Some Foraminifera from the Upper Miocene and Pliocene of Wairarapa, New Zealand.

Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand : Geology, Volume 2, Issue 1, 20 February 1963, Page 1

Some Foraminifera from the Upper Miocene and Pliocene of Wairarapa, New Zealand.

Paul Vella

By

Geology Department, Victoria University of Wellington.

[.Received by the Editor, June 25, 1962.]

Abstract

Twelve new species of fossil Foraminifera are described and illustrated, and three new genera are proposed. The new species are: Haeuslerella finlayi, Sigmoilopsis zeaserus, Buliminoides missilis, “ Bolivina ” turbiditorum, Bolivinita pliobliqua, Parafrondicularia wairarapa, Hofkeruva (Trigonouva) pliozea, Hofkeruva (Tereuva) lutorum, Hofkeruva (Laminiuva) rodleyi rodleyi and rodleyi tutamoides, Noviuva zealandica, Neouvigerina bellula, Neouvigerina eketahuna. The species formerly known as Bigenerina pliocenica Finlay is transferred to the genus Haeuslerella Parr; Nodosaria sinalata Finlay, and subtetragona Finlay, to the new genus Awhea (Lagenidae); Plectofrondicularia advena Cushman, whaingaroica (Stache) and vaughani Cushman to the new genus Proxifrons (Lagenidae); Uvigerina peregrina and allied spino-costate species to the new genus Noviuva (Uvigerinidae). Known stratigraphic ranges and inferred depth ranges are given for each species.

Introduction

Most of the species described below were collected from Eketahuna and Mauriceville districts, in northern Wairarapa, by G. Neef and G. E. Orbell, research students in geology at Victoria University of Wellington. Three new genera and twelve new species are described to validate names for stratigraphic and paleoecological studies.

Over much of Wairarapa slightly indurated marine sediments of Upper Miocene to lower Pleistocene age rest unconformably on a basement of Mesozoic rocks. They form a sedimentary cycle best illustrated by the section exposed in the sea-cliffs at the north-east side of Palliser Bay in southern Wairarapa (Vella, 1962 a). Generally the transgressive phase of the cycle indicates rapid deepening and the regressive phase indicates slow shallowing. The Upper Miocene and lower and middle Pliocene sediments are generally several thousand feet thick, and except for the lower few hundred feet are mainly muddy sandstones, mudstones, and

turbidites which were deposited at depths greater than I,oooft. The upper Pliocene and lower Pleistocene sediments are generally much thinner and coarser, and were mostly deposited in depths less than I,oooft. Upper Miocene and lower Pliocene shallow-water sediments occur in limited areas and define near marginal parts of the main basin of deposition.

In the deep-water sediments Foraminifera are the only useful age correlation fossils, because other fossils are rare. Correlation of deep- and shallow-water facies is difficult because of differences in foraminiferal faunas (Vella, 1962 b). Shallowing during middle and late Pliocene time caused the disappearance of many species from the area. Deep-water species such as Robulus costatus (F. and M.), R. echinatus (d’Orb.), Lenticulina mammiligera (Karr.), and “ Nodosaria” multicast ales (Fin.), which are generally considered to have become extinct in lower Pliocene time (Fleming, 1959), may have disappeared because of shallowing, and may have disappeared from different areas at different times. Sediments which have been classed as lower Pliocene solely because they contain one or more of these species may actually be middle or even late Pliocene in age. Stage correlation is not reliable and the stratigraphic range of each species is therefore given in terms of stratigraphic zones of either a deep-water or a shallow-water series, depending on the depth range of the particular species, as well as in terms of New Zealand stages. The stratigraphic zones (defined by Vella, 1962 b) and their provisional correlation with New Zealand and European stages are as set out in Table I.

The depth biofacies originally recognised in the Opoitian and Waitotaran stages in northern Wairarapa (Vella, 1962 b, 1962 c) seem to represent substantially the same inferred depths from the Upper Tongaporutuan to the Hautawan. Depth ranges of species are given in terms of biofacies and inferred depths as follows:

Streblus Biofacies ...... estuarine *Zeaflorilus Biofacies 0 c 20ft Elphidium Biofacies 200 ± 100 ft Haeuslerella Biofacies 600 ± 300 ft *Karreriella Biofacies 1,000 ± 100 ft Robulus Biofacies 2,000 ± I,oooft Semipelagic Biofacies , 4,000 ± 2,000 ft Eupelagic Biofacies 8,000 ± 4,000 ft

Systematic Descriptions All holotypes of new species are in the collection of the Geology Department. Victoria University of Wellington. Paratypes of all except rare species have been presented to the New Zealand Geological Survey.

Family TEXTULARIIDAE

Genus Haeuslerella

Haeuslerella finlayi n. sp. (PI. 1, fig. 11) Shell large, solid, juvenile two-fifths biserial like Textularia, changing fairly suddenly to adult three-fifths which is uniserial but not quite rectilinear. Juvenile part broader than adult part, compressed with narrowly rounded periphery, and with fairly smooth surface cement covering all but the largest sand grains and obscuring the obtusely angled, chevronshaped flush sutures. Adult part consisting of 3 to 5 hemispheroidal chambers, each except the terminal one half-embraced by the succeeding one; terminal chamber generally slightly produced to the simple, round, terminal aperture; adult sutures impressed and fairly clearly defined; surface of terminal chamber rough, constructed of irregularly-shaped moderately coarse grains, and lacking finishing surface cement; surface of penultimate chamber partly smoothed, and surface of earlier adult chambers almost as smooth as the juvenile shell.

