Supplement to Census Catalogue of New Zealand Lichens

Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand : Botany, Volume 3, Issue 13, 15 July 1968, Page 203

Supplement to Census Catalogue of New Zealand Lichens

William Martin

[Received by the Editor, May 25, 1967.]

Synopsis

This paper supplements the list of indigenous lichens enumerated in the Census Catalogue of the Lichen Flora of New Zealand, deletes as synonyms a number of the species listed, and draws attention to several listed twice under different genera.

The supplementary list of indigenous lichens tabulated below represents (a) Species previously overlooked, (b) Species only recently detected in or recorded from New Zealand, (c) Species in herbaria of which no published record has been traced, and (d) Species replacing others in the catalogue now deleted as synonyms, but not previously enumerated. The Catalogue was compiled from published records and from species housed in local herbaria, and not on a critical examination of the plants themselves; and it is anticipated that a number of " species" listed will prove to be epharmonic morphological variants of earlier known species, for many were named on wholly inadequate material by botanists unfamiliar with their natural habitats and ecological environment. Furthermore the published descriptions were usually brief, and insufficient for purposes of identification. The relegation of such to synonymy will, of course, reduce the number of valid taxa, but many new and unnamed species are known, and others may be anticipated from the extensive areas of lichenologically unexplored territory that exist.

For the detection of many synonyms in the Catalogue the author is much indebted to " A second check-list of the lichens of continental United States and Canada" by Hale and Culberson, and regrets having previously overlooked this very important paper. However, lichen taxonomy is in a state of flux, and authors are not agreed on either the genus or even the family to which many lichens belong. Thus, in the list of synonyms included in the Catalogue there are a number (e.g., Lobaria scrobiculata, Melaspilea metabola, Physma rigens, Pyrenula glabra, Stereocaulon colensoi, etc.) listed as valid which are deemed synonyms by some authors, the associated synonym being deemed the valid name by others. Again, there are many subgenera (e.g., Aspicilia,. Hypogymnia, Menegazzia, Neuropogon, Placopsis, Psora, Pseudocyphellaria) which are today accorded full generic status by many authors.

In his keys to lichen genera represented in New Zealand, the late Dr James Murray recognised as indigenous no fewer than 27 genera omitted from my Catalogue, in many cases because no recorded species was known. Seven of these are obligate foliicolous genera, namely, Aulaxina, Byssoloma, Mazosia, Raciborskiella, Sporopodium, Tapellaria, and Trichothelium, the known indigenous species being

recorded by Santesson. Other genera deemed indigenous by Murray but omitted from the Catalogue include Acrocordia, Endocarpon, Ephebe, Heterodea, lonaspis, Lasallia, Micarea, Miltidia, Molleropsis, Pannoparmelia, Phlyctidia, Phlyctis, Placidiopsis, Polyblastiopsis, Pseudopyrenula, Psora, Psoromidium, Pyrenopsis, Thelidia, and Thyrea. Genera catalogued by me but rejected by Murray as synonyms or for other reasons are Anzia, Cladoniopsis, Melampydium, Microphiale, Phloeopannaria, Pyrenocollema, and Phyllopsora.

Fifty species listed by Miiller in his Conspectus (1894) as synonyms are deemed valid species today, and 120 listed by him as valid are now regarded as synonyms.

In all, 240 species catalogued as valid indigens are no longer known by the names used by him. Some of Stirton's " species novae " have been omitted pending their corroboration. Du Rietz (Austr. Assn. Advance. Sci. (1928), Vol. 19: p. 635) draws attention to the doubtful accuracy of many early determinations and says that " Alectoria ochroleuca of the literature is certainly an Usnea species while Cetraria glauca is certainly Pseudocyphellaria granulata ".

Such facts serve to emphasise the urgent need for a critical evaluation of a large part of the New Zealand lichen flora, which it is one purpose of the Catalogue to emphasise and facilitate. This will involve re-examination of numerous type specimens preferably by botanists familiar with the lichen flora in its natural environment; and, in the light of modern concepts and techniques, the assessment of their validity and status. Another major need is for the preparation of suitable keys to the lichen flora at the species level.

