar, Mutch & Phylloceratids GRS, 62 (in part) McKellar, Mutch & Stevens, 1962: 491 S62/506 valley 455395 55 P BelemnopsisBurmirhynchia Phylloceratids (holotype) warreni Burmirhynchia () (in part) JDG Stevens, 1962: 491 Campbell, 1965 waraensis JDG Campbell, 1965 S62/507 valley 456396 52 GW, (holotype) Holcothyris{ ?) kaiwaraensis Burmirhynchia warreni JDG Campbell, 1965 Y Burmirhynchia warreni Holcothyris (?) kaiwaraensis JDC Campbell, 1965 S62/508 valley 457394 GW, Y () “ ” Rhynchonella spp. waraensis spines JDG “Rhynchonella” spp. JDG S62/509 at 367356 53 Y spines fragments JDG ?Inoceramus fragments TDG S62/510 Jed 614387 53 Y Rhynchonella sp. JDG Fleming, 1958: 377 “ Terebratula” sp. JDC Fleming, 1958: 377 S62/511 Hurunui R. at swing br. 367356 HWW, BWC, 54 (GS6166) Y “ Terebratula” sp. IBuchia sp. GAF, 64* S62/512 Hurunui R. at swing br. [see /505] 367356 HWW, BWC, 54 (GS6166) Y ?Buchia sp. GAF, 64* S62/513 /505] [see valley 453395 JDC, 55 P Burmirhynchia warreni Holcothyris (?) kaiwaraensis JDG Campbell, 1965 453395 JDG, 55 P Burmirhynchia warreni JDG Campbell, 1965 Holcothyris (?) kaiwaraensis Kaiwara valley

S62/514 valley 455395 JDG, 55 P warreni Burmirhynchia JDG Campbell, 1965 () waraensis JDG Campbell, 1965 S62/515 Kaiwara valley 455395 JDG, 55 P Holcothyris (?) kaiJDG Campbell, 1965 waraensis Campbell, 1965 S62/516 valley valley 456394 JDG, 55 P Burmirhynchia warreni JDG Kaiwara valley 455395 456394 JDG, JDG, 55 55 P P Holcothyris (?) kaiwaraensis Burmirhynchia warreni JDG JDG Campbell, 1965 Campbell, 1965 S62/517 valley 456394 JDG, 55 P warreni () waraensis Pectinid JOxytoma sp. JDG 1965Campbell, S62/518 valley 456394 JDG, 55 P warreni Burmirhynchia JDG Campbell, 1965 (?) () Pectinid Lima sp. JDG Campbell, 1965 S62/519 valley 456396 JDC, 55 Y (?) waraensis JDG 1965 S62/520 valley 457395 JDG, 55 Y warreni (? waraensis JDG 1965 S62/524 Mt 671444 JDG, 57PBA, Y Inoceramus aff. everesti CAP, 58 Fleming, 1958: 376, 378 [Malay omaorica] n.sp, cf. malayomaorica 57 Y Inoceramus aff. everesti GAF, 58 [Malay omaorica] n.sp. cf. malayomaorica Fleming, 1958: 376, 378 S62/525 Beautiful Mt 666444 JDC, 57 Y Inoceramus n.sp. A, CAP, 58 Fleming, 1958: 384-5, ?aff. everesti Inoceramus n.sp. B, ?aff. gracilis Anopaea n.sp. 391 (fig. 13), 392 (fig. 14). [7. n.sp. A locality 525 misprinted as 523 on p. 384] 57 Y Inoceramus n.sp. A, ?aff. everesti Inoceramus n.sp. B, ?aff. gracilis Anopaea n.sp. GAF, 58 Fleming, 1958: 384-5, 391 (fig. 13), 392 (fig. 14). [/.n.sp. A locality 525 misprinted as 523 on p. 384] S62/526 Near 668444 JDG, 57 Y Inoceramus n.sp. A, GAP, 58 Fleming, 1958: 384^5, ?aff. everesti Anopaea n.sp [Malayomaorica] n.sp. cf. malayomaorica 391 (fig. 12), 392 (fig. 15) 57 Y Inoceramus n.sp. A, ?aff. everesti Anopaea n.sp [Malayomaorica] n.sp. cf. malayomaorica GAF, 58 Fleming, 1958: 384-5, 391 (fig. 12), 392 (fig. 15) S62/527 Mt 665442 JDG, 57 N ?Buchia sp. JDG PBA, 57 N ?Buchia sp. JDG S62/528 Woolshed Stream 620430 JDC, 57 N Buchia aff. subpallasi GAF, 58 Fleming, 1958: 376, 380, 392 PBA, 57 N Buchia aff. subpallasi CAP, 58 Fleming, 1958: 376, 380, 392

