New Entities in the Chlorophyceae of New Zealand

Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Volume 80, 1952, Page 47

New Entities in the Chlorophyceae of New Zealand By V. J. Chapman, University College, Auckland [Read before the Auckland Institute, June 20, 1951; received by the Editor, June 20, 1951] Summary The following new genera and species from New Zealand are described and figured: Letterstedtia stipita, Campbell Is.; Letterstedtia ulvoidca, Dusky Sound; Lobata nov. gen—type species, Lobata phyllosa n.sp., Tauranga Bay; Lobata foliosa, Catlins district; Gemina nov. gen.—type species, Gemina enteromorphoidea n.sp., Stewait Is; Gemina ulvoidea, Stewart Is; Gemina letterstedtioidea, Auckland Is. Gemina clavata, Campbell Is; Gemina linzoidea, Stewart Is.; Capsosiphon aurea, Russell; Capsosiphonaceae nov fam.; Rama nov. gen.—type species Rama novae zelandiae (J. Ag.) n. comb.; Rama antarctica, Campbell Is. ULVACEAE 1 Letterstedtia stipita sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Thallo stipitato, stipite inter brevem et longum variante, in lobum expansum cuneatum procedente, stipite raro simplici, saepius ramoso, plantis ad 5 cm. longis, 5 cm. latis, parte expansa saepe lacerata; cellulis irregulariter dispositis 13–15μ diametro, 33 5μ altis in T.S.; membrana partis expansae 86μ lata. 5μ crassa extrinsecus; plantis viridibus. Fig. 1 Letterstedtia stipita (a) Plant. (b) Cells of blade. (c) Membrane of stipe region. (d) Membrane of blade. (e) T. S. stipe region. Thallus stipitate, stipe short to long, developing into an expanded cuneate lobe, stipe rarely simple, more often branched, plants up to 5 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, expanded portion often lacerate; cells irregularly arranged. 13–15μ diameter, 33 5μ high in T. S., membrane of expanded part 86μ wide, 5μ thick on the outside; plants green, not adhering to paper. Type specimen in Herb. P.R. B., No. 69,398, from Campbell Is. (west end)

Distribution. Local: St. Clair, Campbell Is. In the typical form this species is quite distinct from L. petiolata* See Laing, Trans. N. Z. Inst., 1926, 57, p. 133., but in some states the only means of distinguishing it is to measure the cells and the membrane. 2. Letterstedtia ulvoidea sp. nov. (Fig. 2) Thallo breviter stipitato. formante laminam medialem planam e qua expansiones lobatae a basi attenuata oriuntur. lamina mediali perforata, lobis orbicularibus, planta tota ad 20 cm. diametro; cellulis 11–19μ, plerumque 13–15μ diametro, interdum per ordines breves dispositis, 15μ altis in lobis, 27–30μ altis in parte basali arctiore, duabus seriebus cellularum in parte basali per cellulas interstitiales parietibus crassis separatis; membrana 38μ lata in lobis, parietibus non crassatis, 76–80μ latis in basi parietibus crassatis; colore grammo-viridi. Fig. 2—Letterstedtia ulvoidea (a) T.S stipe. (b) Membrane of stipe region. (c) Cells of blade (d) Membrane of blade. Thallus briefly stipitate, forming a flat central sheet from which lobed expansions arise from an attenuate base, central sheet perforate, lobes orbicular, entire plant up to 20 cm diameter; cells 11–19μ. average 13–15μ diameter, sometimes in short rows, 15μ high in the lobes, 27–30μ high in narrower basal portion, the two layers of cells in the basal portion separated by interstitial cells with thick walls; membrane 38μ wide in lobes. walls unthickened. 76–80μ wide in base with walls thickened; grass-green in colour, adheres well to paper. Type specimen in Herb. P.R. B. No. 55,163, from Dusky Sound. Distribution. Local: Dusky Sound, Kohaihai. This species combines the habit of an Ulva with the microscopie structure of a Letterstedtia. It is evident that the demarcation between the two genera is somewhat obscure. If the structure of the petiolar portion is regarded as a characteristic feature of Letterstedtia, then this plant, although more like an Ulva in appearance, must be classed as a Letterstedtia. Lobata gen. nov. Fronde elongata, axiale parte lobos latos ferente, membranaceosa, plana, cellulis distromaticis, appressis in lobis marginalis, in parte axis separantibus; organis generationis in partis cellulis axiali. Frond elongate, with axis portion bearing lateral lobes, membranaceous, flat, consisting of two layers of cells, appressed in the marginal lobes. separated in axis; reproductive bodies produced in certain cells of axis portion. Type species Lobata phyllosa.

