The Lichen Flora of the Dunedin Botanical Subdistrict

Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand : Biological Sciences, Volume 11, Issue 19, 9 May 1970, Page 243

The Lichen Flora of the Dunedin Botanical Subdistrict

William Martin

By

[.Received by the Editor, 2 September 1968.]

Though hitherto the environs of Dunedin have always supported a copious lichen flora, this has continuously been subject to attrition as a result of fires, cultivation and settlement. The following is a census of lichens known to be present or to have been present in the Dunedin Subdistrict of the South Otago Botanical District.

The first to study the lichens of this area was John Buchanan, who was one of the first settlers to take up residence in Otago, and his collections are to be seen in the herbarium of the Otago University. In 1861-62 Dr W. Lauder Lindsay, a Scottish crytogamist, during three months’ residence, compiled a list of 126 lichens almost wholly from the area under review. This list was published in 1868.

No further systematic collecting was done for nearly 60 years, when Dr and Mrs Einer Du Rietz from Stockholm spent a short time studying and collecting the local lichens. However, the most intensive study of the area yet undertaken was that conducted by J. Scott Thomson between the years 1930 and 1940. His field books list over 1,600 separate gatherings from the environs of Dunedin. Numerous specimens were forwarded to Zahlbruckner, Motyka, Santesson, and other overseas specialists for determination, and these formed the main basis for Zahlbruckner’s “ Lichenes Novae Zelandiae ” (1942). No fewer than 50 of Thomson’s local gatherings proved to be “ species novae ”.

Notwithstanding Thomson’s concentrated study, a surprisingly large number of previously unreported lichen species were discovered in the area during the following quarter century, mainly by Dr James Murray, Mr Peter James of the Botany Department of the British Museum, Dr G. Llano of U.S.A., the writer, and others; and, when the difficulty of cataloguing all the lichens of even a small area is recalled, it seems probable that still further species remain to be discovered, more especially in the crustaceous group. The number at present known well exceeds 400 species with over 100 taxa of infra-specific rank, or close on one-third of the known New Zealand lichen flora.

With each species catalogued below, the habitat and one or more known localities are appended. In a small number of cases only the genus is known, this being the position especially in the Graphidaceae where numerous gatherings await determination. Specimens of all species may be seen either in local or overseas herbaria.

Catalogue of Lichens

Galigiaceae Calicium abietum ...... ; ...... ':.z: Flagstaff; Merton. var. australe ...... ...... Taieri Beach; Akatore Gorge. floerkei ......, Mt Cargill. Coniocybe otagense Maungatua. Cyphelium emergens ...... poly carpum Silver Peaks; Swampy Hill. Pyrgillus crassus ■ | 'ii... : Silver Peaks (dead wood).

Sphaerophoraceae

Sphaerophorus melanocarpus trees. tener . Mt Cargill, Mihiwaka, Saddle Hill, etc., on trees.

Lichinacjeae Lichina pygmaea var. intermedia St Glair, Black Head, Matanaka (coastal rocks). Steinera sorediata Flagstaff; Mt Cargill.

Gollemaceae

Collema fuscum Otakou Bush (xnahoe). leucocarpum Flagstaff (Carpodetus); East Taieri (trees). Dendriscocaulon holacinum Ross Creek, Leith Valley. Leptogium caesium var. picneum Mt Watkin. crispatellum Boyds Bush, West Taieri (broadleaf). spp,(2) Green Island Bush. Flagstaff. Dendriscocaulon bolacinum

Pannariaceae

Coccocarpia crania var. primaria Verterbum (mossy rocks); Silver Peaks (rocks). ■— gayana Mt Cargill. Massalongia carnosa Swampy Hill (boggy soil). Pannaria holospoda Morrisons Creek (rock); Mt Watkin (rock). immixta Otakou Bush, Mihiwaka ( Suttonia ); Boulder Hill (beech, broadleaf). leucosticta , Chain Hills (schist); Saddle Hill. nebulosa var. pulverulenta Trotters Gorge (mosses). rubiginosa Flagstaff (Rubus); Boyds Bush (broadleaf). Parmeliella gymnocheila Otago (W. W. Lindsay). mammillata Maungatua summit. microphylla Boyds Bush (Coprosma linariifolia) ; Trotters Gorge (rock). nigrocincta Flagstaff (Carpodetus). Psoroma aphthosum Mt Watkin. ciliatum Lee Stream (moss in tussock grassland). coralloideum Maungatua (tussock grassland); Flagstaff (rock). fruticulosum Swampy Hill; Maungatua (damp soil). melanizum Boyds Bush (schist rock). hirsutulum Maungatua summit. pholidoloides - Mihiwaka (cedar); Boulder Hill (broadleaf). spectabile Flagstaff (rimu). sphinctrinum Flagstaff (Neopanax colensoi). (Fuchsia); Flagstaff (Olearia). - —var. microphyllizans Otakou Bush (mahoe).

