STOCK AND GRAZING NOTES.

Otago Witness, Issue 3889, 25 September 1928, Page 21

STOCK AND GRAZING NOTES.

Weekly steck Sates. Burnside, Wednesdays. Addington, Wednesdays. Waiareka Railway JunoUon, Tuesdays Fortnightly. RtTersdale, Fridays (March, April, aiid May). Wallacetown, Tuesdays. Ashburton, Tuesdays, lieriot, Thursdays. Wintdn, Thursdays. Wyndham, Thursdays. Clinton, Thursdays. Balclutha, Fridays. Gore, Tuesdays. Monthly. Edendale, Ist Monday. Palmerston, 4th Thursday. Winton, 4th Tuesday. Mataura, Ist Thursday. Tokanui, 4th Monday

Monthly (contlnuod). Duntroon, 2nd Wodns*. day. Woodlands, 3r6 WchSnesday. Mtlton, 2nd Tuesday. Balfour, 3rd Thursday. Thornbury, Ist Friday. Otantau, 2nd Wednesday. Riversdale, 3rd Friday (except March, April, and May). Waikaka, last Friday. Clydevale, last Friday Periodically as Advertised. Lumsden, Mossburn, Orepuki, Waimahaka, Waikouaiti. Riverton, Ngapara, and Otago Central Sales.

OTAGO. The weather during the week in Otago was cold and of a wintry nature, with light falls of snow on the ranges in the Central. Withal, there were many hours of sunshine, but a slackening in the growth of vegetation generally.

BURNSIDE MARKET. The attendance was very fair, although country butchers were conspicuous by their absence. Some graziers evinced a desire to buy wethers lacking finish. An entry of 155 fat cattle (280 last week) in ordinary circumstances would have proved much too inadequate but for the fact that some butchers held a fair number at the abattoirs (possibly 100 head). The quality of those offered was generally good, and comprised finished averageweight bullocks and cows, a few heavy steers, and an odd pen of prime heifers. The demand opened well at an advance of £1 5s to £1 10s per head on the previous week’s rates, and continued at about that level on average-weight prime bullocks until the close of the sale, lightweights generally being dearer per 1001 b. Beef of best quality touched 48s per 1001 b and at times 50s. , The supply of fat sheep (2000, compared with 3242 last week) comprised fair average quality, some pennings of extra good ewes and heavy wethers, together with a moderate sprinkling of fine-woolled wethers and unfinished sorts. The demand opened fairly well with an improving tendency, heavy ewes early in the sale evoking keen competition at Is advance. Medium heavy sheep moved up Is to Is Cd, while for other grades the demand was very fair, to ease generally towards the finish.. On the whole values were better, butchers’ wethers of average weight making up to 73d per lb. A small entry of store cattle of no particular merit met with an unchanged demand. Medium yearling steers made £2 JOs to £3 10s and cows £7 to £lO 10s. The pig section was well supplied with 111 fats (146 last week) and 113 stores (136 last week). Baconers met with a very fair demand at unchanged rates, while porkers showed little change in values. The best of the store pigs moved off slowly at a shade better values, with inferior sorts dragging. Bacon pigs may be quoted as making to 61d and porkers to 7d per lb.

COUNTRY STOCK SAIZES. BALCLUTHA. Buyers were well represented at the Balclutha Corporation Yards sale, and the result was a good sale. The yarding of sheep comprised 600 fats and 1500 stores. Heavy fat wethers made from 40s to 46s 6d. others 34s to 395; fat ewes to 33s 6d. Two-tooth ewes to 38s 9d; mixed age ewes (in lamb), 31s to O6s; old ewes, 18s to 235; ewe hoggets, 33s 6d to 38s 9d; wether hoggets, 22s 8d to 26s 9d. Beef was in good demand, and fat cows sold at up to £l4; bullocks, to £l5. There was an unusually' large yarding of dairy cows, but the bulk of the animals could not be called first-class. Prices ranged from £8 to £l2, the average price for a cow close to profit being £lO. A pedigree Jersey heifer offered on behalf of Mr P. A. Watt was passed in at 16gns. A line of very small heifers in calf sold at £4 15s. There was a very good demand for young pigs, and the prices were markedly higher than those ruling a fortnight previously. Small suckers sold at an average of 10s, and better-grown up to 16s, while slips made up to 245. STOCK NOTES. The quality of the fat cattle yarded at the Burnside, metropolitan yards weekly continues satisfactory, the finish of some fat _cows and heifers leaving little to be desired. Values of dry sheep are firmly maintained in stock markets in the North

Island, best wether hoggets making to 365, medium to good 30s, small 27s to 28s, small ewe hoggets 22s to 31s. Other classes of stock realised unchanged rates. lhe New Zealand Meat Producers’ Board has received a cablegram from its representative in Australia advising that 14,317 carcasse. of lamb were exported from Australia for the fortnight ended September 14.

