FARMING IN NEW ZEALAND Store and Breeding Stock

New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, Volume 71, Issue 2, 15 August 1945, Page 119

FARMING IN NEW ZEALAND Store and Breeding Stock

The movement of store and breeding stock between extensive 1 pastoral farms and intensive fattening farms, the methods of marketing, and the chief centres of distribution are described in this article, which will be followed by one on the marketing of fat stock and the meat export industry. ' .

By

A. T. SHANNON,

Field Economist, Hamilton.

THE mutual dependence of high country or store farms on low country or fattening farms is a. feature of farming in New Zealand. Apart from dairying, it pays the farmer on the better class of country to concentrate on the production of fat lambs and fat cattle and to leave the breeding of store stock and ewes to the farmer with rough feed on hilly or partly-developed country. It pays the farmer on pastures which have not reached the high quality suitable for fattening stock, perhaps because of the climate, or the soil type, or the high cost of hill country pasture improvement, to concentrate on the production of wool and to market store lambs, store wethers, cull ewes, and store beef cattle. As this stock reaches a stage at which it is an uneconomic or unsound practice to continue carrying them on harder country, there is a continuous seasonal movement to the improved areas of the valleys and plains. That is the trade relied on by the store stock farmer, but . while the prices paid by the fattener from season to season are closely related to fat stock and wool values, they show a much wider fluctuation from bad to good times. Marketing through the stockyards is a primary concern of the store stock farmer. In his normal routine in the North Island he gets his store cattle away to spring and autumn cattle fairs, shears in December and the New Year, weans in January, culls his flock for the sheep fairs of January and February, and receives his returns for the year over a period of a few weeks. In the South Island the programme is generally later by about a month.

At the annual sheep and cattle fairs the intensive graziers and mixed farmers buy their replacement ewes and store lambs, wethers, and cattle for feeding. In the North Island the intensive grazier relies almost entirely on grass for lamb, mutton, and beef production, but in the drier and colder districts of the South Island rape and other fodder crops are required for lamb fattening and turnips for winter feeding. January is the peak month for lamb killings, March for mutton, and May for beef. In the North Island the Romney is the dominant breed, being eminently suited to the grazing conditions on the surface-sown pastoral farms. The intensive grazier on the plains mates the Southdown ram . with Romney ewes from hill-country farms for the production of export lamb: he also fattens store . Romney lambs and wethers. , Pastoral conditions in the South Island are less uniform than in the North Island, and require more breeds of sheep. Merinos are grazed on the highest and poorest tussock country, the half-bred and Corriedale on the better tussock country, and Romneys in the higher-rainfall areas. The extensive pastoral farms supply the halfbred, Corriedale, three-quarter-bred, and Romney ewes to the intensive graziers and \ arable mixed farmers on the • plains for breeding fat lambs for export. In addition to the Southdown,

English and Border Leicester rams are used for the production of fat lambs for export, particularly where seasonal conditions do not favour early fattening. Beef cattle movements follow somewhat similar lines to store ' sheep movements: the intensive graziers and mixed farmers fatten store cattle from the extensive pastoral farms. Cattle are very important ,on North Island pastoral farms, where they are essential for proper pasture control and for this reason early maturity is not generally aimed at.

Distributing Centres

Principal stock centres in New Zealand have their own particular significance in indicating the general trend of the market. Situated close to large towns and catering for extensive local butchery requirements, Westfield, Stortford Lodge, Addington, and Burnside prices reflect general fat stock values. In the Wairarapa and Hawke’s Bay sales of station cattle and station sheep figure prominently. Dairy values can be gauged freely from clearing sales in Taranaki, for example, but pig prices show a wide range of fluctuation between various sales, more especially between the South and North Islands, ’this being also true of fat cattle. Morrinsville and Frankton afford an indication of general conditions in the North Island, drawing cull ewes principally from the Gisborne districts, but also from Hawke’s Bay, Taihape, and North Auckland, according to seasonal conditions and consequent market prices in various areas.

