EDUCATION COMMISSION.

Wanganui Chronicle, Issue 12856, 5 July 1912, Page 3

EDUCATION COMMISSION.

(Continued from cage 2.)

whereas the children attending private schools coat the State -nothing, and so they have, I make bald to avtir, a prior claim to 6uch books as the State supplies free of cost to the children attending the State schools. •fechinioal Education. —In the matter <jf w.xxhvork and cooking the children , of private schools are, and ha vet been for years, at a very serious disadvantage, through a want of handwork training and tho teaching of d;micS-ic science. t£o must prove a serious handicap to them when* tho battle of their future IdveJ begins and continues. As private schools are at present constituted this technical instruction is practically impoesiblQ to them, through a lack 01 <iMivenien6e3, funds and expert instraetore. Through the courtesy of the manager of some of the technical schooS, hoys tand girls of thirteen years of age and over were admitted to technical instruction an years past. This year, however, the age limit is fixed at fourteen for private schools. This ■ regulation practically cuts off the) oppor- '■ t-unity, such as it was, they once had j of receiving technical instruction. We hold that the boys a-nd girls attending private schools should bo accepted at technical schools at the same age and , on the same terms as childretti who re- ; oeive their primary education at ipub- ■ lie eohodte. This concession could mot be Teasonably construed into granting i fttato aid to private schools, for the children would be taught in buildings owned by the Government, and by mastors who a-rei already in the payment ■ of and in the service of the State. j Swimming Da/citation. —I think 'we are entitled to advance a similar claim in tho matter of swimming. To encourage children to acquire this art, which is universally adlaitted to be of paramount •utility, the Government wisely grafts a capitation allowance to the children attending the State schools who comply with certain stipulations. This encouragement has been denied to the children attending private schools, although the managers of the latter would derive no pecuniary advantage whatever therefrom, as the money given an the guise of capitation would only suffice to pay for tho use of the baths in which'the children karn to swam, and giv« a small remuneration to masters engaged i<n instructing them. I I may be allowed to remark that our Junior Cadet Corps are provided ' wilHngty, and free of cost, with innforms 4imd rifles, and with a target and ammunritnon for shooting practices. It so&ms strango and somewhat inconsistent -that while the hoys receive encouragement and assistance to play tat soldiers," the Government that grants both denies to these same boy® the aid #it gives to public school chUdrtm, to anduoe and enable them to acquire an art which as «f such great utlity, not only to themselves, but not infrequently to others. In including these remarks, may I be alkywed to mention to the members of fh& Commission that the primary Catho>'<J schools :of thns Dominion are j in existence mainly through the fact that thwr teachers give their time and labours gratuitously. Hundreds of children arc, as a consequence, edoioated annually tip te the standard required | by -the -public school syllabus, without . cost to the Government. In setting out j the abovb grievances no claim .is made for anything that would benefit these teachers, either male or female,, individually or collectively. A plea as proposed not for the teachers, but for the taught; and I havo full confidence that *ho members of this Commission will do in our Tegard what as right and just aud helpful,' when the time comes to embody thedr views regarding what they deom nocewary or advisable, te charartt or amend in tho present educational svsfcem of the Dominion. WiEwiim Bruce, chairman of the Waneamri Schools Committees' Association. and chairman of the Wamwimii School Committee, submitted th« following findings of tho recent conference of School Committees: ; ~'' 1. TKa<fc it desirnbfe to extend the compulsory attendance clause te over live miles, particularly in country districts. , , P c 2. TKitin the interest and welfare oi tho children it is desiraWo +b,at strict ceni?orshi'p be exercised on the class of ij.ictuTPfl showr; and thnt n't shrvilfl bo maotnd that no young children shall bo yllowfd to attend picture shows unless accompanied by their parents or guar- | dians." ' 3. f-talinols Committees -and the AssocifttioTis bo gi^ en ample opportunity to (jxaromo .n-nd discuss tho Commi^'ion's re-port before it is dealt with by Parliament. , 4. That tbo di».ab:.l''tie«ioF tV settlers in our hack Hock« aro wivfo that more pneonraeement and oan°'flp"'>t;on sh^rld bo shown to thfini by tho State. It is recommended t 1—1- t'^ ftov^rnmrnt arrange for tho «cttiU'r<? in &" b^ck bl-'-ks to bo 'granted toh* use of books frr»p from t^o nnbV.? l:.^ro.rit«! Rub^id'scrl by thoßt<»to."and such bo">ks to be delivered to nnd fro free of pm"tas:e. •'). Th"t the Mm?'•+•*"•" •of Fd'^iHm lie nre^d to arrange that the f'-imilies in the bnck hl-ocks who n.re out of reach of <v«>itf>ols be provided with learning faciliit:Pß by corrcsoirvnclpnee. and that itinerant teachers bo unpointed to visit l>eri<xlica.llv tbr<se f-i.Tf-Hies with a vi^w to directing the, prbndies of the rrbildren. Ailso that all corresoondenee, bfK)k«» and requisites connected herewith bf> free of postnore botli toand fro.

