List of Plates

Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Volume 84, 1956-57, Unnumbered Page

List of Plates Caption Plate number Fig 1—Aciphylla crosbysmithii, Takahe Valley. (W. R. B. Oliver, photo.) Fig. 2.—Aciphylla simplex, Garvie Mountains. (J Speden, photo.) Fig. 3.—Aciphylla scott-thomsonii, Ben More. (W. R. B. Oliver, photo.) Plate 1 Fig. 1.—Aciphylla similis. Type. Arthurs Pass. Fig. 2.—Aciphylla indurata. Type. Mt. Lyall. Fig. 3.—Aciphylla flexuosa. Type. Mt. Alta. Fig. 4.—Aciphylla multasecta. Type. Mt. Balloon. Plate 2 Fig. 1.—Aciphylla divisa. Type. Mt. Ollivier, Hooker Valley. Fig. 2.—Aciphylla subflabellata. Type. Waiau. Fig. 3.—Aciphylla gracilis. Type. Kirkliston Range Fig. 4.—Aciphylla spedent. Type. Cecil Peaks. Plate 3 Fig. 1.—Aciphylla crenulata, Lake Harris Saddle Fig. 2.—Aciphylla glaucescens Type. Swampy Hill. Plate 4 Fig. 1.—Aciphylla inermis. Type Sealy Range. Fig. 2.—Aciphylla latibracteata. Type. Temple Hill, Arthurs Pass. Fig. 3.—Aciphylla horrida. Type. Alecs Knob. Fig. 4—Aciphylla aurea. Type. Swampy Hill. Plate 5 Fig. 1.—Aciphylla congesta, Lake Harris. Fig. 2.—Aciphylla colensoi Type. leaf. Ruahine Mountains. (Kew Herbarium, photo.) Plate 6 Fig. 1.—Aciphylla monroi Type, top left hand specimen. McCrea's. run, Marlborough (Kew Herbarium, photo.) The lower left hand specimen is A. divisa. Fig. 2.—Aciphylla lyallii. Types, right ♂, left ♀, Dusky Sound. (Kew Herbarium, photo.) The central figure is of an unidentified species. Plate 7 Fig. 1.—Aciphylla verticillata. Type. Mt. Kyeburn. Fig. 2.—Aciphylla ferox. Anatoki Range. Fig. 3.—Aciphylla ferox. Type. Mt. Arthur Plateau. Plate 8 Cyttaria gunnii on Nothofagus menziesii. (Photo by the late W. C. Davies, of the Cawthron Institute.) Plate 9 A. Cyttaria pallida on branch of Notholagus menziesii. (Photo A. R. Teixeira.) B. Cyttaria nigra, immature stromata to show papillae and gall on branch of Nothofagus menziesii. (Photo A. R. Teixeira.) C. Mature stromata of Cyttaria nigra. (Photo N. Z. F. S.) Plate 10 Decorticated Cyttaria galls on Nothofagus menziesii. A. Cyttaria nigra. B. Cyttaria pallida. C. Cyttaria gunnii. Plate 11 A. Spindle-shaped galls and Cyttaria stromata on twigs of Nothofagus moorei from Mt. Hobwee, Queensland. B. Gall of Cyttaria pallida on Nothofagus menziesii sapling. C. Galls of Cyttaria gunnii on Nothofagus menziesii sapling. One gall decorticated. (Photo N. Z. F. S.) Plate 12 Fig. 1.—Sandstone beds separated by thin argillite beds folded into a small asymmetrical anticline overturned to the east, and with incipient faulting along the synclinal axis. Owhit Bay. Fig. 2.—Thinly bedded alternating argillites and sandstones. Man O' War Bay. Fig. 3.—Pillow lavas at Surfdale. Photo: Dr. R. N. Brothers. Plate 13 Fig. 1.—Greywacke sandstone composed of angular quartz (white), saussuritised feldspar (grey) and argillite fragments set in a fine clay matrix. X 12 Fig. 2.—Green mylonite from Owhit Bay containing quartz veins cut by movement along bedding planes, chlorite veins and a radiolarian. X 15. Fig. 3.—Quartz vein in greywacke sandstone. The dark patches in the vein are chlorite. X 15. Fig. 4.—Pleistocene basalt from a boulder at Stony Batte. Large augite phenocrysts with smaller, resorbed olivine crystals are set in a fine groundmass of feldspar laths, augite, and iron ore. X 15. Plate 14 Fig. 1.—General view of nerve net overlying mesenteric retractor muscles, M. canum. Whole mount, fresh Methylene blue preparation, × 84. Fig. 2.