OTAGO.

Southland Times, Volume 2, Issue 59, 2 June 1863, Page 5 (Supplement)

OTA GO .

- _ -'-. ■ "*3XUNEDiN. 1; ,.. Ctx '■■ . • ■; Saturda^, v 23T^ May. The elections -for £j£nV city of Bun•edin are over, *nd .Uie ** olti'identity, 1 ' .^almost to a man, hare secured seats in , *8&e Provincial Council. What apjiear s j to me strange In this. >nd. previou s elections I have witnessed in Dunedin is, that voters do not appear to act "" upon a,i»y defined princiiples of political policy. Mr. Dick obtains supporters simply because lie is Mr. Bide, a past Provincial Secretary, or an open air -«ea-beach preacher ef the gospel. Mr. Dick, as a politician, or a land reformer, or a separationist, pr an advocate for an amended tariff, is not taken into consideration. Those who voted for him or the others wiho hare been returned, never, for one moment, thought or cared what would result in the future by the measures (he or they might initiate, and bring to pass. M'Sweeny voted for his man because they came out from the old country in the same ship together. M'Sandy plumped for a candidate upon the strong grounds that he leased a quarter-acre section from him ; another because the candidate 'bought sugar and groceries at his store, and so on all through this election farce. Had those who have been returned enunciated the very opposite political principles, they would still have been elected, 'for what right -had the land question to interfere with standing by a shipmate, -or separation to do with a man under >whom one "holds a valuable building allotment upon favorable terms. If a Kilgour -ox a .Reynolds buys his domestic requirements at my shop, what care I whether lie <is favor of a tariff or no tariff at arl. Political tprinciples, will -never buy 'the child a frookr; I dispose of % rriy wares fco the best adva-wtage, end so I do my vote. What else^stthevuse -tff me being a free and indepenSennt 'elector:. Such appears ■to me to been the motive power which 'has sent -a body of respectable I retropressionist :inGapables into the I -Council. 1 1 could not fail to note that among 1 ell the promises maile by the various I -candidates, not one of 'them broached 1 the necessity of our manufacturing and J commercial interests being fostered I -and protected. The greafcry was the (1 land ; everybody was to have land, fl and everybody appears to think that t\ land, and nothing but land will solve jj all difficulties. 'We 'have the most j intense red-hot agrarians who could J not tell you whether a growing crop tJ was wheat or b rley, or distinguish «| lucerne from water-cresses. WJiy, if d l you were to give every man in the FrotJ virtce fifty acres of land,' ntft one in a A J^iundied would or could turn it 'U> pro«1 fitable account. -Fvery one but^reaMy B | practical men talk of the possession -of jj land as a thing which in itself is tobring dl about an agricultural millennium. They I do not appear to be aware of the fact, h 1 that land 'before it can s be cultivated redl "<l u i re3 a large expenditure, much knowclj ledge, and a long time to 'grub, clear, nn| and fence it — to stodk it, and make 'it • 1 ready to produce for the markets. Men "j in new gold-producing countries will f » not wait for seed and harvest irae (as del the toiling husbandman must 1 do), when they can take stheir chance of 'j| tnaking large sums by gold digging, I storekeeping, importing from I cheaper markets, or<entering upon the I thousand and one speculations which >dJ promise a speedy. and 'remunerative re. J a .3 turn. Is Smith going to hire faimseff Jaylout for twelve shillings a-week and imJ rations, -when <he can 'knock -out his iTT m " ounce" a-day attfcheDunstan ©r Waka- »* 1 tip ? Will 'Giles take a jdb of rploughing at wages which a master «can only iml r 'ghtly afford topay,w3ien he camearn his . anl three pounds a-week with "*' tudker," on 1 ilthe roads-; and what does Jones say , when lie is offered 2s. 6d. a rod ifor a =2 three-railfence. Hetellsyouto'bed ; that he can earn his ten bob a day bul- , lock (punching. The 'fact is, people only ===s^ cryoutfor land because they have heard * th or !read,ior have had it dinned into them . by «tump orators and iplatform spouters, -pp