THE STATE OF EUROPE.

Wellington Independent, Volume VI, Issue 484, 1 June 1850, Page 3

THE STATE OF EUROPE.

(From the Times, January 5.) Fiiaxck.

By the spirited exertions of the directors of the Boulogne and Amiens Railway, we are enabled to present our readers with intelligence from Paris more than three hours in advance of the ordinary mail. Leaving Paris with the nia'l train at-half-past eight o'clock on Thursday evening, and on arriving at Amiens availing himself of the superior facilities afforded by the railway from that town to Boulogne, M. Gautry succeeded in reaching Folkestone by half-past four and The Times Otlice at" half-past seven o'clock yesterday morning, anticipating the mail 'which left Paris at noon on Thursday. The following is the letter of our correspondent, dated Paris, Thursday, Jan. 3 seven p. m. "The result of the division in the Legislative Assembly yesterday, on the bill introduced by the Minister of Public Instruction, for investing th 3 Prefects of departments with power to dismiss all communal schoolmasters, has caused a painful sensation amongst the friends of order, as it shows that a serious schism has arisen among the Conservative majority of the Assembly, to whom the country looked for protection against the machinations of the Socialists. Mauy of the President's personal friends attribute the result in sonic measure to the want of tact exhibited by ministers during the debate. Great praise is given to Count Mole for coming to the assistance of the Government at a most critical moment, and thus saving ministers from a complete defeat. As it is, it is feared that a portion at least of the Cabinet must retire, to make way for more efficient men. The Conservative journals, as might be expected, regard the vote us deplorable ; while the Socialist organs, under the belief that the urgency id rejected, exult in the-division which has for a second timo shown itself amongst the Conservative majority.

"On looking over the list of the members who voted against that measure of public safety, we find leagued with the Mountain the small fraction which follows the banner of General Cavuignac. M. Dufa.ure, the Minister of the state of siege ; M. Come, his Attorney-General; M. M. Lanjuinais, Adelswarcl, Monet, General Bedeuu, &c, all opposed the immediate discussion of the bill. M. de TouquevLle, however, thought proper to abstain. The infatuated ultra-Legiti-mists also sided to a man with the abettors of Socialism, anil the rear was brought up by men of the majority belonging to neither of those parties, who often reproached the former ministry with pusillanimity, and now withhold their support from a" Cabinet which fairly enters into their views. " After our reporter closed his dispatch in the Legislative Assembly on Wednesday, the house divided on' the question for the 'urgency' of the discussion on the bill relative to primary education, when there appeared for the ' urgency" 342,, against it 312. The President declared that the votes being, equal, the urgency was not declared.' ■ "It appears that after the Assembly j adjourned, the ballots were agai i reckoned, when, in presence of three of the Secretaries, it was discovered that there were 308 votes in favour of the urgency, anJ 307 against it, leaving a majority of one in favour of Government. "The Committee on the La Plata Bill met on Wednesday, to consider the amendmentofM.de Ranee, granting a , ere .lit of 10,000,000 francs to support an armed negotiation. The Ministers of War, Foreign Affairs, and Justice, attended the Committee, and declared that they st'll retained the opinions they had propounded in the Assemb'y. The majority of the Committee resolved to support the amendment. ' " It is announced by the Pαtrie that Prince Jerome Bonaparte, ex-King of Westphal'a, has been raised to the dignity of Marshal of France by a decree of the President of the Republic, M. de Larochejacquelin, who took an active part on Monday last in the debate on the La Plata question, has since had an attack of cholerine, which, has placed his life in danger. " A letter from Belle-Isle of the 27th ultimo states that 10-5 of the insurgents of June have been shipped on board the Archimede for Brest: 10 others are to be transferred to L'Orient, to be tried for having risen in insurrection against the authorities of that island. "Letters from Turin of the 29th ult., announce .that M. Pinelli was elected President of the Sardinian Chamber of Deputies, by 79 out of 225 votes. " It appears from the report of M. Prevost, general agent of the savings-banks of Paris, that in 1849 the deposits amounted to 15,445,39Gf., and the sums withdrawn to 2,568,i05f. The administration .had, .'moreover, capitalized interests for a sum of 714,623f., and vested another of 693,655f. in public securities. ."The 37th drawing of the Old City Bonds issue in 1832 took place yesterday at the Hotel de Yille. The following are the numbers of the 16 first drawn bonds, giving a right to the premiums attached to them;— No. 37,810, 50,000f.; 799, 20,000f. ; 3-5,041, lo,ooor. ; 32,239, 12, ODOf. ; 3685, 10,000f.; 270, 31,591, 10, 003,21,577,8111, 1041,39,409, 19,104, 34,160, 20,028, 500f. each: and 5760, 1740f. "The price of wheat lias fallen during the last month, and the average price throughout all France has come down to 14f. 40c. per hectolitre, the highest price in the markets of Toulouse, Gray, Lyons, and Marseilles being 16f. sc, and the lowest in those of Metz, Verdun, Charleville, and Soissons, being 12f. 35c. " The receipts of the Orleans and Bordeaux Railroad for the last week show an increase of 1112f. as compared with the corresponding week of the year 1849. " The Lyons mail, carrying the Italian .letters, had not arrived iii Paris at the closing of my despatch*. ".' " Notwithstanding the apprehension's entertained that the vote of the Legislative Assembly yesterday might produce a panic, the price of public 'securities was well supported at the Bourse to-day, and a further rise took place. Five per Cents, opened at 92f. 55c, and closed at 92f. 80c.; the Three per Cents, closed ot 56f. 85c.; Orleans Railroad shares, 797f. 50c.; Rouen, 561f. 25c; Havre, 240f.; Great Northern, 555f.; Avignon, 215f.; Vierzon 340f.; Baslei llof.; Bordeaux, 408f.; 75c.; Paris and Strasburg, 358f. 75c.; Tours and Nantes, 275f." ' AUSTKIA Vknick, December 30.—1n one of my last letters I made mention of a pamphlet written by Dr. Palaeky in favour of federation as opposed to centralization. Above a year since I attempted to impress on you the conviction that one of the main causes of the complication of our revolution was the jealousy existing between the different races forming the Austrian empire. .That this feeling is as active as ever among the ultra-Czech party in Bohemia is evident from Dr. j Palacky's publications, the main object of which is to prove that the constitution j of March is in reality hostile to the