It is somewhat surprising to find so many prime fat ewes still being yarded at Burnside, many of them carrying great skins, and with carcasses as shape!.,’ as wethers, and young too. They realise around 41s per head. Why are they not carrying' a lamb? The prospects of a ’good lambing in Otago, at least in respect to farmers with land on the lower levels, appear justified. Iwins are reported in scores, one grazier marking 60 pairs in a ewe flock of some 180, another tallying 136 per cent, in a moderate-sized flock.

High prices were realised for Hampshire Down ram lambs at Abiesford Fair (England) recently, when 55 ram lambs from the Blendworth flock averaged £2B 12s. One lamb was hired for 270gns, and others at 50 to 70gns. The top price paid for the selling lambs was 200gns. In view of the comparatively small yarding of fat cattle at Burnside it was anticipated early in the sale that prices would show a sharp appreciation on opening values, and although at times such' was the case the fact that a considerable number of fat cattle was still on hand (at the abattoirs) served to steady wild buying, and prime bullock values proved fairly reasonable.

On Thursday evening, in the County Hall at Balclutha,- Mr Cook (Government wool instructor) gave an interesting address under the auspices of the Farmers’ Union on the subject of wool, including wool classing and kindred subjects. The lecture was illustrated by some very good lantern slides, and was highly appreciated by the small number of farmers present. Mr H Holgate occupied the chair, and conveyed the thanks of the union and the audience to Mr Cook. In the afternoon Mr Cook gave a demonstietion on live sheep at the farm of Mr A. King, Barnego, which was likewise much appreciated.

At a meeting of the directors of the Southland A. and P. Association, held on the 15th inst., it was decided that no recommendation be made in connection with the letter received from the Canterbury A. and P. Association asking support in the latter body’s movement to secure a change in the date of making the annual sheep returns from April 30 to June 30.

It is reported from Waikato that the prospects are that fat cattle and fat sheep will be still higher in price before the spring is over. A keen inquiry exists for' all classes of store sheep, with small yardings coming forward, hoggets, wethers, and ewes in lamb being in demand. There is. also a strong inquiry for all classes of store cattle, but very, few are offering. Apparently there is a shortage of male cattle, in the Waikato, ‘and unless supplies come from outside districts buyers will find it hard to fill requirements. Competition for good dairy herds and choice springing heifers is very keen, with high prices ruling, both in the yards and paddocks. A Wanganui farmer, when referring to “ bobby ” calves, said that it was a very handy way for farmers to dispose of them to the works, and also a means of getting some ready cash (reports the Herald). However, for years past he made a practice of disposing of his surplus calves on the farm. He was in Taranaki some years ago, and there noticed a farmer using an old horse to pull the skins off the calves, so he adopted the same system, and by this means could skin two at a time. The meat he boiled for the fowls and pigs, and the skins he sold. He considered that he could make more profit this way than by sending the calves to the works. The scheme of killing calves for export purposes, commenced by the South Canterbury Calf Committee, at Smithfield Freezing Works, last month, has now been placed on a firm footing, and is proceeding satisfactorily (states the Ashburton Guardian). To date 1300 calves have been slaughtered, and at the present time, the two butchers engaged are handling 150 calves daily. The committee has now arranged for the collecting lorries to call in separate districts on definite dates, thus expediting the work of collecting the calves. Several lorry loads, in excellent condition, have arrived from the Ashburton district, and the first consignment from North Canterbury is expected on Monday. ■ Apparently the Egmont County Council ranger is no respecter of persons (reports an exchange). . Speaking at a meeting of the council last, week members generally agreed that he was carrying out his work very efficiently, and was sparing no effort, either by night or day, to clear the roads of The wandering-stock nuisance. Two of the councillors could speak feelingly, as the ranger had quickly relieved them of ,a few shillings each in the case of some calves and some horses respectively that had accidentally strayed