Length: 1.37 mm; breadth of juvenile: 0.44 mm; breadth of adult: 0.35 mm (holotype). Type Locality. N153f907, Eketahuna District (Opoitian), 10 paratypes. Stratigraphic Range. Compressa Zone?, Zeaserus Zone, Inflata Zone (Upper Tongaporutuan? to Opoitian) ; deep enough facies are probably lacking above the Inflata Zone.

Egologic Range. Semipelagic Biofacies and probably Eupelagic Biofacies (4,000 ± 2,000 ft to greater depth). Remarks. Similar to Haeuslerella pliocenica (Finlay) but distinguished by the relatively smooth surface of all but the last two chambers. A similar, but smaller and still smoother Bigenerina- like form in rocks of similar age but shallower facies, especially at Palliser Bay is a distinct species which is not yet described. Some specimens of Haeuslerella morgani Finlay in the Taranaki Series have nearly rectilinear adult chambers, but are smaller than finlayi, and have a fairly even cement finish over the whole shell.

Haeuslerella pliocenica (Finlay). 1939. Bigenerina pliocenica Finlay, Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. 69 (3), p. 311, PI. 24, fig. 15. This species was classed as Bigenerina by Finlay because of the sudden transition from its biserial juvenile to its rectilinear uniserial phase. Most species of Haeuslerella change gradually from the biserial to the uniserial phase, but the late Tertiary species H. parri Finlay and H. finlayi n. sp. both change suddenly. In its almost rectilinear adult stage and in the roughened surface of its final chambers finlayi is intermediate between pliocenica and morgani. Hence despite its superficial resemblance to the European species Bigenerina nodosaria d’Orbigny, pliocenica is almost certainly a member of the supposedly endemic New Zealand genus Haeuslerella and represents the culmination of the main trend of evolution of the group from completely biserial Textularia- like forms (early Tertiary) to predominantly uniserial forms (late Tertiary). The western Java species Bigenerina speciosa Yabe and Asano is possibly related to pliocenica, as was suggested by Finlay, but if so should be reclassified as Haeuslerella.

Stratigraphic Range. Finlay (1939) gave the range as Opoitian to Waitotaran, but for many years it has been considered to extend from Upper Tongaporutuan to Hautawan. The writer, and possibly other micropaleontologists, however, has hitherto misidentified H. finlayi as pliocenica. The stratigraphic range of true H. pliocenica therefore may need to be reassessed. Ecologig Range. Karreriella Biofacies and Robulus Biofacies [c 900 to 2,000 ± 1,000 ft),

Family MILIOLIDAE Subfamily SIGMOILOPSINAE Genus Sigmoilopsis Finlay Sigmoilopsis zeaserus n. sp. (PI. 1, figs. 14, 15). 1959. Sigmoilopsis aff. schlumbergeri (Silv.), Fleming. Lexique Strat. Internat. 6 (4), p. 281. 1962. Sigmoilopsis n. sp. aff. schlumbergeri (Silv.), Vella, Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. Geol. 1 ( —), passim. Shell large for the genus, broadly ovate, moderately compressed, obscurely sigmoid in end view, with narrowly rounded acute periphery. Aperture circular, situated on a short neck with thin phialine lip seldom preserved, and with a simple internal tooth on the inner side. Surface of shell rough with fine to medium sand grains lacking a finishing layer of cement.

Length; 0.76 mm; breadth: 0.575 mm; thickness: 0.40 mm (holotype). Type Locality. N153f916, miles north-east of Hawera Road, Eketahuna District (Opoitian) ; 7 paratypes. Stratigraphic Range. Zeaserus Zone to Infiata Zone (Kapitean to Opoitian). S. zeaserus replaces S. schlumbergeri at or near the base of the Kapitean Stage, thus defining the base of the Zeaserus Zone. Shallowing may account for the absence of S. zeaserus from the Molestus Zone, which immediately overlies the Infiata Zone.

Ecologig Range. Robulus Biofacies to Semipelagic Biofacies (2,000 ± I,oooft to 4,000 ± 2,000 ft) ; fairly persistent, but uncommon. Remarks. Distinguished from Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri by rougher surface, larger size, and usually greater relative width.

Family LAGENIDAE Subfamily FRONDICULARIINAE Apertures of many Frondicularia- like species of Foraminifera, even when wellpreserved, are difficult to see clearly, and cannot be considered diagnostic of any particular family. Many species have been placed in the Heterohelicid genus Plectofrondicularia for no better reason than that they have a biserial initial stage. Well defined radiate apertures show that the Frondicularia- like genera Kyphopyxa Cushman, Parafrondicularia Asano, and Dyofrondicularia Asano are definitely Lagenidia, and by common consent these genera are classed as Lagenidae. Some of the species which up till now have been classed as Plectofrondicularia are here considered to be Parafrondicularia, and others are classed in a new genus Proxifrons. Neanic shells are conservative in many Foraminifera, and prolocula, where visible, appear to be even more conservative. Though the proloculum has not been mentioned by Foraminiferal taxonomists, such as Cushman (1948) and Sigal (1952), if it has some peculiarity of shape or ornament or size, as in many lagenidae, it may be just as useful for determining relationships of foraminiferal species as the protoconch is for determining relationships of gastropod species. Each of the two new genera of Frondiculariinae described below has a distinctive proloculum.