Number S62/529 Locality slope Grid Collector 1882 PI. N Latest Determin. 58GAF, References Fleming, 1958: 380, S62/530 Stream 618429 HEF, 34 N Hibolithes brownei 62GRS, 390 Fleming, 1958: 390 Mutch & S62/531 Coast Beautiful 671445 HEF, 34 (GS3446) N fragments GAF, 58 Stevens, 1962: 490 Fleming, 1958: 376, 378, [Malayomaorica] 379, 390 GAF, 58 Stevens, 1962: 490 Fleming, 1958: 376, 378, 379, 390 S62/532 near Mt Beautiful 671442 HEF, 34 N malayomaorica fragments CAF, 58 Fleming, 1958: 379, aff. 390 S62/534 Jed 613386 57 Y malayomaorica “ ” sp. JDC " ” Terebratula sp. Grammatodon sp. n.sp. 64* Gastropods S62/591 S62/626 Gower tributary Hurunui River near 493470 365356 LEO, 59 60 3871) Y Y Echinoid spine JKarrerulina sp. fragments 64*NBH, GN, S62/643 Port Robinson 624338 56 3876) Y microfossils) fragments 64*GN, S62/644 Hurunui River bridge near 365357 GW, 60 Y microfossils) (no_ Cyathidites minor GN, Osmundacidites wellmanii Lycopodiumsporites austroclavatidites Baltisphaeridium sp. S62/645 Hurunui River 362357 60 3880) Y wood australis 64*GN, well manii S62/646 Hurunui River bridge 355360 GW, 3881) Y Podocarpidites major Osmundacidites wellmanii Araucariacites sp. minimus 64*GN,

