Art. XXXIII.—Notes on the New Zealand Species of the Genus Andreæa, together with Descriptions of some New Species.

Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Volume 25, 1892, Page 276

Art. XXXIII.—Notes on the New Zealand Species of the Genus Andreæa, together with Descriptions of some New Species. By R. Brown. [Read before the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury, 2nd November, 1892.] Plates XXI.-XXXI. (in Part). The following account of the genus Andreœa as it occurs in New Zealand is a portion of the results of ten years’ work, studying and collecting the Musci of New Zealand in their native habitats, and figuring the various species and varieties with the camera lucida. All the plants described have been collected by myself, many of them in localities previously unbotanized, notably the Clinton Pass, Sutherland Falls, South Fjord of Lake Te Anau, in Otago; Moa Creek, Walker's Pass, the Craigieburn and Puketeraki Mountains, in Canterbury; and the western slopes of the Southern Alps in Westland; together with Mount Thompson and the Ruggedy Mountains in Stewart Island. I am with reluctance approaching this subject prematurely, much remaining yet to do, but from circumstances which have recently transpired I am forced to do so in order to protect my own rights; for, acting on the suggestion of the late Sir Julius von Haast, I presented nearly all my specimens and camera-lucida drawings to the Christchurch Museum, where they remain for any one to describe who may think fit to rob me of my hard-earned rights. The genus Andreœa in New Zealand, as in other countries, comprises species of an alpine or subalpine character, only growing under an elevation of 2,000ft. when exposed to a constant stream of moist air in exceptionally cold localities. They are found in rocky situations, often growing under great difficulties, their roots fixed in rocky depressions, which after rain retain a few drops of moisture, exposed at the same time to the full heat of the sun, and to periods of drought which would utterly destroy them were they not possessed of the power to extract moisture from the air. I have often, when collecting these plants in dry weather, had to moisten them with saliva, whereupon the apparently dead plant, owing to its hygrometric leaves, would revive. With regard to the leaves, those found about the middle of the stem have in many of the species much resemblance to each other, varying principally in breadth and obliqueness. This is very perplexing, so I have adopted the plan of figuring all the leaves from base to apex of the plant, including the perichætial,

these latter being of the greatest importance in the determination of species. following this plan, a graduated series is found in the shape of the leaves, beginning with those at the base and running up to the perichætial. Thus, I do not think there should be any difficulty in recognising the new species here described. All the Andreæas described in the Handbook are figured in the “Flora Antarctica” except Andreœa petrophila, and are there available for reference. To complete the series, I have added drawings of A. petrophila, taken from a Swedish specimen (Pl. XXXI.). The perichætial leaves are large in all the New Zealand species except A. subulata, in which they are described in the Handbook as small and inconspicuous. This plant I have never seen. These leaves play an important part in protecting the young capsule from being destroyed by great extremes of temperature. In three of the species the vaginula has been found sessile and the spores appeared to have matured, while on the same plants were found the remains of the previous year's capsule with a stalked vaginula, showing that this stalk had been subsequently developed. With regard to distribution, some of the species are very common, while others are extremely local, A. aquaticus and A. aquatilis having been found in one locality only. The following arrangement of the species of this genus in its enlarged state is that adopted by Sir J. D. Hooker in the Handbook, and is intended to place the plants in the position they relatively hold. In the present condition of the genus it is perhaps the best, as it is not known how many of the species are diœcious:— Nerveless. A. acutifolia, Hook. and Wils. A. gibbosa, sp. nov. A. petrophila, Ehrk. A. dioica, sp. nov. A. minuta, sp. nov.. A. novæ-zelandiæ,sp. nov. A. wrightii, sp. nov. A. mutabilis, Hook, f. A. flexuosa, sp. nov. A. huttoni, sp. nov. A. nitida, Hook. and Wils. A. aquatica, sp. nov. Nerved. A. subulata, Harv. A. dicranioides, sp. nov. A. ovalifolia, sp. nov.