Supplementary List of Lichens Indigenous to New Zealand

Alectoria juhata (L.) Ach, pubescens (L.) Howe crinalis (Ach.) Gyeln. Anaptychia heterochroa Vain. Arthonia cinnabarina varcoccinea Dietr. knightii Zahlbr. Arthopyrenia halodytes (Nyl.) Arn. sublitoralis (Leight.) Arn. Arthothelium cinerascens (Kremp.) Zahlbr. impolitum (Ehrh.) Borr. Aspidelia beckettii Stirt. Bacidia atrogrisea (Del.) Korber. — spirospora Knight Buellia citrina H. Magn. exsoluta (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. Byssoloma rotuliforme (Mull. Arg.) R. Santes. Calicidium cuneatum Stirt. Caloplaca bracteata (Hoffm.) Jatta decipiens (Arn.) Jatta —- etesiae (Nyl.) D.R. sublobulata (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Catillaria grossa (Pers.) Korber, Celidium stictarum Tul. (?) Chiodecton subgelatinosum Mull. Arg. Coccocarpia gay ana (Mont.) Nyl. — porinopsis (Nyl.) R. Santes. Collema fasciculare (L.) G. H. Webb. nigrescens (Huds.) D.C. tunaeforme (Ach.) Ach. Cornicularia aculeata (Schreb.) Ach. Crocynia membranacea (Dicks.) Zahlbr. Dermatocarpon fluviatile (Web.) Th. Fr. Dimerella diluta (Pers.) Trev. pallidula (Mull. Arg.) planella (Nyl.) Diploschistes bryophilus (Ehrh.) Zahlbr.

Endocarpon pusillum Hedw. Evernia divaricata (L.) Ach. Graphina acharii (Fee.) Mull. Arg. Heppia guepini (Del.) Nyl. apud Hue. Hypogymnia alpicola (Th. Fr.) Har. encausta (Sm.) Wats. Lasallia pustulata (L.) Merat. Lecania erysibe (Ach.) Mudd. Lecanactis abietina (Ehrh.) Kdrber Lecanora coarctata (Turn.) Ach. conisea Ach. f. atrynea (Ach.) Stein. obscurata Nyl. pallescens Mass subdepressa (Arn.) Nyl. Lecidea cyanopis Stirt. hypoleia H. Magn. leucophaea (Florke) Nyl. melastroma Nyl. polycarpa Florke rivulosa Ach. symmicta (Ach.) Ach. tabacina (Ram.) Schaer. Leptogium burgessii (L.) Mont, apud Webb. lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr. Lobaria retigera (Bory) Trevis. scrobiculata (Scop.) D.G. Lopadium leucoxanthum (Spreng.) Zahlbr. puiggarii (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr. Megalospora vigilans (Tayl.) Zahlbr. Menegazzia albida (Zahlbr.) R. Santes. fiordense R. Santes. globulifera R. Santes. intestiniformis (Vill.) Ras. Myriangium duriaei Mont, et Berk. Nephroma javanicum Gyeln. zelandicum Gyeln.

Odontotrema concentricum Stirt. Omphalodiscus virginis (Schaer.) Schol. Pannaria immixta Knight Pannoparmelia angustata (Pers.) Sato Parmelia isidiatyla Nyl. Parmeliella plumbea (Lightf.) Mull. Arg. Pertusaria adscripta Stirt. cretacea Mull. Arg. dactylina (Ach.) Nyl. — globulifera (Tuck.) Mass pertusa (L.) Tuck. thelioplaca Nyl. Phlyctella peregena Nyl. Phyllopsora breviuscula Mull. Arg. Physcia ciliata (Hoffm.) D.R. elaeina (Sm.) A. L. Smith tenella (Scop.) D.G. Physma byrsinum (Ach.) Mull. Arg. rigens Mull. Arg. Placopsis brevilobata (Zahlbr.) Lamb. cribellans (Nyl.) Ras. illita (Knight) Lamb. lateritioides Lamb. salazina Lamb. subcribellans Lamb. subgelida (Nyl.) Nyl. subparellina Nyl. Pseudocyphellaria lechleri Mull. Arg. coronatoides (Mull. Arg.) Malme (?) Psora colensoi Bab. glaucolepida Nyl. hypotheja Lamb.