6. Thai this onfersneo henrt'lv anpiroTes tiTTid cmdorsos the recomme".:l.itioTis df the Teachers' T."«titnto "That the Deinartmc-nt bo asked to ajipoint a man nnd a woman o.f instructors in tho sohiools on sex physiology. on the lines adopted by the Wrvito Ci'c«s Lc-a--gue of Aiistr.i^". 7. That, in tho omnion of th.'s n^-otria-tion tiro school svll-abus shnnld have a common interpretation arrived at by

a conference of inspectors. That all tSuojcxw Kncwn as atltlruonal subjects siiould be struck out of tho syllabus, except ono from each standard approved by the conferoiico of in^ju'.-t;>r.s, such additional subjects approved by th-e conf<rence to be made compulsory <sub- . -L-tS.

8. That in the opir.ion of this co'iferc.ico th<t Government should find thu wholo c:>st of the .additions to existiing sito or new sites as the Education Bird's finances are not strong enough i> near hiif the co.it of such purchases. Further, that it is impossible and unrtta- ■ iiable ro expect the roiidonUs 'of eith- .■,■ the country or the towns t;> boar the cost of these.

0. That th's conference views witlL

>.■' .ions iapi>ri-!ien.>: >n the high proport',:m'"s of lurjerl ifi' :xt<d teachers in tho fcivvico of the Board, tliis being about or.(vthird of the total number employed. It1 our opinion, the inducements offered to competent teachers in the country aro far too inadequate, and we strongly recomnKuul the Minister of Education to provide that the house allowjmr.'cs to head or sole teachers of Grades 1 to 1 rt'JDectively be increased as follows: Grade 1 £20; 2, £25; 3, £30; 4, £'40.

10. We strongly recommend that the salaries of tho secondary a.ssLstants should be at least equal to the present maximum to each grade. It was gener-

■:i!y maintained that teachers wore being "starved," and that tho men of ability were getting out of the service and entering other walks of life.

11. That Education Boards with large back block areas should bci granted more liberal financial assistance than ihoso in elder settled districts.

12. That &ome more practical and just method of assessing teachers' salaries than the present system should be devised. If the present system is continued, salanes should bo based on tho roll numbers of those making half attendance, and in the back blocks schools where tho roads ara frequently impassable for young people, the attendance should be computed on the summer ( r.r>nth3 only.

13. The Wanganui Board is to be congratulated on its successful effort to improve the efficiency of the smaller country .schools by tho appointment of an organising inspector. Splendid work is being done in this direction, and parents, I know, in tho country, much appreciate this forward step. Some of them, however, recommend that hef ■.should Ho iHo wed to spend more time iiistrucling some of the inexperienced teachers.

Mr Bruce, continuing, said the Association contended that consultation between Board and Committeo in regard to tho appointment of teachers should bo real. Boards should have the power to make transfers,, provided the concurrence! of the committees concerned was obtained. In nine out of ten cases, difficulties that might arise in town or country could be readily adjusted by the local members of the Board, or, in tho case of ia deadlock, by a commit-too of arbitrators, viz., oivo member of tho Board and one member of the School Committees' " Association, with power to elect a third party. If a system of transfers without consultation with the committee was adopted, committees would demand moro direct control of the election of Boards than at present, namely, making the term two years instead of three. In Wanganui sub-committees w«re responsible for the general supervision of each of the four schools under the Beard's jurisdiction. Cleaning and fuel accounts were substantial, but, with care the committee juet made ends meet, Primary schools should be placed on the same footing us District High Schools with regard to the subsidy of £ for £. The Association urged the provision of large and healthy playgrounds for tho young people. - After rtiforring to tho playgrounds attached to each of the local schools, and the Technical College endowment, the Association strongly urged that the teaching of swimming and life-saving should bo irad© compulsory throughout the Dominion. Local school children were well provided for in the matter of baths. .Swimming capitation should be paid for Jill children from tho first standard upwards, instead of only from Standards 5-aind 6, as at present. Religious instruction in schools on the lines adopted 'in New South Wales was strongly urged. Character could not bo developed when duty to Cod and -.man was practically ignored, in the training of the young people. Mr Bruce was perfectly satisfied that if the matter wero referred to the people a largo majority would declare in favour of it.

