MAORI NOMENCLATURE.

Otago Witness, Issue 3001, 20 September 1911, Page 88

MAORI NOMENCLATURE.

By W. H. Sheewood Robeets, Oamaru.

No. XII.—DISTRICT OB' MARLBOROUGH.

Br W H. Sheimvood Roberts, Oamaru.

QUEEN CHARLOTTE’S SOUND. Queen Charlotte’s Sound was Oko-kuri (dog’s wooden bowl). (This is very doubtful.—T.S.G.) A pa there bore the same name. It is a mistake to say that the name of the sound was Tobaranui, that was the name of Ship Gove only. T3rw3 sound is 25 miles long, being six miles wide at the northern entrance. Mr G. B. Harp wrote: “When I visited Okokuri Pa, the pa received a visit from a number of Motueka Maoris, the superiority of whom in every particular-—countenances, manners, ■etc,: —was most remarkable. The Okokuri Natives looked like real savages” (p. 75). A place at the mouth of Queen Charlotte’s Sound was Toka-Katuku. (the white heron’s rook). The earliest European settler In Ship Cove was Arthur Emsley, who was living there in 1849. The bay north of Ship Cove was Ana-hou (new bay, or bay that runs in deep). Captain Cook named it Cannibal Bay, because he there saw the Maoris eating- cooked human flesh. The bay north of Cannibal Bay is Waikawa (water unpleasant to the taste). A small island two miles cast of Ship Cove is Motu-ara (raised up island). On the Gore District survey map it is named Motu-ana-uru (West Bay Island). Captain Cook had a garden of vegetables there on his three visits to the sound during 1770 to 1779. (Motu-ana-uru means “island in the bay which runs inland with a -bend. — G.G.) Close to the south-west end of Motu-ara and separated from it_ by only a few feat, is an isolated rocky ridge. At the time of Cook’s firsc visit in January, 1770, there was a strongly fortified ila which was afterwards abandoned. Southeast of Motu-ara is Long Island. Two miles south of Long Island is Pig Island, over two miles long, and rising to a height of 403 ft. Half a mile south-west of it is-'the Hawea Rock, covered with 10ft of water at high tide, it is marked by a red buoy. It is proposed to erect a monument to- Captain Cook on Motu-ara Island. The following extract from “ Cook’s First Voyage ” will be of interest in connection with this part of Queen Charlotte’s Sound. “ The carpenter having prepared two posts to be left as memorials of our having visited this place, I ordered them to be inscribed with the ship’s name and the year and month—-30th January, 1770 — one of which I set up at the watering place in Ship. Cove, hoisting the Union Flag upon the tap of it; and the other I carried over to the island that lies nearest to the sea, called by the Natives Motuara. I went first to the village or Hippah (He Pa), where I met with our old man Topaa, and told him and several others, by means of Tupia, thgt we were oome to set up a mark upon the island in order to show to any other ship which should happen to come thither that we had been there, before. To this they readily consented, and promised that they w0u1d.... never pull it down. I then gave something “to everyone -present, and to the old man I gave a silver threepence, dated 1736, and some spike nails, with the King’s, bread arrow cut deep upon them. I then took- the post to the highest part of the island, and after fixing it firmly in the ground I hoisted upon it the Union Flag and honoured this inlet with the name of Queen Charlotte’s Sound, and at the time taking formal possession of this and the adjacent country, in the name and for the use of, his Majesty King George the Third. Wo then drank a bottle of wine to her Majesty’s health, and gave the bottle to the old man, who had attended us up the hill, and who was mightily delighted with his present.” It is worthy of remark that Cook used the apostrophe’s in naming the sound. “ While the post wias setting up w© inquired of Topaa concerning the passage into the eastern sea, the existence of which-he, confirmed ; and then asked him about the land to the south-west of the straight, where we wore then situated. This land, .he said, consisted of tw r o whenuas or islands, which might be circumnavigated in a few days, and _ which he called TovV Poenammoo (Te Wai pounamu), the literal translation of this word is “the water of green talc”; and probably if we had understood him better wo should have found that Tovy Poenammoo was the name of some particular place where they got the green talc, or stone of which they made their ornaments and tools, and not a general name for the whole southern district He said there was also a third wihenua on the oast side of the straight, the circumnavigation of which would take up many moons \ this be called Eaheinomauwe (Hi© ahi-no-maui—the fire of maui); and to the land on the borders,of the" straight ho gave the name of Tiora Witte.” (Te-ra-whiiti the sun rise.—T.S.G.) By the “ Reserves and Crown Lands Disposal Act. 1896,” the New Zealand Government has reserved 1870 acres in Ship Cove in memory of Captain James Cook, to be retained in its natural state as nearly as may be. The 'and round Ship Cove, Cook wrote, was Totara-nui (big totana tree), and was possessed by the Ngati Ara, tribe. But the Maori residents in the different sounds appear to have been descended from vario is tribes, the most numerous being Ngati Awa. Ngati Kuia. and Rangi tane. When Captain, Cook visited Endeavour Inlet he nailed a copper plate to a tree, with an inscription bearing a date and other particulars. Dir Ferdinand Von Hoohstetter, geologist, a member of the Austrian Novara expedition, 1858. visited Marjborough in 1859, and, aoording to an old whaler named Thoms, now dead, took down and canned away with him the copper plate commemorative of our great navigator’s visit. Bottle Rock, south of Ship Cove, was Akatarewa (drooping climbing plant) Cook named the inlet west of Bottle Rock Shag Cove, but it has been changed to Resolution Bay, _ and the next Cook called West Bay, but it has also been altered to Endeavour Ray, in ccwimemorati’on of his two shins. The Maori names of them were Atapu and Puna-rua-whiti (to cross over In pairs). (Atapu perhaps should be Otapu, “a sacred place” or Ata-po, “early dawn.” —G.G.) The two headlands of Endeavour Bay are Marine and Edgecumhe Points. Drydon Bay was Te Kurakum (the red pi a eg), which was also the name of the second point south of it. The bay south-west of Drydon Bay was Miri-tu, which may mean _“ a coarse flax mat to stand on.” (Miritu. means “to wound while passing onwards,” to strike an