The Addington market at Christchurch is unique in that it is a store sheep centre for the whole of the South Island, 'and in addition receives a substantial number of fat lambs which are competed for under auction by buyers from the export firms. To this market come the fat and store cattle from Southland and North Otago. From the native grasses on

the high country of Otago come considerable numbers of the much sought after cull ewes. The irrigated areas of Central Otago and other highproducing plains areas supply fat sheep. From the Marlborough districts come store sheep, and also store cattle, which are in high demand by Banks Peninsula graziers. The Chatham Islands send their quota of sturdy Romneys, and even the distant areas of South Westland, around the glaciers region, provide fat Herefords. In the autumn yardings of 15,000 ewes, besides thousands of store lambs, are quite the rule and in general Addington sets the levels of South Island store sheep prices.

Marketing Agents

The disposal of stock by auction is a highly-organised system operated by stock and station agents, who provide the necessary facilities and make arrangements for handling the stock, often building their own saleyards where these are not provided by special companies or public authorities. Charges are sometimes made specifically for the use of yards, as in the South Island, or they may be absorbed in general overhead expenses and recouped through commissions, as is more common in the North Island. The scales of charges for selling stock in South Auckland and Canterbury are given in Table LXXVIII and illustrate differences that occur. Saleyard auctioning provides for the public assessment of stock values, and there is thus every chance that market prices depend on supply and demand. In fact a large body of farmers appears at all these sales principally to sound out the market and arrange their farm practice accordingly. The yards also provide a clearing house for information, many a deal being made over the stockyard rails, and general farming interests discussed.

The local agents whose business it is to be in contact with sellers, and buyers and to provide the means of meeting their requirements are an integral part of the stock firms. By their extensive connections and their interests in financing stock deals the stock firms actively promote stock movements to the benefit of the community, and secure their profit by commissions and charges for financial accommodation. • The particular advantage of operating through a stock firm is that the firm pays the vendor in full within 14 days of sale, after deducting commission, droving, and other charges, and it undertakes the collection of payment from buyers. It is in the firm’s interest to secure full values for stock sold and the vendor benefits accordingly.

Other important marketing agents are the dealers. The larger dealers operate mainly from centres where stock has to be driven to a railhead, and distribute either through saleyards in fattening areas, through stock > firms, or by private contact with buyers. Large-scale dealers are steadily decreasing in number. There are numerous smaller dealers who may buy in one sale and resell immediately in other stockyards, ,or ' who may use their farms as holding paddocks for freshening or improving stock for resale. Forward sales, which are common enough in the North Island, are less so in the South. ■ ■ Store Sheep and Breeding Ewe r r . Markets ' The clearest example of the tie-up between store farms and fattening farms is in the Waikato, where from late January to early March large numbers of Romney ewes and wethers brought from Gisborne high-country districts are eagerly sought by farmers of the Waikato plains for their betterclass pastures and easier country, Older ewes, culled from the high country principally for failing teeth mostly at 4 and 5 years, comprise the

bulk of the trade. Younger ewes, mostly 2-tooths, culled by the store farmer for failing to measure up to requirements for wool and type, are eminently suitable for fat lamb production. Large-scale dealers buy cull ewes either on the sheep stations for forward delivery or at the largest highcountry ewe fairs, and all sell them at the ewe fairs on the plains, taking the risks of the market and transport. The important operations of these dealers reduce market fluctuations and therefore tend to greater stability, but even so the uncertainties of the ewe market , can make or break a dealer in one season. Forward buying of station ewes is a usual practice between Gisborne and the Waikato, and, apart from dealers, this system is generally adopted by large fat lamb graziers who can thereby ensure getting a more consistent and even line of ewes from year to year. The practice is not always to the purchasers advantage, as the selling season in the Waikato is short and forward calculations of values may be well out of line when too many sheep come on the market at any time. Long-distance transport , of. store stock to centres of demand is out-

standing in the North Island, principally on account of dealers. Substantial numbers of store station sheep and cattle are railed from Wairarapa and Hawke’s Bay sheep stations to the , Manawatu centres, mainly Feilding, and even as far as the Waikato, depending on seasonal conditions and relative stock values. At Morrinsville and Frankton, the principal markets for East Coast sheep in the Waikato, about 250,000 station ewes are auctioned in six weeks up to the middle of March. At the same time, all over the country, though particularly in the North Island, there are. numerous small and large fairs for ewes, store lambs, and store wethers drawn from the hilly areas surrounding the plains. . Here too large dealers commonly buy forward and sell in suitable centres, but farmers specialising in wether fattening on easy rolling country frequently make private deals by arrangement from year to year. While this is also the practice with ewes, a greater proportion is sold by auction. In January and early February, frequently in conjunction with wether and ewe fairs, there are substantial sales of weaned lambs off the higher country. These find a ready sale among those farmers with suitable surplus growth, any not got away fat in autumn being kept over for sale as wether hoggets or, in the case of ewe lambs, for breeding or for sale as 2-tooth ewes. In the South Island

