RADIO

Taranaki Daily News, 7 December 1929, Page 12

RADIO

A GREAT SCIENTIST.

FARADAY’S' DISCOVERIES.

ELECTRICAL • INDUCTION.

Arrangements are being made by the Royal Institution of Great Britain, iii conjunction with the Royal Society and the British Association, to celebrate, in September, 1931, the centenary, of the discovery of 'elctro-magnetic induction by the English chemist 'and physicist, Michael Faraday, says an exchange. The conclusions reached by Faraday, consequent upon his famous researches, laid the foundation for all subsequent electrical inventions. • Although the existence, of electricity w as vaguely known as early as 600 BC the first electric current was not produced until 1799. Faraday’s .discovery in 1831 gave the first great impetus to" 7 electrical research. After laborious experiments he discovered the induction of electric currents and the creation of

currents by the motion Of conductors in magnet fields which initiated the eia of modern electro-technics. After ten days of brilliant investigation he establislied, in short, the fact that a current may be induced in a conducting circuit simply by the variation in a magnetic field, the Jines of f° rce /°f which are linked witli that circuit. Faraday was born at Newington, Surrey, on September 22, 1791. Hie father was a blacksmith, and Faraday was ap-

prenticed to a bookbinder at an early a"e. At the age of 21 he heard four lectures by Sir Humphrey Davy, and from that time he formed a strong desire to probe into the seccts of nature. After his appointment as assistant at the laboratory of the Royal Institution in 1813, and a tour through Europe with Davy, he became director of the laboratory in 1825. In 1833 he was appointed Fullerton professor at the institution for life, without the obligation to deliver lectures. He was at the institution for 54 years and died at Hampton Court on August 25, 1867. Faraday’s earliest chemical work was in the paths opened by Davy, to whom he acted as assistant. He .made a special study of chlorine and discovered two new chlorides of carbon. He. also

made the first rough experiments on the diffusion of gases, a phenomenon first pointed out by John Dalton. H 6 succeeded in liquifying several gases; he investigated the alloys of steel and produced several new kinds of glass in-

tended for optical purposes. A specimen of one of these heavy glasses later became historically important as the substance in which Faraday detected the rotation of the plane of polarisation of light when the. glass was placed in a magnetic field. ' Important as it was Faradays chemi-

I cal work waa soon completely overshadowed by. his electrical discoveries. His first notable discovery was the production of the continuous rotation of magnets and of wires conducting Jhe

electric current round each other. This led him to discover the method of producing the continuous rotation of the wire round the magnet and of the magnet round the wire. Although the tan-

gential force between an electric current and a magnetic pole was clearly apprehended by some scientists at the time, the realisation of the continuous rotation of the wire and the magnet

round, each other was a scientiiic' puzzle requiring no mean ingenuity for its original solution. ... On the one hand the electric current

always forms a closed circuit and on the other the two poles of the magnet have equal but opposite properties and are inseparably connected, so that whatever tendency there is for one pole to circulate round the current in one direction is opposed by the tendency of the other pole to go round the other

way. Thus the one pole can neither dracr the other round the wire nor leave it behind. This can only .be done by adopting Faraday’s ingenious solution by causing the current in some part of its course to divide into two channels one on each side of the magnet, so that the middle of the magnet can pass across the current without stopping it. . . . Faraday’s crowning discovery oi elec-

tro-magnetic induction was made in September, 1831. He made several unsuccessful attempts to obtain an electric current by means of a magnet and to

produce a current in one wire by means of a current in another wire. He persevered and at last he obtained evidence that an electric current can induce another in a different circuit. During his first period of discovcry Faraday also established the identity of. the electrification produced in diffeient ways, the law of the definite electrolytic action of . the current,’ and also the fact, upon which he laid great stress, that every unit of positive electrification is related in a definite manner to a unit of negative electrification. He found that it was impossible to produce an “absolute charge of electricity” of one kind not’ related to an equal charge of an opposite kind. He also discovered the difference of the capacities of different substances for taking part in electric induction. In 1841 he realised he wanted rest, and it was not until 1845- that he. entered upon his second great period of research in which he discovered the effect of magnetism on polarised light and the phenomena of diamagnetism. Faraday’s work provides a supreme example of concentration in his efforts to identify the apparently different forces of nature, of far-sightedness in selecting subjects . for investigations, and of energy in the working out of his discoveries. When at length he found his memory failing and his mental powers declining lie gave up without ostentation or complaint whatever parts of his work he could no longer carry on according to his own standards of efficiency. When he was no longer able to apply his mind to science he remained content and happy in the exercise of those kindly feelings and warm affections which ■. he had cultivated no less carefully than his scientific powers.

