THE LANDING AT RIVERHEAD.

Waikato Times, Volume X, Issue 723, 3 February 1877, Page 1 (Supplement)

THE LANDING AT RIVERHEAD.

Bidding temporary adieu to the" cares of business, I left the Queen-street wharf m the p. s. Gemini, and after a pleasant run of an hour; and a .half, reached the wharf at Riyerhead. The facilities for! landing are by no means good. /. To a cofjmlerit traveller,; a . cripple, or an infirm person, the process of landing would be. somewhat difficult,' if not hazardous accomplishment. You have to mount a ladder some 12 or 15 feet m height from the steamer's deck. I think the increasing traffic at this point demands some better facilities for the travelling public, and I 'ball attention to the matter m the hope that a liberal and progressive government will attend to this want without delay, especially as this is the terminus of the Helerisville railway. ' " • •.'■.•'. THE . JOURNEY TO HELENSVILLE. From Riverhead I travelled to Helensville by train, a distance of about 16 miles, which is got over m an hour and a half, including several stoppages en route. The greater portion of the country viewed on thejonrney appears to be of an inferior description, but it is relieved by patches of good soil, and diversified by picturesque forest for a distance of seven miles. Among the conspicuous land-marks are the neatlooking farms of Messrs Monk and J. Phillips, which are seen: to the left, shortly before reaching! Helensville. Here T was at the end .of ; my day's journey. T put up at Hand's, : Helensville, for the night, .where I found an attentive host. Besides the hotel, there are two well-; conducted houses of accommodation. Almost the whole business of this place is done by the McLeod Bros., who, at the time of my visit, were loading two vessels with junk timberj for Australia. ■•■■'-'■■'- : • . , .KAIPARA RIVER. _, , ! Steam was up at 3 o'clock next morn-; mc, and. a few minutes after that hour! we were on our way to Kaipara Heads.; i This part of the journey does not call, for any lengthy description, beyond the! fact .that I observed on either bank some very fine pastoral land, and the farms of the hon. Dr. Pollen and Mr. t Yoiing, both of which appeared to be m a high state of cultivation, on the west side of the river. In crossing from the South to the North Headsj" we had a fine view of the Kaipara bar. 1 There is a flagstaff on the North Head, and it is supposed to perform the duty of directing vessels entering the Kaii para waters, but just now it is neither ornamental nor useful, seeing that no mortal lives at or within miles of the «ipot. It is' a melancholy monumefit of Provincialism, which 'I. ( believe/,! phce kept it m a state of efficiency] " There *"*, are few noteworthy objects until; the Wairoa • river is reached. . ; : ; ! SCABROT-S- FARM. '....'>■ On the west bank' of the driver, just before reaching Tokatokai Mr Scarroi has leased an, area of some thousands of acres of excellent T fern' itinS,' which «; t fair Jy. stocked with cattle and-, sheep, ' The wool is sent to the 'Auckland mar ' ket, and the sheep and cattle are slaugh tered as required to supply the "Wafros settlers. The. 1 place has* also a consider able gum trade. One of the most con spicuous objects is a fine private' hbus"e besides whioh there are 1 five or six other buildings, including a substantial store afld an establishmentfor curing purposes ' wher^Mr. Scarrot saves his bacon, ';;.; ' : ' ■■■"■''. '■;■ TOKATOKA." ' ' ' ' '"" The! first settlement., we call at is • Tokatoka, situate on the east bank pi' the "W"^iroa, J riverj This place ig tnc resort f ' ; 'of ' gum diggers: ' : ' It it not yet blessed with a wharf, and com. munication between the steamer and the shore is carried, on by. means ci^ aoats. Tokatoka, T believe,' is tKeJ Vaori for continual or great overflowi WHAKAHARA. j is WhakaharaJ .where there is. an hotel kept by MrJ W. # r,Qlark; A considerable butchery jbusinessis done here, for the supply of places on , the river, cattle being brought overland from " Matakohe, and othei? districts. Otamatea is within easy . access of Whakahara. There