—Single neurone, showing nerve cell body with characteristic nucleus and nucleolus, and parts of stout nerve fibres, M. canum mesentery, fresh Methylene blue preparation, × 500. Plate 15 Fig. 3.—M. senile nerve net overlying retractor muscle (fixed Methylene blue preparation). Fig. 4.—M. canum nerve net overlying retractor muscle (fresh Methylene blue preparation) Both figures × 95. Note much stouter fibres, with tendency to parallel orientation, in M. canum. Fig. 5.—M. canum, portion of nerve net overlying retractor muscles, showing strong tendency of neurones to run parallel. Cell bodies of 4 neurones in field. Fresh Methylene blue preparation, × 116. Plate 16 Fig. 15.—A sagittal section (X 80) of the A-V junction, just to the right of the intriatrial septum. The section is viewed from the left. The atrial musculature is invaginated into the base of the ventricle as the A-V funnel. The epicardial tissue (Ep) accompanies this invagination for some distance, completely separating the atrial from the ventricular musculature. More caudally, however, these are seen to become directly continuous. This section also shows the right septal cusp (R. S. C.) of the bell-shaped valve with its concavity directed towards the ventricle and its caudal margin attached to the ventricular wall both ventrally and dorsally. Fig. 16.—Ventral view of the hear of Letolopisma grande in situ. Note the sac-like diverticulars (S. D.) of the right atrium projecting between the diverging carotid arteries. Fig. 17.—A wax-plate reconstruction of the sinu-atrial junctional region, from the ventral aspect. The ventral wall of the sinus venosus (S. V.) and the dorsal wall of the right atrium (R. A.) can be seen. The rostral (R. S. V.) and caudal (C. S. V.) cusps of the S. A. valve project into the right atrium. At its left-hand end the rostral cusp continues on to the dorsal part of the interatrial septum (I. S.). A white arrow passes through the opening of the pulmonary vein (P. V.) into the left atrium. Plate 17 Figs. 18 21 are thick hand-cut transverse sections of the ventricle seen from above. The sections proceed in a caudal direction. × 16. Fig. 18.—Shows the muscular ridge separating the large cavum dorsale from the small cavum pulmonale (into which a hair has been inserted). Fig. 19.—This section includes a portion of both the muscular and apical ridges. The muscular ridge again separates the cavum pulmonale ventrally and to the right (with a hair inserted in it) from the cavum dorsale dorsally. The apical ridge can be seen running dorso-ventrally across the cavum dorsale, dividing it into the cavum venosum on the right, and cavum arteriosum on the left. Fig. 20.—The muscular ridge is not present at this level, but the apical ridge is prominent. Fig. 21.—Apex of the ventricle. Here muscular trabeculae divide the ventricular cavity into a number of regular spaces into which hairs have been inserted. Fig. 22.—Photomicrograph of ventricular muscle to show the characteristic appearance of the bulged portions of the fibres when these are cut in transverse section Azan × 600. Fig. 23.—Photomicrograph of a nest of epitheloid cells situated between the right and left systemic arteries in the adventitia of the truncus. The actual paraganglion cells may be distinguished by their distinct nucleoli (as indicated by arrow). Three fat cells are seen in the cell-nest in this section H. P. F. × 615. Fig. 24.