S62/647 River bridge 368356 GW, Y brownei GRS, Mutch & 491Stevens, S62/648 near 368356 GW, DRG, 60 (GS7766) Y Worm tubes GRS, 64* swing bridge 368356 GW, DRG, 60 (GS7766) V Worm tubes GRS, 64* S62/776 River 367356 JTK, PAM, 63 (GS9212) Yi Buchia plicata Belemnopsis ex gr. aucklandica GRS, 64* swing bridge 367356 JTK, PAM, 63 (GS9212) Y 1 Buchia plicata Belemnopsis ex gr. aucklandica GRS, 64* S62/777 valley 386386 PAM, N of A n.sp. 384 ?Buchia GRS, S62/778 Kaiwara valley 456404 63 .NT Belemnopsis sp. GRS, S62/779 valley 454406 63 PAM, N Buchia 64*PAM, S62/780 valley 452408 ) N ?Buchia plicata GRS, 64* PAM, AEG, 63 (GS9332) N ?Buchia plicata GRS, 64* S62/781 Kaiwara valley 456404 N Anopaea n.sp. of Fleming, 1958: 385 GRS, 64* PAM, AEG, 63 (GS9332) N Anopaea n.sp. of Fleming, 1958: 385 GRS, 64* S62/782 Kaiwara River 424422 PAM, N Terebratulid GRS, 64* plicata galoi ?Buchia Belemnopsis sp. GRS, 64* S62/783 valley 456403 63 N Stomiosphaera PAM, 64* PAM, 63 (GS9334) N Stomiosphaera PAM, 64* S62/784 Hurunui near 367356 Y Decapod crustacean PAM, 64* swing bridge 367356 PAM, 63 (GS9334) Y Decapod crustacean PAM, 64* S62/785 bridge 366357 PAM, 63 (GS9335) Y Shell fragments Calcareous tubes GRS, 64* swing bridge 366357 PAM, 63 (GS9335) Y Shell fragments GRS, 64* Calcareous tubes S62/788 Hurunui swing 366355 PAM, 64 (L4330) Y Spores Microplankton DJM, 64* swing bridge 366355 PAM, 64 (L4330) Y Spores DJM, 64* Microplankton S62/792 valley 350392 64 JTK, N gr. GRS, 64* aucklandica GRS, 64* S62/793 Kaiwara valley 451386 64 N Buchia subpallasi PAM, S62/794 Kaiwara valley 451386 64PAM, N fragments PAM, S62/795 valley 447422 PAM, 64 N brownei GRS, 64* ( grammatodon) sp. GRS, 64* S62/796 valley 415365 (GS9406) 64 PAM, N galoi ?Buchia Belemnopsis GRS, S62/797 valley 447423 64 AEG, N Pelecypods 64*GRS, S62/798 valley 457393 60 GDI, A Rhynchonella” “ 64*GRS,

Latest Number Locality Ref. Collector In Determin. References S65/1 Mungo [c748151] PGM Y Terebellina GRS, 64* Morgan, 1908: 79-80, or pi. 18 GRS, 64* Morgan, 1908: 79-80, pi. 18 S65/2 Mathias Pass [c662093] ?FWH ? tubesAnnelid FWH MS Hutton, S65/3 Wilberforce River — ?FWH ? i bather FAB 1905 S65/502 Greek c802173 (GS5574) 52 MG, A cf. corrugata 64*GRS, S65/503 Mt c933938 61 (GS7851) N Terebellina mackayi Titahia corrugata IGS, S65/504 Boundary c919019 61 N Terebellina 64*GRS, S65/505 North [c680055] 61 N Terebellina ADLH S66/97 Gass-Bealey road — AM Y [, AM 88McKay, S66/560 Near bridge 201914 56 MG, N Terebellina mackayi JDG Webby, 1958: 512 56GHS, Titahia corrugata N Terebellina mackayi Titahia corrugata JDG Webby, 1958: 512 S66/561 branch N Stream, 044164 57 MG, N richmondiana JDG S66/572 Bruce Stream Trig 046171 58 Y richmondiana JDG 203 S66/573 Stream c049171 58 Y richmondiana JDG S66/613 (Mt [285902] ERW P Terebellina 64*RSA, S66/614 Puffers Greek, C341002 57 N Terebellina JDG S67/19 Thomas W — 1879 ? T fragments AM 1881: S67/22 Pass /513] 783159 1874 and AM, Y “Terebratula” sp. JDG McKay, 1877: 39, 40; (GS455) 54 GW, Monotis richmondiana 1881: 100, etc.; Mar?Monotis calvata wick, 1953; Campbell & Warren, 1955 Y “ Terebratula " sp. Monotis richmondiana ?Monotis calvata JDG McKay, 1877: 39, 40; 1881: 100, etc.; Marwick, 1953; Campbell & Warren, 1955 McKay, 1881: 90, 91; Bather, 1905; Jawor-' ski, 1915 S67/23 Ashley 1871 AM, Y [Terebellina] (holotype) EJ McKay, 1881: 90, 91; Bather, 1905; Jawor-' ski, 1915 » S67/24 of JvH Y Annelids JvH 85Haast, S67/25 Lees Ashley C633040 49 N Monotis 49HWW, Wellman, 1952: 226Munden, S67/26 N Ashley 649932 49RSA, Y Terebellina JDG Worm JDG S67/512 Ashley Gorge road [620919] JM, HWW, 49 (GS5772); Y Terebellina mackayi GRS, 64* DRG, HSG, 59 ........ . ■ . S67/513 Ashley Gorge road /22] [see [620919] JM, HWW, 49 (GS5772); DRG, HSG, 59 Y Terebellina mackayi GRS, 64* S67/514 Pass 784160 54 GW, JDG, Y fragments JDG S67/515 Lees 782168 54 Y Polyzoans JDG Campbell & Warren, ” Terebratula sp. Monotis Monotis 1955: 532 JDG Campbell & Warren, 1955: 532