Mr. Pirani, referring to the scheme by which the Wanganui Education Board had been enabled to erect tho Technical College, Infants' School, and Board's Offices, said that the credit was duo to Mr. Bruce, who evolved the scheme.

The Commis4on then adjourned till 2 p.m. ito-da3\

Following was tho evidence given by Mr L. Cohen on Wednesday:

MR. LOUIS COHEN, 8.A., Barrister-at-!:iw, ex-member of the Senate of New Zealand University, said :

I have noo prepared anything in-writ-ing but there arc two or three mat-tors I wish to speak upon —Firstly touching upon what I call the degradation of our (spoken English in the Dominion. Secondly on the matter of the constitution of' Education Hoards, and thirdly somo views upon Technical Education. :V* to the first matter I think it >is beyond controversy that the- English spoken in the Dominion of New Zealand has become characteristically ColoniaJ, if I may ro rail it. It fortunately has not re-ached tlie despairing depths of what wo Now Zealanders call "orstrailien." but it is in very great danger of torching that point. I know of no influences ah work in this Dominion to chock this, either prompted by any of those ra-poiisible for education, or by aiiv apprehension on the part of the public of this Dominion. I know of no

influences that have any tendency what- j ever to check what is admittedly, I ( should say, a blot upon our national life and habits. Some four years ago at the University Senate's meeting at Auckland I brought this matter up. It was not difficult to make out a very goad ca^, and the Senate resolved, at first almost despairing as to how they could in any way touch this matter, that the examiners in English for Matriculation and demontary examinations .should set such questions in the examination papers as might test phonetically tho habits in pronunciation of the candidate an.l their knowledge of the pro-nuiK-iatioii of English. I am not aware tliat the examiner.* in English for Matriculation and clumentary subjects liavo always set questions on this point. Certainly the last papers for Matriculation in English did not contain any such questions. The object of the Senate was t-> attract teachers' attention to this very important matter. Now it Jias been .said thru the English our young p.0p.10 .spc.-ik, is the English of their teachers. L'j has been said tlia-t tl:c teachers in the public schools of this l'.iniiniou and the secondary schools do not speak good English themselves.^ I am not talking about grammatical Knglv..h; I am talking -about good English, ■and I will attempt to define that later on. Ido not think, that is true on tho whole, but 1 think it is mainly true Then it is *aid chat the teachers in tho sc-'iools speak good English, that tho good English they snoak is impaired by the baiiofu! influences of home and home life, that the -parents do not speak good English, ami that that neutralizes the influence of the teacher. But- whatever the reiusms are. you rarely find a New Zealand nnn or woman who either speaks in casual intercourse of things, or who g'lves cvick'Hd in the' laweourts, <;r who comes as a clerk cither in your office or in any other office, or who sings a song, or who attempts to recite, you hardly ever find one of those who speaks English with distinction—good English. Now may I define what I mean by good Eugii^i. lam not talking of grammatical English, T am talking about English snoko.i with some sense of its beauty, some sense of its euphony., some Ktnso'of the spoken English as being as beautiful a language as any language in the world, if spoken with conscious effort to preserve it, and colattoraly spokca with some view that the speak-' ing voice itself, can be cultivated into a thine of beauty. I deny that the Italian is a better language to sing than is English. I deny that the French is a better language, I think it much worse, if I may use- that word, because of its nn.al productionl, its nasal tone. The idea that Italian is the best language to sing too is a survival of that now happily gone by time, known in music as the era of Italian aria in opera. I think there is nothing more beautiful than to hear English spoken by people of culture and refinement, and with some sen■•vib'ility of tho beauty of the language they are speaking. There is nothing monft beautiful in music than to hear an English man or an Eng.li.sh woman sing an English ballad or song in English, whether a translation or not, with fine d'Viion -and with fiTTe vocal sensibility, if I may call it. Tdo not think, gentknion. that I need make out a case. I need not prove my case, that our English in tho Dominion has become degraded.+and is becoming more and more degraded; Now, when we ■ come to the secondary schools, it is suggested, I do r.ot know with sound contention., that the tenehe.rs in the secondary schools are of a higher grade and more cultivated than those of tli.3 primary schools, and the children in the secondary schools havo bettor example, better influences, tlian those <in the nrimarv schools. It