Genus Parafrondicularia Asano, 1938 Type species, by original designation, Parafrondicularia japonica Asano, Pliocene, Japan. In New Zealand at least three groups of species have been included in Plectofrondicularia Liebus, 1903;

(1) Species like the type {P. concava Liebus, subsequent designation, Cushman, 1928) —elongate, with concave sides, subparallel margins, quadrate cross-section emphasised by longitudinal keels at the four angles and an additional keel at each peripheral margin— proparri Finlay (Oligocene), parri Finlay (Lower-Mid Miocene), turgida Hornibrook (Lower Miocene), and pohana Finlay (Upper Miocene). These species, as noted by Finlay (1939) are closely related to the American floridana Cushman (Miocene) and California Cushman and Stewart (Pliocene). Restricted to species like these, Plectofrondicularia forms part of a compact group of Heterohelicid genera which includes Bolivinita Cushman, 1927, Amphimorphina Neugeboren, 1850 (= Nodomorphina Cushman, 1927) and Staff ia Schubert, 1911. Quadrate cross-section, four primary keels, and usually two peripheral keels are characteristic of these genera, though lost in the adult stage of Amphimorphina, and are strongly conservative shell features. (2) Species similar in outline to typical Plectofrondicularia, but with flat (not concave) sides usually ornamented with dense, fine, longitudinal ribs, and with a narrowly rounded or acute periphery lacking the three keels— fyfei Finlay, pellucida Finlay, possibly awamoana Finlay. The adult chambers of these shells are almost invariably broken because they are so delicate; the writer has seen one specimen of pellucida with the final chamber and aperture intact. The aperture is round, situated on a short cylindrical neck, and has an irregularly denticulate margin, rather similar to that on advena figured by Bready (1884; pi. 66, fig. 9), and could well be a modified radiate aperture. Parafrondicularia japonica closely resembles these species (except advena ) in its overall shape and ornament, and its aperture is radiate though it lacks the neck which occurs on pellucida. Plectofrondicularia fyfei Finlay and Plectofrondicularia pellucida Finlay are therefore reclassed as Parafrondicularia in the family Lagenidae. Plectofrondicularia awamoana Finlay is reclassed as Parafrondicularia? (3) The third group of species is described below as the new genus Proxifrons.

Parafrondicularia wairarapa n. sp. (PI. 1, figs. 4-6) Shell fairly large, moderately broad, tapering to acute or narrowly rounded initial end, initially biserial in microspheric, uniserial in megalospheric. Uniserial chambers at first chevron-shaped, but becoming progressively more embracing and more strongly curved at the periphery. Sculpture of 2 to 6 fine longitudinal more or less continuous riblets near the middle of each face, and narrow thin peripheral flange. Proloculum globular with two peripheral flanges.

Length: 0.725 mm; breadth: 0.275 mm (holotype). Type Locality. N153f971, near Alfredton, Eketahuna District, Middle Tongaporutuan; 2 paratypes; 5 additional paratypes from N153f916, 1|- miles north-east of Hawera Road (Opoitian). Stratigraphic Range. Below Compressa Zone to Inflata Zone (Tongaporutuan to Opoitian).

Remarks. Incomplete nearly adult chambers on holotype and figured paratype are pathological deformities. Parafrondicularia goharai ( Plectofrondicularia goharai Kuwano) from the Pliocene of Japan is the most similar species, but has more numerous ribs which are evenly distributed on the early part of the shell and die out on the adult part. P. wairarapa is intermediate in form between Parafrondicularia and the new genus Proxifrons in its width and its embracing adult chambers. It is intermediate between each of these genera and Frondicularia in its development of biserial chambers, the megalospheric form having the essential characters of Frondicularia.

Genus Proxifrons nov. Type species: Plectofrondicularia advena Cushman, Recent. Shell extremely compressed, broad and mucronate in side view, with small initial biserial

stage followed by inverted V-shaped chambers extending far back along the periphery towards the apex. Aperture typically round and obscurely radiate. Proloculum typically subspherical and ornamented with a single strong longitudinal rib on each side.

In addition to the type species this genus includes Frondicularia whaingaroica Stache (Eocene to Lower Miocene), Plectofrondicularia vaughani Cushman (late Tertiary) and similar broad leaf-like species. As noted by Hornibrook (1961, p. 81) whaingaroica appears to grade into advena in the late Tertiary in New Zealand. Proxifrons vaughani, which is distinguished by its great width, appears to be an offshoot of the whaingaroica-advena lineage. Both advena and vaughani occur fairly persistently in late Tertiary bathyal mudstones in New Zealand.

Genus Awhea nov.

Type species: Nodosaria sinalata Finlay, late Tertiary, New Zealand. Compressed or cylindrical nodosarioid shells with ornament of strong longitudinal ribs, and with sub-oval bluntly pointed large proloculum.