Psoroma athrophyllum Stirt. discretum Nyl. hirsutulum Nyl. apud Cromb. — pallidum Nyl. pulchrum Malme reticulatum (Hue) Zahlbr. versicolor (Hk. and Tayl.) Mull. Arg. Racihorskiella prasina (Mull. Arg.) R. Santes. Ramalina banzarensis Dodge cuspidate (Huds.) Nyl. —- nervulosa (Mull. Arg.) Des. Abb. Rhizocarpon neo-zelandicum (Ras.) Ras. Sarcogyne simplex (Dav.) Nyl. Schismatomma tumidulum Zahlbr. Secoliga carneola Bausch. Siphula dactyliza Nyl. fragilis Santes. moorii Zahlbr. Stereocaulon argus Hook. f. and Tayl. colensoi Bab. vesuvianum Pers. var. denudatum (Florke) Lamb. Solenospora lecanorina (Arn.) Zahlbr. Tapellaria phyllophilum (Stirt.) R. Santes. Thelidia splachnirima (Hk. f. and Tayl.) P. James Thysanothecium buchanani Knight — hyalinum (Tayl.) Nyl. Trichothelium alboatrum Vain. Usnea alpestris Bab. constrictula Stirt. trichodeoides Vain.

(Note: The following additional species were listed after the type had been set.)

Acarospora fuscata (Nyl.) Arn. Alectoria lanata Nyl. Arthothelium gregarium (Willey) Zahlbr. Arthopyrenia alba (Schrad.) Zahlbr. Catillaria ceroplasta (Bab.) Hellb. cencinnior (Stirt.) Hellb. rimosa (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr. subbacillifera (Nyl.) Hellb. Coccocarpia gay ana (Mont.) Nyl. Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) Mann. Dictyographa cinerea (Kn. and Mitt.) Mixll. Arg.

Graphis nigririmis (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. Laurera connivens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. cumingii (Mont.) Zahlbr. Nephroma homalodes Nyl. Physcia tenella (Scop.) D.C. Pseudoeyphellaria gilva (Ach.) Malme hirsuta (Mont.) Vain. thouarsii (Del.) Psoroma campbelliana Zahlbr. Stereocaulon pulvinare Dodge Usnea malacea Zahlbr. rupestris Mot.

Species in Catalogue Deleted as Synonyms (a) As recorded by Hale and Culberson. (An asterisk denotes a taxon not already listed in the catalogue.)

Arthopyrenia litoralis (Tayl.) Arn. Biatorella simplex (Dav.) Brunth et Rostr. Catinaria leucoplaca (Lam.) Zahlbr. Collema furvum (Ach.) D.C. pulposum (Bernh.) Ach. rupestris A. L. Smith Dermatocarpon aquaticum (Weis.) Zahlbr. Lecanora atrynea (Ach.) Kbrber symmicta Ach. Lepraria flava (Schreb.) Ach. Lobaria verrucosa (Huds.) Hoffm.

= * Arthopyrenia suhlitoralis (Leight.) Arn. = * Sarcogyne simplex (Davies) Nyl. = * Catillaria grossa (Pers.) Korber = * Collema tunaeforme Ach. = tenax (Sw.) Ach. = * flaccidum (Ach.) Ach. = * Dermatocarpon fluviatile (Web.) Th. Fr. = * Lecanora conisea Ach. f. atrynea (Ach.) Stein. = * Lecidea symmicta (Ach.) Ach. = Lepraria candelaris (L.) Fr. = * Loharia scrobiculata (Scop.) D.G.