are here) • also a ninmber of^ prosperous settlers engage^ m farming. The place is more! fortunate than' Tokatjrika as it rejoices *"■ in v the convenienei^tjf a jetty, at which the ste#|igr lands and embarks cargo.; Aboutf 'tv^^mi] es further up we come 1 to •"'* ''■* y ■■ - ■' . '■ " ■ "' "■• ! TE KOPURU, : Situate|fon the west side of the river: \ The steatner is - ; moored at a very sub-i stantial wharf erected by the ;Te' .KopurUiSaw Mill : Company, 'and' it is 'sufiiciently.'commodious to accommodate three or four square-rigged vessels at * once. On the occasion of my visit therd i were' r) -three engaged m taking m cargoes of ° timber. The first flea--•ture that strikes the new-comer is! jjihe business-like bustle, which is m 'pleasabA| / ; Witrast to the comparatively quiet appearance of the places prej viously passed. Indeed it looks like the port of some thriving inland cityi Added to these attractions it possesses charms for the lover of' the picturesque m nature; 1 - 1 The view up and downj the river, as viewed from Mr Waiker's «sidence,on the hill,- is 1 very beautiful] V is bounded m one direction by a' tfluntain sixty miles off. Te Kopuru i^ :fe; most ; centrally-situated tipwiishipj jjling Te Oruapo, Tokatoka, and Thakahara below, and above Aratapuj and-Kaihu. It is aisq " v directly opposite all the settlements or ._ th&.ea^rn -hank of the river, -whose Titlet.ia i,' ; ijbe. Mititai road. Aratapu is tant alout two miles by land; l ane <ut the 1 same bywato". The Te* \»uru Aettlemerit consiiilt) «f sorie 5C ues, ! the most prominent being the flic Hall, Court-libus^ the lock-upj ifltable's'house,- dnd the rdsideiice of *s. . • :\.jsv.:v>-\ < l > Ai ''•■roil/jhyti'/jioWjA '

me local rnißclTcapFpYaßiitroiier. is also a clergyman of the Church of England, ' the erection of a parsonage for whom is just begun. But besides these evidences of progress and civilization, literature, the fine arts, and the manly old national athletic sports of England have been planted m this remote region, and have taken firm root. There is an excellent and wellselected- library- of some 4QO volumes ; a- school-house Which affords shelter, to about 40; pupjls r and, m -which Mr Goocn— who is moreover a proficient musician,— teaches: the.; young idea how to shoot ; a cricket club which will bear favourable Comparison with any body of rural knights;:.of ; )the willow m the province, (I suppose I ought to say % Provincial Districts ") ; a fife and drum band which discourses sweet music on frequent occasions, and a string-band which shines -out at concerts and social reunions. But the mainstay of the ■■ place is its large, rapidly ;growingj;andj prosperous (timber trade., The. proximity,, of extensile kauri " forests, and the growing demand m this and- the 'neighbouring tiolbhiejs for this class. o£;timber Ms.le&tb ; .ttie deyelqpement plf f a" '. ihost u .flqurisMiig trade, and naSiSt^ulaied^ettiement to, a degree which astonishes the?visitor^ who never Hreamed 1 ,bf 'finding «ucK : a busy place m this locality, wliicli, though it has made no great noise m the world, and has been much neglected till late years, is rapidly assuming . a position of importance among the rising centres of population, m the colony. The wealth which^the, district possesses m its immense timber resources can hardly be estimated... Taking into "cpnsideration. ail the ' purposes to which kauri can be applied it iis 'certainly' one aS-'tWxa^^Ti^Mwd^fa m the worid.lt is easily worked, its usefulness, is not marred* by knots, it is strong, durable, takes paint well, and is susceptible, of a very high polish. For general, building purposes it has practically pushed Australian timber outof New Zealand ports, and it is rapidly^ getting; into .favour m Melbourne. Its usefulnbks only needs to become. knowxtttf ''secure^ it apreference; ov.