A. apiculata, sp. nov. A. cockaynei, sp. nov. A. jonesii, sp. nov. A. clintoniensis, sp. nov. A. lanceolata, sp. nov. A. aquatilis, sp. nov. Andreæa gibbosa, sp. nov. Plate XXI. Plants small, densely tufted, about ¼in. high, fastigiately branched. Leaves dark reddish-brown, small, densely imbricating, erecto-patent, slightly incurved towards the tips, subulate-lanceolate, acute, concave, sheathing and gibbous at the base, margins entire, nerveless; perichætial large, erect, not gibbous at base, inner pair elliptic-lanceolate, acute, convolute, sheathing, outer pair lanceolate, acute, nerveless, minutely papillose. Hab. Moa Creek, on rocks; June, 1885. Port Hills; 1883. Andreæa dioica, sp. nov. Plate XXI. Plants very small and densely tufted. Stem from ⅛in. to ½in. long, fastigiately branched. Leaves brownish-green, lower extremely small, deltoid, acute, becoming larger immediately below the perichætial leaves, then ovate-subulate, acute, very concave, margins entire, nerveless, minutely papillose on the back, appressed when dry; perichætial large, erect, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, slightly cucullate, semi-convolute, margins incurved. Capsule subrotund, apiculate. Diœcious. Hab. On rocks, Moa Creek; June, 1885. Andreæa minuta, sp. nov. Plate XXI. Plants very small, densely tufted. Stem 1/16in. long or more, fastigiately branched. Leaves brown, erecto-patent, imbricating, ovate-subulate, acute, oblique, margins entire or minutely papillose near the apex, nerveless, concave, papillose on the back, appressed when dry; perichætial larger, erect, outer pair larger than the inner, semi-convolute, broadly oblong-lanceolate, acute, inner pair ovate-lanceolate, acute, nerveless, papillose. Hab. On rocks, Moa Creek; June, 1885. Andreæa novæ-zelandiæ, sp. nov. Plate XXII. Plants small, densely tufted. Stem from ¼in. to ½in. long, fastigiately branched. Leaves dark red-brown, erecto-patent, slightly incurved, lower subulate-lanceolate, acute, upper narrow ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, concave, margins entire, nerveless, appressed when dry; perichætial large, erect, broadly-ovate or oblong-acuminate, slightly incurved near the apex, outer pair convolute, inner pair narrower, concave. Hab. On rocks, Moa Creek; 1885.

Andreæa wrightii, sp. nov. Plate XXII. Plants small, densely tufted, ¼in. long, nearly naked below, fastigiately branched. Leaves closely imbricating, erecto-patent, lower scale-like, middle small, varying from subulate-lanceolate to narrow ovate-lanceolate, acute, upper larger, concave, nerveless, papillose, margins entire; perichætial large, erect, semi-convolute, outer and inner pair sheathing two-thirds of their length, oblong-lanceolate and narrowed into an obtuse cucullate apex, nerveless, appressed when dry. Capsule ovate-apiculate. Hab. Rocks, Moa Creek; June, 1885. Dedicated to Mr. Thomas G. Wright, of Christchurch, an earnest cryptogamic botanist. Andreæa mutabilis, Hook. f. and Wils. (Enlarged and revised description.) Plate XXII. Plants densely tufted. Stem ¼in. to 1in. high, branched. Leaves dark red-brown, erecto-patent, lower deltoid-subulate, acute, middle ovate-lanceolate, tapering into an acute point, upper ovate-subulate, acute, concave, margins entire, nerveless, papillose on the back, often falcate, appressed when dry; perichætial larger, erect, sheathing, convolute, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, nerveless, incurving near the apex. Var. β. All the upper-stem leaves hamulose. Hob. Port Hills; Craigieburn Range, Arthur's Pass, Moa Creek. Var. β. Clinton Valley, Otago. Andreæa flexuosa, sp. nov. Plate XXIII. Plants densely tufted. Stem from ¼in. to ¾in. long, fastigiately branched. Branches short. Leaves erecto-patent, imbricating, dark-brown, flexuous, sheathing near the base, linear-lanceolate, acute, concave, margins entire, nerveless, appressed when dry; perichætial erect, sheathing, convolute, obliquely ovate-subulate, obtuse, slightly cucullate at the apex, nerveless. Hab. Arthur's Pass, on rocks; June, 1884. Moa Creek; June, 1885. Andreæa huttoni, sp. nov. Plate XXIII. Plants growing in small loose tufts. Stems from ¼in. to ½in. long, branched. Leaves red-brown, closely imbricating, erecto-patent, lower small, ovate - subulate, obtuse, oblique, middle ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, oblique margin incurved above the middle, cucullate at the apex, upper larger, nerveless, margins entire, concave; perichætial erect, large, sheathing nearly three-fourths of their length, convolute, narrowed into an obtuse cucullate apex, nerveless, closely appressed when dry. Capsule small.