—Subepicardial vein communicating with intertrabecula space H. P. F. × 290. Plate 18 Fig. 25.—Photomicrograph of ventricular muscle showing the bulgings of the fibres around certain nuclei. It can be seen that these bulgings are quite localised and are not present along the entire length of the fibre. Azan. × 600. Fig. 26.—Photomicrograph of atrial muscle also showing occasional bulging of the fibres. Azan. × 650. Fig. 27.—Photomicrograph of ventricular muscle showing small masses of glycogen (arrows) within the individual fibres. Haematoxylin and Best's carmine × 720. Plate 19 Fig. 1.–Stereum pusiolum, × 2. Fig. 2.–Stereum elegans, × 3/2. Fig. 3.–Stereum affine, × 2. Fig. 4.–Stereum pergamenum, × 3/2. Photographs by J. W. Endt Plate 20 Fig. 1.–Stereum sanguinolentum, × 1. Fig. 2.–Stereum scutellatum, × ⅔. Fig. 3.–Stereum strigoso-zonatum, × ½. Photographs by J. W. Endt. Plate 21 Fig. 1.–Stereum purpureum, × 1. Fig. 2.–Stereum aotearoa, × 1. Fig. 3.–Stereum rameale, × 1. Fig. 4.–Stereum hirsutum, × ⅔. Photographs by J. W. Endt. Plate 22 Fig. 1.–Stereum lobatum, × ½. Fig. 2.–Stereum illudens, × ⅔ Fig. 3.–Stereum vellereum, × ⅔. Photographs by J. W. Endt. Plate 23 Fig. 1—Aleurodiscus pateriformis. Fig. 2.—Aleurodiscus patellaeformis. Fig. 3.—Aleurodiscus parmuliformis. Fig. 4.—Aleurodiscus limonisporus. Fig. 5.—Aleurodiscus zealandicus. All × 1. Photographs by J. W. Endt. Plate 24 Fig. 1.—Aleurodiscus ochraceo-flavus. Fig. 2.—Aleurodiscus mirabilis. Fig. 3.—Aleurodiscus berggrent. Early stage with scattered pilei Fig. 4.—Aleurodiscus berggreni. Mature stage with connate pilei. All × 1. Photographs by J. W. Endt. Plate 25 Fig. 1.—Aleurodiscus aberrans. Fig. 2.—Aleurodiscus sparsus. Fig. 3.—Aleurodiscus coralloides. Fig. 4.—Aleurodiscus botryosus. All × 1. Photographs by J. W. Endt. Plate 26 Fig. 1.—Aleurodiscus candidus. Fig. 2.—Aleurodiscus nivosus. Fig. 3.—Aleurodiscus aurantius. Fig. 4.—Aleurodiscus acerinus. All × 1. Photographs by J. W. Endt. Plate 27 Fig. 1—Scale taken from a 14-inch snapper. Tasman Bay showing 6 annuli × 85 Fig. 2—Detail of rectangular area marked in Figure 1, showing two radii and one annulus × 85 Plate 28 Tide Rock a sun-exposed vertical rock face where tidal currents are negligible Hormosira sub-zone (lower midlittoral) at base Surface above is relatively bare, lacking dense balanoid coveing Scattered oysters and Corallina at 3ft level Scattered Pomatoceros tubes at 4ft level clumps of Bostrychia at high tide neap (6ft) Plate 29 Characteristic littoral species, all at natural size, Aquarium Point Fig.1—Littorinid Zone Melarhaphe cincta aggregates in shaded crevices Figs 2–6—Midlittoral Zone. Fig. 2—Turrets (Zeacumentus subcarinatus) cluster on Bostrychia in upper midlittoral (Also 1 Risselopsis varia, top). Fig. 3—Periwinkle Melagraphia aethiops and limpet Cellana ornata, abounding midlittorally Fig. 4—Elminius modestus, locally abundant, on side of stone at half tide (also one Parvacmea helmst) Fig 5.—Sypharochiton pelliserpentis, abundant throughout midlittoral, in tiny pool on sunexposed rock Fig. 6—Elminius plicatus (large) and Chamaesipho columna (small, fused walls) form moderately dense cover where tidal current is strong, also eroded Cellana ornata and Mytilus planulatus Plate 30 Lower littoral and sublittoral. current-exposed Fig 1—Tip Rock, extreme low spring tide Top of rock just below half tide B, balanoids (Elminius plicatus and Chamaesipho columna). L, lamellibranchs (Mytilus planulatus and Ostrea hefferdt) A, mixed algae of lower midhttoral (Ulva, Hormostra, Gigartina, etc.). M-P. Macrocystis and Pyura pachydermatina of infralittoral exposed only at more extreme spring tides Fig 2—Under-water bed of Pyura pachydermatina and Macrocystis Plate 31 Fig. 1.