l j|tha ; t at is «the source of all wealth-. So ____|it is'l ibut "Oeriainly not iathe manner it «o iignoran'tly =and -erroneously coneachjeeived to 'be. Let the pastoralists pos[fflJsess the land witST it is really wanted land Jby the agriculturist. When this cooies :jfcorß jto ibe the case, they naust yield by the —^orce of circumstances. The momenta it^lgjinan finds growing potatoes or wheat j e jaore profitable than fattening cattle or i - — -"-jbreeding sheep, depend upon it he will -^"^not be long before he turns from oae to ££ V other. The cry for land is all _-l— ffunkura. Commerce must be fostered d tolnd manufactures encouraged, so that 5 " fapital may be encouraged to come Z tmong us. Agriculture has never been t-clarai paying pursuit in Australia, and will treetK & j ess go j n jg ew Zealand for years to ___— -lome. When Goldsmith talked about — t Two! « Trades unfeeling train, slboaT«j sur p j an( j jyj^ digpoggegg th e swain," le intended that such a sentiment was ctivelppij [cable only to old England and a day wages ; but he would not have sung such nonsense in a ~*>ld producing country, where men are * 0 «ok for nuggets worth three pounds next jtventeen shillings per ounce. jU^here is no later news from the We are all anxiety to Jearn q 5 what has occurred in the interim, and > fear greatly that more savage atrocities have been committed upon the white r" population. The whole subject is surrounded by the most complex difficul- „ ties. One thing is certain, that conciL fai Hation has been too long tried, and that now war, eten'if it be a war of exter- ■ mination, is the only resource to make

life and property secure. I shall keep this letter.;, op"eri>until the last minute, that I may;give t :-you the particulars of any intelligence which may come to hand.-^v- * '•■'":■ -. -;.-U'"

Monday is to be a general holiday in honor of the marriage of the Prince of Wales. The banks, custom house, post office, and all public offices are proclaimed as closed. The shops will be shut and tradesmen go out of town or otherwise rejoice. I hope you are all equally loyal, but lam told that you are so bent ' upon the acquisition of the eternal dollar, that nothing is permitted to stand in your way. Several Bunedinites have returned back after a short stay in Invercargill, not liking the place. One gentleman informs me that your town is built on a subsoil of conglomerate sea weed, covered with a thin stratum of sand and grit ; that you will eventually collapse and -come to chaos; that he never got a decent comfortable feed while there, and that you ask a price for « few feet of land that would buy the fee simple of a gold field ; and that although there is undoubted signs of your going a-head pretty smart, he believes this to be a very bad sign. The gentleman alluded to is a very enterprising man of business ; he has smashed up twice bere, three times in Victoria, and left the old country under pressure, so I think he ought to know something of what he is talking about. Mr. Justice Gresson is to go on the first circuit to Invercargill on the loth July. Your criminal calendar, lam told, is likely to be very heavy, as will, I regret to say, be the case with ourselves. The Congregationalisms of Dunedin are about to erect a a building of their own for public worship, six hundred pounds having already been subscribed for that purpose. The new Insolvent Act for Otago has been proclaimed to •come in force on and from the Ist June — the " glorious first of June," as some .exclaim who have long been awaiting its operation. Imprisonment for debt, except under peculiar circumstances, will -soon be a thing of the past, and right that it should be so. Dunedin, Thursday 28th May. I wrote you by the William Miskin, whose mail closed here on Monday last. Soon after the letter bags were placed on board, the Misken took the mud and did not leave the Port until yesterday morning. It is probable you will get the first last, or if the last first, as a natural consequence, you get later news. The barque Zillah brings important intelligence from the North. I extract full particulars, and you will observe that Sir George Grey is really not fit to cope with the present emergency. The .Daily Timss says:—' 4 We are indebted to the-courtesy of Captain Ogilvie, of the schooner Canterbury, for a copy of the Wellington Independent, of the 16th ami -also an exJra of that date. The rumored defeat of the Natives is confirmed. (From "private intelligence we learn that Major Logan, of the 57th, attacked the rebels in full force, and succeeded in driv- , injr.them off the Tataraimake redoubt. The natives admit to the loss of 100. We have this entirely from a native report reeeivea in Wanganui on the 13th. Our correspoa<lent'(upon wham we place jrrc at reliance) considers the intelligence perfectly cre3itable, and we have no hesitation in putting it before the public at our earliest convenience. (sFrora the Wanqanui Ckronich May, 14.) The native meeting at Taiporohenni was hastFry broken up on receipt of the news of the outbreak at Taianaki, and most of the Maori es present startpfl for'the scene of strife ; though sonic of the Wanganui and Ngatikahunjrunu returned southwards They report, that the demeanor of the Taranaki and Ngatiruawui natives was most hostile, and that any speech of a peaceable, or even reasonable character. was quite scouted. Two o? our Wanganui natives, who went on towards Taranaki to gather the latest intelligence, arrived in town on Friday afternoon, having ridden from Whareroa, 70 miles, that day. Their report, which has since been confirmed, is, that the troops, at Tataramaika, were entirely surrounded by the natives and that they had heard heavy firing there all day on Wednesday. The Natives. — The following letter from Peihi Turoa(one of the principal chiefs on the river) to the WaNganui set tiers has been handed to us for publication by Mr Charles Broughton, who arrived here last evening from a meeting at B>aurika, en the Wanganui Kiver, at which were present about 800 natives : — f Translation. J Raaurikia, May 12th, 1863. Go this my letter to the town and all the pakehas. Friends this is my word to you. Don't think there will he any fighting in this our river, riz., Wanganui. Do not let the settlers living on their lands be frightened, let them remain where they are. If the pakehas want to fight let them 1 go to Taranaki and fight, and if the Maories want to fight, let them go there also— this is only my word, do you remain quietly on your own lands. The decision of making war at Wanganui will not be unknown to me. Don't pay attention to the words of people passing your way — the whole matter rests with me. This is all I have te say, although other tribes are absent and their thoughts unknown, the decision rests with me, and the determination of what is to be done. This is all, From me, From Pehl Turoa This letter was read before all the Chiefs of Wanganua, Rangitikei, Abuir, and Waitotara, assembled at. llaurikia on Wednesday, 13th May, 1863. Witnesses — C. W. Brovghton Epiha Turoa Aperahama te Huruhuru Noha te Rauhihu Koraitiana Haitnona Hiroti Aperonika , Hohepa j Aoopeta Turoa ■ Hori Kin pi ! . . Te Mawae j| Mete Kingi tfoam Hipango

CrOYERNOR PHILLIP'S ARRIVAL WITH THE FIRST FLEET. Governor Phillip^ arrival with the first fleet in Botany Bay — The bay examined — Arrival of the whole fleet — The ground near the watering place ordered to be immediately cleared — Port Jackson examined — Second and third interviews with natives— Governor Phillip returns to Botany Bay, and gives orders for evacuation of it — Arrival of two French ships — Preparations for encampment — Difficulties. January 1 8th, 1788.— At the very first landing of Governor Phillip on the shores of Hobson's Bay, an interview with the natives toek place. They were all armed, but on seeing the Governor approach with signs of friendship, alone and unarmed, they returned his confidence by laying down their weapons. They were perfectly devoid of clothing, yet seemed fond of ornaments, putting the beads and red baize that were given them on their heads or necks, and appearing pleased to wear them. The presents offered by their new visitors were all readily accepted, nor did any kind of disagreement arise while the ships remained in Botany Bay. This very pleasing effect was produced in no small degree by the personal address, as well as by the great