®?,^ other classes qf'timber for ordinary, purposes. , /tie enterprise of the Te Kopjaru ~saw Mill;- Company: m its manner ot conducting and develop-! , ingrtnia tracle is Ibeydnd all.praise.: \- No one : whp.has .not visited', X)ns I'plficeand seen the exceedingly completer.ancl ex-, pensive pl,ant .and material which the! Company has i brougHt^^hero,ine activity and thorough: orga^ition:whidh characterise all' -their can fully! appreciate ;■ the . gqo.d i ithjsiy is hay© done, and are still doing. * r I ; was • shown over! 1 the ;andJ was sur||'nsed at ih^ power 'of ma-; chinery, * and ' ihe immense ' ijiunfe' of; logs prepared- &? pany keeps abputr^OO men inuconstant; employment m its mill and extensive! forests, the logs being rafted down from! a distance of about sixteen miles, the| timber being delivered into the water! by means of trams, -working oxen, andj other appliances. The machinery of; th§ mill is complete, and all of thej latest invention and^ construction.! Tn^r^We^el^oiidr^^ch !2fat : lbngj "and~sft7"6in: ifidiamretefj^of ;thß"Cornish class, two -only being m use at a time, so; that there : is j always ! a ! spare boiler! available. The machinery]' js driven by| a 3Q h.p. high-pressur| ( ! ,efi^me, wiic;h is of! pimple but effective <;constmction.! The hauling macnine, runs with: an: endless chain,is a^'ispieieiaP features, asj it will , bring; upr ;fiy;e or, ;six , logsatr a' time,- which could not be effected Joy. iru<jks.« •Th&'toreakirig^ibwnframeitfbfj the largest ' dimensions made for millj work. : It was built by Mr Yickery, ofj Auckland^, and it takes. ,in:;a'. log,;. ,24^t| 6in. ingirth^ ThecirculaT>saw^r6oeiv-j ing the flitches from ! vtl^e/^.reaking-! :<JfIVKn; y -jframe ,;. and g puttings fheni; >„ intoj bbards, also delivers them v into the yard! by means of a running table, etc.; ready! for being-measured. and shippe,cL i .There l is also a gang saw, i which" cutsiuplnto^ flitches by one operation whqielogs up! to 15ft inbre^dth.l;, The fvame^S; all of iron, and was built by Robinson, of Rochdale. Another , circular inpw~ ' re- ; ceives the flitches 'from 'the gang : saw,; cuts them into boards, &c.,'and"<leliyersi them into the yard. There is' one! planing-machine, of the most simple! but withal improved construction,! which is capable of planing • 10,GOOft; of ordinary flooring' 0 L per' 1 " da'y,j and of which Robinson of Rqckdale: was also the ihaker^ . TliereV^is ai moulding machine- by, the';', -same' 1 celebrated- tnantifacturer: and it -turns out mouldings up" tp 9 inches m width. , The .e.xte^qf the ' tim^er' r fcrade ,bf .fhts! ■settlemen£' I m%i.;^ w.hen^itjsistatejir.thatdiu'iiig. .the ■■year; A 876, 1 '81 6' vessfels-were^lq^declj^n 5, 5.00,000 feet of!sawn 'timber', dipped! m one same period, and; this, dpesj not ; include.; 3bhe k extensiyev export; oof. .baulki timber. During the month bfißebem-i ber, alone 10 vessels were loaded and! 930, 000ft,, of. sawnj^timber shipped for cqlonialpprts. . I ought not to close my' notice of this place withoui reference to the air of 'industry^ and thrift which characterises the place. There are many neat and well kept gardens which give an of refinement to this busy and thriving township, of which I could write many columns did the limits of the available space allow. A great ' convenience 'has been provided for shipowners, ! in' the- fact that Messrs McNeill-and- Co. are now pre- : pared to repair all vessels at Te ; K.qpuru. i paid a visit ibq ,-ihe'. bush which supplies the timber for the mills, where I; met Mr. Stevenson, the manager, for-! merly manager of the Shortland Saw Mills, who was kind enough to shew me the principal objects of interest to the| visitor. This bush can be reached over-j land from Kaihu, or m eight miles byi the river, and the scenery on the wayj is very picturesque. At the time of} my visit to the bush, some 500 logs' were prepared for conveyance to the; mill, some of them measuring as much' as 9 feet m diameter. Not long since, i