store lambs and store wethers are sold at current weekly stock sales for fattening by the plains farmer on rape and other crops. . The system of sheep fairs is a wellestablished. and widely-accepted practice, enabling buyers to select their particular requirements from a wide range. It gives scope for the exercise of superior stock judgment and business ability, while the vendors are reasonably assured of fair market prices. To a large degree fairs act as the barometer of the industry, the Addington store sheep market in particular exerting a powerful influence on Canterbury and even the whole of the South Island, especially in respect of the finer-woolled sheep. Annual country ewe fairs assume particular importance. In North Canterbury, for example, the eight principal annual sales account for nearly 150,000 ewes, of which Culverden has yarded up to 35,000 Corriedales and half-breds off the higher country, and Addington markets at least 100,000 ewes annually. The basis of values for store stock in the open market can be illustrated with wether prices in the North Island. Like: store run cattle, wethers have to work for their living in the sense that they are used for cleaning up rough growth and for pasture control in general, being fattened on better pastures, special turnip crops, or suitable surplus growth. Values

are: therefore subject to variation, according to growth conditions, and this is more the case than with ewes. In January this year fat wethers were killing out at 651 b. average, due to the good season and the larger percentage of 4-tooths sent to the works. Their value at the works was 32/average, or about 30/6 at the" farm gate. In buying store wethers at the stockyards allowance must be made for transport to the farm and for the return to the farmer. As one expert points out, there is on the credit side an increase in schedule prices due to wool growth over the fattening period amounting to Jd. or more per pound. On this reckoning good store 4-tooth wethers can be bought in January at 28/6, with only 2/- margin below fat prices at the farm gate. If 2-tooth wethers kill out ' at 561 b., with an average value of 28/- at the works or 26/6 at the farm gate, store values in January should approximate 24/6, and the profit over three months of fattening, including the schedule increases, amounts to 4/6. Experience has . shown that in the South Island the necessary margin for fattening store lambs on crops is about 6/-, or a minimum of 6d. net per week. While pasture growth has its influence on stock prices in general, the price a fat lamb farmer pays for his ewes depends in the main on what he received in the previous season for fat lambs, wool, and cull ewes. The value of the plains ewe too old for

further lambing and due for the freezing works determines the market value of sound-mouth and 2-tooth ewes to a considerable extent. Fat lamb graziers in the Waikato consider that a 5-year ewe should be bought for the price of a lamb, and a 2-tooth for about a lamb and a half. Recent years have seen, a heavy increase in the value of the freezing works ewe. Actually ewe prices, while closely dependent on these returns, fluctuate more widely .between good and bad times, and consequently the income of the store sheep farmer fluctuates more widely than that of the fat lamb farmer. The two classes of ewes discussed previously have fairly consistent relative values, 2-tooths being worth on the average just about 40 per cent, more than 5-year-old ewes. Table LXXIX shows the trend of values' ’in Waikato and Canterbury districts over ten seasons. Sound-mouth ewes are principally 5-year-olds, with some 6-year ewes in the North Island, and, as a rule, 4and 5-year ewes off the South Island hill country.

There has been a tendency recently to reduce the margin between the prices of 2-tooths and sound-mouth ewes because of the demand by the plains farmers for the ewe that will do best for just one lambing. This is due to the favourable prices of lambs compared with other sheep products at the present time. At the last autumn fairs in Canterbury, for example, 2-tooths sold at only 25 per cent, above four-year-old ewes.

Ram Fairs

To meet their ram requirements farmers either patronise the ram fairs or deal direct with breeders. Flock ram fairs may be held in conjunction with ewe fairs in February and March, but the stud ram fairs also reach sizeable proportions. For instance, the turnover at the 1944 Masterton and Feilding stud fairs approached £40,000, and in 1945 the 248 rams sold realised 29,936| guineas by auction, an average of nearly 121 guineas. The normal run of flock rams can be bought for about 10 guineas or less. The stud ram trade has reached a high degree of specialisation, and premium prices are secured by long-established flocks.