This genus includes two New Zealand species, sinalata (Finlay, 1939, p. 452, pi. 63, fig. 49), Upper Miocene to Pliocene, and subtetragona (Finlay, loc. cit. fig. 47), Miocene. Finlay noted that subtetragona closely resembles “ Nodosaria tetragona Costa” from Trinidad as figured by Cushman and Jarvis (1930, p. 360, pi. 33, fig. 1).

Hornibrook (1961, p. 83) placed subtetragona in Staffia Schubert, of which Nodosaria tetragona Costa is the type species. Costa’s figure of the holotype of tetragona shows a shell very different from subtetragona —compressed, with only four keels which are disposed like the four primary keels of Bolivinita and Plectofrondicularia. The six longitudinal ribs of subtetragona lend a superficial resemblance to the heterohelicid genera grouped around Plectofrondicularia, but are disposed differently. The perfectly cylindrical juvenile of subtetragona probably indicates a non-heterohelicid ancestor, and the large peculiarly-shaped proloculum suggests relationship with some species of Frondicularia. The most likely interpretation is that the genus Awhea is a Frondicularian group which is convergent to Nodosaria.

Finlay considered Nodosaria tosta Schwager (Pliocene, Indo-Pacific) to be related to sinalata.

Family BULIMINIDAE Subfamily TURRILININAE Genus Buliminella Cushman

Buliminella missilis n. sp. (PI. 1, fig. 3) A small, compact, cigar-shaped helicoid spiral of narrow chambers with raised limbate sutures subparallel to the coiling axis. Initial end narrowly rounded, adult end broadly rounded. Spiral suture obscure, ascending steeply and making little more than one revolution of the shell. Aperture comma-shaped, situated in a depression to one side of the adult end of the shell, apparently an umbilical chink and not an opening into the last formed chamber.

Length: 0.56 mm; breadth: 0.17 mm (holotype). Type Locality. N 1581624 a, sandstone phase of a turbidite rhythm, Glelands Road, Mauriceville district (Kapitean Stage). Four paratypes in the type sample, 2 paratypes in the mudstone phase of the same rhythm (N158f624b) and 7 paratypes in a turbidite rhythm at another Glelands Road locality (N158f630). Stratigraphic Range. Known only from the turbidites at Glelands Road; Kapitea-Zeaserus Zone (mixed shallow- and deep-water faunas), Kapitean Stage. Ecologig Range. In the turbidites B. missilis is associated with Buliminella elegantissima (d’Orb.) and Buliminoides williamsonianus (Brady) which are unequivocally very shallow-water species (see Natland, 1957, etc.). None of the

three has been found in numerous samples from very deep- to moderately shallowwater non-turbidite facies. B. missilis was therefore probably restricted to very shallow water.

Remarks. Buliminella missilis is probably closely related to B. gracilis Collins (1953) from the Pleistocene of western Victoria, Australia, but is shorter, and more pointed at the initial end. The relationship to Buliminoides suggested by Collins is supported by the almost longitudinal sutural ribs, and by the apertural characteristics of B. missilis.

Subfamily BOLIVININAE Genus Bolivina d’Orbigny “Bolivina” turbiditorum n. sp. (PI. 1, figs. 1,2) Shell small, solid, with rounded periphery, tapering from adult to rounded initial end, biserial apparently throughout (initial few chambers obscured by secondary callus). Each chamber produced to form a carina which lies just above the suture at and near the periphery of the shell, but curves sharply up about two thirds of the distance in towards the middle line of the shell, leaving a depressed area where the chamber overlaps the previous chamber; the inner parts of carinae are almost in line on successive alternate chambers, and the two series, one on each side of the middle line, define a longitudinal concave area on each side of the shell; within each concave area limbate sutures (really the thick rims of previous apertures) between the overlapping parts of the chambers form a zig-zag line. Aperture large, subtriangular, surrounded by a heavy glassy rim.

Length: 0.44 mm; breadth (side view) : 0.25 mm; thickness (peripheral view) : 0.175 mm ( holoty pe ). Type Locality. N158f624b, mudstone phase of turbidite rhythm, Clelands Road, Mauriceville district, 10 paratypes. Stratigraphic Range. Known with certainty only from the turbidites at Clelands Road; Kapitea-Zeaserus Zone, Kapitean Stage. Ecologig Range. As for Buliminella missilis.

Remarks. One of a group of closely related species in the late Tertiary and Pleistocene which have generally been referred to loosely as Bolivina cf. parri Cushman. Typical Bolivina parri has the concave areas developed weakly and only on the early part of the shell. The rounded periphery and transversely carinate chambers characterise a group of Bolivinid shells which are now classed in various genera, for example Loxostomum pakaurangiensis Hornibrook and Bifarina fimbriata (Millet). These features indicate closer relationship than do the stages between the biserial and uniserial condition which are the main basis of the present generic classification. As yet there is no generic name for species of the parriturbiditorum group, and they are provisionally classed as “Bolivina.”

Family HETEROHELICIDAE Genus Bolivinita Cushman Bolivinita pliobliqua n. sp. (PI. 1, figs. 12, 13) Shell similar to pliozea Finlay, but rhomboid in transverse section, and generally narrower and longer; slightly twisted, tapering gently from the adult end to the bluntly rounded initial end. Sides smooth, concave, each bounded by its own pair of prominent longitudinal keels. Periphery separated from sides by the keels, gently convex, ornamented by two to four longitudinal ribs which are continuous across the sutures.