S67/516 Lees 782171 54 GW, Y ” sp. " sp. PPectinid Monotis richmondiana calvata ?Ostreid JDC Campbell & Warren, 1955: S67/519 N 761194 GW, Y Polyzoans “ " Terebratula sp. Mytiliform shells JDG S67/520 Lees Pass 787164 55 Y Polyzoans 1 13 JDG S67/521 Lees 787164 GW, Y relecypods Polyzoans Mytiliform shells JDG S67/538 Valley Lees 603939 (GS7770) 60 Y mackayi GRS, 64* Terebellina mackayi Terebellina mackayi GRS, 64* S67/539 Lees 612935 60 (GS7771) Y IGS, 60* Speight, 1926; 360 DRG, 60 (GS7774) DRG, 60 (GS7773) Y Terebellina mackayi IGS, 60* Speight, 1926: 360 S67/540 Lees Valley 615928 Y Terebellina mackayi IGS, 60* DRG, 60 (GS7774) Y IGS, 60* S67/541 Ashley 649932 Y Terebellina mackayi IGS, 60* DRG, 60 (GS7773) Y Terebellina mackayi IGS, 60* S67/555 Lees 573982 GW, Y sp. 64*GRS, S67/556 Lees Road Valley 572982 61 GW, (GS9006) Y Monotis richmondiana Plant fragments Terebellina mackayi GRS, S67/558 Lees Valley 599942 GW, 61 Y GRS, 64* TJHG, 62 Y GRS, 64* S67/560 Coopers E [c521909] N Terebellina TJHG TJHG, 62 N Terebellina TJHG S72/496 Forbes [Mt D’Archiac] — 1861JvH, ? Serpulidae JvH 1862: 124Haast, S72/497 Forbes — FWH ? erebellina FWH S72/498 /500, /501, Rocky Mt C445635 JvH, 1872 1861; 1877 ) 52; ACS, 62 (GS9028, 9029); Y Rhynchonella Rhynchonella nuggetensis spinosa Spiriferina kaihikuana Spiriferina carolinae trechmanni Spiriferina (holotype) Athyris zealandica ?Nuculana sp. apteryx Maoritrigonia sp. Triaphorus sp. ” sp. Mixosaurus (?) (holotype) Bone fragments JDG GAF, 62 RL 1862: 125; 1878 1962: 1874: Lydekker, 1889: 113

Number Locality Grid Collector Fossils Latest Determin. References S72/499 Mt C443620 1877 11;AM, 62ACB, Y minutaPhyllotheca (holotype) lillieanum (holotype) lacerata (holotype) Dictyophyllum lobum australisCladophebis Taeniopteris (holotype) ana Baiera (holotype) conferta Dicroidium pteroides Arber, 17 EANA, 1917: 1957: S72/505 River c260612 61; JDG, 62 A nuggetensis Mentzeliopsis parki kaihikuana kaihikuana Athyris Dielasma sp. Nucula sp. Nuculana sp. " ” kakanuia Chlamys apteryx Praegonia Panope sp. Nautiloid Grinoid JDG S72/507 R.Fitzgerald 35624 (GS9089) 61 GW, A tubes S72/508 Havelock Carneys c258607 62 GW, Y parki Daonella sp. Panope sp. 64* JDG