From such flocks selections are made of Corriedales and Romneys for export to South America and the United States, and Southdowns to Australia. Even a country as far distant as Manchuria has imported from our studs. As a means of securing a recognition of standards, stud breeding is closely associated with agricultural and pastoral shows. The auctioning of stud sheep serves to establish values in a general way, but private trading or private selling through agents probably accounts for quite as many sales. A summary of the entries for the Canterbury Flock Ram Fair for March, 1945, is given in Table LXXX and provides an indication of the relative importance of breeds and of values in the area.

Marketing Store Run Cattle > As an adjunct to fat lamb production in the North Island store run cattle are essential for pasture maintenance, but the breeding is left to the highcountry stations with the rough grass and hard conditions. The process of marketing is much the same as for breeding ewes, spring and autumn

cattle fairs supplying the bulk of the needs. Large dealers again operate either on the stations or at sales in the breeding districts, and organise transport by hoof or rail and disposal through a stock firm. A certain amount of private dealing is done by the larger farmers direct with the stations. Most of these stock are bought as 2-year or 2-J-year-old steers and heifers, with a smaller number of 3-year-old or older cattle and some cows, the tendency in recent years being to concentrate on the earliermaturing stock for the chiller trade. Whereas the larger ewe fairs offer between 20,000 and 30,000 ewes, up to 2,500 cattle may be penned at the most important fair centres as in Gisborne and the Wairarapa, and the de-

mand of fatteners is such that the margin of profit has shown a steady decrease between store and fat prices in recent seasons. While ewes are commonly auctioned in pens from a truckload up to several hundred in a line, the store cattle are disposed of in lots from about a dozen to fifty or more according to requirements.

In the South Island the position is rather different because of the limited cattle country typical of the North Island. As a whole run cattle are not essential for pasture control in the South, where the ewes can take care of most of the rough grass. Cattle from inland stations are fattened for local consumption on the wetter areas, Banks Peninsula being prominent in this respect. There are also forward sales of weaners from Southland and parts of Otago to the warmer bush country, especially the Palmerston district. These cattle are held there to 2| years or older, and are sold to the plains country for topping off on turnips. During August and September grazing is paid at the rate of 7/6 per head per week, and a heavy fat beast will return £2l to £24 on the local market.

This year in the North Island chiller cattle are weighing heavier than usual, a 3|-year beast killing out close to 7501 b., worth £l5 at the works, first quality. The average return is therefore about £l4 at the farm gate. On this basis 2|-year to -year store cattle are worth £ll to £ll 15s. according to condition, showing a return of £2 odd to the farmer.

The prices of 2|-year store steers at autumn sales in the Waikato and Poverty Bay over a 10-year period are shown below: —

Dairy Cattle Sales

The requirements of those dairy farmers whose policy is to buy their replacement stock rather than breed it, and the necessities of others who are forced to go to the market to fill the gaps in their herds due to unexpected spring losses from calving troubles and disease, constitute the heavy demand for springing calving cows and heifers at the • commencement of the production season. This demand has led to the growth of a sideline enterprise to provide the market with, 2-year-old in-calf heifers, and this has proved lucrative in the past few seasons with quality heifers fetching £ll to £l4 on the ’ drop, though late calvers or less attractive stock sell at a discount. Dairy cows in milk are normally marketed as surplus to requirements and not as a special trade. Unless some guarantee of soundness can be given by a vendor, a cow in milk or in calf does

not always receive favourable attention from buyers. In other years big dealers brought surplus Taranaki heifers to the Waikato, but such large-scale movements have not been so usual of late. Actually many requirements are met through the operations of local stock agents, who are constantly in close touch with supply and are in a position to vouch for the vendor. An important market for dairy stock in the principal production areas is the -season clearing sale following change of farm ownership, or management, or of sharemilkers. This auctioning of whole herds never fails to attract a large bench of buyers. With a herd sold on a farm goes some assurance of the standard of feeding and management, while factory returns give a definite guide to productive capacity. These points are usually lacking in stockyard sales, in which the vendor’s name may not appear. There is also a certain amount of traffic by dealers in dairy cows, but it is not necessarily favourable to the purchaser. In most stockyards in dairying areas there is a special dairy section to cater for the sale by auction, but quite a large trade is done privately or through the agents of the stock firms. In recent years stock prices have advanced considerably and Table LXXXII indicates the trend since 193435, giving quotations for springing heifers in June to September. In the Waikato those graziers who are on easy, topdressed country are responsible for supplying a large percentage of the in-calf heifer trade for the local dairy market. These men buy complete lines of yearlings from the small farmer whose country is too expensive to hold them through. There is a much better financial return from this class of business than in handling store cattle for fattening.