Length: 0.575 mm; width (side view) : 0.20 mm; thickness (peripheral view) : 0.15 mm; width of concave area between keels on one side; 0.14 mm (holotype). Type Locality. N 1531910, Makakahi River, Eketahuna District (Kapitean) ; 35 paratypes.

Stratigraphic Range. Gompressa Zone to Kingmai Zone (Upper Tongapom tuan to Waitotaran).

Ecologic Range. Not established with certainty, but about Haeuslerella Biofacies to Robulus Biofacies, a moderately shallow to moderately deep water species, and the most common Bolivinita in the late upper Miocene and the Pliocene of Wairarapa. Several other species occur within the same stratigraphic range but each appears to have a different ecology. Bolivinita compressa Finlay is relatively infrequent in Wairarapa and appears to have been a very deep-water species. Bolivinita pohana Finlay occurs in the semipelagic Biofacies with an estimated depth range of 4,000 ± 2,000 ft —greater than the probable maximum depth range of pliobliqua. Bolivinita pliozea Finlay occurs in shallow-water Kapitean (uppermost Miocene) sediments, becomes common in the late Pliocene, and completely replaces pliobliqua in the Pleistocene, this replacement being probably due to shallowing of the sea in the Wairarapa Basin.

Remarks. In the past B. pliobliqua has been misidentified as B. pohana and possibly also as B. pliozea. B. pohana is more compressed and more obliquely rhomboid, and typically has keels only at the two acute angles of the rhomb. B. pliozea is quadrate, not rhomboid, in section.

Family UVIGERINIDAE Genus Hofkeruva Vella Subgenus Trigonouva Vella Hofkeruva (Trigonouva) pliozea n. sp. (PI. 2, figs. 23-25) Shell large, tapering, heavily costate, megalospheric with blunt apex bearing several small spines formed by produced ends of costae, microspheric with acutely pointed apex bearing a single large spine. Costae raised with rounded crests, some continuous over sutures, on final chamber extending to the base of the apertural neck.

Length: 0.80 mm; breadth: 0.39 mm (holotype). Type Locality. N153f916, miles north-east of Hawera Road, Eketahuna district (Opoitian), 15 paratypes. Stratigraphic Range. Inflata Zone (Opoitian) and possibly Molestus Zone (Waipipian). Ecologic Range. Not yet determined absolutely; persistent and abundant in the Robulus Biofacies, estimated depth range c 1,000 to 2,000 ft, not in deeper biofacies, but probably present in shallower biofacies.

Remarks. The large size, and the apical spine of the microspheric form, are the main distinguishing characters. This species is fairly certainly a derivative of the Miocene species Hofkeruva (Trigonouva) zeacuminata Vella. An undescribed species which is possibly intermediate has been recognised by Mr G. W. Gibson in the Taranaki Series (Upper Miocene). Trigonouva pliozea has been found by Mr J. P. Kennett in the Opoitian Stage in Westland, South Island, and appears to be a widespread and useful stratigraphic index fossil.

Subgenus Tereuva Vella Hofkeruva (Tereuva) lutorum n. sp. (PL 2, figs. 26, 27) Shell of moderate size, ovate, with blunt apex, microspheric and megalospheric not obviously different in shape. Longitudinal costae strong, raised, rounded, closely spaced on early part of shell and produced to form numerous small spines at the apex, becoming weaker and more distant towards the adult part of the shell and dying before reaching the base of the apertural neck, some in line on successive chambers, but increasing in size at the base of each chamber so as to give an undercut appearance. Chambers most inflated

at the base, giving a peculiar obese appearance, overhanging the sutures below. Apertural neck set in a slight depression on the top of the terminal chamber. Length: 0.625 mm; breadth; 0.30 mm (holotype). Type Locality. N153f910, Makakahi River, Eketahuna District (Kapitean) ; 150 paratypes.

Stratigraphic Range. Zeaserus Zone to Inflata Zone (Kapitean to Opoitian). Ecologic Range. Robulus Biofacies, inferred depth range c 1,000 to c 2,000 ft. Remarks. The illustrated paratype has unusually strong costae. Many specimens are less fully grown than the holotype, and consequently are more squat. The Strong inflation of chambers, weak sculpture, and slight depression at the base of the apertural neck are the distinctive characters, and suggest that this species is a rather primitive representative of the Tereuva group. It is not a derivative of the Waiauan and Tongaporutuan (middle and upper Miocene) species of Tereuva.

Subgenus Laminiuva Vella Hofkeruva (Laminiuva) rodleyi n. sp. Hofkeruva (Laminiuva) rodleyi rodleyi (PL 2, figs. 28, 29) Shell of moderate to large size, heavily costate, narrowly fusiform, microspheric with acutely pointed apex, megalospheric with narrowly rounded apex. Costae raised, bevelled with narrowly rounded crests, mostly continuous from end to end of the shell, reaching and even encroaching on to the apertural neck.