WIRELESS PROGRAMMES 7 J NEW ZEALAND STATIONS.

IYA Auckland. —3 p.m., afternoon session, selected studio items; 4, litererary selection; 4.8, studio items; 4.25, sports results to hand; 5, children’s session; 6, dinner session, His .Master’s Voice Hour; concerted, Light Opera Company; Flonzaley String Quartet; organ, F.. Roland-Timms; 6.30, Victor •Symphony Orchestra; conceited, Light Opera Company; Hilo Hawaiian Orchestra t instrumental trio, De Groot, Bor and Calve; selection, Piccadilly Orchestra; 7, news and market reports, sports results to hand; 7.40, talk by Mr. D. G. Rutter on “Gladioli”; 8, chimes; relay from Auckland Town Hall of concert by the Auckland Municipal Band under the conductorship of Mr. Christopher Smith; 10, Brunswick drnee programme; choral, Forbes Randolph’s Kentucky Jubilee Choir; waltz and foxtrots; 10.29, organ, Lew White; foxtrots and waltzes;- 10.45, vocal duet, Luther ’and Robison; fox-trots; 11. close down.

2YA Wellington. —3 p.m., chimes; 3.1, selected gramophone items; 4.30 and 4.50, sports results to hand; 5, children’s session; 6, dinner session, Columbia Hour; pianoforte, Gil Deeh; piano, Constance Mering; waltz medley, Eddie Thomas’ Collegians; saxophone, Rudy Wiedoeft; 6.30, mandoline band, Circle Mandolinistico; waltz, Symphony Orchestra; Musical Art Quartet; saxophone, Rudy Wiedoeft; pianoforte, Gil Dech; instrumental, Eddie Thomas Collegians; 7, news session, market reports and sports results; 7.40, lecturette, Mr. A. Varney (honorary secretary Wellington Cricket Association), “The English Team”; 8, chimes; overture, 2YA Salon Orchestra, under the conductor ship of Mr. Mat, Dixon; relay from the Concert Chamber, Town Hall, of the Wellington

Harmonic Society’s final concert of the 1929 season; part song, choir; bass so.o, Mr. J. M. Caldwell; part songs, choir;

’cello, Mr. Claude Tanner; part song, choir; male quartet, Harmonic Quaitet; part songs, choir; weather re and announcements; instrumental, _Y Salon Orchestra; continuation of concert; madrigal, choir; folk song, choi.

(soloist, Mr. R. R. Orr); ladies’ choir; bass, Mr. J. M. Ga-dweil, part song, choir; ’cello, Mr. Claude Tanner; chorus, choir; 10 (approx.),.Brunswick dance programme; male trio, Lail Burnett’s Biltmore Trio; fox trots and

waltz; 10.36,, violin, Fredric I’tadkiii: fox-trot, Pleasure Bound Orenestra: waltz, Regent Club Orchestra; sporting

summary; 11, close down. 3YA Christchurch.—3 p.m., afternoon session, selected studio items, ••b sports results to hand; 5, childrens session; 6, dinner sesion, Parlophone Houi; Hawaiian, David Kaili; kinema organ, Leslie Harvey; waltz, Dajos Bela Orchestra; saxophone, Arnold Bnlnar , 6.30, waltz, Dajos Bela Orchestra; piano

and orchestra, Rare <ia Bela Orchestra; selection, Edith Lorand Orchestra; waltz, Dajos Bela Orchestra, 7, news session; 7.30, sports results; 8, chimes; overture, Mandolin Band; mezzo-soprano, Miss Anita Giaham, ’cello, Mr. Harold Beck; popular songs, Mr. Leslie Stewart; Christchurch Broadcasting Trio; contralto, Mrs. D. W. Sta - lard; xylophone, A. W. Bennett; recital, Mr. Harold Shaw; solo at piano, Miss Anne Stephenson; baritone, Mr. W. J. Richards; selection, Debroy Somers

Band; weather report; mezzo-soprano, Miss Anita Graham; ’cello, Mr. Harold Beck; popular song, Mr. Leslie Stewart; Christchurch. Broadcasting Trio; contralto, Mrs. D. W. Stallard; 9.31, organ, Stanley McDonald; recital, Mr. Harold Shaw; solos at piano, Miss Anne

Stephenson; baritone, Mr. W. J. Richards; Band of Garde Republicaine de France; 10, Columbia dance programme; vocal duet, Layton and Johnstone; foxtrots; 10.27, cinema ofgan, Regal t Cinema organ; fox-trots and waltzes; vocal solo, Ruth Etting; fox-trots; 11, close down.