| a log w&s sent down .-iwhibh; weighed 9£ ; tons. A • ; , penetrates, I aHpuf -a', mile: initoKthi^vbiush, /and^ connected. i with numerous branoh tramways* :• In« | acldition to the tramway nearly a score> !of oxen are used urbringing. down logs. \ I noticed s6me of the largest trees to 1 !be found ,. in, tho of Auckland, i but my.intehded.'explprationshere !were prevented by: a pouring rain,, ARATAPU. , Three miles steaming from Te Kopuru •brings vS. to the Aratapu Saw mills. TheW is a wharf here, quite equal, m general facilities to the , one at the ' former, place, and receiving several vessels alongside at once. At this mill 70 men' find .constant employment, under the excellent management of Mr Stier. In the months of November and Decenibpi' 2^00,000 feet of sawn and dressed timber was shipped from the two]; mills .at; this place, and the average -.production is fully , 600,000 per.montU. Sometimes there are as, manyas five yessels loading here at one time. 1 ' ©ike -that "at Te K.opura, the maofiinerj 4 . is feblbei'si ve, sbtne ;of the logs, plkced : measupmg 22^ feet m girthf^n^;^|if|e| ; m v length. . During 1 th& |fest h H;W.6 vj'iearS} r 4 large amount of •gl^in]g Has- beea done, and the wharf ha|l!|wjett.! extended up the Aratapu CreeUji also another mill at 'tn&'tO^sMp^derthe same mauageine nt^|f|i§' ( at*tke second^ as at the first, •I''. - !Bout^^6t J 'i^i : § [ -''feel surprised at the powerfMiapplia^.es!-ii§ed for jnoving the log^: ■ 'The engines used at this second mill, are;biptween 25 and=3bh.p: nominal: Almost all the machinery was made to order ;.by r ;MeJsrs. Fraser. and Tlnne, of •Auckland, whose design and workmanship have given ; the i greatest,;'satisfaction to all concemedi The rest of the Buachinery wus' imported from America. •These/^wo'imiUs/^th'e'^propertyi of the; 'Union Salsh 'and fiobr Company/ are' '.about 'lso yards 1 , apari;.' ' Th ; e smallest j mill .building' covers a superficial,: area j of about ■60 x 80, and isi furnished with j a' 20 h:p. high- pressure u and! two tubular 'boilers of' 20 hdr^e-pow^r! each. The sawing machinery' cbrisists 1 of one break-down saw,, with; circular' and gang saws ; also a,, goose f6r' cutting j oflF. The larger, mill building has i an axfia. of .about, 9.6 1, x0 cKO, in-j; which; arej placed one breafc-down -saw '■■ and gang, j . two r . travelling circular;Sawbenbhes, j three : cross-cuts, 'and three small drag-! benches», also, : tiiree mouldiiig and : two pjanirig 1^ is. fitted i with one^irpn,. turning , lathe iand'^Fil- \ ling machine, also vsawocguntmingl apparatus. :% -This is driven! by a pair of 25 hyp: condensing engines, j supplied" with stea\n from 1 3 cylinder boilers,' each .4:5' feet long. Contiguous to these buildings, are iexteiisiye; timber -sheds,, measuring ) 200. ■', feet j m length- by 26; feet-, m width.! The social, advancement of the place i of j late' imperatively called- fforr r some j common place ■- of I assenal)lage> and dh ;order tQ % supply this waiit, .a j new commodious pubjicjhali^is about. Hd_ fie built, "the^ mutual; cpTpperative: principle i the'si-w-mill gratuitously pr6viding c .the[ crequisite-r material i on, condition, .that j the inhabitants find the labour required 4ifr "erec^ihlii^he-iniaterial/ >■ tfierW is %, bja^'duig^^e^bted ; to; the\pur-i [poses ,V6f a ,aVreadin^-r6bm, '(n • cdmbina- ■ tipnj ; with, a $ rg9 i oa,,li,braryj- 1 -only „as recentiysas/iast week )£X\ w.as remiiited! ito lAucklandrfoK.a supply of neW; books. | The' English and Australian illustratedl r( an'd the' local^jpiirnals^arej 'regularly filed^ 0 so fi tH^t.thfeinhabitSnt's; Arata,pu- . are, well^bsted^currenti events.' ' Nor is the 'important raataer! ; of education neglejcted, j.^hpugh Kither-j ■ito Jthe district has not received 'that ■• share :of attention ; which •it >i merits at tHe hands of y the Board 'of - Education. Application hasjbeen ; raade tb r ' tKis body 'for ' s a' u j>ie6'e of 'land as a schobl reserve here, the request. is, a very .r ; easoii-i abieijjpne.j .;, The. scnbpl tisj . attended, by . :45vchildren at. present, .but i judgingfrom the rate of increase of thepopulation r during the past year/'-I; should think fit' highly pi;bba%le. : that the • attendance will be double^- next; year., ; Ido notsee any present reason' why the .jA.rata.pu should be behind, the' township, of Dargaville m obeying the ; •well-kriowh , Scriptural : iinj unction! given to. our first parents. The-num- i ber of "settlers ; living at th c back' of! ; Aratapu'' is : , cbnsiclQrable, the' dis-i tan'ce to which iliey are 'obliged to, the local school is top long m many) -cases even were there siifficient -ac-i ■ commodation m the present school-; room. It is to be hopiecl that the Board ■. of Education will see .its way ! to accedej to the rec[uestpf the.uihiibitant^.'