ARCHBISHOP VAUGHAN'S SECOND LECTURE " MAN."

New Zealand Tablet, Volume VI, Issue 314, 25 April 1879, Page 7

ARCHBISHOP VAUGHAN'S SECOND LECTURE " MAN."

(From the Freeman's Journal.) {Concluded.) Having now given a fair shake to the foundations of the sunnnwri SSSS^Tfrnf that aie brUtes ' 1 now^ed to upseUhose tha?thewhoth • mOl^? atis - tOsay ' t ° sh ™ all reasonable men is in Se dh-SoH™ ££ °p?- eVldenCe upon this momentous question the lowt?lf *° f the - Cbnstian cre ed 5 and that the more studiously 2nm i?^ Jpe ° f ? en ls com V*™d with the highest type of brutes • nev?Xl mOTe / r ft\ there reason to be PersuadedLti was tZ t«l, \ *' a ° d a bru * e . has n^er been developed into a man ; that I?ne That n eg ° neS £* dmded ' in One word ' b * so clear an <* "gid a ment. 7 ordinary man can put his finger on it in a mothat I nsilLwi 1 t Il '^ ith^ kingtbe S uestion ' Is ifc absolutely certain that mankind has been in a state of steady progression from the prosh&lAH 8 P"**?* ■*»** &it absolutely demonstrated, as it f+Zi Te %t ".* reated as an established fact, tbat the lowevohiS» Vage gTeW Steadll >\ u P, to his Present position through infin Se evolutionary processes; and that so far as he goes, he isnow simt>lv mar* advanced that ever he was before ; and is g g ing 0,1 id™ d£ toiSSS safa'e tlv TrT? and P erf e «««>^ ? *ft impossible \hal the If wfro^i £ h f« a de | en ? rate man thau an elevated animal? fiJSrt l' rr ° Ugh £ w l jreTious hi story, should we not 5 rfV I CaSt 1U large lnstanc es, that his ancestors, instead of boinc* apes S*i an^' WerG far m° r «civilised than he ; and that throu^isda! SSLf? 1? Ca T S he lost those high qualities which distinguished on? onn '* >° m b f, s P ran ? ? If su <* be the case, at the very start i f ron P n P f, ent i ap ° tbeory is thrown into inextricable confusion. If him^°f Sb °T' 'V^ OQe sin S le that man has evolved himself from irrational brnteism and if, on the other hand, it can w£ own 11 tt f hatlQ j ail ge instances he has simply degenerated from a ?h?t I,^^^^^io^whymaywe not rationally suppose that such has been the case with others, though we have not the means of making the discovery ? «We may be certain," says MIvSJ certaLtvT^hr "i? S haTC been degraded from a higher level, and this ?L^tSS^«T]S) lw * llllUll7tllilt all haTObeenso -" Speaking of savages, Mr. Herbert Spencer says : " Probably most t°heirS- 7^"" ***<»'s** a «cestors P in higher statesTandanfong WhLS remam s° m ewhich wereevolvedduring those higher states. thP It f S atlOn tlboot I bool 7' as currently held, is untenable, the tenabi g^ SSIOn ,', takeQ V 1 "S" S unt l ualifi^ form, seems to me untenable also. If, on the one hand, the notion that savagery is caused thp i° mm A cl 7 ll T tion is irreconcilable with evident ; there is, on Svnr^ er ? an ,' mad u quate TOBnt for the notion the lowest Kvp Wfc? * ay X w eD 5f lOW1 OW as ifc is now - Ifc is uite Possible, and, I mS«?nf y P robabl £,' tbat retrogression has been as frequent as pio^ression. . . .That supplanting of race by race, and thrusting into corners such inferior races as are not exterminated, which is PavL%° mS °,n, n so lively, aud which has been going on from the eailies>t recorded times, must have been ever going on. And the implihTr™ 1 ™ a i rem - nant^° f inferior races ' takin S refu Se in inclement, a c en .' ?r? r otherwise unfit regions, have retrograded." (" Principles ot bociologj-,' vol. i., p. 106.) 