may be that teachers in the secondary schools have higher apparent scholarship, tha,n those of the primary schools. But let mo give you an example: ] know a secondary school of great eminence in this Dominion in whieih the girls were gi\ ing a play, either by Goldsmith or Sheridan —that school of writers who certainly were very conscious '>i the. beauty of the English that they wrote and composed—.and the girl:; in the secondary school pronoimeed words like these—murit (merit), nmpov'jib'c (impossible), jestiee (justice). Th:'re was hardly a girl who spoke good English within tho definition of gr-'id English that I have set up myse.f. And ithoso girls were coached in these plays by some of the teachers of tho school and by ex-pupils of tho school. Associated, of course, with the speaking of good rnglish, is elocution. I am not convinced that tho teaching of elocution in schools is a euro for the evil that I am attempting to represent to you, because elocution is tho art of speaking, but it is the speaking itself that I am conccrni d with. I think that the whole Dominion ought to bo awakened to the fact that teachers, even in V " .most elementary schools, should not bo r-hosen as teachers unless they are persons of some culture, in tho speaking of English. Theso teachers are being brought into association with children at the imitative age, and they will be responsible for tho kind of English that tho children will speak throughout their lives. The governesses in" the homos of the people in England are eho en with the greatest discrimination, chosen because of the English tlicy speak. One governess in the home in England is preferred to another because of the refinement of diction. May 1 say that there is nothing more characteristic of tho refined English mail and English ivonian, particularly tho English wr.niLii, thn in<> beauty of their speaking voices, and the boauty -of their diction. T do not kno>v how, what T consider to be a great evil, can bo checked, f apeak of it as a great r-vi) becnu-o ib is n national possession that the language we speak should be ex'tltod to its highest beauty. A groat deal of tho beautiful poetry which is our everlasting national possession, is nlmost better spoken than read.* It is fatal to iho reading 10-f ramo of our great poetry that it should be read as it is read by pupils in schools and read by teachers in schools. Ft has been snid that one of the >nroce.s-es thattend to degrade the sneaking of English in New Zealand is tho number of Scotchmen who are teachers. I reply to that by saying that dialect, und in my experience I should say t-'iat tho Scotchmen of New Zealand, out anJ out. sneak better English than the New Zoalandors. Tho most beautiful reader that T ever met in a echoed was my old schoolmaster, the Rev. James Cuniming, who used ito b:» the headmaster of tho West Ohristchurc-h School in Christchurch, and so beautifully did hr> read that it was <a reward to the .school for their industry, that h.e should read ti thorn for a quarter of ;>n hour at tho <!id of school day. Now, sir, 1 <!<> n-i-fc know what cure is, but T do think there should-be in Utis Dominion one or t'vo men or womra in each of theso islands whose sole purpose it should be to travel round amongst the schools and to have intercourse with tho teachers, and with the v^orjl chililmn in their plnv and in their work, and to correct imperfections such as thrv find them, to spook to the ft achers

and to tho children in eoid F.nelish. norhans rend to them some English, and to illustrate to them "how nn-hea'it:fr«l their own <.noalcin"r is hv slKnviirr +^-^n hnn* l>e;ntifnl it is to hear good Knglish rend ?<'id snirvken. Tt. is a> wv-'oiir ration?. I t^at. the "beauty of Fno;----li'-h sh^'i'd he im!T>aired. Tn the Prnvinco of Cantorhurv, wlioro I sppnt mv voi'+ih. we wovo f'>rtiKiate in liavins ■TlTton-cit o'ir of""l;est. sp+tlGrs neonlo u-hn sD^k". h»aii*'f-il English.. T do not knov/ whether their influenco still sur-

vives in Canterbury. lam not saying that is exclusively there where good English is spoken in New Zealand, but I vsav it should be spoken throughout our Dominion in every sphere. a:id. phaso of our life. The way to get it, to hope to get it, is to sey t'liaifc our teachers, from the lowest to tho highest, r.peak the kind of English thsit I havo attempted to sagge-it u> this Commission should be our national possession.