on to the road. Both, however, appreciated his zeal, and etrongly favoured bis reappointment. A Manawatu farmer stated recently that the present had been a very good lambing uoae-ea, with high percentages of lambs and low mortality rates (reports an exchange). £t was fortunate, he proceeded, - that the lambing season was practically over by the time the recent bad weather had come, and if it had occurred a week or two earlier it would inevitably have resulted in a heavy loss. He anticipated that in the .high country along the Main Trunk line, where lambing was still proceeding, farmers would lose a number of lambs. That this had been a good winter, one of the best experienced for some years past, was further stated. There had been plenty of feed throughout, and owing to the pastures being in good heart hay had been little used for dairy stock, and there was practically no demand for it. The indications further were that the spring and early summer would be excellent, the grass having already come awav well, and conditions generally augured for a good summer. Dairy cows in several parts of North Otago have this year been affected with the disease known as contagious mamniitis. The disease takes the form of an inflammation of the udder, and is readily transmitted from one cow to another. Various remedies have been suggested from time to time, and some of these are claimed to be effectual. <- Those who have studied the disease urge the necessity for the complete isolation of cows tliat are effected, otherwise the whole herd may become contaminated. As a result of the canvass of the-Milton district by Messrs G. Fairbairn (testing officer for the Stirling Herd Testing Association), R. H. Michelle, and A. Tweed, cows have been promised towards the formation of a testing group. Owing to the small herds in the Tokomairo district, the association has reduced its fees, but farmers must do their own sampling and weighing. The following office-bearers were appointed on Thursday at the meeting in Balclutha to form a women’s branch of the Farmers’ Union :—President, Mrs J. C. Anderson ; vice-president, Mrs H. Holgate; secretary and treasurer, Mrs T. T. Rendall; committee—Mesdames A. An derson, M’Lean, J. Smith, J. Wood, with power to add to their number. Some of the settlers of Paretai have become convinced of the desirability of the Friesian as a milk-producing cow, and have recently enriched their herds by purchases from the herd of the well known . Southland breeder, Mr Thomas Eades, of Edendale. The principal purchases were made by three settlers— Messrs F. Plow, Walter Stiven, and W. H. Hughes—as follows : —Mr Plow, two-year-old bull at 71 guineas, two-year-old heifer 44 guineas, two-year-old heifter 36 guineas; Mr Stiven—three heifers at 22 guineas, 224 guineas, and 23 guineas, and one heifer calf at 16 guineas; Mr Hughes—three milking cows at 24 guineas 23 guineas, and 22 guineas. These pur chases show that some Paretai settlers ai least, after one season’s experience of herd testing, have determined to improve the quality of their herds.

OTAGO SUMMER SHOW. The schedule of prizes of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Society’s Summer Show opening in November nfext is now available. As usual, this complete and well-arranged compilation contains a mass of essential matter pertaining to Otago’s Metropolitan fixture. Likely exhibitors who desire to know details of this and dates of. other shows should secure a copy. In addition there is much informative matter regarding stock sales. Winter Show, etc. Copies of the schedule of prizes may be obtained from the secretary, Crawford street, Dunedin. CANTERBURY SHOW. There are many interesting features in the schedule which has just been issued for the Canterbury Agricultural and Pastoral Association’s annual show, which this year is to be held at Christchurch on November 8 and 9. In the live stock sections, all the wide range of cattle,

sheep, and horses usually found at the Christchurch Show are fully covered, and an interesting feature of the Corriedale section this year will Be the special prize of £lO 10s presented by Mestfs Dalgety arid Co., Ltd., for a Corriedale ram, twotooth or over, to be judged on a wool and mutton basis. There is a restriction that the wool should be above 56’s, the donors evidently being of opinion that some of the Corriedale wool was inclined to run too fine, to.the detriment of carcass and constitution. - A wool expert is to act with the judge of Corriedale rams in