Hob. Rocks, Moa Creek; 1885. Named in honour of Professor Hutton, of Christchurch. Andreæa aquatica, sp. nov. Plates XXIII. and XXIV. Plants growing in large loose tufts from 1in. to 4in. long. Branches flexuous, long. Leaves large, spreading, very crisp, brownish - green, glossy, middle broadly-ovate or subrotund, upper broadly ovate-acuminate, concave, margins entire, nerveless, scarcely altered when dry; perichætial very large, erect, outer lanceolate, acuminate, concave, inner sheathing, convolute, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, incurved from the middle, nerveless. Capsule very large. Hab. Growing submerged in water on stones in a small stream on Kelly's Hill, Westland, at an altitude of 3,500ft.; November, 1889. The most beautiful of all the New Zealand Andreæas, being finely crisped, and of a shining brown and green colour. Andreæa dicranioides, sp. nov. Plate XXV. Plants growing in dense tufts, fastigiate, 1/3in. to ¾in. long. Leaves red-brown, imbricating, secund, strongly falcate, base concave, narrowly-ovate or linear, tapering rapidly into a long slender point four-fifths of the length of the leaves, nerve slender, sometimes nearly absent. Specimen not in fruit. Hab. Rocks on side of small tarn below Lake Mintaro, Clinton Valley; 1889. Andreæa ovalifolia. sp. nov. Plate XXV. Plants growing in dense tufts from ¼in. to 2in. long. Stems slightly fastigiately branched. Leaves spreading, large, darkbrown, scale-like at the base, middle oval, upper oval, shortly acute or broadly ovate-acute, concave, nerve broad ending about middle, margins entire, appressed when dry; perichætial large, erect, broadly-ovate, ending in a small point, margins entire, nerveless. Hab. Port Hills, on rocks; October, 1883. Mount Torlesse; January, 1886. Waimakariri glaciers; 1890. Mount Bosquet; 1888. Andreæa apiculata, sp. nov. Plate XXVI. Plant loosely tufted, from 1in. to 1.½in. long, slightly branched. Branches slender, fastigiate. Leaves erectopatent, brownish-green, shining, lower scale-like, middle ovateoblong or obovate, rounded into a short acute point, concave, nerve disappearing near the middle, margins entire, upper very large, broadly-lanceolate, acute, nerve disappearing at the middle, margins entire, very concave, appressed when dry;

Andreœa. gibbosa sp.nov.

Andreœa. novœ. Zealandiœ sp.nov.

Andreœa flexuosa sp.nov.

Andreœa aquatica sp.nov.

Andreœa dicranioides sp.nov.

Andreœa apiculata sp.nov.

Andreœa Cockaynei sp.nov.

Andreœa Jonesii sp.nov.