Lobata phllosa (× )

Top: Gemina ulioidca (× ⅔). Bottom Gemina (× ⅓).

1. Lobata phyllosa sp. nov. (Plate 21, Fig. 3) Fronde lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata, simplicr vel ramosa, ad 59 cm. longa, 4 cm. lata, ex stipite brevi oriente; parte superiore frondis constante e medial· parte axiali lobos latos frondosos distichosos ferente; cellulis partis axialis 13μ plerumque diametro, 41μ altis in T.S. cum prolongationibus in regionem medialem; cellulis loborum 14–15μ plerumque diametro, 30μ altis in T.S. sine prolongationibus, membrana loborum 75μ crassa, externe ad 5μ crassa; membrana axis 150–206μ, pariete exteriore ad 22μ crasso; colore gramino-viridi. Fig. 3—Lobata phyllosa. (a, c) Membrane central region. (b) Membrane lateral portion. (d, e) Cells. Frond lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, simple or branched, up to 59 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, arising from a short stipe; upper part of frond consisting of a central axis-like portion, bearing broad leafy distichous lobes; cells of axis portion 13μ average diameter, 41μ high in T. S. with prolongations into central region; cells of lobes 14–15μ average diameter, 30μ high in T. S. without prolongations; membrane of lobes 75μ thick, outer wall up to 5μ thick; membrane of axis 150–206μ. outer wall up to 22μ thick; colour bright grass-green; adheres well to paper. Type specimen in Herb. P.R.B., No 38.129, from Tauranga Bay (Westport). Distribution. Local. Lyall Bay, Tauranga Bay, Kowhaihai, Karamea, Chalky Inlet, Chatham Is. This species is very characteristic and can only be confused with L. foliosa, from which it differs in the brighter green colour, the greater length and narrower width, and in the greater thickness of the membrane. In so far as the axis portion differs from the lobes, the species is intermediate between Ulva and Letterstedtia. It was originally believed to be a new species of Ulva (see label in Pl. 21 photograph), but further study and the discovery of another species indicated that it should be removed from Ulva. 2 Lobata foliosa sp. nov. (Fig. 4) Fronde lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata, ad 30 cm. longa, 8 cm. lata, ramosa ex parte basali expansiore, a stipite brevi oriente; ramis constantibus e mediali

parte axiali appendices lobatas ferente; cellulis partis axialis 5–11μ, plerumque 8μ diametro, 26μ altis in T.S.; cellulis loborum 11–18μ, plerumque 15–16μ diametro, 26μ altis in T.S.; membrana loborum 54μ crassa, parietibus vix crassatis; membrana axis 80–90μ crassa, pariete exteriore ad 11μ crasso, interdum cum prolongationibus e cellulis in materiam interstitialem; cellulis generationis ad mediale parte restrictis; colore gramino-viridi. Frond lanceolate or broadly linear-lanceolate, up to 30 cm. long and 8 cm. wide, sometimes branched from a more expanded basal portion, arising from a short stipe; branches consisting of a central axis portion bearing lobed appendages; cells of axis 5–11μ, average 8μ diameter, 26μ high in T.S.; cells of lobes 11–18μ, average 15–16μ diameter, 26μ high in T.S.; membrane of lobes 54–65μ thick, walls scarcely thickened; membrane of axis 80–90μ thick, outer wall up to 11μ thick, occasional prolongations from cells into interstitial material; reproductive cells apparently restricted to axial region, swelling to 30μ; colour pale grass-green; adheres moderately to paper. Type specimen in Herb. P.R.B., No. 69,149, from Catlins District. Distribution. Local: Levin, Waipapa boatshed, Gore Bay, Wellington Heads, Karaka Bay, Lyall Bay, Tauranga Bay, Tautuku Bay (Catlins District), Timaru, St. Clair, Auckland Is., Chatham Is. Fig. 4—Lobata foliosa. (a) Cells of lateral portion. (b) Cells of central portion. (c) Membrane of central portion. (d) Membrane of lateral portion. (e) T.S. of central portion with reproductive cells? One of the most interesting features of this species was the presence, in one of the herbarium specimens, of large swollen cells in the axis portion (Fig. 4). These cells contained rounded bodies and it is believed that they represent the reproductive cells. If this is correct, we have here a species in which certain cells become modified for reproduction and are restricted to a portion of the thallus. Exactly similar cells were seen in a Californian specimen collected in the Gulf of California by Dr. Yale Dawson.