Peltigeraceae

Nephroma australe Akatore. —f. homalodes Maungatua; Akatore; Taieri Mouth; Mt Charles. cellulosum Dunedin. helveticum Akatore; Trotters Gorge. lyallii ...... Green Island; Akatore. neozelandicum Otakou Bush (mahoe). —f. squamicolum Near Dunedin (bark). Peltigera canina and f. sorediata Flagstaff; Taieri Mouth; Maungatua. dolichorrhiza Flagstaff (rotten log); Leith Valley; Abbots Hill, etc.

nana Waitati (earth amongst manuka); Mihiwaka. polydactyla ...... ...... Flagstaff; Mt Cargill; Taieri Mouth, etc. pusilla Sandymount (sand). virescens (= tereziana ) Flagstaff; Trotters Gorge; Dunedin.

Stigtaceae Lobaria adscripta Green Island Bush (trees); Mihiwaka (log); Saddle Hill (stumps), asperula Boulder Hill (broadleaf). montagnei Green Island (bark); Saddle Hill (dead trees). Pseudocyphellaria amphisticta Flagstaff (rock, broadleaf); Lamb Hill (rock). argyracea ...... ...... Waikouaiti (rock). aurata ; Waipori (tussock grassland); Akatore (kamahi); Whare Flat (manuka). billardieri ... Taieri Mouth (beech). carpoloma ...... Whare Flat (bark); Boyds Bush (rock); Mihiwaka (broadleaf). cellulifera Morrisons Creek (broadleaf). chloroleuca Silver Peaks (beech); Mt Cargill (broadleaf, tarata); Waipori (tussock grassland); Mt Watkin (rock); Mihiwaka (rimu). - cinnamomea ...... Saddle Hill (trees). colensoi Mt Cargill ( Lophomyrtus ); East Taieri Bush (W.L.L.). coronata ...... Boulder Hill (teatree); Flagstaff (broadleaf). Saddle Hill (rock); Mihiwaka (Dacrydium

biforme). coronatoides Boulder Hill (manuka). crocata Abbots Hill (rock); Boulder Hill (rock in grassland; Saddle Hill (rock); Black Head (grassland); Green Island Bush (rock). delisea Mt Cargill; Brighton; Taieri Mouth. —• dissimilis Saddle Hill (trees); Mihiwaka (rock); ( = P. cinnamomea?). dissimulata Saddle Hill (Pittosporum tenuifolium). durvillei Maungatua (tussock grassland); Verterburn (tussock grassland). episticta Waikouaiti (rock); Otakou Bush (dead wood); Mt Watkin (cabbage tree); Mihiwaka (totara); Flagstaff (rock, totara). flavicans Goat Is. (rock); Maungatua (beech, tussock grassland); Hindon (rock); Saddle Hill (Olearia fragrantissima) . fragillima ...... Leith Valley (mossy boulders); Black Head (rock); Otakou (mahoe); Mt Cargill (trees). f. myrioloba Waikouaiti (mossy boulders by stream). fossulata - ...... Flagstaff (Fuchsia, mahoe); Boulder Hill (beech); Mihiwaka (moss).