1 And we do possess most startling evidences, on a very large scale or aucient cultures and civilizations, which once nourished, and of which there only remain the unmistakable traces. Take two exW cs j one of an isolated island, and another of a vast continent. Easter Island stands by itself in the Pacific Ocean, 2000 miles from bouth America and 1000 from the nearest inhabited island. Mott says that the inhabitants of that island live in the midst of the remains m the shape of terraces and images, of a former higher civilisation' otwh!ch they can give no account. He says :" Similar terraces ana images have been seen in other islands now uninhabited Ihe ruins of ancient stone buildings of great extent a T e found in the* ± nilippme Islands, the Ladrones, the Marshall and Gilbert, the Society Islands, the Navigators, and the Marquesas. They thus extend over ten thousand miles of ocean." + ..No^.aHovvinefor on e moment to transport you in imagination totne bahsbury Museum, in England. Amongst other curiosities I can imagine the attention of many gentlemen being attracted to some very artistic-looking tobacco pipes. Take one of them in your hand lou perceive tbat they are made of stone sculptured. Look at the artistic work, done evidently by a skilful lapidary. Those birds and animals and human heads that ornament the well-hollowed bowl speak of a civilization, a taste, a leisure not to be found amongst savage tribes. Look at the tubes through which the smoke was urawn ; they have, yoti will perceive, been drilled with perfect skill JNow that tobacco-pipe in your hand is the oldest tobacco-pipe in the world Who made these pipes ? They may be said to represent an ancient civilization— long forgotten— which extended, and still gives evidences most unmistakable of its past glories, over the whole of Worth America, from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada. That civilisation is gone ; the children of it have degenerated, and have lost and forgotten the skill and culture of their fathers ; they have not been gradually growing up, but sinking down, in the scale of culture until tney have reached the position of simple savages, " These savages " says Mott, " have reached their present state by degradation, and not by progress. Their rude arts are not their own invention, but are derived from higher arts, become barbarous in their hands. No singly custom found amongst them can be identified as of savage origin, for their former customs were of course those of their more civilized ancestors, and it is these, as altered by barbarism, thatvve find among them now. But," he continues, "if this is the case over an entire continent, what becomes of the idea that savage life in general is an example of arrested progress, and not an example of retrogression ?" (bee Mivart's " Lessons," p. 151.) Frederick Schlegel, -whose philosophy of history contains many able generalizations, has long ago suggested a cause which, most assuredly, from what we know ourselves, is enough to account for an^

aWeS^/f bleg^'^ ado^ cfallenfrom viltue . ™ dStaX. de ceS by S afSl i" ed t0 b - is degradation, nor hoY far he might but ?s? s frn^, • S '- a^ 1 a PP«*imate to the level of the brute ; seauenr^iw 011 ! 111^ 6 WM a bcin S essentially free, he was in con^ IST fJ'T.'^ even in hiß oi>^ nic Powers most in nY, • • mx f adopt this P»nciple, as the only clue to guide us SdiSTSTtS?^* 1 ? gr °' aSWeII fromhis bodily ftrength faffJfm^onnSn 1S i doClleaildin S eneral excellent characterf is to t£ £™ ♦Py 116 lo . west iade »» tt>c scale of humanity, down horiU? o a n r^ S { atag S liail '. the alm ostimbecile Pcshwarais, and the sluddor mXI J m Ne^ Zealand, whose very portrait excites a clisci les fo, ?1 1P ? ° r •?° f y from seekin^' with Eousseau and his of the SS ,^, T ° 11 f l in ° f ma " kind » and the proper foundations 2vaifS-o^W°f' mt iocollditioneveni ocollditioneven of the *«* and noblest SoSSiron^A^ l^ 00 " 1 ? 17 ' 418 a State of (1 Se^racyand pp 48, 49 ) ( hllos °l >b y of History," trans, by Robertson, vol. i., itha?hJpn g,rn^-bg ,rn^- br n lglltbefol ' c - volirnotice the important fact that Jri» ct fi"y proved, that man, on a large scale has fallen Jnff J barbarism, from a higher estate to a lower ; liavthfispthJ,° U # thatev ? n ." advonced thinkers*' are fighting shy of examnle of Z i onT , on^ ' havin g given you a practical and living bn7ht '2™^^^ eVerY Sense haman rationa ° Npn^wTi i g confirmed this fact by what Huxley tells us of the thus far m r S , and^ heir Witness t0 lhe same effect; havin* o to^ nrCvaTtn^n"^^. reCti ° n ° f the Christian ***ing taking so i£u proved to you that those who wished to destroy the teinnle of Sr s? foi ? fied ifc . in a ™™ er wSchVey al^a l^ S I;,S \? g r gOt sonac firm and solitl standing-ground,-I of th? Towlt ?