S72/509 above c293645 62 JDG, N Spiriferina kaihikuana Daonella sp. JDG 62 N Spiriferina kaihikuana JDC Daonella sp. S72/522 Glacier Upper [cl61653] 64 CG, Y mackayiTerebellina 64*GRS, S72/523 Glacier c489870 49 N cf. JDG S73/20 Hills — ?1874 AM, ? Annelids AM 1884: S73/504 Cascade (Redcliffe) 988748 61 Y 1874; Terebellina mackayi IGS, 61* McKay, 1877: 40 63 Anaptychus GAF, 63 Fleming, 1963a: 706 Anaptychus IGS, 61* GAF, 63 McKay, 1877: 40 Fleming, 1963a; 706 S73/505 N R., 904636 (GS7843) 61 Y Terebellina 61*IGS, S74/5 Lake Lyndon — 1872 ? Terebellina mackayi GRS, S74/21 Ben — ?JvH ? [Terebellina] ?JvH 1885: 339Hector, S74/22 River — FWH ? Dentalium (holotype) FAB Bather, 521Finlay, S74/23 Mt Torlesse, — 01HTF, Y [T mackayi 15 1905 S74/24 end — 1869 71861; (GS429*) ? [Terebellina] JHr 73, 339 S74/25 RiverAcheron — JvH Y Annelid JvH 73Haast, S74/26 end Gorge, — 1870 PTC, Y [Terebellina] mackayi 26PTC, 79; 94 S74/27 Road [c237836] 1868 JHr, ? Plant JHr 1881: (footnote) McKay, note) McKay, S74/28 Valley — 1868 ? T JHr S74/29 summit Pass, 15852] [c2 AM ? Annelid AM S74/30 Saddle High [243658] 20RSp, Y and/or RSp 1920: 1928: S74/507 Stream 182716 52JDC, Y mackayi JDG 74/5 S Upper 165695 52 Y Terebellina batheri JDC S74/512 Rakaia gorge near R., 103622 54 GW, Y Terebellina mackayi JDG S74/513 Rakaia gorge 100625 54 GW, Y Terebellina mackayi JDG S74/514 gorge 080633 55 GHS, JDC, Y Terebellina mackayi JDG S74/515 slopes east 060649 55 GHS, Y mackayi JDC S74/516 east 055657 55 Y Terebellina JDG S74/517 slopes Mt 056665 55 Y Terebellina mackayi JDC S74/518 Mt east 048660 55 Y Terebellina mackayi JDG S74/519 near 080633 GW, 55; N “ Terebratula” sp. JDC 56DAB, Halobia sp. N “ Terehr alula” sp. Halobia sp. JDG S74/532 River 252820 57 Y Terebellina mackayi JDC fragments JDG S74/534 Acheron Head 154814 56ORW, A Terebellina mackayi JDG S74/555 Stream 048698 (GS9090) GW, Y Terebellina mackayi 64* S74/557 RiverAcheron 098747 (GS7772) 60 A Terebellina mackayi 60*