Menegazzia pertusa (Schrank.) Schaer. = Parmelia olivaria (Ach.) Th. Fr. = trichotera Hue = Pertusaria ceuthocarpa (Sm.) Turn, et Bon. = Physcia adglutinata (Florke) Nyl. = crispa Nyl. = ——- ohscura (Ehrh.) Hampe = Pyrenula laevigata (Pers.) Arn. = Schismatomma abietinum (Ehrh.) Mass. = Stereocaulon denudatum (Hepp.) Florke =

Menegazzia terebrata Hoffm. Parmelia reticulata Tayl. perlata (Huds.) Ach. Pertusaria ceuthocarpoides Zahlbr. * Physcia elaeina (Sm.) A. L. Smith albicans (Pers.) Thoms. * ciliata (Hoffm.) D.R. * Pyrenula glabrata (Ach.) Mass. * Lecanactis abietinum (Ehrh.) Korber. * Stereocaulon vesuvianum var. denudatum (Florke) Lamb

(b) Additional Synonyms in Catalogue. Acarospora otagoensis Magn. = Anaptychia hypoleuca var. colorata. Zahlbr. Anzia angustata (Pers.) Mull. Arg. = Collema aggregate (Ach.) Rohl. = Lecanora symmicta (Ach.) Ach. = trachyderma Kremp. = Lecidea leptophaea (Florke) Nyl. = meiospora Nyl. = — myriocarpa (D.G.) Rohl. = subcarnea Ach. = Leptogium rigens Nyl. = Lopadium phyllophilum (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. = Pannaria atrofumosa Knight = prolifera Mull. Arg. = rubiginosa var. lanuginosa Zahlbr. = Parmelia pubescens (L.) Vain = Parmeliella gay ana (Mont.) Mull. Arg. = pannaria athrophyllum (Stirt.) Zahlbr. = Phylloporina asplenii Zahlbr. = Pilophoron colensoi (Bab.) Knight = Placopsis alphaplacoides Lamb = — var. clavifera Lamb = Psoroma buchanani (Knight) Nyl. = Ramalina yemensis (Ach.) Nyl. = Rhizocarpon petraeum (L.) Mass. = Stereocaulon proximum Nyl. = Thysanophoron stereocauloides (Nyl.) Sato = Trypethelium bicolor Knight =

* Acarospora fuscata (Nyl.) Arn. * Anaptychia heterochroa Vain. * Pannoparmelia angustata (Pers.) Sato * Collema fasciculare (L.) G. H. Webb. * Lecidea symmicta (Ach.) Ach. Placopsis tr achy derma (Kremp.) Jame? * Lecidea leucophaea (Flbrke) Nyl. * suhglobulata Knight Buellia ferax Mull. Arg. Catillaria subcarnea (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr. * Physma rigens Mull. Arg. * Tapellaria phyllophilum (Stirt.) R. Santes. * Pannaria immixta Knight * rubiginosa var. prolifera Nyl. pityrea (D.C.) Degel. * Alectoria pubescens (L.) Howe * Coccocarpia gayana (Mont.) Nyl. * Psoroma athrophyllum Stirt. * Trichothelium alboatrum Vain. * Stereocaulon colensoi Bab. Placopsis tr achy derma (Kremp.) James — var. clavifera (Lamb) James * Psoroma athrophyllum Stirt. Ramalina ecklonii (Spreng.) Mey. et Plot. Rhizocarpon grande (Flbrke) Arn. * Stereocaulon vesuvianum var. denudatum (Flbrke) Lamb Sphaerophorus stereocauloides Nyl. Trypethelium phlyctaena Fee