° W yy ° l \ th Y h ° illculties ttnd raental eztdowments merely liSL k8?k 8 ? tCS ify t0 the fact that the y differ not SeaSn! ' absolutely in kind, from the irrational brute andSLT^lTf^ 1 ? 011681 *'^ 011111 admitting-indeed, we teach, io?; f ?~ bat man ' ,thol, tholl S h rational » isa 'so to all intents and bS ™Zri ft f U - S . mere is concerned, an animal. And the faJure of t?i J° 1S X a gr ? ntcP Or leSS de^ ree ' aiKl m » sfc bw f^ 1^ aninSs W.i e>llk f' wllilst in man y things unlike, all other iWhhnil i nn ° W ontenn g the lists with our adversaries regardpfh S JSm innM " : ° Ur conten T tio ' n is - that W» difference in nature says EHm ™ w er S ?, UrC 1 c - With a certain difference of structure," HI a i' betwe f n the lower apes and gorilla we find perhaps a cZ g>m f cVn v' hntcei^ inl y^ e easily mLsurable* ?Z £^ S T '7 be v Veen them ' whilst wit^ a fc« ««i-*^ d£p st . racture t the gorilla and man, we have a J™ Ce ° f not to be measured, but 'practically infinite. 1 thS SJ£ r ? fi com^ etc ; ollco g getn t demonstration be desired to show o^bv deti fnA- C - eri f ics ° f man are not to in terms, h s rt nSi J fn yd-v d -' y ?Itis by his moral nature, by stracfiSL^ °th Sl °." S sen . tinie nt. b 7b 7 his power of conceiving ab£t.^ . ]B ? Cc ' n ? 1 ' t|Bnd WrOng ' the P°sses S io°n of SSSfv «,«?1f •' i ° f f*" 1 *" 10 "* masoning, reflective, and volitional Ko^MW ! ls< i emonst r at ed that man is neither of nor from the Shtoh'mSSt, ? « iff 8 fundament ally from every other creature SreforS? • Om ; SC ? ses > thafc he differ s absolutely, and therefore differs m ongm also.' " To bring this fact out clearly, I mwt solicit your patience whilst I read you a passage from one of s^eSbWMdnT kS '^ ichwii y igbt U P ar S umenfc with eoS known ftwJf ? if Onitorian is bringing forward a wellS™S.; derate his subject, and I am tlking the liberty of Se Sfn Shi h • br ? W a , Ji t ht ° n raine " " The Man °nee invited talitv 'J PTinifh g T^ aUd h( l received him with P riQcel y hos PiS^'» i f a s tbe run of a magnificent palace, in which there loS ™rK? man 7 thmgs to admire. There were large saloons and Sfn^nf « ' nchl . y furnishe d and decorated, and filled with a profiS £5 ? s P^ imen s of sculpture and painting, the works of the hnf tZ *V n eithei> aTt - The sub J ects represented were various j Sf«-f tTf ?r?? r ?, m \ nn u nt Of them had an especial interest for the noble anxmal that stalked by them. It was that of the Lion himself • and ho the mansion led himfrom one apartment to theotheri he did not fail to direct his attention to the indirect homa-e which thesevanous groups ami tableaux paid to the importance o?fhe Lion w hiP^ hlfLh I fLT S '- b °T VC I' olie:remarkilblefeatureinall of them, to which the host silent as he was from politeness, seemed not at all inaffSSSi tL d / V^ Se ■" Were tbese representations, in one point h ey a 1 agieed— that the man was always victorious, and the lion was always overcome. The man had it all his own way, and the lion was hut a fool, and served to make him sport. There were exquisite ZSSvT^L 6 '?^ 80^ I'^^1 '^^ th « Hon like a kid, and q younj David taking the lion by the beard and choking him. There was thl man who ran hi. arm down the lion's throat, andheli him fast by he S V^ d thG n e Was that other wh0 ' whe n carried off in his teeth! ;S°if al)euk,nifca l )euk , nifc flo^ his pocket, and lodge it in the £J £t "Z f T1 if- n tbere was ° lion hunt, or what had been such! 5?fJSr S \ a , S f ? hug , round in the a^nies of death, and his conqueror on his Weeding horse was surveying him from a distance SSSrlTiiSifr 11 ? 14 " fi ;° m tbC Romaa am P W^eatre in morS tllS 'n Uffny foe ' and lt was P lain who was getting the mastery. There was a lion in a net ; a lion in a trap ; four lions yoked m harness were drawing the car of a Koman emperor , and t^^ta^T s ' cladinthQlion ' s skin ' andwith tbe <** "Nor was this all. The lion was not only triumphed o/er mocked, spurned ; but he was tortured into extravagant forms, asif he were not only the slave and creature, but the very creation o~ man. He had become an artistic decoration, and an heraldic emblazonment. The feet of alabaster tables fell away into lions' rWlions faces grinned on each side the shining mantel-piece ; and lions' mouths held tight thehandles of the door *. Theie weresphyS