care and attention of the Governor. Nor were the orders which enforced a conduct so humane more honorable to the persons i from whom they originated, than the I punctual execution of them was to the officers sent out. It was evident that 1 their wishes coincided with their duty 5 and that a sanguinary temper was no longer to disgrace the European settlers in countries newly discovered. The next care after landing was the | examination of the Bay itself, from which it appeared that, though extenI sive, it did not afford a shelter from the easterly winds ; and that iu consequence of its shallowness, ships, even of a moderate draught, wonld always be obliged to anchor with the entrance of the bay open, where they must be exposed to a heavy sea, that rolls in whenever it blows hard from the eastward. Several runs of fresh water were found in different parts of the bay, but there did not appear to be any situation to which there was not some very strong objection. In the northern part ot it is a small cieek, which runs a considerable way into the country, but it has water only fora boat, the sides of it- are frequently overflowed, and the low lands near it are a perfect swamp. The western branch. of the bay is continued to a great extent, but the officers sent to examine it could not find there any supply of fresh water, except in very small drains. Point Sutherland offered the most eligible situation, having a river of good water, though not in yery great abundance ; but to this part ot the harbor the ships could not approach, and the ground near it, even in the highest parts, was, in general, damp and spungy. Smaller numbers might indeed, in several spots, have found a comfortable residence \ but no place was found, in the whole circuit of Botany Bay, which seemed at all calculated for the reception of so large a settlement. While this examination was carried on, the whole flet-t had arrived. The Supply had not so much outsailed the other ships, as to give Goveruor Phillip the advantage he had expected in point of time. Ou the 19th of January, the Alexander, Scarborough, and Friendship cast anchor in Botany Bay ; and on the 20th, the Sirus, with the remainder of the cou- j voy. These ships had ail continued very healthy; they had not, however, yet arrived at their final station. The openness of this bay, and the dampness of the soil, by which the people would probably be rendered unhealthy, had already determined the Governor to seek another situation. He resolved, therefore, to examine Port Jackson, a bay mentioned by Captain Cook as immediately to the north of this. There he hoped to find not only a better harbor, but a fitter place for the establishment of his new government. But, that no time might be lost, in case of a disappointment in these particulars, the ground near Point Sutherland was ordered immediately to be cleared, and preparations to be made for landing under the direction of the Lieutenant-Govemor. Thsse arrangements having been settled, Governor Phillip prepared to proceed to the examination of Port Jackson, and as the time of his absence, had he gone in the Supply, must have been very uncertain, he went round with three boats, taking with him Captain Hunter and several other officers, that by examining several parts of the hari bor at once the greater dispatch might be made. On the 22nd of January they set out upon this expedition, and early in the afternoon arrived at Port Jackson, which is distant about three leagues. Here all regret, arising from the former disappointments, was at once obliterated, and Governor Phillip J had the satisfaction to find one of the finest harbors in the world, in which a thousand sail of the line might ride in perfect security. The different coves of thio harbor were examined with all possible expedition, and the preference was given to one which had the finest spring of water, and in whica ships/ can anchor so close to the shore, tl/at, at a very small expense, quays may be constructed at which the largest vessels may unload. This cove is about half a mile in length, and a quarter of a mite. across, the entrance. In honor of Lord Sydney, the. Governor distinguished it bv the name of ** Sydney Cove.'"