Gemina nov. gen. Thallo filamentoso vel foliaceoso, distromatico, stipite vel praedito vel non praedito; cellulis intra membranam parentalem in pares dispositis, rarius in ternas vel quaternas, longis et arctis in T.S.; organis generationis in partis cellulis ad basem. Thallus filamentous or foliaceous, distromatic, with or without a stipe; cells in pairs within the parent membrane, less frequently in threes or fours, long, narrow and conical in transverse section; reproductive bodies in special cells at base of thallus. Type species: Gemina enteromorphoidea. This is a remarkable genus because it combines the characters of Enteromorpha, Ulva and Capsosiphon. The species are all characterised by the regular paired arrangement of the cells, the pairs commonly being themselves arranged in short rows. G. enteromorphoidea has the exact appearance of an Enteromorpha whilst G. ulvoidea looks like a species of Ulva. In the cell arrangement the genus agrees with Capsosiphon, but the thallus is never tubular, always distromatic, and there are no areolae. 1. Gemina enteromorphoidea sp. nov. (Fig. 5) Planta simplici, compressa, ad 37 cm. longa, 5 mm. lata, tubulosa, ad stipitem attenuata, per discum minutum scutatum adfixa; cellulis parvis 3.75–9·3μ, plerumque 5.5μ diametro, in pares vel quaternas distincte dispositis, paribus ipsis in series breves dispositis membranis singulis 36μ latis, pariete exteriore 5μ crasso, pariete interiore 4μ, cellulis 27μ altis; colore fusco-gramino-viridi vel oleagineo. Fig. 5—Gemina enteromorphoidea. (a) Membrane. (b–d) Cells in surface view. (e) T.S. of thallus Plant simple, compressed, up to 37 cm. long and 5 mm. wide, tubulose, attenuate to the stipe, attached by a minute scutate disc; cells small, 3.75–9·3μ, average 5.5μ diameter, arranged in distinct pairs or fours, the pairs themselves in short rows; single membrane 36μ wide, the outer wall 5μ thick, the inner 4μ, the cells 27μ high in T.S.; colour deep grass-green or olive-green, adhering moderately to paper. Type specimen in Herb. Auckland Institute from Stewart Island.

Distribution. Local: Stewart Is., Campbell Is. This is a very remarkable species, particularly in view of the relationships with allied genera. The arrangement of the cells in pairs or fours is characteristic of the genus Capsosiphon, but there is no evidence of any parent mother cell membranes, nor are there any areolae. Except for the absence of areolae, the species would be very similar to Capsosiphon aurea (see p. 54). In fact, this species, C. aurea and C. fulvescens form a definite series from the normal Enteromorpha type of construction to the normal Capsosiphon type of construction. The small size of the cells suggests that it is allied to Enteromorpha bulbosa, though it differs in the cell arrangement and also in the very elongate cells as seen in T.S. Another interesting feature is seen in the fusion of the central part of the tube to produce an Ulva-like arrangement. In this respect, together with Ulva atroviridis of South Africa, it forms a transitional form between the Enteromorpha and Ulva types of construction. 2. Gemina ulvoidea sp. nov. (Plate 22) Thallo membranaceoso, frondem complanatam expansam ad 13 cm. longam, 7 cm. latam formante, perforato; cellulis parvis, 3.75–9.3μ diametro, in pares vel quaternas dispositis, paribus interdum in series breves dispositis; cellulis 27μ altis in T.S., membrana 70–76μ crassa, pariete exteriore ad 5μ crasso. Plant simple, membranaceous, forming a flattened expanded frond up to 13 cm. long and 7 cm. wide, perforated; cells small, 3.75–9.3μ diameter, in pairs or fours, the pairs sometimes arranged in short rows; cells 27μ high in T.S., membrane 70–76μ thick, the outer wall up to 5μ thick. Type specimen in Herb. Auckland Institute from Stewart Island. Distribution. Local: Lyall Bay, Stewart Is. This remarkable form collected by Mr. V. W. Lindauer has the same microscopical features as the preceding species, but differs from it in habit. Another specimen which appears referable to this species has been collected from Lyall Bay. 3. Gemina letterstedtioidea sp. nov. (Fig. 6) Thallo membranaceoso, compresso, ad 8 cm. longo, 1 cm. lato, ad stipitem attenuato; plantis integris vel perforatis, simplicibus vel ramosis, thallo primario vel ramis linearibus vel in lobum expansis; cellulis 7.5–11μ diametro, plerumque 8μ, in pares dispositis, paribus in series breves dispositis, 49μ altis in T.S., membrana 116μ lata, pariete exteriore ad 7μ crasso. Thallus membranaceous, compressed, up to 8 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, attenuate to a stipe; plants entire or perforate, simple or branched, main thallus or branches linear or expanding into a lobe; cells 7.5–11μ diameter, average 8μ, in pairs, the pairs in short rows, 49μ high in T.S.; membrane 116μ wide, the Fig. 6. Gemina letterstedtioidea. (a) Membrane. (b) Cells.

