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New Zealand Graphic, Volume XLI, Issue 10, 2 September 1908, Page 8

As we reach lower and lower depths, the water becomes colder; the warm water, being less dense, remains at the surface. At about 12,000 ft, the temperrature is little above the freezing-point of fresh water. Light gradually disappears, and at 1400 ft. absolute darkness prevails; and as no plant can live without light, the vegetable kingdom is unrepresented, except by some boring algae, which haven been dredged from a depth of over 3000 ft. Further, there are no currents, oxygen is scarce, and uniformity of temperature prevails. No wonder that animals fitted to live under such conditions should differ widely from those occurring near the surface.