Pseudocyphellaria fossulata var. richardii Saddle Hill (rock, Rubus); East Taieri Bush (W.L.L.). foveolata Boulder Hill (Coprosma linariifolia) ; Mt Cargill (trees). freycinetii Flagstaff (mahoe); Black Head (basalt); East Taieri (trees). granulata ...... ...... Saddle Hill (Rubus, logs); Boyds Bush (manuka). hookeri .. f Black Head (rocks); Abbots Hill (rock); Boyds Bush (rock, teatree); Morrisons Creek (rock, moss). impressa ...... Flagstaff (dead trees). lechleri ...... Maungatua (summit bogs). mougeotiana „.... Port Chalmers (rock); Lamb Hill (rock); Flagstaff (grassland).

var. aurigera Sandymount (sand). multifida .. Saddle Hill (dead logs and trees, W.L.L.). physciospora ... Saddle Hill (dead trees, W.L.L.). polyschista ...... Mt Cargill (trees); Morrisons Creek (trees). psilophylla Saddle Hill (tree stumps); Mt Cargill (tarata); Mihiwaka (broadleaf); Abbots Hill (rock). rubella Boyds Bush (rock); Green Island Bush (dead trees). subargyracea Boyds Bush (mossy rocks). Sticta caperata ...... Flagstaff (trees); Mt Charles (trees). driereoglauca ...... ...... Flagstaff (broadleaf). - var. hilaris ...... Flagstaff (broadleaf). coriacea Flagstaff {Pseudowintera) ; East Taieri Bush (W.L.L.).

damaecornis Flagstaff ( Neopanax simplex). filix ...... ...... ...... ...... Mihiwaka (rock, moss, logs); Swampy Hill (trees). latifrons ....... Flagstaff (broadleaf); Boulder Hill (Coprosma linariifolia) ; Mt Cargill (beech, Neopanax simplex). limbata var. subflavida Boyds Bush (rock); Mt Watkin (rock); Lamb Hill (rock). sinuosa ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... Flagstaff (rimu). subcaperata Saddle Hill (rock, tree stumps). subcoriacea ...... ...... Abbots Hill (broadleaf); Mihiwaka (totara); Mt Cargill (beech); Otakou (Suttonia australis). subvariabilis Morrisons Creek ( Fuchsia ); Mt Cargill (ceda,r); Flagstaff (broadleaf); Boulder Hill (beech, broadleaf). variabilis Boulder Hill (beech); Saddle Hill (logs, Olearia ilicifolia) ; Mihiwaka (totara).

Parmeliaceae

Candelaria cqncolqr ...... ...... ...... East Taieri; Akatore (shrubs). Hypogymnia billardieri ' “' f ' >•'•••••• ■ ■ Mihiwaka (dead wood); Mt Cargill (wood); Mt Watkin (rock). enteromorpha ...... '■...... ...... —. Flagstaff (grassland); Mt Cargill (Dracophyllum twigs). inflata ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... Maungatua. lugubris , ...... Mt Cargill (twigs); Verterburn (soil on rock); Maungatua (rocks). physodes ...... ...... ...... . ..•••• Flagstaff (rocks); Mihiwaka (broadleaf) ; Boulder Hill (beech). sub physodes ~ •. ;.. ...... Mt Cargill (twigs) ; Saddle Hill (logs); Sullivans Dam (posts). subteres ...... ...... ...... Flagstaff (rimu twigs). Menegazzia amabilis Silver Peaks (beech); Mt Cargill (tree tutu). e— circumsorediata, ...,„ „„„ „... Taioma Road (manuka).

Menegazzia dielsii ...... Maungatua (beech). foraminulosa ...... Between Flagstaff and Swampy Hill. var. pustulata Flagstaff. globulifera A ...... ...... Maungatua (Dracophyllum) . intermedia ....... Flagstaff. intestiniformis •••••• ' •••••• ...., Between Flagstaff and Swampy Hill. nothofagi - ...„. Outram (rock) Flagstaff (rock) Silver Peaks (beech). stirtoniana ...... P ...... Mt Cargill (bark). subpertusa Mt Cargill (twigs) Flagstaff (twigs) Mihiwaka ( Neopanax simplex ); Swampy Hill (trees); Boulder Hill (tea tree), weindorferi r ...... ...... Maungatua (beech); Mt Cargill and Silver Peaks (beech); Mihiwaka (Neopanax simplex).

late). Parmelia caperata Abbots Hill (Coprosma); Mt Watkin (rock); Boyds Bush (rock); Akatore (trees); Saddle Hill (Pinus); Dunedin (roofing tiles). cetrata Abbots Hill. —f, exornata Black Head (rock); Mt Watkin (rock). —f, sorediifera Green Island Bush (rock); Abbots Hill (rock). cetrarioides ~ Flagstaff (dead tree). conspersa Ram Rock, Waikouaiti; Black Head (rock); Signal Hill (basalt). —f. isidiata Mt Watkin (rock). erimis ~ Boyds Bush (rock); Flagstaff (rock). epheboides .... Trotters Gorge. isidiotyla (As P. glomellifera) . Lamb Hill (schist); Otago Harbour (coastal rocks). laevigata ...... Black Head (basalt).