outer wall up to 7μ thick. Type specimen in Herb. P.R.B., No. 44,096, from Auckland Is. Distribution. Local: Campbell Is., Auckland Is. This member of the genus has a remarkable superficial resemblance to Letterstedtia, but microscopically the paired arrangement of the cells places it in this genus. 4. Gemina clavata sp. nov. (Fig. 7) Thallo simplici, minuto, ad 1.5 cm. alto, 0·5 cm. lato, clavato, contorto, ad arctum stipitem repente attenuato; cellulis parvis 3.5–9μ diametro, 27μ altis, intra parietem parentalem cellularum in pares vel quaternas dispositis; membrana 70–76μ lata; colore fusco-viridi. Fig. 7—(I) Gemina clavata, plants. (II) G. linzoidea. (a) Cells. (b) Membrane. Thallus simple, minute, up to 1.5 cm. tall and 0.5 cm. wide, clavate, contorted, attenuate sharply to a narrow stipe; cells small, 3.5–9μ diameter, 27μ high, in pairs or fours within the parent cell wall; membrane 70–76μ wide; brownish-green in colour. Type specimen in Herb. P.R.B., No. 62,450, from Campbell Is. Co-type in Auckland Institute. Distribution. Local: Campbell Is. The data on the herbarium sheet are not sufficient to indicate whether this is a habitat form or not. It differs so markedly from the other species that it seems unlikely that it can be merely a habitat variation. 5. Gemina linzoidea sp. nov. (Plate 22, Figs. 7 and 8) Planta ad 27 cm. longa, 6 cm. lata, in parte latissima, paulatim in regionem stipitis decrescente; parte superiore frondis laciniata, integra vel perforata; cellulis in pares, rarius in trinas vel quaternas dispositis, membrana parentali circumventis; cellulis 5–9μ, plerumque 7μ diametro, 41–49μ altis in T.S., conicis, membrana 116–131μ, pariete exteriore 4–7μ crasso; colore oleagineo-viridi. Plant up to 27 cm. long and 6 cm. at the widest part, narrowing gradually to a stipe region; upper part of blade laciniate, entire or perforate; cells in pairs, more rarely in three or fours, surrounded by parent membrane; cells 5–9μ, average 7μ diameter, 41–49μ high in T.S., conical; membrane 116–131μ, outer wall 4–7μ thick; olive-green; adheres imperfectly to paper. Type specimen in Herb. V. W. Lindauer from Stewart Is. Distribution. Local: Stewart Island. This species differs distinctly from all the others and is named for its superficial resemblance to Ulva linza. Present evidence suggests that it probably has a wider distribution. By chance a specimen, agreeing in all characters, was encountered in Leiden Herbarium (Herb. Lug. Bat., 939/23/232 ex Herb. Hauck) and labelled Phycoseris lobata B africana, though no description appears to

have been published. The form of the plant was very similar to the one found in New Zealand and the microscopical anatomy was identical. The most important feature of this plant was the discovery of the reproductive cells towards the base of the thallus. Only certain cells appear capable of producing swarmers, instead of all the cells as in Ulva. (Fig. 8) In this respect the plants are like Lobata. These cells are very conspicuous because of their size. They are not sunk in the thallus as they are in Lobata. Fig. 8—Gemina linzoidea. Top: Reproductive and vegetative cells seen in surface view. Below: The same in section. (Leiden specimen.) Capsosiphon Gobi Capsosiphon aurea sp. nov. (Fig. 9) Plantis filamentosis, tubularibus, ad 4 cm. longis, 2·5 mm. latis, colore fulvo vel aureo, per discum basalem adfixis; cellulis vel binis vel quaternis per ordines longitudinales et horizontales dispositis, catervis ordinum longitudinalium laxe conexis; cellulis vegetativis 5.5–11.2μ diametro, cellulis generatibus 11·2–13μ Fig. 9. Capsosiphon aurea. (a) Plant. (b) Cells of old thallus. (c) Cells of young branch. (d) Membrane. (e) Apex of young branch. (f) Plantling.