On the arrival of the boats at Port" Jackson, a second party of the. natives made its appearance near the place of landing. These also were armed with lances, and at first were vociferous ; but the same gentle means used towards the others, easily persuaded these also to discard their suspicions, and to accept whatsoever was offered. One man, in particular, who appeared to be the chief of this tribe, showed very singular marks of confidence in his new friends, and of determined resolution. Under the guidance <jf Governor Phillip, to whom he voluntarily intrusted himself, he Went to a part of the beach where the men belonging to the boats were then boiling their meat ; when he approached the marines, who were drawn up near that place, and saw that by proceeding he should be separated from his companions, who remained with several of the officers at some distance, he stopped, and with great firmness seemed by words and gestures, to threaten revenge if any advantage should be taken of his situation. He then went on with perfect calmness to examine what was boiling in the pot, and by the manner in which he expressed his admiration, made it evident that he intended to profit by what he saw. Governor Phillip contrived to make him understand that large shells might conveniently be used for the same purpose, and it is probable that by these hints, added to his own observation, he might be enabled to introduce the art of boiling among his countrymen. Hitherto they appeared to hare known no other way of dressing f&od except that of boiling* Their methods of kindling fire are very imperfect and laborious, for it is observed that they usually keep it burning, aud are very rarely seen without either a fire actually made, or piece of lighted wood, which they carry with them from place to place, and even in their canoes. The perpetual fires which, in some countries, formed a part of the national religion had, perhaps, no other origin than a similar inability to produce it at pleasure ; and if we suppose the original flame to have been kindled by lightning, the fiction of its comiug down from heaven will be found to deviate very little from the truth.

In passing near a point of land in this harbor, the boats were perceived by a number of the natives, twenty of whom waded into the water unarmed, received what was offered them, and examined the boat with a curiosity which impressed a higher idea of them than any former accounts of their manners had suggested. This confidence and manly behaviour induced Governor Phillip, who was highly pleased with it, to give the place the name of "Manly Cove." The same people afcerwards joined the party at the place where they had landed to dine. They were then armed, two of them with shields and swords, the rest with lances only. The swords were made of wood, small in the gripe, and, apparently, less formidable than a good stick. One of these men had a kind of white clay rubbed upon the upper part of his face, so as to have the appearance of a mask. This ornament, if it can be called such, is not common among them, and is probably assumed only on particular occasions, or as a distinction to a few individuals. One woman had been seen on the rocks as the boats passed, with her face, neck, and breasts thus painted, and to our people appeared the most disgusting figure imaginable ; her own countrymen were, perhaps, delighted by the beauty lof the effect. During ihe preparation ! for dinner, the curiosity of these vi iiors rendered them very troublesome, butan innocent contrivance altogether re moved the inconvenience. Governor Phillip drew a circle round the place where the English were, and, w ithout much difficulty made the natives understand that they were not to pass that line ; after which they sat down in perfect quietness ; another proof how tractable these people are when no insult or injury is offered, and when proper means are taken to influence the simplicity of their minds. January 24tb, 1788.— 0n the 24th of January, Governor Phillip, having sufficiently explored Port Jackson, and found it in all respects highly calculated to receive such a settlement as he was appointed to establish, returned to Botany Bay. On his arrival there, the reports made to him both of the ground which the people were clearing, and of the upper parts of the bay, which in this interval had been more particularly examined, were in the greatest degree unfavorable. It was -impossible, after this, to hesitate concerning the choice of a situation ; and orders were accordingly issued for the removal of the whole fleet to Port Jackson. That Botany Bay should have appeared to Captain Cook in a more advantageous light than to Governor Phillip, is not by any means extraordinary. Their objects were very different — the one required only shelter and refreshment for a small vessel, and during but a short time — -the other had great numbers to provide for, and was necessitated to find a p'ace wherein ships of very considerable burthen might approach the shore with ease, and lie at all times in perfect security. The appearance of the place is picturesque and pleasing, and the ample harvest it afforded of botanical acquisitions made it interesting to the philosophical gentlemen engaged in that expedition ; but something more essential than beauty of appearance, and more necessary than philosophical riches, must be sought in a place where the permanent residence of multitudes is to be established. Preparations for a general were now made with all convenient expedition, but on tKe morning of the 2*th the greatest astonishment was Bj>r§si4 throughout tb,s fleet oj the *p-