mougeotii Maungatua (summit rocks); Saddle Hill (rock). nilgherrensis Abbots Hill (rotten bark). olivacea ...... Mt Watkin (rock); Port Chalmers (rock); Chain Hills (rock). perforata Waikouaiti (rock); Flagstaff (posts); Saddle Hill (kowhai); etc. perlata Saddle Hill (tussock); Black Head (rock); Mihiwaka (rock). petriseda ...... Ram Rock, Waikouaiti (rock). —* prolixa Macs Valley (rock); Maungatua (schist). var. pockornyi Sandymount (rock); Flagstaff (tussock grassland). reticulata Black Head (rock); Akatore (rock); Abbots

Hill (rimu). rudecta Abbots Hill (rock). rutidota !.... . Black Head (rock). saxatilis Silver Peaks (beech); Saddle Hill (rocks); Abbots Hill (rocks). signifera Verterburn (rock). subtiliacea Saddle Hill. tenuirima Waipori (rock); Mt Watkin (rock); Mt Cargill (beech, rimu). - var. corallina Saddle Hill (rock). rocks). trichotera ...... Saddle Hill (rocks, twigs); Black Head (rocks); Mihiwaka (Rubus).

Parmelia tiliaceae Mt Cargill (dead twigs). waiporiensis Waipori (rock). Usneacea Thamnolia vermicularis Maungatua (bogs). Neuropogon acromelanus Waikouaiti Reservoir (rock) ; Mt Watkin; Flagstaff (rock). ciliatus Flagstaff (rock); Maungatua (rock). Ramalina calicaris Saddle Hill, Stony Hill, and Green Island Bush (W.L.L.). dilacerata Mt Cargill; Mt Royal (Hymenanthera). far inace a Mt Charles (shrubs). fastigiata

geniculata Akatore (dead twigs); Maungatua (Hymenanthera). leiodea Flagstaff (exotic trees); Otakou Bush (Coprosma crassifolia, mahoe); Waitati (Hoheria). linearis Abbots Hill (Coprosma propinqua). pollinaria ; scopulorum Matanaka (coastal rocks). subgeniculata Otakou Bush (dead wood); Maungatua ( Hymenanthera ). torulosa Maungatua (shrubs).

yemensts var. ecklonii Wairongoa (posts); Waikouaiti (ngaio); Otakou Bush {Coprosma). - var. membranacea Otakou Bush {Coprosma) ; Waitati (fruit trees), Usnea arida Flagstaff, Mt Cargill, Maungatua, Saddle Hill, Sandymount. articulata . Cave Hill (type locality). -i — aurescens Saddle Hill (W.L.L.). ciliata Flagstaff (rock); Maungatua (rock). capillacea Mt Charles; Saddle Hill. contexta Saddle Hill (twigs); Maungatua (bog vegetation). florida :. ...... Otakou Bush (dead twigs); Pelichet Bay (trees). twigs); Mt Cargill (trees). flexilis Saddle Hill summit (W.L.L.). glomerata Waipori (rock); Maungatua ( Dracophyllum , rock); Abbots Hill (posts). ; inermts Flagstaff (Coprosma rugosa) ; Waipori (rock); Wairongoa (posts).

- menziesii Three-mile Hill (trees). pellucida Maungatua ( Dracophyllum , rock); Mt Royal. plicata Mt Cargill (trees). rubescens Taieri Beach (manuka). rupestris Abbots Hill (rock). simplex Three-mile Hill {Betula). tenerior Waitati. torquescens ...... ...••• Silver Peaks (beech). torulosa Cave Hill (rock) ; Silver Peaks (rock); Maungatua (rock). xanthopoga Mt Cargill (beech); Flagstaff ( Neomyrtus ); Boyds Bush (manuka). Siphula rnedioxima Maungatua (bogs).

Physciaceae Anaptychia leucomelaena Whare Flat, Akatore (shrubs). Anaptychia speciosa Hammonds Hill (Merton). Physcia caesia Otago Heads (rock); Goat Is (rock) ; Matanaka (sandstone).