equ'/ization (tjleichberechlimjunj) of the umorent races which it professes to support, as the system of centralization, which is its vital principle, establishes the supremacy of the German race over Hie Sclaves, Magyars, Romaneu, &c, as comp'utely as wa-; the ease before March, l«4t. The Professor's arguments in support of his position are most specious, but they are, in my opinion, perfectly untenable, as the charter in question ecures equal privileges to al! the differ ent nationalities, at the same time that it declares that their close union is necessary to the stability and welfare of the body corporate. The total want of validity observable in the charges brought by the different races against each other, cannot fail to strike the impartial observer, and to impress him with the idea that the struggle is not, and never has been, for equality, but for supremacy. The insurrection last year in Prague, which was so energetically put down by Prince Windisehgratz, was neither more nor less than an attempt on the part of the Czechs to assort their supremacy over the German population; The primary object of the Hungarian revolution was to subject the various branches of the Sclavonic family, inhabiting the kingdom of Hungary to'the Magyar race. The mad attempts of the various rases to dismember the Austrian empire, last, year, did not arise from any dislike to the dynasty, but from a desire to secure the interests of the different nationalities which aim, it was supposed, could oalv be obtained by establishing a system of federation like that of the United States. This tendency was encouraged by Baron: Pillersdorf, the Austrian Minister of the of the day, who seemed complete'} , to have lost sight of the fact that, by estab- j lishing such federative states, the ra-es which were in the minority in the differ-j ent provinces, would be completely sacrificed to the tyrannical inclinations of the predominant nation. Fortunately for; all parties, the present Cabinet took a more statesmanlike view of things, and: the result was, that it was resolved to make the bold attempt to form one great compact state, in which, while each separate nationality, which is very different: from each crown land, should' enjoy alt its peculiar privileges, they all should, on points wheie the interest of the great body corporate were concerned, be subjected to the central power. The following proposal, made by Dr. Palaeky, will sufficiently prove to you, that he is just; such a visionary as those learned theoris s whose mad vagaries at Frankfort mainly contributed to bring the idea of one great and closely united Germany into discredit. The learned Doctor is of opinion that, in order to simplify matters and satisfy all parties, it would be well to dismiss Messrs. Bach, Schmerling, and Thun, from office, and to form seven Crown land or national Ministers, with the same number of Diets and Courts of Cassation. The Ministers would be —first, for the German districts ; second, the Czech-Sclavonic; third, the Polish Russinisch; fourth, the Magyar ; fifth, the Uomanen; sixth, the South "Sclavonic; seventh, the Italian. Dr. Palaeky is of opinion that if this plan were carried out, the equalization of the nationalities would cease to be a delusion. Happily for the welfare of the State, the events of the last two years have somewhat enlightened the great bulk of the nation, and Dr. Palacky's uupractical theories will doubtlessly soon be forgotten by all except his own immediate partizans.