Number Locality Ref.Grid Collector Fossils In Latest Determin. References S74/626 Kowai River Upper 252820 57 DSC, N Radiolaria JDG 65 al., S75/1 of - AM Y [Terebellina] AM 93McKay, S75/2 Gorge [c486775] 53 Stern, N Monotis richmondiana JDG S75/501 Gorge 486775 54 AM; Y mackayi JDG 92 S75/502 River 453892 58 Y Terebellina JDG S75/514 Coopers 525891 DRG, HSG, 59 (GS7764) N Terebellina mackayi IGS, 60* “ S base of Mt Cook ” 525891 DRG, HSG, 59 (GS7764) N Terebellina mackayi IGS, 60* S79/1 — JvH ? “ Fucoid plants ” JvH Haast, 1872a: 5 “ S base of Mt Cook ” — JvH ? “ Fucoid plants ” JvH Haast, 1872a: 5 S79/2 Glacier — FWH ? erebellina FAB 1905 S79/508 Kitchener — 56ARL, Y Terebellina mackayi ARL ARL Y Terebellina mackayi ARL S79/509 ridge W - Y Worm tracks ARL Lillie, 1962: 260 ARL Y Worm tracks ARL Lillie, 1962: 260 S80/1 [Observation Hill] — JvH ? Terebellina JvH 124Haast, Speight, 1921; 41, 43 S80/2 Stony R. — 20RSp, N Monotis RSp Speight, 1921: 41, 43 S80/507 Range — VRM, 61 Y tracks VRM S80/508 Macaulay R. ■ 61VRM, Y burrows VRM 1/509 Forest 949480 GW, 61 Y minor Cyathidites GN, S81/511 Stream Taylors 959508 (GS7994) 61 N australis Todisporites sp. wellmanii Lycopodiumsporites austroclavatidites segmentatus australis minimus Ginkgocycadophytus nitidus Vitreisporites pallidus Classopollis Terebellina 64* S82/504 Hill Stream Pudding 016532 61 RSp; (GS9008) (GS9009) 61 GW, Y mackayi 64* 26 S82/506 Hill Stream 016533 Y Terebellina mackayi GRS, S82/505 Stream Pudding 016548 61 GW, Y Terebellina mackayi GRS, S82/507 Stream Pudding 016551 61GW, Y Terebellina GW S89/502 PlateauAnnette 287] 1 61 Y mackayi ARL S89/503 Annette [c721294] 61 Y Terebellina mackayi ARL

S89/504 Dobson 675222 63 63 N Terebellina mackayi GRS, GRS, 64* Grindley, 1963: 894 GWGr, 63 N Terebellina mackayi GRS, 64* Grindley, 1963: 894 S89/505 Dobson River 694247 N Terebellina mackayi 64* Grindley, 1963: 894 S89/506 Dobson River Dobson Upper valley 705256 GWGr, 63 N Plant fragments Upper Dobson valley 694247 705256 N N Terebellina mackayi Plant fragments GRS, 64* Grindley, 1963: 894 S89/509 Tasman valley 765059 64 A mackayi 64* 64* S89/510 Tasman Jacks 731035 (GS9404) 64 ETA, A Terebellina GRS, 64* S89/511 valley 765013 64 ETA, A Terebellina 64*GRS, 64* S90/519 Lake [cl 58GMM, Y ? Shell fragments JDG ACB, LJB, 63 Y ? Shell fragments JDG S90/520 Sutherland 127284 A Plant fragments ACB ACB, LJB, 63 A Plant fragments ACB S91/7 Peaks Range — JvH ? plants JvH 5 1872a: Haast, 1/501 528008 above Y MG, ?Rhynchonellid JDC ?Productid Spirifer sp. Terebratulid PPectinid fragments Gastropod Atomodesma fragments JDG S91/502 Peel Mt Lynn 765179 55GMM, N JDG Atomodesma fragments JDG S91/520 Mowbray 553073 60HSG, Y fragments HSG 184Gair, S91/536 tributary 629018 58 Y fragments ? TDG S9 Mowbray 553070 60HSG, Y ? HSG 187Gair, S99/499 Lake - 1868 AM, ? [Terebellina] AM 79McKay, S99/501 Lake — (GS9336) 60 (GS7943) 60 A Terebellina GRS, GRS, 64* S99/502 Lake Ridge — A mackayi GRS, 64* S99/503 Lake Ridge — 60 KG, A Terebellina GRS, S100/501 Range — 58GMM, A Terebellina JDG S101/610 Stream, gorge 285778 56 LEO, Y Atomodesma 64*JBW, 02/605 SI River 635813 62 (GS9166) N stems 64*JBW, 64* S102/607 River, 627817 HWW 63; HSG, (P28964) Y fragments GRS, Wellman, 1952: 12 64* Wellman, 1952: 12 SI02/608 River 636812 (P28336) 62 GW, Y PRadiolaria 64*GRS, 64* SI 10/524 Upper gorge C414577 61 V 7 Atomodesma trechmanni JBW, 64* (GS5082) Atomodesma trechmanni JBW, 64* SI Dam [c875296] 48 Cladophlebis australis SMB Bell, Harrington & McAEG, 63 australisCladophlebis bilobaChiropteris bilobaChiropteris (holotype) (holotype) waitakiensis Chiropteris waitakiensis Chiropteris (holotype) (holotype) Thinnfeldia odonto-Thinnfeldia pteroides lancifolia Thinnfeldia ?Thinnfeldia PThinnfeldia ?Callipteridium sp. Kellar, 1956 SMB Bell, Harrington & McKellar, 1956 PCallipteridium sp.