Andreœa Jonesii sp.nov.+

Andreœa lanceolata sp.nov

Andreœa petrophila Ehrhart

perichætial erect, large, sheathing, convolute, cucullate at apex. Capsule large. Hab. Precipitous rocks forming one side of a small tarn below Lake Mintaro, Clinton Valley; January, 1890. Andreæa cockaynei, sp. nov. Plate XXVII. Plants growing in dense tufts. From ½in. to 1in. long, fastigiately branched. Leaves erecto-patent, densely imbricating, yellow-brown at the tips of the branches, dark-brown below, lower minute, ovate-subulate or ovate-cordate, falcate, nerved to the apex, concave, margin entire, middle and upper leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering rapidly into a long slender point, slightly falcate, concave, nerveless. Immediately outside the perichætial are a few large leaves, oblong-ovate, rounded into a short or long point, concave, nerveless, appressed when dry; perichætial leaves erect, sheathing, oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, convolute, nerveless. Capsule small. Hab. Rocks side of small tarn below Lake Mintaro, Clinton Valley, Otago. Named in honour of Mr. L. Cockayne, my botanical companion in many rough journeys among the mountains. Andreæa jonesii, sp. nov. Plates XXVIII. and XXIX. Plants densely tufted, from ¼in. to ½in. long. Stems flexuous, simple or slightly branched, fastigiate. Leaves erecto-patent, red-brown, closely imbricating, middle ovatelanceolate, rapidly tapering into a long slender point for about two-thirds the length of the leaf, upper large, broadly oblonglanceolate, rapidly tapering into a long point for one-third the length of the leaf, straight or slightly falcate, margin entire, concave, nerved; perichætial, inner pair elliptic-lanceolate, gradually tapering into a slender point, convolute, sheathing, outer larger, oblong-lanceolate, rapidly constricted into a slender point, convolute. Diœcious, leaves of male plant strongly falcate. Hob. On rocks, Moa Creek; June, 1885. Var. β. Upper leaves shorter in the blade and the point longer in proportion; perichætial larger and the capsule smaller than in the type. Hab. Rocks on Mount Torlesse; January, 1886. Rocks above Robinson's Bay, Banks Peninsula. Named after the late F. Jones, Esq., M.H.R. Andreæa clintoniensis, sp. nov. Plate XXIX. Plant densely tufted, from ½in. to lin. long. Stems simple or sparingly branched, fastigiate. Leaves yellow-brown near apex of branch, dark-brown below, erecto-patent, slightly incurved, lower linear-lanceolate, acute, upper ovate or oblong-

lanceolate, acute, margins recurved, nerved to apex, appressed when dry; perichætial about same length as upper leaves, semiconvolute, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, nerved to apex. Capsule ovate. Hab. Rocks on side of tarn below Lake Mintaro, Clinton Valley, Otago; 1889. Andreæa lanceolata, sp. nov. Plate XXX. Plants growing in dense tufts about 1in. high. Stems simple or fastigiately branched. Leaves brownish-green, large, spreading, appressed when dry, incurved towards the apex, loosely imbricating, oblong-lanceolate, acute, nerved to the apex, margin recurved, concave, smaller towards base; perichætial large, erect, concave, inner smaller, apex of leaves inflexed over the capsule. Capsule ovate. Hab. Moa Creek, on rocks; June, 1885. Andreæa aquatilis, sp. nov. Plate XXX. Plants large, loosely tufted, from 2in. to 5in. long. Stem flexuous, sparingly branched. Leaves very dark - brown, spreading, incurved from the middle towards the apex, lower small, lanceolate, acute, upper shortly ovate-lanceolate, acute, concave, margin entire, nerved to the apex, loosely appressed, shrivelled when dry; perichætial large, erect, outer broadly lanceolate-acuminate, concave, nerved to the apex, inner smaller. Capsule very large, broadly ovate. Hab. On stones in a small tarn, submerged in the water, towards summit of Kelly's Hill, Westland. Description of Plates XXI.–XXXI. (in Part). Plate XXI. Andreœa gibbosa, sp. nov. Figs. 1, 2. Lower stem leaves. 3, 4, 5. Middle and upper stem leaves. 6. Tip of a branch. 7, 8. Outer pair of perichætial leaves. 9, 10. Inner pair of perichætial leaves. Andreœa dioica, sp. nov. 1, 2. Lower stem leaves. 3, 4. Middle stem leaves. 5. Upper stem leaf. 6. Outer perichætial leaf. 7. Inner perichætial leaf and capsule. Andreœa, minuta, sp. nov. 1, 2. Lower stem leaves. 3, 4. Middle and upper stem leaves. 5, 6. Outer pair of perichætial leaves. 7, 8. Inner pair of perichætial leaves.