ma lmlE lion half woman ; there weie lions rampant holding flags, lions eouchant, lions passant, lions regardant, lions and unicorns; theic were lions white, black, and red: in shoit, there was no misSSr f cx f cess oV n ?igmty which was thought too great for the loid of ihe forest and the king of brutes. After he had gone over the rnnr.Bioii, his entertainer asked him what he thought of the splendours mi tV"? w6w 6 re P^ did f « U i usti <* the riches of its owner ?nrL£J \ °lv tS i ecoK * ors ; but, he added, 'lions would have in EngSnd" * 2°"! *"' "( " Lccturcs on Catholicism w v! h i° a I ) 4 V osit " cs>s ?, nd liveliness of this extract must he my excuse fonts length Now how does it bear on my subject ? In this way : £ii w88!w 88 ! iWOi W0 h^ S ? m ? S - fc Vlvidly ' First ' the facfc tbafc mau ' 8 intellectual and mental faculties, his soul, that which is best and highest m him, separates him absolutely and at once from tbe highest brute ammal that ever was. The lion's enormous physical strength merely reflects and throws out into bold relief the vast superiority of intellect as compared with it ; secondly, the very grotcsqueness of the idea of the lion being capable of accompanying a man through his house, and behaving like a reasonable being, shows at once that the lion ami the man have nought in common except the fact of both possessing animal frames and organs. Why have not lions been aitists? Because they never possessed those faculties which are required for exercising art. The whole picture of the fable, so far as man c i position is concerned, is not strained in the least ; there is not an action or position described, which has not, or may not have easily been actually realized, and the picture of man's dominion over the kings of the brute creation, as thus described, is not exaggerated or overdrawn. How is it that there is this vast gulf between the lion and ibe man— between the man and the brute ? It is because man possesses a soul and mental endowments ; has an intellect, a reasoning faculty, a free will, of which he is conscious, a knowledge of good ana evil, a moral sense, and a religious sentiment and aspiration. It is because man has self-consciousness as well as a conscience : because he knows himself to be a respomible being ; and thus, possessing an intellectual nature of this description, notwithstanding the overwhelming physical power of the lion, man is his undoubted lord and master, and will remain so to the end. Man will ever be painting the lion : and the hon will never paint the man ; the. man will never be able to do one thing the fable says he did— to take Ih3 lion round his house, converse and reason with him ; for the lion will never be able to speak, never to reason, or intellectually understand, never able to restrain his nature, through a sense of politeness or any other sense, or to conceive the idea what an artist is, much less to suggest that a lion should become one. Take now the lowest savage and compare him with the kin^ of beasts. Supposing an aboriginal instead of a lion, were tbe subject ot the sketch— should we consider it an impossibility for that aboriginal to make such remarks in his own language as those suggested for the hon in the fable ? Should we not feel that, at all events, lie would be capable of doing so : while the lion could never, in the comae of any number of centuries, or if he went through millions of evolutions be brought to the poiut of conversing