Were not the present Cabinet one of pure necessity, it could hardly hope to make head against the multifarious difficulties which present themselves to all sides. The Federalists on all the different Crown lands have couched their lauces against it, and the Conservative Magyars are amongst its deadliest enemies. The recent official appointments have also given mortal offence to a whole host of employes of the old leaven, who had, or fancied they had, valid claims on Government. Dr. Bach, however, who possesses in perfection the rare quality of moral courage, has made his appointments without allowing himself to be in the least biassed by the clamours of the factious world arouud him, aud thus we see that the most influential political in the different Crown lands are occupied, not by aristocrats, as was formerly the case, but by plebeians, whose only recommendation is their aptitude for the offices intrusted to them. The appointment of commoners, instead of men of high birth, to be governors of

several of the Crown lands, has inspired renewed confidence in the good-will and sincerity of Ministers, and we may now hope to see iheir plans fully carried out, which, up to the present moment, has not been the case, particularly if their high and mighty subordinates did not share their opinions. Dr. Schmcrling, the Minister of Justice, has also made some new appointments, and I am happy to find many names of good renown iv the list of his employes, although he has been now and then less fortunate in his choice than the Minister of the Home Department. 'According to paragraph 83 of the Constitution of the Empire, the provincial constitutions were to bo brought into action during the ycaiv 18-10, and I stated

in my letter of the 19th, that such would certainly he the case. My assertion was' perfectly correct, for I .learn that on that very day, liis Majesty, gave his .sanction to a " general provincial constitution," which will probably appear in "the Wiener Zeifuiiij of to-tiiorrow. The general principles which are to serve as the basis for the all ,provincial constitutions of the several C'nnvn lauds forming the empire. TII3 Wiener Zeitung of yesterday contained the state budget for the third (jiK-.ter of the year 1849. It is, however, Incotvple c, as the returns from Transylvania, Croatia, Sclavonia, the Voivodina, and the Temesch Banat have not yet been sent in. The receipts were 35,126, 036 florins, and the expenses 76,899,631 florins, thus leaving a deficit of 41,773, 095 florins. The outlay is divided as follows:—lnterest of National Debt, 17, 220,631 florins; Imperial household, 963, 764 florins; Cabinet Council (Minister Ralh), 22,787 florins; Foreign Affairs, 438,356 iiorins; Home Department, 3,97-5,470 florins; War, 45,357,943 florins; Finances, 3,858,964 florins; Justice, 1, 259,301 florins ; Public Education and Worship, 480,116 florins; Commerce and Public Works, -5,832,820 florins; Agriculture aud Mining, 48,008 florins; Control-office, 25,18-3 florins. In addition to the deficit aboyeuieutioned 90,727 fiorius were expended, though for what purpose is not specified, leaving a total of 44,893,822 florins. The Wiener Zeitung of to-day contains the budget for the nine months from November i, 1848, to thelast day of July, 1843, during which period there was a deficit of 90,746 681 florins. The war expenses during those nine months amounted to the enormous sum of 105,539,310 florins.

The constitution of March was solemnly published in Pesth on St. Stephen's day, the 26th of December. It was read in German aud Hungarian, bat not in the Slovak language, as all present unanimously declared that they had understood it in the one or other of the languages which had been employed. High mass and Te Deum were afterwards celebrated, and the ceremony concluded with a great dinner given by Baron Haynau. Six persons, formerly Austrian officers, were condemned to death on the 12th instant, at Arad, but their sentences were commuted to twelve years arrest in irons; two others were sentenced to twelve years arrest, one to five, and another to three years. The National 'Leitung says, that a traveller who had arrived at Czernowitz, from Moldavia, reported that great numbers of Russian troops, particularly cavalry, were being concentrated there. Private letters which have been received by some of my friends from the principality in question do not mention one word of this. Yesterday there was such a tremendous fall of snow that the northern and southern railroads were impassable ; consequently the mails could not "be forwarded.' Vienx.a, December 31.—Metallics, 6 per cent., 95f; ditto, 4 per cent., 75 ; Bank Shares, 117o; Exchange on Frankfort, llli. Prussia. The Kolner Zeitiwg publishes the following proclamation, which the Pr.'nee of Prussia has addressed to the troops in the Rhenish provinces :— " The present season induces me to express to the troops under my command the wish that the year 1850 may be a happy and glorious year for them. With part of those troops I have shared the happiness aud the glory of a victorious combat, and the troops which remained at home have equally proved their devotion and fidelity to their King and country. So, indeed, did the soldiers of the Landwehr, especially those corps which have been called upon to supply the place of the 20,000 men now stationed in the Grand Duchy of Baden. May all those troops be mindful of their oath ! May they be mindful to the spirit of order and obedience which befits the Prussian soldier, and may they hold themselves prepared again to engage in the conflict! Our antagonists of the summer of 1849 will not keep quiet, their secret intrigues are more dangerous than their ranks in battle. We ought to be on our guard; let us be watchful at all times, and let us be confirmed in all soldier-like virtues, that we may be ready for the fight, in case the King should again call on us to fight, and to conquer in his and the battles. God bless the King! « PRINCE OF PRUSSIA."