Number Locality Ref.Grid Collector In Latest Determin. References PI. Fossils Latest Determin. References (continued) SI lillieanum Linguifolium Linguifolium ense Gorystospermaceae digitata Ginkgo Carpolithus 17/473 SI Wharekuri Terrace, — (GS552*) 1880 AM, N Spiriferina Athyris, etc. AM 77McKay, SI Mary St (GS780) JP, Y spinosa Spiriferina fragilis H ” “ Chlamys (holotype) Lima Agonisca Agonisca Nautiloid 60IGS, GAF, 63 Park, 1927: Marwick, 1956; Speden, Fleming, 846. 17/503 SI Mary St Mt c972106 ARM, 57 Y cf. landica spinosa Spiriferina kaihikuana kaihikuana Athyris cf. Astartid Gastropod 60IGS, 1960; & 1960: 522Speden, 17/509 SI Corbies [= 773246 58 63 AEG, Y sp. gairi Agonisca (holotype) sp. Pelecypod greggi (holotype) 62IGS, Gregg & 95; 1963b

SI Corbies 771244 58 (GS7204) Y cf. landica Mentzeliopsis cf. himalayana sp. Trigoniid Daonella apteryx sp. gairi (holotype) sp. Kamupena greggi 62IGS, 64*GAP, & 95-61962: S117/511 Hill 073103 ARM, ARM, (GS7205) etc.; Y PCladochonus fragments 64*JBW, 78 1882: McKay, 1SI of St Mary c935150 (GS7325) 58 Y ? Mentzeliopsis 59* & 1 1SI Road, to Valley DRG, HSG, 58 Y Cladophlebis australis Dicroidium odontopteroides Chiropteris sp. Linguifolium waitakiense PDesmiophyllum sp. PStenopteris sp. Taeniopteris sp. SMB, 64* Gair, Gregg & Speden, 1962; 94 C809199 DRG, HSG, 58 Y Cladophlebis australis Dicroidium odontopteraides Ghiropteris sp. Linguifolium waitakiense PDesmiophyllum sp. PStenopteris sp. Taeniopteris sp. SMB, 64* Gair, Gregg & Speden, 1962; 94 77/5 Potato Near c981370 (GS7327) 58 Y PCladochonus fragments Grinoid JBW, S117/518 cutting, Road c880250 58 (GS7326) Y aff. Mentzeliopsis spinosa cf. Spiriferina hikuana IGS, JDG Speden, Gregg & 94 S117/519 Mt St C962108 HSG, 58 (GS7334) Y Rhynchonella sp. kaihikuana Spiriferina cf. parki kaihikuana Athyris ” Chlamys PPteria fragment 60IGS, 522Speden,