Physcia hypoleuca i ;..... 1 Boyds Bush (rock). integrata Boyds Bush (rock). plinthiza ...... ...... Saddle Hill ( Hoheria ); Otago Heads ( Hoheria ); Waitati (Laburnum); Matanaka (ngaio). speciosa ....:. ...... .....; ...... ...... Whare Flat (manuka). stellaris „.... ...„ ...„. «_ sp. Whare Flat (totara). sp. ...... ...... ; ~C 7 ...... , Port Chalmers (mahoe). Telosghistaceae

Teloschistes chrysophthalmus . Abbots Hill (Coprosma); Otago Heads (lacebark) ; Brighton (hawthorn) ; Saddle Hill (hawthorn; exposed roots). fasciculatus ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...u Maungatua (rocks). velifer ...... .1... ....'. ...... Maungatua, Taieri Mouth, Mihiwaka, Abbots Hill, etc. Xanthoria parietina , Saddle Hill, Mosgiel, Lee Stream. - ...... The Kaik; Saddle Hill. kouaiti, etc.

Caloplacaceae Blastema sp ...... ‘ . ...... Brighton, Taieri Mouth. Caloplaca circumlutosa ' St Clair and Akatore (coastal rocks); Maungatua. flavovirescens : . ....... Maungatua (rock) Matanaka (rock). homologa \:.z ......; As Lecanora homologa, W.L.L. Pyracea var. holocarpa . 'r? St Clair (rocks); Wairongoa (posts). sp. '...... v ».... Wairongoa.

Lecanoraceae Acarospora otagense : •■;■■■ Brighton. sp. .. . | ' | ; Taieri Mouth, High cliff. Hoopers Inlet. Candelariella aurella ...... ...... Flagstaff (Verrucaria); Saddle Hill (rocks). vitellina .... ...... Lamb Hill (rock) Abbots Hill (rock). Haematomma hilare H•' Silver Peaks (beech). puniceum ...... ...... Abbots Hill;'Saddle Hill (lacebark, walnut); Silver Peaks (beech). Leeanora albidorufa • I ...;.. ;..... ...... ...... Saddle Hill (basalt); Kaikorai Hill (rock); East Taieri (trees). . albescens , .' ...»; as Squamaria galactina, W.L.L. atra ...... «... Maungatua (rocks) Lamb Hill (rocks); Horse Range (rocks). blanda Silver Peaks; Mt Watkin (rock); Abbots Hill (rock). aurantiaca ■ •.. ' ...... «... 1 '• ,

Hill (rock). crenulata ...... ....1 ...... ...I. ...... Matanaka (coastal rocks). cinerea ; Kaikorai Hill (basalt); Andersons Bay (rock). cyamtdea ' ...... Mt Cargill. dasycarpa Abbots Hill. dispersa Black Head; Matanaka (sandstone); Taieri Mouth (rocks). fertilissima ...... .: Matanaka (rock).

Lecanora limosescens .. ...... Otago Heads. ferruginea | ...... W.L.L. pachypholis ...... Otago Harbour (coastal rocks). parmelina ...... ....... Lee Stream; Maungatua. pyracea ...... Black Head (rock); Saddle Hill (rock). rupicola ...... Maungatua (rocks). subfusca ...... Akatore Bridge (Koromiko); Highcliff; Flagstaff.

sordida Highcliff ; Taieri R. (rock); Maungatua. umbrina ...... _ ...... ....... Chain Hills (Kowhai). Aiyxodictyon chrysosticta Boyds Bush (rock); Mt Watkin (Cordyline); Flagstaff (trees). Ochrolechia parella (as Lecanora parella, W.L.L.) Phlyctella abstersa Mt Cargill ( Neopanax simplex ). Placopsis gelida Flagstaff, Port Chalmers, Mt Watkin, Morrisons Greek (rocks). —r parellina St Glair, Highcliff, Harbour Cone.

perrugosa Mt Watkin, Lamb Hill, Highcliff, Maungatua (rocks). rhodocarpa ...... Ross Creek Reservoir (rock); Port Chalmers. rhodophthalma ...... - —f. argillacea Port Chalmers; Otago Heads; Morrisons Creek (decomposed rock). tr achy derma ...... Silver Peaks (fence posts???). Sarcogyne simplex Andersons Bay (rock).