pearanfte of two ships Under French colors. In this remote region,- visitors from Europe were very little expected, and their arrival, while the cause of it remained unknown, produced in some minds a temporary apprehension, accompanied by a multiplicity of conjectures, many of them sufficiently ridiculous. Governor Phillip was the first to recollect that two ships had been sent outj some time before from France, for the purpose of/ discovery, aud rightly concluded these to be the same* But as the opposition of the wind and a strong current prevented them from at present working into the harbor, and even drove them out of sight again to the South, he did not think proper to delay his departure for the sake of making further inquiry. Janunry 25th, 1788.— 0n the 25th of January, therefore, seven days after the arrival of the Supply, Governor Phillip quitted Botany Bay in. the same ship, and sailed to Port Jackson. The rest of the fleet, under convoy of the Sinus, was ordered to follow as soon as the abatemeatof the wind — which then blew a strong gale — should facilitate its working out of the Bay. The Supply was scarcely out of sight when the French ships agjiin appeared off the mouth of the harbor, and a boat was immediately sent to them, with offers of every kind of information and assistance their situation could require. It was now learnt that these were, as the GoVernnor had supposed, the BoUssole and the Astrolabe, on a voyage of discoVery, under the conduct of Monsieur La Perouse. January 26th, 1 788.-!— On the 26th, the transports and store ships, attended by the Sirius, finally evacuated Botany Bay ; and in a very short time they ! were all assembled in Sydney Cove, — the place now destined for their pOrt and the reception of the new settlement. The French ships had come te an anchor in Botany Bay just before the departure of the Sirius ; and, during the intercourse which then took place, M» La Perouse had expressed a strong desire of having some letters conveyed to Europe. Governor Phillip was no Sooner informed of this than he despatched an officer to him with full information of the time when it was probable our ships would sail, and with assurances that his letters should be punctually transmitted. By this officer, the following intelligence was brought back concerning the voyage of the Austrolabe aud Boussole. These vessels had sailed from France in June, 1785. They had touched at the Isle of Santo Cathcrina, on the coast of Brazil ; from tkence had gone by the extremity of South America into the Pacific Ocean, wheie they had run along by the coasts of Chili and California. They had afterwards visited Easier Island, Nootka Sound, Cook's lliver, Kamschatka, Manila, the Isles des Nnvigateurs. Sandwich and the Friendly Islands. M. La I'firouse had also anchored off Norfolk Island, but could not land on account of the surf. In this long voyage he had not lost tiny of his people by sickness, but two boats' crews had unfortunately perished in a surf on the north- : west coast of A merica ; and at Masuna, ; one of the Isles des Navigateurs, M. I /Angle, captain of the Astralobe, had met with a fate still more unfortunate. That officer had gone ashore with two longboats for the purpose of filling- some watercasks. His party amounted to forly men, and the natives, from whom the French had received abundance of refreshments, and with whom they had been Unifonnl> on the best terms, did not on their lauding show any signs of a change of disposilion. Malice unprovoked, and treachery without a motive, seem inconsistent even with the manners of savasres; the French officers, therefore, confiding in this unbroken state of ainitv, had suffered their boats to lie aground. But whether it were thai the friendly beha or of thenatives had proceeded only fro n.i fear, or that some unknown offence had been given, they seized the moment when the men were busied in getting out the boats to make an attack eaually furious and unexpected. The assault was made with stones, of which prodigious numbers were thrown with extraordinary force and accuracy of direction. To this treachery M. L' Angle fell a sacrifice, and with him twelve of his party, officers, and men. The long boats were destroyed, and the remainder of those who had gone ashore escaped with difficulty in their small boats, the ships, in the mean time were under sail, tind having passed a point of land that intercepted the view, knew nothing of this melancholy and unaccountable affray till the boats returned. This fatal resuit, from too implicit a confidence, may perhaps very properly, increase the caution of the Europeans in their commerce wiih savasres, but ought not to excite suspicion. The resentments of such people are sudden and sanguinary ; and where the intercouse of language is wanting, may easily be awakened