making the award. As usual, very liberal prize-money is offered by the association in all the live-stock classes, and several new features introduced last year for the entertainment of show patrons have been retained in the new schedule. On the domestic side the fancy-work classes have been brought up to date, and there is much in the schedule to interest ladies. RED POLL CATTLE. .Announcement is made elsewhere in this issue of the postponement of the New Zealand Red Poll Cattle Breeders’ Association’s third national sale which was to have been held at Palmerston North on October 4. Inquiry has been very keen all through this year, and so many private sales made that breeders have cleared out all cattle they had for sale, .and -there are not enough entries forthcoining to warrant holding a sale. WOOL TRADE ORGANISING. Mr George T. Willingmyre, wool marketing specialist of the United States of America Department of Agriculture, who attended the recent Paris conference to consider the problem of collecting comparable wool statistics, has informed (states the Dominion) the chief of his department that international statistics on this commodity’ now seem likely to become a reality’. Delegates from the wool industries of England. France, Belgium, Germany, Italy, and Czecho Slovakia attended the conference and reviewed a schedule for international use in the collection of this information. The conference- recommended that wool sta-

tistics be made compulsory by the passage of laws within each of the countries making it obligatory for dealers and manufacturers to report their holdings on certain dates, and the quantity of wool entering consumption. Mr Willingmyre, while at Bradford, attended a conference of Australian. New Zealand, and South African wool-growers and members of the British Wool Federation and the Bradford Chamber of Commerce, which was called to discuss difficulties of production and manufacture, changes of fashion, and so on. He believes that meetings such as this could advantageously be held by wool producers and manufacturers in other countries. Organisation of the entire wool industry in the Continental countries has gone far. These organisations include wool producers, merchants, wool pullers, commission combers, spinners, weavers, and distributors. Problems arising in any branch of the industry are brought to the attention of representatives of the different branches and free discussion is invited, usually’ resulting in a recommeiMation for correction, with the welfare of the entire industry in mind. FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE. The danger of the introduction of foot-and-mouth disease to New Zealand is evidently creating concern in the minds oi the commercial as well as the farming community’. At last week’s meeting of the Oamaru Chamber of Commerce the president (Mr John Fraser) stated that there was a report that the quarantine regulations were going to be rqjaxed. Mr Meek stated that there was a suspicion that the disease might be imported in packages. He thought drastic precautions should be taken. After some discussion it was decided that the Government be urged to continue to enforce the regulations for the prevention of foot-and-mouth disease and that a copy of the resolution be forwarded to the Minister of Agriculture.

PURER MILK SUPPLY. At the Phinket Society’s annual conference at Wellington recently a remit was brought forward: “That in view of the importance of a pure milk supply the society urges upon the Government the necessity for compulsory herd testing for tuberculosis.” Sir Truby King warned the conference that they could not be too careful in criticising the authorities, and advised interviewing the heads of the departments concerned. He pointed out that if was true that the . farmer could get inspection for his cows and compensation for the destruction of infected cows, but compensation was on a flat rate and did not at all pay’ the farmer who had to destroy his best cattle, and it was the best cattle which were most easily infected, so that the farmer was chary of inspection. Sir Truby King added that he was sure the carrying out of compulsory inspection everywhere would not only cost many millions, but it would ruin the farmer, and would be the ruin of any Government which tried to enforce it. It was an obvious conclusion that every’ one of the delegates present wanted a pure milk supply, but the question was how it could be obtained. He deprecated the conference passing resolutions that it would be impossible to have carried Out. — —•

The society resolved to confer with the Health, Agricultural, Veterinary, and Native Departments, in order to arrive at the best policy to secure a purer milk supply for the community, and Sir Truby King, Mesdames M'George (Dunedin), Gilmour (Lyttelton),-and Hall (Wellington) were appointed a deputation for the purpose. SALE OF FRIESIANS. The first annual sale of “ Plantation ” Friesians by Mr T. R. Eades, of Edendale was held on September 12 the attendance being good and the bidding brisk. Fifty-three head were offered and sob’. The highest price of the sale was 72|gns, at which price the yearling bull Plantation de Koi Rozine’s Boy and the two-year-old bull Plantation de Koi VII changed hands. The highest price paid for a female was 44gns, at which amount the two-year-old Plantation No. 14 was sold. Six females, (two-year-olds) averaged approximately 43gus, 17 yearling bulls 28gns, and 30 yearling heifers 23gns. Messrs Wright, Stephenson, and Co. conducted the sale. FUTURE OF WOOL VALUES. According to Mr E. J. P. Denny, the representative in the Dominion of J. W. Swift and Co., who has just returned from a visit to the woollen manufacturing districts of England, the Continent, and America, wool values will be lower by about 10 per cent, as compared with the prices ruling at the closing sales in the Dominion in March last. There has recently accumulated considerable evidence in support of this view. First of all, it must be remembered that official reports disclose that there has been an increase in the nuniber of unemployed in Britain, and, compared with last year, there are 250,000 more persons out of work. The dullness in the woollen industry of England appears to be much more severe than is known to us. A Bradford correspondent, writing towards the end of July, remarked that “No one familiar with prevailing conditions in all departments of our worsted industry can dispute that there is good ground for the dismal pictures drawn of the state of trade. What is equally distressing is that there is no prospect of any improvement in the near future. The situation of manufacturers of dress goods is the most serious, yet while there is sqch a considerable amount of machinery idle, one hears, of large orders for fabrics for ladies’ wear being sent to France. Foreign competition is developing also in cloths for men’s wear, and they are put on the British market at prices with which British manufacturers cannot possibly compete. It is all a question of cost of production. The reason orders are sent abroad is that wages are lower on the Continent of Europe, the -hours worked are more per week, in addition to which machinery is employed to greater advantage by the working of more than one shift per day.” It was reported that efforts were then being made to induce the leading trade union officials to support another application to the Government for the imposition of a duty on imported competing fabrics so as to make the, cost of production equal and to .give British manufacturers fairer conditiona for the sale of their products i* the Homa market.