Plate XXII. Figs. Andreœa novœ-zelandiœ, sp. nov. 1, 2. Lower stem leaves. 3, 4. Middle and upper stem leaves. 5, 6. Outer pair of perichætial leaves. 7, 8. Inner pair of perichætial leaves. Andreœa wrightii, sp. nov. 1, 2, 3. Lower stem leaves. 4, 5, 6. Middle and upper stem leaves. 7. Outer pair of perichætial leaves. 8, 9. Inner pair of perichætial leaves and capsule. Andreœa mutabilis, Hook. f. 1, 2. Lower stem leaves. 3. Middle stem leaf. 5. Upper stem leaf. 4, 6. Outer pair of perichætial leaves. 7, 8. Inner pair of perichætial leaves. Plate XXIII. Figs. Andreœa flexuosa, sp. nov. 1, 2, 3, 4. Middle stem leaves. 5. Upper stem leaf. 6. Outer perichætial leaf. 7. Inner perichætial leaf and capsule. Andreœa huttoni, sp. nov. 1. Lower stem leaf. 2. Middle stem leaf. 3. Upper stem leaf. 4. Outer perichætial leaf. 5. Inner perichætial leaf. 6. Capsule. Andreœa aquatica, sp. nov. 1. Lower stem leaf. 2. Middle stem leaf. 3. Upper stem leaf. Plate XXIV. Figs. Andreœa aquatica, sp. nov. 1. Outer perichætial leaf. 2. Inner perichætial leaf. 3. Capsule. Plate XXV. Figs. Andreœa dicranioides, sp. nov. 1, 2. Lower stem leaves. 3, 4, 5. Middle stem leaves. 6. Upper stem leaf. 7. Tip of a branch. Andreœa ovalifolia, sp. nov. 1, 2. Lower stem leaves. 3, 4. Middle and upper stem leaves. 5. Outer perichætial leaves. 6. Inner perichætial leaves.

Plate XXVI. Figs. Andreœa apiculata, sp. nov. 1, 2. Middle stem leaves. 3. Upper stem leaf. 4. Outer perichætial leaf. 5. Inner perichætial leaf and capsule. Plate XXVII. Figs. Andreœa cockaynei, sp. nov. 1, 2. Lower stem leaves. 3, 4. Middle stem leaves. 5, 6. Upper stem leaves. 7, 8. Leaves immediately outside the perichætial. 9. One of outer pair of perichætial leaves. 10. Inner pair of perichætial leaves and capsule. Plate XXVIII. Figs. Andreœa jonesii, sp. nov. 1, 2. Middle stem leaves. 3. Upper stem leaf. 4, 5. Outer pair of perichætial leaves. 6, 7. Inner pair of perichætial leaves. 8. Capsule. Plate XXIX. Figs. Andreœa jonesii, sp. nov., var. β. 1, 2. Middle stem leaves. 3. Upper stem leaves. 4. Inner perichætial leaf. 5. Outer perichætial leaf. 6. Capsule. Andreœa clintoniensis, sp. nov. 1, 2. Middle stem leaves. 3. Upper stem leaf. 4. Outer perichætial leaf. 5. Inner perichætial leaf and capsule. Plate XXX. Figs. Andreœa lanceolata, sp. nov. 1. Lower stem leaf. 2, 3. Middle stem leaves. 4. Upper stem leaf. 6. Outer perichætial leaf. 5. Inner perichætial leaf. 7. Capsule. Andreœa aquatilis, sp. nov. 1, 2. Lower stem leaves. 3. Upper stem leaf. 4. Middle stem leaf. 5. Outer perichætial leaf. 6. Inner perichætial leaf. 7. Capsule.

Kennedia in termedia sp.nov.

Hennedia microphylla sp.nov.

Plate XXXI. (in Part). Figs. Andreœa petrophila, Ehrhart. 1, 2. Middle stem leaves. 3, 4. Upper stem leaves. 5. Inner perichætial leaf.