Length: 0.69 mm; breadth: 0.30 mm (holotype). Type Locality. N158f583, near Mauriceville (Waitotaran) ; 15 paratypes. Stratigraphic Range. Kingmai Zone? (Waitotaran), Mangaoparia Zone (late Waitotaran) to Rotunda Zone (Hautawan). May range up into Nukumaruan and Castlecliffian. Ecologig Range. Elphidium Biofacies to Haeuslerella Biofacies, inferred depth range c 20 to less than 900 ft. Remarks. This subspecies shows little resemblance to most of the species of the Laminiuva group but relationship is indicated by the subspecies described below. The distinguishing characters of the species are the long, narrow, fusiform shape and the strong, continuous ribs, and of the subspecies rodleyi are the rounded crests of the ribs.

Hofkeruva (Laminiuva) rodleyi tutamoides n. subsp. Crests of costae thin flanges often slightly serrated by breakage as in Laminiuva tutamoea Vella. Shell tending to be a little broader than that of rodleyi rodleyi. Length: 0.63 mm; breadth: 0.32 mm (holotype). Type Locality. N153f953, Ngaturi Creek, Eketahuna district (Waipipian), 28 paratypes; 22 additional paratypes from N153f990, Waipori Stream, Eketahuna district (Opoitian). Stratigraphic Range. Olssoni Zone to Kingmai Zone (Opoitian to Waitotaran).

Ecologig Range. As for rodleyi rodleyi. Remarks. The Flange-like ribs of this subspecies clearly indicate the relationship to tutamoea the type species of the subgenus. The subspecies is easily distinguished from tutamoea, however, by its narrow acuminate shape, and somewhat lower, stronger, more continuous costae. Laminiuva zelamina Vella is more closely related than tutamoea, but has a bluntly rounded apex and subcylindrical shape.

Hofkeruva (sensu lato) Hofkeruva delicatula Vella (PI. 2, fig. 16) 1961. Hofkeruva delicatula Vella, Micropaleontology 7 (4), p. 477, PI. 2, fig. 5. Somewhat larger than the types from Raukumara Peninsula, but otherwise similar, with the characteristic broad truncate apex covered with small spines, and with the distinctly undercut chambers each with crisp, neat costae produced to tiny prickles at the base. Length: 0.56 mm; breadth: 0.325 mm (figured hypotype). Locality. N 1581610, mudstone overlying Kapitean turbidite at Glelands Road, Mauriceville district (Basal Opoitian). Not yet known from any other localities in Wairarapa.

Stratigraphic Range. The lower part of the Inflata Zone, distinguished by several species lingering from the Miocene, and provisionally called basal Opoitian (see Kennett, in press). Ecology. Semipelagic Biofacies, inferred depth between c 2,000 and c 4,000 ft. Remarks. Might be confused with Tereuva lutorum, but has a wider, more truncate base, more distinctly undercut chambers, and subcylindrical rather than ovate or tapering overall shape.

Genus Noviuva nov. Type species: Uvigerina peregrina Cushman. Large uvigerinid shells with main sculpture of irregular or serrated longitudinal costae which tend to become dissected into spines on the adult part of the shell. Interspaces and sometimes the costae themselves granulose or covered with fine papillae or spines. Toothplates as in Euuvigerina and Hofkeruva. The hispido-costate peregrina group of shells which comprise Noviuva was provisionally classed as Hofkeruva in the broad sense and was thought to have probably evolved from one of the Hofkeruva lineages during the Miocene (Vella, 1961, p. 473, and text-fig. 3). It may, however, have a much longer history and include Eocene species like “ Uvigerina ” bortotara Finlay. Noviuva should be restricted to species with spines developing or developed from costae, and arranged in longitudinal more or less linear series, and should not include species with costae developing from spines or with spines scattered at random. Species which appear to meet these conditions are Uvigerina ciperana Cushman and Stainforth (Gipero Marl, Trinidad), Uvigerina hispido-costata Cushman and Todd (Miocene, Jamaica), Uvigerina interrupto-costata Leroy (L. Miocene, Sumatra), Uvigerina joaquinensis Kleinpell (Up. Miocene, California). Uvigerina shiwoensis Asano (Recent and Pliocene, Japan) is regarded as a doubtful species of Noviuva. Uvigerina dirupta Todd (Recent, California) has spines scattered at random, and appears to be close to Euuvigerina aculeata (d’Orb.).

Noviuva zelandica n. sp. (PI. 2, fig. 22) Shell large, elongate, subcylindrical, with only slightly depressed, but distinct sutures, heavily sculptured with irregular, serrated, somewhat sinuous costae, produced to irregular spines on top of the final chamber, extending on to the apertural neck. Apex broadly rounded.

Length: 0.79 mm; breadth: 0.35 mm (holotype). Type Locality. N153f916, miles north-east of Hawera Road, Eketahuna district (Opoitian) ; 7 paratypes. Stratigraphic Range. Inflata Zone (Opoitian). Egologig Range. Semipelagic Biofacies, inferred depth range 4,000 dr 2,000 ft.

Remarks. Close to peregrina, but consistently has a broader apex, and no spines on the apex.

Genus Neouvigerina Hofker Neouvigerina vadescens (Cushman) (PI. 2. fig. 17) 1933. Uvigerina proboscidea Schwager var. vadescens Cushman, Gontr. Cush. Lab. 9 (4), p. 85, PI. 8, figs. 14-15. The New Zealand shells included in vadescens are of moderate size, elongate, ovate, with slightly inflated chambers, distinct but little impressed sutures, broad tapering apertural neck with solid reflexed lip, and ornament of small distant raised spines and dense minute papillae.