The extensive trade in pedigree dairy cattle emphasises the demand for high-producing stock, prices paid being in accordance with the record of butterfat backing and the standing of the breeder. In the main dairy centres annual sales dispose of a fair proportion of stud stock, but the larger breeders may hold public sales on their properties. Private selling assumes substantial proportions, though the public auction sales very largely

set the values. Bulls sold are usually 2 years old or yearlings, and the female stock comprises mainly incalf heifers, and in most cases there is a written guarantee or an unwritten understanding that the vendor will replace any animal proving defective. There has also developed a steadilyincreasing export trade in top-quality stud cattle of both beef and dairy breeds to Argentina, Australia, and even China. Arising from the culls of the dairy herds is the boner cow trade, which accounts for an export of some 20,000 tons of canned meat and finds a ready market with a section of the English consumers. The boner cow market is organised on a basis of schedule prices offered by the meat export companies,, at present 23/- per 1001 b. carcass weight. There is a steady stream of cull cows coming to the markets throughout the dairy season, but larger numbers appear from the end of April as the herds are dried off. Collecting arrangements have been worked out by freezing companies in some districts, but, if marketed in the stockyards, as is more common, these cows are competed for by freezing company buyers and occasionally local butchers on the basis of estimated carcass weights. On the existing schedule a dairyman can get a return of round about £4 10s. for his Jersey culls and up to £9 for Shorthorns, and this has a direct bearing on dairy cow prices. Cull bulls for canning enter the market on the same basis and fetch attractive prices. Store Pig and Sow Sales The store pig market is almost wholly in the stockyards, and prices reflect fairly accurately the state of supply and demand. Store pig sales in April to June illustrate the use or abuse of the stock market to quit the surplus autumn weaners that are the bugbear of a pig industry still almost completely depending on skim-milk. At that time the yards are full of unwanted weaners and unfinished pigs, and there are few buyers. On the other hand, from September to November a healthy trade is done in store pigs. The diagram above show-

ing weaner prices averaged over five pre-war seasons illustrates the position and incidentally shows how the Canterbury season lags behind the Waikato. ' There is also a keen trade for unfinished baconers suitable for fattening by buttermilk contractors, about £1 difference between the value of the bought pig and the final product being a useful margin to work on. The prices of large stores given in Table LXXXIII are averaged over the months of December to February, and reflect the trend of pig values over the period:—

Most breeding stock is sold privately, except that in the main dairycentres there are special annual sales. Principal breeders also have annual auctions on their premises, and the pedigree pig business, in common with that of sheep and cattle, is closely associated with agricultural and pastoral shows. The few grade sows and boars sold in the stockyards often meet with an indifferent reception.

Internal Parasites of Livestock

CONSIDERABLE economic ' loss among livestock occurs annually because of the ravages of internal parasites, and it is the duty of every farmer to do his utmost to minimise these losses. The Department’s free bulletin (No. 189) deals fully with the advantages of phenothiazine in the control of internal parasites. Its effectiveness against the various types of parasites, the methods of administration and the dose rates are fully discussed in this bulletin, which may be obtained from the Department of Agriculture at Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin.

South Auckland: Canterbury: - Yarding I ■ - -■ ■ Comfees per mission. Canterbury: Commission. Yarding fees per head. Lambs, fat sheep, and cattle sheep, and .. 4% . cattle Lambs, fat sheep, and cattle 21% •. 4% 1d. 1d. 1/6 Lambs, fat sheep, and cattle 21% 1d. 1d. 1/6 Store sheep and cattle and cattle .. 4% .. 4% Store sheep and cattle Store sheep and cattle • • Z 27o , Id. 1/Pigs— £2 or less per head or less per .. 5% head Pigs .. 5% .. 2,5% Pigs 2d. .. 21% 2d. —if over £2 .. 4% Pedigree stock . .. • • 1/—boars and sows and sows .. 5% .. 5% in the in the Pedigree stock .. .. .. . •• Vguinea in the Clearing sales— .. 21% guinea Other stock, implements, Clearing sales, usually .. .. 4% and furniture .. .. 5% Dairy cattle .. x 5% Dairy cattle •. 5% 1/6 Bulls .. .. . • 5% Bulls .. 5% 6d. Horses .. .. .... •, 5% Horses .. 5%

TABLE LXXVIII—STOCKYARD SELLING CHARGES.