ROYTON JERSEY SALE. The popularity of well-bred Jerseys was never more exemplified than at the dispersal sale held on September 12 at Newstead, Hamilton, of Mr Harold Moreland’s “Royton” Jersey herd. The auctioneers were Messrs Wright, Stephenson and Co., in conjunction with Messrs Abraham and Williams. Mr Moreland catalogued practically the whole of his herd except a few older breeding cows and several yearling heifers. The attendance -was very large and bidding for the cows and heifer calves was very brisk, although the fact that a majority of the cows had recently calved mitigated against buyers from a distance bidding for them. Nevertheless the 37 cows, including those with recently dropped calves averaged £5l, and the 72 head were sold, including 22 calves from one to 40 days old, and realised 2096 guineas. Bulls were not in demand, and several were passed in. The top price of 100 guineas was paid for the seven-year-old eow, “ Royton Gaygirl,” by Mr Thomas Church, of Te Rapa. This cow, which had recently calved, was sired by " Beechlands Maple” from “Fawn Flower,” a cow from the same family as the great champion " Lady Ruth.” Her dam, “ Fawn. Flower,” realised 70 guineas. Several of the heifer calves realised between 20 and 30 guineas, those sired by “Hawkesbury Gale,” the principal herd sire, being in keenest demand.

Yearling heifers sold at up to 50gns and 13 averaged 23gns. SOUTHERN DAIRY FACTORIES. WOODEND. The Woodend Dairy Factory’s turnover last season was; Milk, 1,593,3991 b; butterfat, 55,6941 b; average test, 3.493; lb milk to 11b cheese, 10.2011 b; cheese manufactured, 156.2031 b; cheese from 11b butterfat, 2.8041 b; average price for butter-fat, 19d. RIMU. The following figures of the year’s turnover are taken from the Rimu Dairy i'actory Company’s balance sheet:—Milk, 2,805,1821 b; butter-fat, 105,8541 b; average test, 3.773; cheese manufactured, 285,6981 b; lb milk to 11b cheese, 9.82; cheese from 11b butter-fat. 2.6991 b; average price for butter-fat. 18.41 d. TISBURY. The turnover of the Tisburv Dairy Factory last season was:—Milk received, 3,559,9471 b; butter-fat, 126,2651 b; average test, 3.544; cheese manufactured, 349.299 Tb; lb milk to 11b cheese, 10.191 b; lb cheese to 11b butter-fat, 2.761 b; average price for butter-fat, 19.29 d. MATAURA CO-OP. The following is a brief summary of the Mataura Co-operative Dairy Company’s transactions for the year:—Milk received, 22,307,8771 b; butter-fat in same, 786,8581 b; average test, 3.526; weight of cheese to lib butter-fat, 2.681 b; milk to cheese,' 10.571 b; milk separated, 143.2321 b; weight of cheese manufactured, 941 tons Bcwt.