dia., celluls filamentorum novellorum plerumque in pares dispositis, interdum elongatis, 3·75–7·5μ longis; membrana 15–21μ lata, cellulis 7·5–11·2μ dia., plus minusve sphericis; generatione per ? aplanasporas, et quaque cellula octonas. Plants filamentous, tubular, up to 4 cm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, brown or golden in colour, attached by a basal disc; cells in twos and fours, arranged in longitudinal and horizontal series, groups of the longitudinal series loosely connected; vegetative cells 5·5–11.2μ diameter, reproductive cells 11.2–3μ diameter, cells in young filaments usually in pairs, sometimes elongate, 3·75 × 7·5μ long; membrane 15–21μ wide, cells 7·5–11·2μ diameter, more or less spherical; reproduction by ? aplanospores, 8 per cell. Type specimen in Herb. Auckland Institute from ditch at Russell (V.W.L. No. 9065). Distribution. Local: Russell (Bay of Islands). This plant is extremely interesting, because it is clearly a Capsosiphon, yet it differs in certain important respects from C. fulvescens, the only other known species. In C. fulvescens the pairs of cells are retained within the sheath of the parent cell in a Gloeocapsa-like form. In C. aurea there is no distinct parent mother cell sheath Both species are tubular, lubricous and with the longitudinal series of cells loosely connected. In C. fulvescens each row of cells separates, in C. aurea several rows separate together. Except for its tubular nature the construction of C. aurea is very akin to that of a Prasiola. Members of the genus Prasiola are always flat plates, whereas Capsosiphon is tubular. Ecologically, C. fulvescens and C. aurea are similar, because both are found in streams where the plants are subjected to tidal influence twice daily. In view of the similarities between C. aurea and Prasiola, it is considered desirable to remove Capsosiphon from the Ulvaceae and create a separate family, the Capsosiphonaceae, which lies between the Ulvaceae and the Prasiolaceae. The family also differs from the Ulvaceae in the method of reproduction, as there is no evidence of sexual or asexual swarmers. Capsosiphonaceae Nov. Fam. Thallo membranaceoso, tubulo, membrana monostromatica, per discum adherente; cellulis uninucleis cum uno chloroplastio, vel binis vel quaternis in seriebus longitudinalibus dispositis; generationis ad aplanosporas. Thallus membranaceous, tubular, with wall of a single layer of cells, attached by a disc; cells uninucleate with a single chloroplast, arranged in twos and fours in distinct longitudinal series; reproduction by aplanospores. Cladophoraceae Rama Gen. Nov. Filamentis prostratis, contortis, unae series cellularum compositis, sparsis ramosis a basalem, ramis rhizoidalibus unicellularibus; chloroplastio reticulato, parieto, pyrenoidis numerosis. Filaments prostrate, tangled, formed of a single series of cells, branched very sparsely at the base, with few rhizoidal outgrowths of single cells; chloroplast reticulate, parietal, with numerous pyrenoids. Type species, Rama novae zelandiae. This genus has been created to take three species with sparse branching like a Cladophora, but with rhizoidal outgrowths like a Rhizoclonium. The species are not well known and the method of reproduction has not been studied. It contains two species that J. Agardh (1877) described from New Zealand and placed in the genus Chaetomorpha De Toni (1881) transferred these species,