Number Locality Grid Collector Latest Fossils In References SI Benmore-Black rd c915348 59 56 CHS, JDG, Y fragments 17/560 SI /561 — N Rhynchonella SI 17/594 SI [see rdBenmore-Black c920381 63GMM, A landica kaihikuana Spiriferina kaihikuana Athyris zealandica Dielasma thomsoniana Agonisca PPteria sp. fragments SI Creek 768240 64 63; Y Rhynchonella SI17/599 Corbies 770242 64 63; Y landica Rhynchonella sp. spinosa kaihikuana Athyris Dielasma PLima Daonella apteryx Rhynchonella sp. SI17/601 GreekCorbies 773246 63; Y Daonella sp. Agonisca SI to 787227 64 ; RJR, Y Trigoniid greggi Rhynchonella SI valley 789226 to JDC, 64 RJR, 63; RJR, JDG, 64 Y Mentzeliopsis spinosa Spiriferina kaihikuana Dielasma zealandica Agonisca corbiensis Daonella apteryx ?Astartid Kamupena greggi Rhynchonella zealandica JDG 789226 JDC, 64 RJR, 63; RJR, JDC, 64 Y Mentzeliopsis spinosa Spiriferina kaihikuana Dielasma zealandica Agonisca corbiensis Daonella apteryx ?Astartid Kamupena greggi Rhynchonella zealandica JDC valley Mentzeliopsis kaihikuana aff, fragilis Dielasma ?NucuIanid

Trigoniid Chlamys Daonella apteryx ?Astartid gairi greggi Isocrinus sp. 17/606 SI Road, to valley 802207 63; 64 Y Spiriferina JDG 17/609 SI Road, Greek valley 797221 63; RJR, 64JDG, Y PMonotrypella sp. zealandica Mentzeliopsis Spiriferina Spiriferina carolinae Athyris Dielasma cf. Patella Grinoid JDG 3 Road, to valley 788221 63 DSC, Y Rhynchonella JDG Spiriferina Spiriferina Athyris zealandica SI [see SI17/645 W Otamatapaio 727258 64RJR, A Rhynchonella zealandica Mentzeliopsis Dielasma sp. apteryx Isocrinus sp. SI17/662 Rock Greek 941124 58 V Spiriferina ARM SI Rocky 096114 58ARM, Y ? ARM fragments SI Black Jacks 878335 64 SYK, Y PDicroidium JDG SI Dam 878290 SYK, 64 Y PDicroidium JDG

Number Locality Ref. Collector Latest In Determin. References SI Hakataramea Gorge [126125] 55 Y fragments 78McKay, 18/574 SI Gorge 126116 (GS6366) 58GDI, A fragment JBW, SI18/587 Quarry, 102103 ARM, Y Atomodesma fragment JBW, 64* ARM, PMC, 58 ARM, 58 Y Atomodesma fragment JBW, 64* 18/593 SI River 482318 Y PAtomodesma fragments ARM ARM, PMG, 58 ARM, 58 Y PAtomodesma fragments ARM SI 18/594 SE Gorge 134103 58ARM, Y ARM SI 18/596 SI [see of 118123 58 Y fragments ARM SI Otaio River 487349 58 Y fragments ARM 18/598 SI River 482330 58ARM, Y fragments ARM SI 26/504 River [070100] 55 ARM, Y 64* PCladochonus JBW, S127/374 foot S at Peak, 1880 AM, fragments AM 78McKay, S127/624 S127/625 Peak Station Peak Station 183087 173098 58DRG, 58DRG, Y ments Plant PCladochonus JBW, PAtomodesma fragments S127/643 Gorge SE 135096 58ARM, Y fragments ARM S127/644 Peak SW Road, 163065 58ARM, Y ARM 27/645 SI Road Hill Grassy 354965 58ARM, Y ARM SI28/496 of W 1880 AM, Y AM 78McKay, S128/512 road 559053 58 Y fragments S128/513 road 578068 58ARM, Y ARM S128/514 road 558052 58 Y fragments ARM S146/560 Mountain, 316310 61 19; Y ?Gastropods ?PGM 1919: fragments

Table II—LIST OF FOSSILIFEROUS LOCALITIES AND COLLECTIONS