Species Duplicated in Catalogue Under Different Generic Names

Delete Arthothelium conspicuum (Nyl.) Nyl. = dispersum (D.G.) Mudd. = indistinctum Knight et Mitt. = Bacidia ferax Mull. Arg. = rhyparabola (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Lecanora trachyderma Kremp. = Lecidea arceutina (Ach.) S. Gray = colensoi Bab. = consanguinea Hue = subcarnea Ach. = venustula Stirt. = Opegrapha constricta Kremp. = Sticta muelleriana Zahlbr. = Thysanophoron stereocauloides (Nyl.) = Sato

Retain Arthonia conspicua Nyl. dispersa (Schrad.) Nyl indistincta Knight et Mitt. Buellia ferax Mull. Arg. Catillaria rhyparabola (Nyl.) Zahl. Placopsis trachyderma (Kremp.) Janies Bacidia arceutina (Ach.) Rehm. Blastema colensoi Mull. Arg. consanguinea Mull. Arg. Catillaria subcarnea (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr. Lopadium venustulum (Stirt.) Zahlbr. Schismatomma constrictum (Kremp.) Zahlbr. Pseudocyphellaria muelleriana (Zahlbr.) Sphaerophorus stereocauloides Nyl.

Further Recorded Species Now Deemed Synonyms

Alectoria minuscula Nyl. = Collema plicatile Ach. = Endopyrenium hepaticum Korber = Lecanora albella (Pers.) = flavidofulva Mull. Arg. = glaucoma Ach. = Lecidea sabuletorum (Schreb.) Fr. = simplex Tayl. = Leptogium dendroides Nyl. = diaphanum Mont. = lacerum S. Gray = Melanotheca ornata Mull. Arg. = Nephromium laevigatum Nyl. = Opegrapha varia Pers. = Parmelia encausta (Sm.) Ach. = Pannaria brunnea Mass. = Parmeliella muscorum (Fr.) Miill. Arg. = — nigra Miill. Arg. = triptophylla (Ach.) Mull. Arg. = Patellaria albidolutea Miill. Arg. = baliola Miill. Arg. = brachyspora Miill. Arg. = caesiopallens Miill. Arg. = corroborans Miill. Arg. = cyrtella Miill. Arg. = domingensis Pers. = gompholoma Miill. Arg. = hemitropa Miill. Arg. = interponens Miill. Arg. = lenticularis Miill. Arg. = leucoplacoides Miill. Arg. = maculosa Miill. Arg. = • melaclina Miill. Arg. = ■■ - melaleuca Miill. Arg. = — pulverea Miill. Arg. = pyrophthalma Miill. Arg. = rosellopallida Miill. Arg. = spirospora Miill. Arg. = spodophana Miill. Arg. = stillata Miill. Arg. = suhcarnea Miill. Arg. = sublivens Miill. Arg. = suhvigilans Miill. Arg. = sulphurata Miill. Arg. = synothea Duby. = tuberculosa Spreng = versicolor Mull. Arg. = Phlyctis antaxia Nyl. = Physma pannarinum Miill. Arg. = Placodium albescens D.G. = bracteatum Nyl. = thaumastrum Miill. Arg. = Platygrapha atrata Stirt. = myriommata Knight = occulta Knight et Mitt. = Psoroma buchanani Nyl. = descendens Nyl. = lanuginosum Miill. Arg. = Ramalina yemensis Nyl. = Trypethelium bicolor Tayl. = Thyrea pulvinata Mass =