FAIRFAX. The annual report 'of the Fairfax Cooperative Dairy Factory Company, Ltd., shows that 3,288,6001 b of' milk gave 118,4251 b of butter-fat, and 319,6481 b of cheese was manufactured. The factory had 35 suppliers. MATAURA ISLAND. The following details of the past season’s work are taken from the annual report presented to the shareholders in the Mataura Island Dairy Factory Company, Ltd.:—Milk supplied: 1926-27, 6,440,1451 b; 1927-28, 6,911.8131 b. Butterfat produced: 1926-27, 231,4791 b; 1927-28, 247,2021 b. Cheese manufactured: 4.92627, 284 tors lewt Iqr 51b; 1927-28, 301 tons 9cwt Iqr 71b. Butter manufactured: 1926-27, 15,8751 b; 1927-28, 12,0251 b. Weight of cheese per lb butter-fat: 192627, 2.69; 1927-28, 2.732. Weight of milk per lb cheese: 1926-27, 10.09; 1927-28, 10.11. Average test: 1926-27, 3.58; 192728, 3.58. The returns for butter-fat were' also on a higher level, Is 6Jd per lb having been paid out for September and October, and Is SJd per lb for balance of the year, the average being over Is Bd. " EDENDALE. The annual meeting of the Edendale Dairy Factory was well attended, Mr T. R. Eades presiding. The report was •adopted. The cheese made last season equalled 1,358,4451 b, while 23,3421 b of butter was manufactured. The total payment to suppliers of milk was Is 9d per lb butter-fat for the season. Mr George Dickson continues his efficient management, as evidenced by winning first prize for cheese at the London Dairy Show in competition with the world. The retiring

directors —Messrs George Dempster, A. H. Jones, and Daniel Tither—were reelected for a term of three years. The •company’s output of cheese has been sold up to December at 9 9-16 d per lb. At a subsequent meeting of directors Mr T. R. Eades was re-elected chairman, AT CALVING TIME. A statement of considerable importance to dairy farmers was made on September 10 by Dr C. J. Reakes, M.R.C.V.S., Director-general of the Department of Agriculture, regarding the prevalent sickness affecting dairy cows The present calving season is proving a trying one for dairy farmers in some parts of the North Island owing to the fact that the number of cases of illness following calving (occasionally preceding it), has been considerably greater than usual. The method of treatment adopted for several years past, consisting of inflating the udder with air, brings about quick recovery in the great majority of cases. \ Instances have occurred where a trouble somewhat similar in its onset and course to milk fever has occurred before calving In such cases the udder air inflating is worth trying, though not so sure as to its results. Apart, from these, however, there have been, this quite a number of cases where cows have gone down after calving showing symptoms different from those or typical milk fever, the most charactaristi.consisting of more or less violent convulsions, the animal evidently being also in considerable pain. This condition is usually _ referred to as parturient eclampsia, and the animals do not respond to treatment by inflating the udder with

air; owing to their violent movements and inability to swallow properly, it is difficult and dangerous, when they reach this condition, to attempt to administer medicine in the usual way by the mouth. It is probable that milk fever and paturient eclampsia are closely allied, and that their cause may. be found in a violent disturbance of the nervous system, associated in some way with the calving and milk secreting processes. It has been suggested that a septic condition is responsible for the trouble, but there is nothing to show that this is the case, and the results of post-mortem examinations all go to disprove the idea. Dietetic conditions probably constitute a predisposing factor. It is an accepted fact that the cows most prone to milk fever are animals which are heavy milkers, and which have come to their calving in good condition, and while full statistical information is not Act available, it will probably be found that the same applies to parturient eclampsia. There is nothing contagious about either milk fever or parturient eclampsia, and, the only serious matter is that there are far more eases of both this season than is usual. Management may help to ward off attacks, and the following preventive measures are useful:— 1. If the cow is in high condition prior to calving keep her short of feed for a time, so that she comes to her calving in good healthy, but not high, condition. 2. A few days before calving give her a drench containing from 12 to 14 ounces of Epsom salts. 3. Twenty-four hours after calving give her another drench containing 16 ounces of Epsom salts. 4. After she has calved do not milk the udder right out all at once. Take a good quantity out at a time, three or four times a day for the first 48 hours, or, what is preferable from the point of view of the cow’s health (though admittedly inconvenient from other points of view), let the calf suck her for the first two or three days. 5. If a cow is seen showing the earliest symptoms of eclampsia, and is still able to swallow properly, give her another 16 ounces of Epsom salts, but give it very carefully, as if the medicine gets into her lungs it will probably kill her.