4YA Dunedin. —3 p.m., chimes; 3.1, selected gramophone items; 4.25, sports, results to hand; 5, children’s session; 6, dinner session, Columbia hour; selection, Court Symphony Orchestra; Paul Whiteman’s Orchestra; 6.30, Sandler’s Orchestra; Marimbas, Padilla’s Marimba Serenaders; pianoforte, Gil Dech; Royal Serbian Tambquritza Orchestra; intermezzo, Ketelby’s Orchestra; marimbas, Rio Alarim ba Serenaders; cinema organ, G. T. Pattman; march, National Military Band; 7, news session; 7.40, lecturette by Pastor W- D. More, “Rabbits”; 8, relay of 3YA Christchurch (vaudeville programme); 10, His Master’s Voice dance programme; 10.13, tenor, Lewis James; Hawaiian, Hilo - Hawaiian Orchestra; waßz; foxtrot; tenor, Barrington Hooper; foxtrot -and waltz; 10.38, male trio, Melody Three; fox-trot, Shilkret’s Orchestra; selection, New Mayfair Orchestra; bass with chorus, Paul Robeson; foxtrot; 11, close down.

TO-MORROW’S PROGRAMME.

IYA Auckland. —3 p.m., afternoon ses ; sion; selected studio items; 4, literary selection; 4.8, studio items; 5, children’s session; 6.55, relay of service from St. David’s Church—Preacher, Rev. D. C. Herron, organist, Mr. E. S. Craston; 8.30 (approx.), studio concert; choral, . Royal Opera Chorus; instrumental, Studio Trio; contralto, Sigrid Onegin; pianoforte, Mr. E. Waters; tenor, Joseph Hislop, “Addio Alla Madre”; ’cello, Miss Molly Wright; soprano, Dusolina Giannini; vfolin, Miss Ina Bosworth; vocal duet, Walter Glynne and Stuart Robertson; instrumental, Studio Trio; selection, Eighteenth Century Orchestra; 9.30, close down. •2YA Wellington.—3 p.m., afternoon session, selected studio items; 6, children’s song service; 7, relay of service from. St. Paul’s Pro-Cathedral, Wellington —Preacher, Canon Percival James, organist and choirmaster, Mr. Robert Parker; 8.15 (approx.), studio concert by the Wellington Municipal Tramways Band under the conductorship of Mr. E. Franklin, and assisting artists; hymn, band; march, band; soprano, Miss Nora Gray; baritone, Mr. C. Wilkie; vocal duet, Mrs. A. Murie and Miss Hilda Chudley; cornet solo with band accompaniment, Bandsman W. Stevenson; contralto, Miss Hilda Chudley, Negro spiritual; chorus, band; weather report; soprano, Miss Nora Gray; instrumental trio, De Groot, Bor and Calve; baritone, Mr. C. Wilkie; selection, band, “William Tell”; vocal duet, Mrs. A. Murie and Miss Hilda Chudley; violin, Marjorie Hayward; contralto, Miss Hilda Chudley; waltz, band; march, band; close down. - 3YA Christchurch.—3 p.m., afternoon session, selected studio items; 5.30, children’s song service (children of the Church of Christ Sunday Schools); 6.15, hymn tunes from studio; 6.30, studio

concert; piano and orchestra, Alfred Cortot and London Symphony Orchestra Negro spirituals, Paul Robeson; arand organ and orchestra, Victor Symphony Orchestra; 7, relay of service from Church of Christ, Moorhouse Ave-nue-Preacher, Rev. A. E. Tebay, organist, Miss E. Hepburn, choirmaster, Mr. H. Ames; 8.15 (approx.), re-broad-cast of 4YA Dunedin (relay from St. Kilda Band Rotunda' of concert by the St. Kilda Band.

4YA Dunedin. —3 p.m., chimes; 3.1, selected gramophone items; 5.30, children’s song service; 6.30, relay of service from St. John’s Anglican ChurchPreacher, Archdeacon Fitchett; 7.55, weather report; 8.5, relay from St. Kilda of concert by the St. Kilda Band; 9.15, close down.