because of the branching, to Cladophora. The degree of branching is so slight and so restricted that they are unlike any other species of Cladophora. The species with nearest affinity appears to be C. verticillata. 1. Rama longiarticulata J. Ag. (Fig. 10) De Toni, Syll. Alg., p. 332, 1889; J. Ag; De Alg. Nov. Zel. Mar., p. 2, 1877; Laing, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 57, 134, 1926. Plant decumbent, attached at first by rhizoids, then free-floating; rhizoids few at the base, filaments sparsely branched at base, branches simple, very long, capillary, cells 33–40μ wide, 4–8 times longer than broad; light green; does not adhere to paper. Fig. 10. Rama longiarticulata. (a) Basal region. (b) Rhizoid. (c) Terminal portion of filament. Distribution. Local: Banks Peninsula, Chatham Is. Endemic. This species appears to lie on the border between Chaetomorpha and Rhizoclonium. There is no branching in the specimen examined,* Plant collected by Berggren and identified by J. Agardh and now in the herbarium of the Auckland Institute. although such is described by Agardh. It is on account of this reported branching that it is removed to the new genus. The attachment rhizoids have some similarity to those of Rhizoclonium, but they are restricted in their position. The species is much less like a Rhizoclonium than R. novae zelandiae and R. antarcticum. 2. Rama novae zelandiae (J. Ag.) nov. comb. (Fig. 11) De Toni, Syll. Alg., vol. I, p. 332, 1889. as Cladophora novae zelandiae; J. Ag., De Alg. Nov. Zel. Mar., p. 2, 1877. as Lychaete novae zelandiae. Thallus caespitose, decumbent, attached at first, then floating; lower filaments prostrate, with rhizoidal branches, sparsely branched, branches very long, rarely rebranched and with occasional rhizoidal outgrowths; cells 75–95μ wide, walls thick, 1 ½–2 ½ times as long as broad. Distribution. Local: Russell, Otago. Warrington, and probably elsewhere. Endemic. The problem of this species was solved by the discovery of a specimen identified by J. Agardh in the herbarium of the Auckland Institute. Until this specimen was found the author was of the opinion that Rhizoclonium hookeri existed in a simple and branched form. It now appears that R. hookeri has rather narrower filaments and is unbranched, whilst this species has broader filaments (75–95μ as against 47–70μ) and is branched at the base. The presence of the unicellular rhizoidal branches would seem to remove it from the genus Cladophora, where it was placed by De Toni, though in possessing branches and rhizoids it is approaching members of the subgenus Spongomorpha. It differs from species of Spongomorpha in being very loose.

Fig. 11—Rama novae zelandiae. Basal region with rhizoid and branching. 3. Rama antarctica sp. nov. (Fig. 12) Filamentis rigidis, interdum per cellulam basalem ecolorem immutatam adhaerentibus, valde pullis, in fusca aresccntibus, laxe intertortis, ad basim ramosis; cellulis 111–126μ diametro, 1–1½-cies longioribus quam latioribus, parietibus 15–22μ crassis, paulum lamellatis; ramis rhizoidalibus unicellularibus, e cellula materna orientibus, perbrevibus, saepe ad aliud filamentum adhaerentibus. Fig. 12. Rama antarctica. (a) Rhizoid. (b) Branched thallus. (c, d) Filaments united by rhizoids. Filaments rigid, sometimes attached by a modified colourless basal cell, very dark green, becoming brownish when dry, loosely intertwined, branched near the base; cells 111–126μ diameter, 1–1½ times as long as broad, walls 15–22μ thick, slightly lamellate; rhizoidal branches present, unicellular, arising from parent cell, very short, often attached to a second filament; does not adhere to paper. Type specimen in Herb. P. R.B., No. 67,807, from Campbell Is. Distribution. Local: Snares. Auckland Is., Campbell Is.

This species is close to Rhizoclonium hookeri, from which it differs by its greater size and coarseness. There is also the branching of the filaments and the habit of the rhizoids to attach themselves to other filaments. The distribution of the species shows that it is quite clearly a subantarctic form. I am grateful to D.S.I.R. for permission to examine material in the herbarium of the Plant Research Bureau, to the Auckland Institute for permission to examine material in the herbarium, to Canterbury University College for the loan of the Laing Collection, to Mr. V. W. Lindauer, of Russell, for much material and use of his herbarium, to Mr. L. W. Crawley, of the Classics Department of Auckland University College, for all the Latin diagnoses except that of the family Capsosiphonaceae and that of the genus Rama, and to Miss S. Baker, of my department, for taking the photographs. Literature Agardh, J., 1877. De Algis Novae Zelandiae Marinis. Lunds. Univ. Arssk., 14. De Toni, G., 1889. Sylloge Algarum, vol. 1. Patavii. Laing, R. M., 1926. A Reference List of New Zealand Marine Algae. Trans. N.Z. Inst., 57, p. 126.