Pertusariaceae Coccotrema cucurbitula j Maungatua (on low vegetation). Pertusaria basaltica Black Head (coastal rocks). communis Saddle Hill and East Taieri Bush (W.L.L.). dactylina ...... ~..t s Akatore Gorge (rock). dactylinoides Silver Peaks. dunedina Flagstaff (basalt). perfida ..;... ...... '-2.. W.L.L. graphic a . .....; Akatore mouth (coastal rocks). limescens . Black Head (coastal rocks). nothofagi ;..... ...;.. .;.... Silver Peaks (beech). obvelata ...... ...... Black Head (coastal rocks). perrimosa i... Lamb Hill (rock). simulans Silver Peaks (rocks in grassland). subverrucosa Maungatua (rocks).

Mastodiaceae Mastodia tessellata Motu Rata (on rock near high tide level). Chrysothricaceae Crocynia gassypinna : Mihiwaka (rimu). Thelotremaceae Thelotrema lepadinum ...... Flagstaff ( Suttonia australis); Akatore (Kamahi); Green Island Bush (trees). monosporum ...... | East Taieri Bush (trees, W.L.L.).

Diplosghistaceae Diploschistes cervinus ...... I ; Maungatua. sanguinescens .. .. ...... Otago Heads (coastal rocks). scruposus ...;.. ...... ...... Maungatua (summit rocks); Black Head; Mt Watkin. sticticus J ’ 4 Maungatua (rock); Saddle Hill (tertiary grits, W.L.L.). sp. Lee Stream (rocks).

Gyalegtaceae Dimerella dilute South of Taieri Beach (coastal banks). lutea . Taieri Beach (fern trunks); Signal Hill (detritus); Mihiwaka (treefern). sp. Hammonds Hill, Merton (trees). sp. ...... Hindon (soil on rocks).

Umbilicariaceae Umhilicaria cylindrica f. fimbriata ...... Flagstaff (rocks); Silver Peaks (summit rocks). polyphylla ' ;..\ r ;• Maungatua (rocks). vellea Waikouaiti Reservoir (rocks). sp. ...... I ;*. Flagstaff (rocks).

COENOGONIACEAE Coenogonium implexum Taieri Mouth (trees). - linkii{?) Swampy Hill (tree-trunks). nigrum Maungatua (summit rocks).

Clathraceae Cladia aggregata Maungatua (bogs); Whare Flat (rocks); Mt Cargill (rock, scrub), etc. retipora Maungatua (heath, bogs) ; Verterbum; Whare Flat. sullivanii Maungatua (bogs); Swampy Hill.

Cladoniaceae Cladonia alpestroides ; Maungatua (summit grasslands). aueri Maungatua (summit bogs). bacillaris Mt Cargill (logs); Mihiwaka (logs). balfourii Mt Cargill (manuka heath). borbonica Mt Cargill (dead logs); Flagstaff (banks). calycantha Goat Island (earth), capitellata ...... .

—f. degenerata ...... Verterburn. —f. fastigiata Waipori. carneola - Maungatua summit. carassensis Flagstaff, Mt Cargill. cariosa * Flagstaff; Mt Cargill. -rra chlorophaea - Flagstaff. coccifera ~.... Mihiwaka (dead log). cervicornis Flagstaff; Mt Cargill. coniocraea £. stenoscypha Boyds Bush. conista Mt Cargill (soil amongst manuka). cornuta Mt Cargill (dead logs); Flagstaff (in moss). cornutoradiata ......

—f. radiata ...... Mt Cargill. —f. subulata ...... ...... Verterbum, Otakou Bush, Maungatua, Flagstaff. crispata ...... cylindrica Otakou Bush (earth, decaying wood). deformis var. crenulata Mihiwaka; Maungatua (dead tussocks). didyma - degenerans - ...... ...... Saddle Hill (W.L.L.). Floerkeana ~

gracilis ....... grayi Flagstaff; Verterbum. lepidota Saddle Hill (W.L.L.). macilenta Mihiwaka (log in grassland). major Otakou Bush; Flagstaff. pityrea Flagstaff (earth and rotten wood).