Length; 0.55 mm; breadth: 0.225 mm (hypotype). Locality of Hypotype. N158f609, Mauriceville district (Opoitian). Stratigraphic Range. Inflata Zone, Opoitian. Egologic Range. Robulus Biofacies? (2,000 ± 1,000 ft). Remarks. About half the specimens bear an apical spine as on the paratype figured by Cushman. Shape and size agree well with the types, but the type description and figure are not good enough for comparison of the ornament.

Neouvigerina bellula n. sp. (PI. 2, figs. 18-19) Shell tiny, elongate, ovate, with rounded apex, adult and near adult chambers higher than wide, with distinct depressed sutures. Wall thin and delicate, covered with fine hair-like spines. Length: 0.31 mm; breadth, 0.15 mm (holotype). Type Locality. N153f1016, Bowen Road, Eketahuna district (Opoitian). Stratigraphic Range. Inflata Zone, Opoitian. Ecologig Range. Robulus Biofacies to Semipelagic Biofacies, inferred depth range 2,000 ± I,oooft to 4,000 ± 2,000 ft.

Remarks. Size, shape, and ornament are fairly consistent and readily distinguish N. bellula from other late Tertiary species. N. plebeja Vella is possibly the midTertiary ancestor of bellula, comparable in size, but with more conic apex and smoother surface. There appears to be no similar species described from beyond New Zealand. According to d’Orbigny’s description and figure Uvigerina canariensis attains a length of 2/3mm and is an acuminate shell with subglobular chambers. Uvigerina auberiana is comparable in size (l/3mm) to N. bellula, but has subglobular chambers, and ornament of costae in addition to papillae or spines.

Neouvigerina eketahuna n. sp. (PI. 2, figs. 20, 21) Shell large for the genus, short, solid, with swollen subglobular chambers and deeply impressed sutures giving a lobulate outline; subovate or somewhat tapering; apex broadly rounded. Wall thick, covered with dense low rounded papillae. Length: 0.54 mm; breadth, 0.275 mm (holotype). Type Locality. N 1531896, one mile west of Rongomai Valley Road, Eketahuna district (Kapitean).

Stratigraphic Range. Below Compressa Zone to Kapitea Zone, Tongaporutuan to Kapitean. Ecologig Range. Haeuslerella Biofacies to Robulus Biofacies, inferred depth range c 500 to 2,000 ± I,oooft. Remarks. Easily distinguished from all other New Zealand species by the large size, swollen chambers, and regular papillate ornament. The most similar species is N. mantaensis (Cushman and Edwards) from the Tertiary (Oligocene?) of Ecuador, which is broader, more compact, with less inflated chambers.

Family CHILOSTOMELLIDAE Genus Pullenia Parker and Jones

Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss) 1851. Nonionina quinqueloba Reuss, Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 3, p. 71, PI. 5, fig. 31. 1867. Pullenia compressiuscula Reuss, var. quinqueloba Reuss, Site. Akad. Wiss. Wien 55, p. 87. 1884. Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss), Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zool. 9, p. 617, PI. 84, figs. 14-15. 1961. Homibrook, N.Z. Geol. Surv. Pal. Bull. 34 (1), p. 90, PI. 11, figs. 207-208.

New Zealand late Tertiary specimens closely match the Italian Pliocene specimen figured by Cushman and Todd (1943, PL 3, figs. Ba-b). Ecologic Range. Haeuslerella Biofacies to Karreriella Biofacies (possibly Robulus Biofacies), inferred depth range c 400 to c I,oooft. The common species of moderately shallow- to moderately deep-water sediments. Shells occur sporadically from 60 to 750 ft in Cook Strait (Vella, 1957).

Pullenia quadriloba Reuss (PI. 1, figs. 9, 10) 1867. Pullenia compressiuscula Reuss, var. quadriloba Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien 55, p. 87, PI. 3, fig. 8. 1943. Pullenia quadriloba Reuss, Cushman and Todd, Gontr. Cush. Lab. 19 (1), p. 15, PI. 2, figs. 20, 21.

The Wairarapa specimen illustrated is not fully grown, and no other well preserved specimens have been obtained. It is less compressed than the European specimens illustrated by Reuss and by Cushman and Todd, having the final chamber expanding suddenly from the umbilicus, but it is uncertain whether this difference is significant.

Stratigraphic Range. The type is from the Miocene of Galicia. Cushman and Todd recorded the species from the Miocene of the Vienna Basin, and living in the Western Atlantic, Bermudez illustrated a form like it as P. quinqueloba, from the Miocene of the Dominican Republic. In Wairarapa it occurs from the Gompressa Zone (Upper Tongaporutuan), and possibly lower, to the Inflata Zone (Opoitian).

Egologic Range. Robulus Biofacies? to Semipelagic Biofacies, inferred depth range deeper than I,oooft to c 4,000 ft.

Pullenia bulloides (d’Orbigny) (PI. 1, figs. 7,8) 1946. Pullenia bulloides (d’Orb.) Finlay, Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. 76 (2), p. 243. 1948. Pullenia sphaeroides (d’Orb.) Dorreen, J. Pal. 22 (3), p. 298. 1957. Pullenia bulloides (d’Orb.) Vella, N.Z. Geol. Surv. Pal. Bull. 38, p. 10. 1961. Homibrook, N.Z. Geol. Surv. Pal. Bull. 34 (1), p. 90, PI. 11, figs. 205, 206.