.-, .Tliej importance' of /promoting .eclv^tion^n ' these, ■ out-districts v cannot .;, /be !* ovev- < estimated, and is ;tdo often, ignored.; .•Among': the many .other >■■ evidences' of ' 'pi-Ogress which r I r 'observed .ihi 'every l hand, was a fire erigine attached- to the; machinery of the mill, and which, can ■ be started m a few minutes,' so' that it is alw^ays m readiness for emergency. ■ Wells are sunk m front of the cottages buckets are kept on the premises, and m• : event- of an outbreak, of fire, :each man would have an assigned: station, and an ample supply of water would be available. Added to these precautions/there is a fine bell. Yesterday the new.^nck baking house 'i' 'built ' for Mr!/ Savill was finished. The oven -4 is capable of bakihg sufilcient bread,; t'oii siipply tke! whole of Wairok; ! : '.l|i|iiidrtb/the"place i lias been dependent 11 /iipjpn Kaihu for supply "of •"•« Soft 'Tommy." Both ! Kaihu are jem- 1 pa^s^ttlem^ntl; Jgt Jwjggii; th^' sale bf i !|fciifauia.Bs''isw'strjcfy.^ thp 'peqpj^ ;o]B^ig-ysup>lies !:^Sj 'Voflaeet 'their ; . §rivat|'Vtots3nf otKe^Sary traveller j |till'cn.p£;%%llowbto;-d6^a;rt ; ; without i |he^rTuS^y^ : ;j;:: „.:-■- ;i| fjl, ' aaqtEßAi. ; L-jThis, settlement is situate on .the | bank.of the- river, and is the terminus; of the imam linp of road- constructed i by the Qpvernnienit;!',^pi]i{L;Au^ i Recently qatli!e'' i Haye^Bifen :: .'d;riv ; en ; ' over- ! lafljfeto; Aucklaii^; days. \

~'k° wh/arf cbjnjfbsea.' of stonework is m <isufs& of erectibn, and the site has been laid bjffjfor a, jfc^iegraph station, whicji ; is an urgent necessity, here. ."... The site selected, is suitable, >and as a guarantee of £300 a year has been promised by the inhabitants, the Government would riiri 'no risk; m immediately acceding to the wishes .of the people; Telegraphic, comi^unication is a great boolitb ah outlying district, and is , most; conducive to its rapid advancement. This; is a farming community but.there:is a; considerable area of land, mostly: of remarkably good quality/ still available for settlement. - There are about 100 small farms m the district, Mr D<3dd, r one_ of the pioneer .settlers of jMititai, is. the owner of a large block . of land^ facing the river. :. At. present.the. produce of the district finds' a ready market on the river, arid is not 1 equal -to : the existing requirements. .'ln' com-' pliance •with the earnest solicitations of the settlers, Messrs Brown," Campbell and Co; have begun to build a large storey and it is hoped that a post office will be opened m connection' therewith. The settlers m this district have had ' a long struggle againsfc a variety' of drawbacks, but ; brighter prospects have dawned upon the place, confidence is! inspire^ m its future, and there is a prevailing opinion that it will steadily continue ..to advance. <> ' ! MANGAWHARA. . . This settlement, during the past two years, has forged ah^ad to a remarkable degree, . having risen from a few- old buildings, to a' settlement of no mean importance. The founders, Messrs Brown, Campbell and Co., have expended some thousands of pounds m the extension of premises for, purposes of accommodation, storage, etc. m order to me,et i rthe requirements of their largely increasing business. The first thing which strikes the eye of the "visitor from ;the : rive'r> is the large and hotel, close to the river. IJpon, looking through the ; house, we were; struck ; with the forethought .which had been; nused with the object of providing;: suitable accommodation for all classes of visitors; ;There are upwards b'f fbrty; < -lrbbins'.'in > use at the jpresent titne. r [ Seventy-five beds, are = made up claily^ for visiting the district, while the provision matle fpr ; the comfort ofithose.in.a