—Lampanyctus seriatus n.sp. Left sagitta otolith. Inner face. Fig. 2.—Lampanyctus serratus n.sp. Right sagitta otolith. Inner face. Fig. 3.—Lampanyctus serratus n.sp. Left sagitta otolith Inner face. Fig. 4.—Lampanyctus seriatus n.sp. Right sagitta otolith Inner face. Fig. 5.—? ? Mystriophis obliquum n.sp. Left sagitta otolith Inner face. Fig. 6.—Heterenchelys crassus n.sp. Left sagitta otolith Inner face. Fig. 7.—Gadidarum laevigatum n.sp. Left sagitta otolith Inner face. Fig. 8.—Percidarum uawaensis n.sp. Left sagitta otolith Inner face. Fig. 9.—Jordanicus exiguus n.sp. Left sagitta otolith Inner face. Fig. 10.—“Scopelus' ovatus n.sp. Left sagitta otolith Inner face. Fig. 11.—“Scopelus” ovatus n.sp. Right sagitta otolith Inner face. Fig. 12.—Coelorhynchus regularis n.sp. Left sagitta otolith Inner face. Fig. 13.—Coelorhynchus elevatus n.sp. Incomplete right sagitta otolith Inner face. Fig. 14.—Notothenia tenuis n.sp. Left sagitta otolith Inner face. Fig. 15.—Trachyrhynchus densus n.sp. Right sagitta otolith. Inner face. All figures magnified × 7, except Fig. 15, which is × 5. Plate 32 Fig. 1.—Paralloid Fold, diameter 6ft, Mungaroa Limestone, Te Kau Kau Point. Fig. 2.—Same as Fig. 1 with sandstone dyke. Fig. 3.—Same as Figs. 1 and 2 with 18in thick sandstone dykes and sills. Fig. 4.—Skew Fold, Te Kau Kau Point. Note oblique fissures. Fig. 5.—Mud Ball. Piripauan Sandstone Fig 6—Attenuated distortional slump folds, Pukemuri Siltstone, Opouawe River. Plate 33 Figs. 1 and 2.—Greensand dykes in Mungaroa Limestone, Te Kau Kau Point. The 20ft. dyke of Fig. 2 has been etched out by wave action. Fig. 3.—Scree (submarine ?) of Piripauan Sandstone in Piripauan Sandstone. Fig. 4.—Calcite filled joints in Mungaroa Limestone. (Photo: M. King.) Fig. 5.—Greensand dykes in Whangai argillite. Fig. 6.—Slumped conglomerate in Piripauan Sandstone. (Adjacent to Fig. 3.) Plate 34 Fig. 1.—Greensand dyke in Mungaroa Limestone at Limestone. Hill. Note thickening of beds next to dyke and vertical offset of beds on either side; the bed above the hammer head intrudes the dyke. Figs. 2 and 3.—Comma folds at Limestone Hill. Beds average 10in thick. Plate 35 Fig. 1.—Lower extremity of a 60ft long drag fold. Mungaroa Limestone, Te Kau Kau Point. Note how passages of thrust fault into bedding plane slide allows attenuation with least distortion. (Photo: D. Kelly.) Fig. 2.—General view of slumped limestones, same locality as 1. Fig. 3.—Slump Drag-Folds in Amuri Limestone, Kaikoura Peninsula, Marlborough. (Photo: G. Shaw.) Plate 36 Fig. 1.—Diapiric Fold in Mungaroa Limestone at White Rock. Note plastic unbroken form of beds and steep plunge of fold axis towards the viewer. Plate 37 Fig 2—Vertical aerial mosaic of Mayor Island Mosaic constructed by NZ Aerial Mapping Ltd and reproduced by permission of the Surveyor-General, Lands and Survey Department, Wellington. Plate 38 Fig. 1.—Dentalium nanum Hutton, type. Fig. 2.—Dentalium diarrhox Watson, Chatham Rise. Fig. 3.—Dentallum tiwhana Dell, Chatham Rise. Fig. 4.—Dentalium nanum Hutton, Pickersgill Harbour. Fig. 5.—Dentalium nanum Hutton (Type of Dentalium marwicki Mestayer). Figs. 6, 7.—Dentalium tiwhana Dell, Chatham Rise. Figs. 8, 9.