On tho second matter I do not wish to say very much, that is on the constitution of Education Boards. I i\m not ono of those'who think that tho only right kind of governing body ishouUl bo a body of experts, but I do think that the constitution of our Education Hoards should be so altered, that the Boards should represent that portion of tho community that is really interested in education. I think that tho Education Boards as at present constituted do not differ in point of qualification, from tho ordinary lload Board, or Licensing Committee, or Town Council, or Borough Council, or may I say members of Parliament. I think that on every Education Board there should bo one or two mvn, by whatever franchise they (may bo selected, but selected because of their association with education and with educated persons of -some knowledge of educational systems, snmo knowledge of how to deal with experts, some knowledge of how to awess tho value of asserted qualificaition.s of applicants for educational pests. Some of the Education Boards have within their control secondary schools, and require some knowledge of tho value of tho testimonials' that are brought forward, tho value of the person for tho post As far as lam aware Education Boards if'they aro qualified to do this, that Qualification: is purely accidental. [ think the Education Boards as at present constituted, voted for by school committees, are? not capable for this important function, exceot perhaps because of some accidental Qualification. It has occurred to me, it may bo a. tentative suggestion, that in ever^ Educational District the whole of tho graduates should voto for one member of the Education Board, I mean a graduate of any University recognised by the Education Department. If the graduates aro not already interested in .education, giving theiii this power .'may make them interested, as it is their duty to bo. Incidentally T may say that the graduated of the University of New Zealand are very faintly interested as a body in general education. They have their vote for the election of a member of the Senate. If yo,i gave them that power and the franchise I have suggested it might make them interested in education, and might result certainly in ono or two men being chosen for the Education Boa ids, because of their qualification in the n-rricv of education. As to school: .committees, the way that they aro elected in country districts, you cannoi> expect the?© committees to choose men for the Education Boards on Any other prn-uivls than, for example, ifchose upon which a Just-ice of the Peace is appointed in a country district. : Ihe resultia that you do not get on Edue-ation Boards an-association of men who .tip -really best qualified to control ir t<» oxerciso the functions of an T^duc-itio'i Board, other than the ladmiti'.strpiivo functions. Ido not say anything abort that. These men are.perhaps'business men in a eimall or laT^er way. and they may be trusted with the admhm'-rati/o functions, but these aro to ray i: uil the least imoortant.

Now as to technical schools. It se«>jps to mo that the technical' educa'-':on of this Dominion, apart from mere tvnrual instruction, should be'grin sone-\vhe-o and should end somewhere, that it. should bo a. continuous assoe:at:•.»:] with the- educat;on that leads up i.i it, and it should lead somowho-e. j + poems to me that you will never hnve t-ho incentive to hi eh technical eclu»-:i--tion unless there is a coui-se "of Kt/«'v n'onroved of by the Headnun ster of th'"> College which results iri either l^ndinc to "Dnivereitv work, or in le-adrnar t-o ft diploma given hv the Colleo-,? i+wf That diplclma would be an assertion t< tho outside world that thit c^url<iit is sent out. with some guaranty +h;it ho has fulfi'led his work'in the CoMr-'gi'V: • Mere desultory attendance n+- lefttmos at a technical college can end in rothing of advantage. The mere erection and c rent ion of classes at a toohnical college is only the beginning of things, there must be the class, there mur-t r>c the thoroughly qualified teacher, th'ero must be tho course of study, and there must bo a recognised end to that course so far as the College is concern-ad. It is hoped that a school like this one (the Technical College of Wanganui) will have, oi* should have, a relationship to the work of the University, that it should lead either in its branches of engineering, in its technical side, or iv its Arts course, to the University; unless it leads somewhere in connection with higher education its work must be mis-spent. Now on tho actual, the technical side, I havo not much to say except this, that up till quito recently you could in vain look for an employer in Wanganui, either in a merchant's or a law office^ who ha<s over been abio to get from the Technical School in Wanganui a boy who was any good whatever in typewriting. I do not know why.