state of single blessedness, are as^ complete asm any first- class hotel, in^the 1 province;. - tJpstairs we 'noticed an ; improvement 1 which other 'houses iit tnbre pretentious localities would do. r well.to. foUo^/viz., ,the proiVision of 'a, bath-xopm, lavatory,, and ;water-closet,- .the whole, of. which/ >is supplied withvtheznecessary water from •an ! immense tank fixed m the roof, capable of 'containing some 2, 500 gallons., In^he case of incipient • fire this w;buid prove invaluable. The bar ■premises .are kept Entirely apart from the private portion ; of 'the hotel, and as the whole :o£ the walls are packed ; with sawdust, from base to roof, no noise can: be heard by- those wKd covet; quiet 'and/ repose, f Much' lia&'-bseii said', and published", inreferejice'to, thie hotels m this, Sistrict^'tQ ■] their ; .disparagement, but irbrn (personal \ inspections I jshold | say tha,t ; 4he!>fepor^v were) - to ' use «a: mHd; bipreS^ibtii'; < . ii liai?ge'ly o'verdrjawn." j \y"e ' fpuri ! d' l iosfc l ßo wning ' (nian£ger^f J thY Mangkjwttaiu Hotel)^ a.most agrejs- \ [able. . £e£sqn,,an& apparently . eininentiLy i posi^P 11 ' • passingr frpm| ;ths:;-iliotel,:; w^! :CQme to • ihevistbre,i "which .has i: the name i of -• being one : of! -the nipst' complete -but ■of';Aiicklari4. ' 'fere- ■jypti ;may J: find a' J of diversity "'as 1 ' tb '!'. perfectly' iastpnisK the uninitated, /f ; frpnya jiee^le 1 to an ancjief,!! the, phrase ; wMch.. we i :üße'on<yiewii)ig ( tljeyjyaripus; assortment' eof o goods [displayed, .; ifprrall > classes of ■customers*:' ( Agricultural implements, : Marine requisites,, bush requirements, m fact almost every thing necessary for; ,'tjie , everyday, , necessities ,^nd',. comfort *p,£ the representatives of; all glasses, may ; ■nere.^bV -procured,. ; A Money .Order, rand Saving's/Bank 1 isnalso '-■ established ; here.- r and the district is" doing a remark-: ably large business^' ' the returns during 'the past- two ' years having more than quadrupled, themselves. There is also !a repository:, of Duty Stamps, a, very great convenience to .the district. ,A: rbranch of. the.B.ank. of New Zealand 1 'has 'lately been opened here, under. the 'management, 'of Mr. M. Andrews,'^ and: already signs ','6f a good busitieks are forthcoming.. It certainly .fills up a gap, which has long been felt to be. a ; drawback to the districts., : .The.directors.of this'Bankiiav'e conferred a boon 'oii tKe district, by'spirite'dly coming to ; the fore m thjis' ' respect. r . ' Cordials " are maiiufacture'^here, m somewhat large quantities, and a "trade has beenestabJished .with, most of tlie Southern, ports Wiethad the .pleasure v pf tasting several ' samples, to the; excellence of which we caivbear testimony, one great disideratutn m favor of these manufactures is the plentiful supply .of fruits available, rendering unnecessary the' 1 artificial elements. so often introduced into' this .class of : goods by, -queans of drugs. At ' the tinier of ; our • visit ' the management • were tin for over' four tons of various kinds of fruit for ' mkriufacturing piirposes. Sues industries as . these, having for their object the': diverting of the ; taste from ■ more ;harmful beverages, ought to be. encouraged arid probably these endeavours will m time he- productive of much ' good; :: Bottling in j all its branches is also carried on; and a large number of hotels are supplied with requisites .from ; this source,, both m Auckland, the Southern provinces, and the surrounding districts on the river. . The kauri gum industry is also largely fostered here, no less ; than 220 peraons: being employed by the firm of Brown; Campbell and Co. alone, m the. production of this article of export. A cutter is Kept continually ; gunning ; all the year roun,d between this' place ] and Helensville, in connection with the, Kaipara: Railway; > Other- industries have been established. Biitbhering is ! carried on extensively, while grain and'

prb : du'be r bf ' f 'eyer^' r de^criptibn', ' ' fbrm' no' meari portion bf the prpductions bfjthis, #tiyirig: and; adyaricing, sejjtl^p^n|j^;. 'J