and reasoning and judging of artists and of works of art? Put any one of the brute creation you will in the lion's place, and your convnction will be the same-you will know that a brute beast has nothing mentally in common with yourself and never will have • H 0 " 11 : ton ?? detect, in the lowest savage, the presence of that brother g m&y b ° dc S raded ' be becomes to you a nf , ,V iS a + t , tested 1 by a " writers of eminence that there is a community of nature throughout the human family. The lowest is cut off from tiie beast, and is unmistakably associated with thu fcuniiv of intelligent man. The man will, however low, be able to paint the lion • the hon, however hjgli, will never be able to pah.t ibe roan. Allow me to quote two unexceptional authorities as to the truth of this statement. Mr Darwin himself says : « The Fue B iar,s rank amongst W^lnfi barbarians; but I was continually struck with surprise how closely the three natives on board H.M.S. Bca-rle, who had Uvuil some years m England aud could talk a little En-lish resembled us mi deposition, and m most of our mental qualities." Could not t^^™^ barbarians," in their own way, have umlmtood, and pai nted the man 1 Again-- Tbe American aborigines, Negroes and Europeans, differ as much from each other in mind as any three races that can be named ; yet I was inccsscntly struck, whilst livhi" with the lucgians on board the Beagle, with the many little traits of character, showing how similar their minds were to ours ; and so it was with a full-blooded Negro with whom I happened once to be inf *n - ( VV ° yagC ' VoL L ' V- 232). Then Mr. Taylor says : « The state of things amongst the lower tribes which presents itself to the jSSj^* M wr" a / """torHyto knowledge, arts, and customs, lunmng through the whole world. Not that the culture of all tribes is alike-far from it ; but if any art or custom belonging to a low tribe is selected at random, it is twenty to one tbat something sub?ff « ™ ?! lfc m iy be fOUUfI iQ at least one place thousands of miles oft, though it very frequently happens that theie are large portions of the eaith's surface lying between where it has not been observed e »L^ eVe - aYe f™ tbingS in COokcl^ ciotbin S' ™. vessels, boot ; ornaments, loiind m any place, tbat cannot be matched more or less nearly somewhere else." (" researches," p. ICO). Here, then, is a broad basis of oneness between all mon, from a Aovton or a Dante down to one of tbe aboriginals of Australia, or of the licrra del *ucgo : and this is a basis or platform on which no animal or ape can possibly be invited to .stand. The biutu kingdom is one, the rational kingdom is another ; they do not fuse or mingle • they arc distinct and absolutely scpaiated, not in degiee alone' but in kind. Mr. Wallace sees." sajs an able writer, "in the pioduction of man tbe intervention of an external -will. He remarks tlmt the lowest types of savages are in possession of a brain and of capacities far beyond any use to which they could apply them in their present condition, and that therefore they could not have beqn evolved lrom the mere necessities of their environments." They must in one word, have been, from the very first, of a different creation ; and have been endowed with gifts and faculties which arc never found in uvcr so rudimentary a condition, amongst the animals of the field

Summing up his interesting investigation on this point Mr. Mivart says :— We have found- as regards langxiagc, not only an essential agreement amongst all men, buteven the dumb prove by tbeir gestures that they are possessed of the really important part o£ the faculty, the verbvm mentale. ... As to morals, -we have found that not only are all races possessed of moral perception, but even that their fundamental moral principles are not in contradiction iHrith our own. Concerning Iteligion, we have seen that religious conceptions appear to exist universally amongst all races of mankind. . . . Respecting community of Katvre, we have been able to quote