Waikato: Ewes: Canterbury: Ewes: 2-tooth. Soundmouth. 2-tooth. Soundmouth. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. d. 1934-35 .. 1 8 0 1 0 6 1 6 6 16 6 6 1935-36 .. 1 11 6 1 3 6 1 14 6 1 5 0 0 1936-37 .. 2 0 6 1 10 6 2 0 0 1 12 0 0 1937-38 .. 1 14 6 1 6 6 1 14 0 1 0 6 6 1938-39 .. 1 4 6 16 6 1 5 0 10 6 6 1939-40 .. 1 9 0 1 2 6 1 5 6 17 6 6 1940-41 .. 1 11 6 1 2 6 1 9 6 12 0 0 1941-42 .. 1 9 0 19 0 1 9 0 12 0 0 1942-43 .. 1 8 6 1 0 6 1 13 6 1 0 0 0 1943-44 .. 1 10 0 1 1 0 1 12 6 1 5 6 6 1944-45 .. 1 12 0 1 4 0 1 17 0 1 9 6 6

TABLE LXXIX—EWE PRICES.

Breed. Entries. Average Prices. Prices. Comments: Comments: Southdown .. 1,460 85 to 10 gns. Increasingly popular. English Leicester 474 • 3| to 5 gns. Least in favour. Border Leicester 118 6 to 9 1 gns. Revived demand. Southdown x Suffolk 57 91 to 12 gns. Shropshire ' 10 Suffolk 8 Ryeland .. 92 7 to 9 gns. Too many marketed. Half-bred 222 10 to 11 gns. Keen demand. Corriedale .. 873 10 gns. Over supply. Merino 6 Romney . .. 1,003 7 to 9 gns. Steady sale. Many entries contributed by Southland and North Island.

TABLE LXXX—CANTERBURY A. AND P. ASSOCIATION FLOCK RAM FAIR, ADDINGTON, MARCH, 1945.

Season. Waikato. Poverty Bay. & s. s. d. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. 1935 .. 4 15 15 0 0 4 5 0 4 5 0 1936 .. 6 15 15 0 0 5 10 0 5 10 0 1937 .. 8 10 10 0 0 Not available Not available 1938 7 15 15 0 0 8 10 0 8 10 0 1939 1 7 15 15 0 0 7 5 0 7 5 0 1940 ... 710 10 0 0 6 15 0 6 15 0 1941 ..8 5 5 0 0 7 0 0 7 0 0 1942 .. 8 15 15 0 0 8 15 0 8 15 0 1943 .. 9 10 10 0 0 8 0 0 8 0 0 1944 .. 9 10 10 0 0 9 5 0 9 5 0 1945 .. 1010 0 Not available

TABLE LXXXI— FOR 2½YEAR STEERS.

RangitikeiSeason. Waikato. Manawatu. 1934-35 .. 6 5 0 5 10 0 0 1935-36 .. 8 10 0 1 6 15 0 0 1936-37 .. 10 0 0 8 0 0 0 1937-38 .. 10 15 0 9 10 0 0 1938-39 .. 10 15 0 9 15 0 0 1939-40 .. 12 15 0 10 0 0 0 1940-41 .. 12 0 0 12 15 0 0 1941-42 .. 12 0 0 10 0 0 0 1942-43 .. 11 15 0 9 15 0 0 1943-44 .. 14 0 0 11 10 0 0

TABLE LXXXII—PRICES FOR SPRINGING HEIFERS, JUNE TO SEPTEMBER.

Season. Waikato. Canterbury. 1934-35 ..140 1 3 0 1935-36 .. 17 0 13 0 1936-37 .. 18 0 17 0 1937-38 .. 1 13 0 1 10 0 1938-39 .. 19 0 1 13 0 1939-40 .. 1 10 0 1 16 0 1940-41 .. 1 12 0 1 18 0 1941-42 14 0 1 9 0 1942-43 2 10 2 4 0 1943-44 .. 1 14 0 1 19 0

TABLE LXXXIII— FOR LARGE STORE PIGS.