Parmelia minuscula (Nyl.) Nyl. Leptogium plicatile (Ach.) Leight Dermatocarpon hepaticum (Ach.) Th. Fr. Lecanora pallida (Schreb.) Rabh. pallidocerina (Eschw.) Nyl. rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. Bacidia sabuletorum (Flbrke) Lettau Sarcogyne simplex (Dav.) Nyl. Dendriscocaulon bolacinum var. dendroides Vain. Leptogium moluccanum (Pers.) Vain. lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr. Melanotheca connivens (Stirt.) Zahlbr. Nephroma helveticum Ach. Opegrapha pulicaris (Hoffm.) Nyl. * Hypogymnia encausta (Sm.) Wats. Pannaria pezizoides (Web.) Trevis Massalongia carnosa (Dicks.) Kbrber Placynthium nigrum (Huds.) S. Gray Parmeliella corallinoid.es Zahlbr. Bacidia chrysocarpa Knight Catillaria nigroclavata (Nyl.) Schaler. Bacidia nanospora Knight Catillaria caesiopallens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. corroborans (Stirt.) Zahlbr. Lecania erysibe (Ach.) Mudd. Bombyliospora domingensis (Pers.) Zahlbr. Megalospora marginiflexa (Hk. f. et Tayl.) Zahlbr. Catillaria hemitropa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Bacidia macrospora (Knight) Zahlbr. Catillaria lenticularis (Ach.) Th. Fr. Catillaria leucoplacoides (Kremp.) Zahlbr. maculosa (Stirt.) Zahlbr. melaclina (Nyl.) Zahlbr. melaleuca (Tuck.) Zahlbr. pulverea (Borr.) Lettau pyrophthalma (Mont.) Zahlbr. Bacidia albidoprasina Knight * spirospora Knight Catillaria spodophana (Nyl.) Zahlbr. kelica (Stirt.) Zahlbr. subcarnea (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr. sublivens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Megalospora subvigilans (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr. sulphurata Mey. et Flot. Catillaria synothea (Kremp.) Beltram Bombyliospora tuberculosa (Fee) Mass. * Megalospora vigilans (Tayl.) Zahlbr. Phlyctella antaxia Nyl. Lempholemma pannarinum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Lecanora albescens (Hoffm.) Flbrke * Caloplaca bracteata (Hoffm.) Jatta. Placopsis perrugosa Nyl. Schismatomma atratum (Stirt.) Zahlbr. myriommata (Knight) Zahlbr. occultum (Knight) Zahlbr. * Psoroma athrophyllum Stirt. Psoromaria descendens Nyl. Pannaria rubiginosa var. lanuginosa Zahlbr. Ramalina ecklonii (Spreng.) Mey. et Flot. Trypethelium phlyctaena Fee * Pyrenopsis pulvinata (Schaer.) Th. Fr.

Errata in Catalogue

For Hypnogymnia „ Leptotrema monosporoides var. saxatile „ Megalospora dispersa „ Phlyctella abstrusa „ ■ — neozelandiae „ Psoroma xanthomelum „ Rinodina xanthomelum „ Schistatomma „ Sphinctrina leucopoides „ Sip hula rosellaeformis ~ Usnea articulata var. tenuior „ implicata

Read Hypogymnia „ Leptotrema monosporum var. saxatile „ Megalospora dispora „ Phlyctella ahstersa „ neozelandica „ Psoroma xanthomelaenum „ Rinodina xanthomelaenum „ Schismatomma „ Sphinctrina leucopodoides „ Siphula roccellaeformis „ Usnea articulata var. tenerior „ implicita

Acknowledgments

I have to thank Messrs D. J. Galloway, of Dunedin, and G. Bratt, of Tasmania, for information supplied, and Professor G. T. Baylis for access to the library and herbarium of the Botany Department of the University of Otago.

Literature

Hale, Mason, E., Jr.; Culberson, W. L., 1960. A second check-list of the lichens of continental United States and Canada. Bryologist, 63(3); 137-173.

Martin, W., 1966. Census catalogue of the lichen flora of New Zealand. Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., Botany, 3(8): 139-159.

Motyka, Josef, 1964. The North American species of Alectoria. Bryologist, 67(1): 44.

Murray., James, 1962-3. New Zealand lichens. Reprint from Tuatara, 10: 120-128; 11: 41-45, 46—55, 98—109. (Published by Biological Society, Victoria University of Wellington, N.Z.)

Santesson,, Rolf, 1952. Foliicolous lichens. Uppsala.

William Martin, 27 Merchiston Street, Dunedin, E.l.