Cladonia pityrea f. subacuta .....: Green Island Bush; Mihiwaka (rotten log). —■ f. subareolata ;.. Goat Island. leptoclada Maungatua (bogs); Verterburn (grassland). pleurota Maungatua (bogs); Verterburn (grassland). pyxidata Whare Flat; Saddle Hill. scabriuscula squamosa

subsquamosa Flagstaff (soil overlying rock). verticillata Whare Flat (soil under manuka); Mt Cargill (manuka heath soils). Baeomyces fungoides Mt Cargill (rock); Leith Valley (soil); Outram (soil). heteromorphus Maungatua (bank); Swampy Hill (bog).

Stereocaulaceae Stereocaulon caespitosum Maungatua (schist rocks). corticatulum Maungatua (rocks); Flagstaff (rock); Saddle Hill (rock). denudatum gregarium Flagstaff (stone fences). : ramulosum Flagstaff, Maungatua, Waipori (rocks and grassland).

Buelliaceae Buellia canescens Black Head (rock). disciformis (as Lecidea parasema, W.L.L.) dunedina Abbots Hill (rock); Horse Range (rock); Macraes Hill (schist). juscoatratula Goat Island (rock). macularis Hyde (quartz). minutula Goat Island (rock). nitrophylla

otagensis . Otago Heads (coastal rock). punctata (as Lecidea myriocarpa, W.L.L.) stellulata ...... (as Lecidea stellulata, W.L.L.) sub-badioatra Abbots Hill (rock). Rinodina exigua f. saxicola Lamb Hill (rock); Black Head (coastal rock). macra Wairongoa (poplar). peloleuca (as Lecanora peloleuca, W.L.L.) thiomela Otago Heads and Black Head (coastal rocks); Cave Hill (rock).

Lecideageae

Bacidia alhozonata Port Chalmers (rock). allotropa (as Lecidea allotropa, W.L.L.) arceutina Stony Hill, East Taieri, and Green Island Bush (W.L.L.). cargillensis . Mt Cargill (Neopanax simplex) ; Silver Peaks (beech). leucothalamia (as Lecidea leucothalamia, W.L.L.) millegrana (As Lecidea milligrana, W.L.L.) otagensis (As Lecidea otagensis, W.L.L.) sabuletorum Otokia Bluff (W.L.L.).

subcerina Trotters Gorge (rock). thallasina Port Chalmers (rock). trachona (As Lecidea trachona, W.L.L.) Bilimbia sp ...... Mihiwaka (bark). Catillaria flavidoatra (W.L.L., as Lecidea flavidoatra.) grossa Mihiwaka ( Pseudopanax ); Akatore (Kamahi); Saddle Hill (trees).

Catillaria lenticularis (W.L.L.) melanotropa (W.L.L.) intermixta ...... Flagstaff (bark). lenticularis ; (As Lecidea, W.L.L.) melastigea - ...... Matanaka {Coprosma crassifolia); Abbots Hill (miro). perpulchra ...... Leith Saddle (Cyathea smithii). pulverea

(W.L.L.), Bacidia. pyrophthalma ...... Flagstaff (Fuchsia). weinmannia Otakou. Lecidea albocoerulescens Mac’s Valley (rock). hacidioides Flagstaff (rimu). blastenoides ...... Silver Peaks (rock). carpodetus ..... ...... Boyds Bush (Carpodetus). cinnabarina ...... Silver Peaks (rotten log). cinnabaroides Mt Cargill (Neomyrtus) . circumdiluens Flagstaff. coarctata Stony Hill (basalt, W.L.L.). confederata Abbots Hill (rock). contigua Mihiwaka (rock); Signal Hill (basalt). dunedina ...... Abbots Hill (rock). eucheila Mt Cargill (rimu). friabilis Abbots Hill (basalt). furfuracea ...;.. i Abbots Hill (mahoe); Saddle Hill (dead trees). fusco-atra f. fumosa Abbots Hill (rock); Saddle Hill, south peak

(rock). irrubens Otago Heads; Macs Valley; Abbots Hill (rock). lapicida var. declinans Saddle Hill (rocks). nigrolurida Waipori. sanguineoatra Maungatua (soil). schistiseda ...... Maungatua (rock). sterilis .:i... ...... ...... Silver Peaks (rock). sticticarpa Waikouaiti Reservoir (rock). subdacrydii Flagstaff (rimu), subglaucodea Flagstaff (rock). subsimilis Abbots Hill (rock). subtenebrosa Lamb Hill. suprasedens Abbots Hill (volcanic rocks). vexillaris Flagstaff (rock). sp. ( Biatora ) Port Chalmers (apothecia yellow). Megalospora marginiflexa Flagstaff (rimu); Mt Watkin (broadleaf); Leith Saddle (Neopanax).