Shells referred to Pullenia bulloides are considered to be good indicators of abyssal depths (below 5,000 ft) off California (see Natland, 1957, Phleger, 1960). The Cook Strait form (Vella, 1957) occurs sparsely at a depth of 72ft and in greater number at a depth of 294 ft. The form illustrated here is restricted to

bathyal sediments in the late Tertiary of Wairarapa. These major differences in depth range at different times and places are difficult to explain without assuming differences in the genetic make-up of the forms at different times and places. Differences in genetic make-up would imply the existence of different subspecies, or species which might be closely related or might not be closely related but homeomorphic. Single large samples of “ Pullenia bulloides ” from Wairarapa show less variation than is generally allowed for the species. The shells illustrated here, and the one illustrated by Hornibrook are similar to the topotype of bulloides illustrated by Cushman and Todd (1943, PI. 2, figs. 18a-b). Wairarapa shells in some other samples closely resemble the Recent specimen (from 10,000 ft) illustrated by Cushman and Todd (1943, PI. 2, figs. 16a-b), having only 4 chambers showing, and this may be a distinct species.

Maximum diameter; 0.34 mm; thickness: 0.30 mm (hypotype, PI. 1, fig. 8). Ecologig Range. Robulus Biofacies to Semipelagic Biofacies, possibly Eupelagic Biofacies, inferred depth range deeper than 1,000 to deeper than 4,000 ft.

References Bermudez, P. J., 1949. Tertiary Smaller Foraminifera of the Dominican Republic. Spec. Publ. Cushman Lab. 25. 322 pp. Collins, A. C., 1953. Pleistocene Foraminifera from Port Fairy, Western Victoria. Nat. Mus. Victoria Mem. 18, pp. 93-105, PI. 1. Cushman, J. A., 1948. Foraminifera. 4th Edition. 605 pp., 55 pis., Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press. Cushman, J. A., and Jarvis, P. W., 1930. Miocene Foraminifera from Buff Bay, Jamaica. /. Pal. 4, pp. 353-368, pis. 32-34. Cushman, J. A., and Todd, R., 1943. The genus Pullenia and its species. Contr. Cushman Lab. For am. Res. 19, pp. 1-23, pis. 1-4. Finlay, H. J., 1939. New Zealand Foraminifera: Key Species in Stratigraphy No. 3. Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69 (3), pp. 309-329, pis. 24-29.

— 1940. New Zealand Foraminifera: Key Species in Stratigraphy—No. 4. Trans. roy. Soc. N.Z. 69 (4), pp. 448-472, pis. 62-67. Fleming, C. A., 1959. Opoitian Stage. Lex. Strut. Internal. 6 (4), pp. 280-282. Hornxbrook, N. de 8., 1961. Tertiary Foraminifera from Oamaru District (N.Z.) —Part 1. N.Z. geol. Surv. pal. Bull. 34 (I), 192 pp., 28 pis. Kennett, J. P. (in press). The Kapitean Sequence at Cape Foulwind, Westland (N.Z.). N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. Natland, M. L., 1957. Paleoecology of West Coast Tertiary Sediments. Geol. Soc. America Mem. 67 (2). pp. 543-572. Orbell, G. E., 1962. Stratigraphy and Structure of Mauriceville Area, Wairarapa. Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. Geol. 1 (17), pp. 253-267. Phleger, F. 8., 1960. Ecology and Distribution of Recent Foraminifera. 297 pps. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins. Sigal, J., 1952. Ordre des Foraminifera. Traite de Paleontologie I (J. Priveteau ed.), pp. 133-301. Paris: Masson et Cie. Vella, P., 1957. Studies in New Zealand Foraminifera, Part I: Foraminifera from Cook Strait. N.Z. geol. Surv. pal. Bull. 28, pp. 5-41, pis. 3-9.

Peninsula, New Zealand. Micro pale ontology 7 (4), pp. 467-483, pis. 1-2.

of the Lithosphere. Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. Geology. 1 (6), pp. 101-109.

Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. Geology 1 (12), pp. 183-199.

19-40. 1

Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. Geology 1 (20), pp. 285-296.

Paul Vella, M.Sc., Geology Department, Victoria University of Wellington. P.O. Box 196, Wellington.

* Due to a taxonomic name change the former Pseudononion Biofacies (Vella, 1962 b) is now known as the Zeaflorilus Biofacies (Vella, 1962 d). The Karreriella Biofacies was first defined by Kennett (in press) in the Kapitean Stage at Gape Foulwind, Westland,

SHALLOW-WATER DEEP-WATER NEW ZEALAND EUROPEAN ZONES ZONES STAGES STAGES Zelandica Zone | :• Nukumaruan ? Rotunda Zone — Hautawan Sicilian Kingmai Zone — Waitotaran Calabrian - - Molestus Zone Molestus ZoneWaipipian WaipipianAstian Astian Olssoni Zone Inflata Zone Opoitian Plaisancian Kapitea Zone Zeaserus Zone Kapitean Pontian Compressa Zone Upper ongaporutuan Upper Sarmatian

Table I.—Stratigraphic Zones.