from Mr. Tylor assertions of the most unequivocal character." Now let our opponents, instead of bragging about their victory of Science, fill up the gulf if they can, that thus separates brutes from men. Let them produce one single specimen of a brute that possesses the verbum mentis ami expresses it by the verlmin orls ; that is, let them produce a brute animal who can converse, not like a parrot, but like a reasonable and reasoning being ; let them produce before us a brute-beast who has some, ever so vague, idea of the moral law, or of the first principles ot the barest morality, who knows the difference between duty and pleasure, and follows the former because conscience so dictates' to it ; let them produce us one single instance, amidst the myriads of brutes tbat have existed, or do exist, of one who seemed to entertain even the most nebulous and distant notion of a Supreme Being, of a future state of reward and punishment, of prayer, praise, contrition, humility, or love ; let tbcm show one single example of community of intellectual nature between the man and the beast; let them exhibit to us the interesting sight of the lion painting the man, however roughly ;— and then we will believe, not only that the gulf is not unbridgeable, but we will earnestly maintain that in a very short space ?»ru ef tbe lion wi]l cease to P aint > and begin to tear tac maa to Pieces. What, then, do we come to ? Let me conclude in Miirarfc's words— ( The final result therefore is that ethnology and archeology, though incapable of deciding as to the possibility of applying the monistic view [of man being one in kind with the brute] of evolution to maa, yet, so far as they go t oppoxe that application. Thus the study of man past and present, by tbe last mentioned sciences, when used as a test of the adequacy of the theory of evolution, tends to show (though the ultimate decision, of course, rests with philosophy) that it is inadequate, and tliat another factor must be introduced of which it declines to take any account— the action, namely, of a, Divine mind as the direct and immediate originator and cause of the existence of its created image, the mind of man." (''Lessons from Nature," chap, vi., p. 166.) Now, I ask you whether or not this study of the origin of maa from a scientific stand-point has not landed us in just the very spot, away from which our opponents have been trying with all their skill to lead us ? I ask you whether or no a•' little" science is not a verydangerous thing ? I ask you as men o£ good-will, whether or not, after what I have said, it is not reasonable, whether it does not satisfy your calm deliberate judgment, when I say that the tendency of Science is in the direction of man's spirituality, ami goes to prove that he must have been the object of especial separate creation, rather than a being somehow or other evolved from a mad-fish or a protoplasm—a thing formed one knows not how, by mechanical force from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen ? I put it to you which of the two theories seems shallow, which reasonable ; which leaves you in bewilderment, and fills you with a sort of idea that some one is going mad ; and which satisfies, as far as it goes, that intellectual creature which yon call yourself, and makes you feel morally as well as intellectually satisfied and content, as one who, at all events, has a fairly good reason for tbe opinions which he holds, and cannot find as good reasons for any other? I may here be asked how it is thai scieulifi ; men can bring themselves to push before the public dangerous theories, and protest with a great flourish of trumpets that they arc establisucl facts, arcd arc to be numbered amongst the great victories of science over ignorance and superstition ? How is it that they thus forget themselves, ami their most grave responsibilities, when they cast doubt broadcast amongst the masses of the people, who cannot by any possibility, on account of their daily toil, and their want of