—Dentalium suteri Emerson, Chatham Islands. (Fig. 9 juvenile). Fig. 10.—Dentalium suteri Emerson, Mernoo Bank. Fig. 11.—Dentalium suteri Emerson Type. Figs. 12, 13.—Dentalium zelandicum (Sowerby). Photo: C. Hale. Plate 39 Fig. 1.—Egg sheet of Octopus maorum, viewed through aquarium glass on which it was laid. × ¼ Three tentacles of octopus (in corner below) wave across eggs. Rejected sea slug moves. away at right. Fig. 2.—Portion of egg sheet being swayed by tentacle sweeping to right, × 3. Plate 40 Fig. 3.—Cluster of egg capsules, showing late stage embryos, × 8. Fig. 4.—Octopus hatching, × 8. Plate 41 Fig. 5.—Egg sheet on day when hatching began, showing usual brooding position of mother octopus, × 0.3. Figs. 6–9.—Young octopuses on day of hatching, showing various swimming positions, × 8. Fig. 6—Siphon pointing towards head, mantle expanded. Fig. 7.—Mantle contracts, whereupon jet through siphon sends larva to left. Fig. 8—Pause. Spreading of tentacles increases surface area, slows sinking. Fig. 9.—Siphon directed away from teatacles reverses direction of swimming Plate 42 Fig. 1.—An adult Kauri growing above regenerating Leptospermum scrubland Fig. 2.—A Kauri ricker Fig. 3.—A Leptospermum community, small seedlings of Kauri are to be found beneath the fern (Gleichenia sp.) Fig. 4—Transitional Leptospermum-A gathis community, numbers of Kaun saplings of various sizes can be seen. Plate 43 Fig. 1.—The Kauri ricker community Fig. 2.—The Kauri “grass” and a number of the characteristic species are shown. Fig. 3.—A seed trap in the Kauri forest Plate 44 Kauri seedlings Fig. 1.—Individuals of Classes I, II, and III The Class I seedling second from left. Fig. 2.—Class II Fig. 3.—Small individual of Class IV. Plate 45 Carex raoulii Type (right-hand specimen) mounted on same sheet as a specimen of C. goyenii (Herb. Kew.) Plate 46 Fig 1—T S. N. edgerleyi Fig 2—T S. N. colenson Fig 3—L. T.S. N. edgerleyi Fig 4—T S. N. anomalum Fig 5—T S. P. lessonn Fig 6—L. T.S. P. crassifolium Plate 47 Photo 1—The Port Nicholson tectonic basin and Wellington Fault scap viewed from south Photo 2—Marine teriaces at Baring Head, tilted down towards the axis of the Port Nicholson basin The highest terrace (on the ridge between the neare and farther river valley—Orongorongo and Wamui-o-mata) is at an altitude of about 350 m On the distant skyline tectonic blocks NW of the basin are seen in profile In the foreground, east of Baring Head is a recently emerged strip of coastal plain carrying raised beaches Plate 48 Photo 3—The Wellington Fault furrow and scarp (cf Figs. 1. 5), Port Nicholson, and (real centre) the corridor, or “sunkland,” branching northward into the Poruua Harbour basin A trailing pattern of streams tributary to Silver Stream (in the lineament furrow) is seen in the left foreground and supports a theory of prolonged transcurrent drift and distributed faulting Lineaments parallel to the main fault are seen also, notching the spurs between these Photo 4—View looking east across K Surface remnants (altitude 400 and 440 m) on the divide between the Porirua Harbour basin and the Hutt Valley Beyond these is the Upper Hutt Valley where the K Surface is warped down Plate 49 Photo 5—View eastward over the down-warped Porirua Harbour basin Beyond it are tectonic blocks The latest drowning is due to the Flandrian transgression The K Surface is seen on the ridge in the foreground Photo 6—View looking S. W. over the Pukerua corridor and “pediment”, Pukerua tectonic ridge, and Mana Island Photo 7—View looking north across the Porirua Harbour basin showing the Pukerua corridor branching northward from it Plate 50 Photo 8—View looking north across the western part of the Wellington Peninsula (cf Fig. 7) Rectilinear Warariki valley at right, dissected dome of upheaval at left, fault-angle valleys at left rear, large level remnant of K Surface at right rear Photo 9—View looking west along the south coast of Wellington Peninsula, showing a synclinal sag in the axis of which is the Karori valley, between distant and foreground highs The Tongue Point marine terrace at left, is just beyond the mouth of Karori Stream Plate 51 Photo 10—View looking south down the winding lower reaches of the Karori valley (cf Fig. 7) from a point above the low Makara-Karori migrating divide On summits at the right are small relics of the K Surface, which were reported by Gage (1940 p. 403) Plate 52 Photo 11—Eastern part of the Wellington Peninsula, showing Wellington Fault furrow (WF) and Owhiro rectilinear furrow (O) S shutter ridges Plate 53 Figs 1a b–Pseudoxybeloceras aff quadrinodosum (Jumbo) Muzzle River Clarence Valley GS 6317 CD 1062 Natural size lateral view and whorl section Figs 2a b–Hyphantoceras cf reussianum (d'Oibigny) Wharfe Stream Clarence Valley GS 6100 CD Lateral view and whorl section × 2 Figs 3a b c–Wellmanites zelandicus Wright gen Gentle Annie Stream Mangapakeha SD GS 6090 CD 1065 Lateral view whorl section and perpheral view of the holotype × 2 The position of the tubercles is indicated by broken lines Fig 4–Wellmanites zelandicus Wright Gentle Annie Stream GS 6090. CE 1071 Lateral view of paratype × 4 Figs 5a b–Wellmanites zelandicus Wright Gentle Annie Stream GS 6090. CE 1070 Peripheral view and sketch of paratype × 2 to show the long sharp spines on the test, corresponding with internal tubercles Fig. 6–Otoscaphites awanatensis Wright Mouth of Watotautu Stream Port Awanui GS 6511 CE 1380 Late cast of paratype × 3 Fig 7 a b–Otoscaphites awanatensis Wright Mouth of Watotautu Stream Port Awanui GS 6511 CE 1379 peripheral view and lateral view of holotype × 2 Plate 54 Puzosia sp. Bushgrove Stream, Mangapakcha SD, GS 1843, CE 977 Natural size, lateral and peripheral views Plate 55 Fig. 1.—The southern peak of Mt Mochau In the foreground is a flat boggy area above the bush-line on the south-eastern face. The actual summit peak is to the right of the photograph. Fig. 2.—The sphagnum bog area, looking eastward Many frogs are found under the boulders and stumps. Plate 56 Fig. 1—Looking from the summit eastward down the slope towards Stony Bay Fig. 2.—Further down the same slope Adults and eggs of L. archeyi are found under the many fallen logs and stumps Plate 57 Fig. 1.—A. patch of bush on the eastern face of the Tokatea Ridge, north of the saddle L. archeyi and L. hochstetten were first discovered together here in 1944 Fig. 2.—The interior of the same bush The frogs are found beneath stones on the forest floor The tough stems of supplejack are conspicuous. Plate 58 Fig 1.—L. hochstetten, × 3 (Neg Mr. W. Brackenbury). Fig. 2.—An egg cluster of L. archeyi, photographed in the field The covering stump has been pulled away and the eggs lie exposed on a bed of earth and rotting wood in the centre of the photograph Fig. 3.—Eggs of L. archeyi. laid in the laboratory after an injection of anterior pituitary from Rana × 7 (Neg the late Mr. F. J. Pittock FRPS) Plate 59