by misapprehension ; but it seems possible to treat them with sufficient marks of confidence, without abandoning the guards of prudence. Offence is often given by the men while the officers are most studious to preserve harmonv, and against tile transports of rage which arise on such occasions, it is always necessary to be prepared. Perhaps, also a degree of awe should always be kept Up, even to preserve their friendship. It has been uniformly remarked by our people, that defenceless stragglers are generally illtreated by the natives ot' "New South Wales, while towards parties arnied and on their guard, they behave in tlib most amiable menner. The debarkation was now made at Sydney Govei and the work of clearing the ground for the encampment, as well as for i the store houses and other buildings, was begun without 1099 of time. But the labor which attended this necessary operation, was greater than can easily bo imagined by tbose who were not spectators of it. The coast as well as the neighboring country in general, is covered with wood ; and though in this spot the trees stood more apart, and were less encumbered with underwood than in many other plaoes, yet their magnitude was such as to render not only th« falling, but the removal of them afterwards, a task of no small difficulty. By the habitual indo-^ lenoe of the convicts, a»d the. want of proper overseers to keep them to tbejr duty, therr labor was rendered less efiji;, cient than it might have been. In.tbjel evening of the 26th the colors werejßil|| played on sli«e, and the governor, witti

several of- his prihbipal officers and others, assembled round the, flagstaff', drank thfe. king's h'eaitH ■„ with' alt 'that, display of form which on such occasions is deemed pro* pi tious, because it enlivens the spirits and fills the imagination wiih pleasing presages. From this time to the end of the first week in February, all was hurry and exertion* They who gave orders, and they who received them, were equally occupied —nor is it 'easy to conceive a busier scene than this part of the coast exhibited during the continuance of these first efforts towards establishment* The plan of the encampment was quickly formed, and places were narked out for every different purpose, so as to introduce, as much as possible, strict order and regularity, The materials and framework to construct a slight temporary habitktlon fbr the Governdr had been brought out from England, ready formed ; these were landed and put together vrith as much expedition as the circumstances would allow. Hospital tents were also, without delay, erected^ for which there Was soon but too much occasion. In the passage from the Cape there had been but little sickness, nor had many died, even among the convicts ; but soon after landing a dysentery prevailed, which, in several instances, proved fatal, and the scurvy began to rage with a violence, which kept the hospital tents generally supplied with patients. For those afflicted with this disorder the advantage of fish or other fresh provisions could but rarely be procured; m>r Were esculent vegetables often obtained in sufficient plenty to produce any material alleviation of tho complaint. In the dysentery, the red gum of the tree which principally abounds on the coast was found a vefy powerful remedy. The yellow gum has been diecovered to possess the same property, but in an inferior degree.

several of-his principal officers and others, assembled round, the, flagstaff', d>ank .tire.; 1 king*s h'eaitH ■„ with' alt 'that, display of form which on such occasions is deemed pro* pi tious, because it enlivens the spirits and fills the imagination with pleasing presages. From this time to the end of the first week in February, all was hurry and exertion* They who gave orders, and they who received them, were equally occupied —nor is it'easy to conceive a busier scene than this part of the coast exhibited during the continuance of these first efforts towards establishment* The plan of the encampment was quickly formed, and places were narked out for every different purpose, so as to introduce, as much as possible, strict order and regularity, The materials and framework to construct a slight temporary habitktlon fbr the Governdr had been brought out from England, ready formed ; these were landed and put together vrith as much expedition as the circumstances would allow. Hospital tents were also, without delay, erected^ for which there Was soon but too much occasion. In the passage from the Cape there had been but little sickness, nor had many died, even among the convicts; but soon after landing a dysentery prevailed, which, in several instances, proved fatal, and the scurvy began to rage with a violence, which kept the hospital tents generally supplied with patients. For those afflicted with this disorder the advantage of fish or other fresh provisions could but rarely be procured; m>r Were esculent vegetables often obtained in sufficient plenty to produce any material alleviation of tho complaint. In the dysentery, the red gum of the tree which principally abounds on the coast was found a vefy powerful remedy. The yellow gum has been diecovered to possess the same property, but in an inferior degree. j i I