training, detect the poison and point out the lie ? How is it that thoy have not more heart and feeling in them, than to impose upon the ignorant ; and, in the name of that mysterious ogre •' Science," stuff tbcm with all manner of false notions about themselves, and lead them to darkness, degradation,, and despair ? The reason is simple. Virchow, with very little circumlocution, has publicly given it to the world in bis address to the great meeting oE German Naturalists, referred to before. He feels it a solemn duty to warn his brother scientists upon the point ; ami thus, by implication, informs us bow the- plague is spreading. The fact is, scientific Atheists have like passions "with their fellow-men. To quote a well-known passage with the change of a single word :

" Hath not an Atheist eyes ? hath not an Atheist hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions 'I fed with tbe same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject io the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer, as a Christian is ? If you prick them, do they not bleod ? if you tickle them, do they not laugh ? if you poison them, do tfiey not die ? if you wrong them, shall they not revenge V (Merchant of Venice, Act III.) Being thus like other men. some of tlicm use their own especial weapons to gain their cherished ends. Hating Christianit £ an I wishing to uprool its doctrines from their vevy foundations, they think to bring the crow-bars of Natural Science to bear against it ; and. carried away by the eager, ess of their passion, they are impatient of the excessively slow movements of Nature ; arc easily inclined to discover proofs and verifications where they are not to be found ; and to come to hasty conclusions, from insufficient data, which arc eventually upset by real scientific men, but which, for the moment, serve to bolster and support their peculiar views of life. It is evidently against this spirit, which is every day gaining ground and degrading Science, and bringing it into disrepute, that Virchow declaims, with such solemnity before the great meeting of men of science in Germany, when he says : " Every attempt to transform our problems into doctrines, to introduce our'hypotheses as the bases of instruction— especially the attempt simply to dispossess the

H^ rC h'. and *° s " PplaT \ fc its **"»*» forthwith by a religion of evolucalm men of genuine Science continue their laborious andTndefati gable inquiry; let them carefully verify their dX- let them keen SSS • P 2dti£ P ?l 6 "W '• let tbem "^^ fIS the? wl f V th ? re ? nofc the sIi S Q test doubt that they mil not only SSSd^SSSh* 611^* 0^ Pr ° ud title <>f benefactors^ Samwi^ni I £ J Wl - U also furnish ' without the « ca«ng, or FoDhSo MS £,£ do / o ' lnnu ™rable ™w evidences to the philoSfite rt th ° Se fandamental P° siti^ on wldofi the created b^GSr l6^ 7 ?^? 1 ?^^ 011 the S reat trath that man was wWchinieato?i??s- vl° P°? sesses faculties and endowments LvfnV™*t^^ Stmy A lg^ l ". thaa that of the national brute; thin" noinf s w ,/♦? *«* • Sc^ ence ' so far as ifc does P° infc to anySit' and ET, a ' kOMSS "> , yoorsclt - A « ato > '»<* i"to jour spmts, and look up to heaven, and aslt yourselves whether or not S™ JETS" f"i? """""M"* ™U<* silLtly S u s9 c£that you Im i™? ' r'S. 5 ' o™*0 ™* 8£ " "»o'ee«te ° ™<1 tbat you are, the following cry, and of forecasting this vision of the future :— Vital spark of heavenly flame ! Quit oh, qnit tbis mortal frame! Irembling, Loping, ling'ring, flying ; Oli, the pain, the bliss of dying! Coase fond Nature, cease thy strife, And let me languish into life ! Hnrk! they whisper— angels say, .Sister spirit, come away !" What is this rbsorbs me quite • Steals my senses, shuts my sight • Drowns my spirits, draws my breath ? lell me, my soul, can this be death ? The world recedes, it disappears • Heaven opens to my eyes!— my ears, with sounds seraphic ring : Lend, lend your wings! I mount! I fly! O, Grave ! where is thy victory ? 0, Death ! where is thy sting ?