Mr. Pirani: A good job, too

Air. Cohen (to Mr. Pirani): It i\i»inot lie t\ gcotl job if there is the wetence of instruction, which in the iesult is zero.

To Mr Piram: It were bettor to .abolish tho classes in type-writing; and everything else unless there is somo g;:-r>d teaching and good discipline ur.d something that leads somewhere, that ia my own opinion, but it may ha/o no value. 1 think the time has none by now to discuss tho question as to whether the typewriter is not ruinous tj in dividuality. The type-writer has now to:no to st};y, and no office is equioped without it. People have not time to decipher the bad handwriting of the children who came from our ;>ub'.',' schools. L know matriculation class-vs havo been start ml and h^-vo net rospt"-< d, I knmv that a very capable barrister here delivered somo lectures •:;>

on eomnrercia] law and he? had to aeu • don tho lecturer. I know a very vhlo barrister is now lecturing on law ii v jjopuhir w:vy. Ho started with nine students, he has now got six, a kI 1 doubt if ho will have that number in <-i short time.

Mr. Pirani: Aro there- not onou^l: lavvvcrs already?

Mr. Cohen: I do not think then; aro enough, good lawyers. Tlvero aro a £e-.d many ];nv students in Wanganui iv'n «ift nf.sistaneo from tho profession. I would .siifiL'ost, that law classes shoal.l not be held nt the Technical Colldco iitj-lc-s thon> is o. d.'inand for theni. I liavo fxaminod several ;;ef'o;j(i:ii"y schools. I think tho examination sy.stom ir, in a sense ■necessary, and ii a sense baneful. I think that a perf-jiie-tory insneotion of a school is of no viluo wh-Atover. I sliould say that, givm a gtMid staff, a competent headmaster or headmistress, if worthy of their position in a ""ood secondary school, "ought to ho better trusted to-ronort to tho

HnaM as to t.bo resulit of the working of that, school than any «v«t"im of p\:«mi nation erm do. hut voh I think the 1 imo has not vet arrived to <lispen-s<l entirely with external ox^nrnations. T think t,r>o much stress i^ laid unon ex-p-n;nation*. T think that -why it is that you find *o m"eh more care in the K.™>fi\<-''ncr of "Fifl'sh in t.h^ Old Counirv \sth's, that '^ncrnacs mean eomunh more fo them. T moan thnt evorv ppeomplished man or woman speaks

French. It is just as necessary for them to -speak French, to travel or to bo literary, or even to be in business in England, as it would be for us who cross from Wellington to Lytteltoii to speak English. When you get among the Germans they speak very good English, there is care and particularity about their pronunciation. The French people don't speak very tomc-h but French, and all these influences go to tho -preservation of their own particular language. As to Education Boards I can think of eases where the Wanganui Education Board has made mistakes in tho annnintment of teachers, through the Board not possessing sufficient knowledge of teachers' qualifications and of educational matters. Tihe Board, it is true, has had tho .advantage of valuable expert advice from its inspectors. It should not, however, be compelled to delegate these important functions. I consider that the Wanganui Education Board is not composed of educated or cultured men. T venture the opinion that there is not a smglo member cf it who has ever boon inside ;i secondary school or a CoUeye a.s a pupil. These were the men who were governing educational mattere in cliis large district.

j To Mr. Wells: My object, if I may ; say so, in instancing the attention pak ■ to tho selection of govenn.'«.ios at home is to show that there aro influences at '■ work in England which tend to pr-cv ' fcrvo tho purity of tho language. As wo have not the choice of governesses in that 'way generally throughout tho . Dominion it behoves us to see that teachers aro qualified. ! To Mr. Davidson: 7 think the de- ■■ cradation of tho spoken Encrlish in the Dominion is not more marked in any one province than another, and is due imam Iv to carelessness, laziness, indistinct utterance, and. slovenliness.

To Mr. Hoghen: T think that Dr. Parkin, tvhen ho visited New Zealand eight years atro, if particularly* fctriurk by tho good pronunciation that h.e heard in New Zealand could have met only tho cultivated and refined people, here. If tho training colleges have principals who a'o particular in the matter of pronunciation and enunciation I should say it would bo an excellent i thing.

To the Chairman: T think the foci of a youth coming to at<i-chnicnl <■-,-hon' and thero listening to a rKwulnr expnsition of law will ho helrtful to him >n hh stiulies mid offlre work.