sulphurata Psora glaucolepida Silver Peaks; Mt Cargill. Rhizocarpon geographicum Maungatua (rocks). grande Maungatua (rocks). lunulatum ■ Verterburn (rock). petraea ? (As Lecidea petraea, W.L.L.) thomsonii Macs Valley (rock). f. fuscidulum Waikouaiti Reservoir (schist rock). Toninia amphitropa (As Lecidea amphitropa, W.L.L.) bullata Flagstaff; Mt Cargill.

Arthoniaceae Arthonia conspicua ...... Recorded by W.L.L. from between Dunedin and Clutha. excedens Recorded by W.L.L. from between Dunedin and Clutha. platygraphella - ...... Recorded by W.L.L. from between Dunedin and ... ■ Clutha.

Graphidaceae Encephalographa otagensis (As Melanospora, W.L.L.) Graphis sp . ...... Flagstaff {Pseudowintera color ala ). sp. . Swampy Hill (Coprosma). sp. Otago Peninsula (rohutu). (Several other species of this family as yet undetermined occur).

OpEGRAPHIDACEAE Opegrapha sp. ...... .. .... ...... St Clair (coastal rocks). agelaeoides ..:... ...... Recorded by W.L.L. from between Dunedin and Clutha. spodopolU Recorded by W.L.L. from between Dunedin and _ Clutha. subeffigurans ..'.... ....... Recorded by W.L.L. from between Dunedin and Clutha.

Chiodectonaceae Enterographa sp ...... V:...... Akatore R. Gorge. Lecanacxaceae Leeanactis pollens '..D - .... ; Mihiwaka (rimu). subfarinosa sp. ' . ...... ■'. f ...... Maungatua (beech). Sagenidium molle ...... Morrisons Creek (trees) Mihiwaka (trees in shade). Platygrapha longifera ....... ...... (Collected by W.L.L. somewhere between Dunedin and Glutha.)

Dermatocarpaceae Dermatocarpon sp. South of Taieri Beach (damp bank). Endocarpon sp * ...... Verterburn. insigne ...... Black Head (coastal rock). Verrucariaceae Verrucaria lacrimans Otago Heads (coastal rocks). maura f. arachnoides ...... Goat Island (coastal rocks). otagensis * Matanaka (coastal rocks). Staurothele umbrina Mt Watkin (rock).

Pyben.ueaceae Leptorhaphis epidermidis ;..... '...... ...... (W.L.L.) Pyrenula cinereoglauca Green Island Bush (Suttonia); Akatore; Port Chalmers (hawthorn). consociata ...... •....;. ' :..... Ml Cargill (Coprosma propinqua). kunthii £ ...... Swampy Hill ( Carpod'etus). mamillana ...... var. erubescent Green Island Bush (Suttonia australis). var. subconfluens ...» Flagstaff (bark) : Mt Watkin (Suttonia australis). nitida ...... Green Island Bush (living trees) W.L.L. straminescens ■•••• ••••• -- Leith Saddle {Suttonia divaricata). sp. .. .. ...... ...... Taieri Mouth (mahoe). sp. . ...... Taieri Mouth {Carpodetus) . sp. ■ Maungatua (Carpodetus). Microthelia cargilleana v ...... Recorded by W.L.L. perrugosaria ....... 1’... Recorded by W.L.L. ramalinaria : ...... Recorded by W.L.L.

T R H ELIACEAE Melanotheca irregularis Mt Cargill (Neopanax simplex).

References Lindsay, W. Lauder, 1866. Observations on New Zealand Lichens. Trans. Linn. Soc. 25: 493-560. Martin, W., 1958. The Cladoniae of New Zealand. Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 85(4): 603-32. Murray, J., 1960, Studies of New Zealand Lichens I. Coniocarpineae. Ibid. 88(2): 177-95. Simpson, G. and Thomson, J. S., 1938. The Dunedin Subdistrict of the South Otago Botanical District. .Ibid. 67: 430-42. Zahlbruckner, A., 1942. Lichenes Novae Zelandiae. Wien.

W. Martin, 27 Merchiston Street, Andersons Bay, Dunedin.