enemy while passing him.—G.G.) Its eastern bead, Snake Point, is called Tau-moana (partition of the sea), which Archdeacon Grace thinks is misspelt, and should be To-au-moana, meaning "a current of the sea," having reference possibly to a strong tide at this point. West Head in Rua-kaka Bay was Pirata (sharp). (Rua-kaka means "parrot hole,' the kaka builds in holes'of trees. —T.S.G.) A point halfway up the bay, on the east shore, is Pi rapu (to search for young birds) : and a point opposite to it om tho west shore is Ratimera. [Ratimera, perhaps Rae -timu-ra, the yonder headland cliff. —G.G.) The western head is Ngata korq (broken snail shell). The Rua-kaka Native Reserve .nearly surrounds the bay. The next bay to the west it Tahuahua (tho spot where a fire was kindled and conspicuous on the landscape.—G.G.) The eastern head and a hill 824 ft high are also named Ta-huahua. On the west shore of the bay there are three points: the northernmost one Tunoamai (standing hitherwards in front.—G.G.) The English name is Red Bluff, from the colour of the rock. Immediately north of it is Whisky Gully, the middle one Pari-whero (red cliff, the southern one Pari-kohikohi (cliffs collected together). To the west of the last point is Kai-papa Bay (both syllables of papa being- pronounced short, Kai-papa means "tho flat place, or flat rock where food was eaten." —T.S.G.) North of Kumutoto Point is Kumu-toto Bay. (Kumu-toto,, "blood pressed out," as from a wound or sore. No doubt in reference to some historical incident of the place.—G.G.) Kumu-toto Native Reserve surrounds' this bay and Kaipakirikiri Bay, which is to the westward*, separated from Kumu-toto Bay by Kaipakirikiri (eat rock cod fish) Point. Kumutoto is known by the English name of Powerful Bay. South of the entrance co Powerful Bay lies Mabel Island, or Moturigarara (Reptile Island), formerly called Negara in error. It is a small, round isleb 300 ft high, on© mile from Snout Point, the eastern point of Wai-tohi Bay. It was named Mabel after the eldest daughter of Governor Gore Browne, the first Governor to visit Marlborough. Within Kai-papa. Bay, under the shelter of Price's Point, the_ northern head, was the Maori Kaika, Kai-papa, at one time celebrated for its peach groves and cultivations. The point West of Kai-pakirikiri Bay is Pihaka. (Pihaka, perhaps Pe.ha.ka or—northern Maori—Pehanga, "a mount or heap," as of shellfish.—G.G.) A bay west of Pihaka Point, running nearly across to Kenepuru Sound, is Torea moua (an oyster catcher bird caught), the narrow piece of land between being Torea Neck. The southern, head of Torea-moua Bay is Ngata whe taw he (the old garments). West head of Double Cove is Nohokouaua (to sit in sprinkling rain). The point south-west of Lochmara Bay is Hau-te-horo", (the swift wind). Hau-te-horo means '■ a wind which blows in a greedy or insatiable manner, therefore never ending or satisfied. A tangata horo kai is a' glutton, a person whose craving for food cannot be satisfied.—G.G.) The point west of 'it is Toro-papa (to lie flat); which is the east head of Onahau Bay (a place of briskness or smartness. Hence a place .where one feels light, or a desire foi* activity. A Maori was advised, on account of ill-health, to leave the enervating climate of Auckland and go inland to the bracing atmosphere of Waikato, which was referred .to as " Whenua-nahau.—G.G.) A hill west of the bay 1822 ft above sea level, is also named Onahau. The south-west head of Onahau Bay is Houhou Point (the name of a tree, or to obtain by digging). To the west is Pu-rda Point (a long wind instrument), and Umu-ngata (oven for snails) Point and Bay. . A point southwest of it is Iwituaroa (the backbone of any vertebrate animal). The bay at the south-west extremity, of Queen Charlotte Sound is generally named Ana-Kiwa (Kiwa's Bay). Archdeacon Grace says it should be Ana-Kiwi, Apteryx Bay. This peculiar struthious bird was formerly very plentiful in these parts, and still- is in places where the native forest is undisturbed. Nearly two miles of A na -Kiwi is a point named Moriio-rangi (off spring of Heaven). < The next point is Takapu-tira. East of it is Nga-kuta (the water plan'ts). Then Whenua-nui Bay (superior land) : where there is a Native Reserve. East of it is Kai-reperepe Point,; (eat elephant fish. Callorhynchus). Further east we find Iwirua (two bones) Point. Wedge Point was Te Mimi. Shakespeare Bay was Kai-pupu (eat periwinkles), which was also the name of its eastern head. There is another Mabel Island north of this point, but perhaps the map is wrong in having two islands of the same name so near each other. The Maori name of it is Tukurehu of the haze, as when the haze or mist is seen to descend into the valley, or on to the water, off the hilltops. —T.S.G.). (Tuku-rehu, perhaps Tu-kore-hu, "the upright promontory."—G.G.). PICTON. Picton Harbour, which was known in. 1850 as Newton Bay, had the Maori name of Uru-kakea (surpassing or excelling harbour entrance, or overtopped with groves of trees, as of the surrounding hills. —G.G.). The town at Newton Bay was surveyed in 1849 50. Tho first sale of sections was in May. 1850. The town of ■ Picton is pleasantly situated at the south end of the inlet, about 25 miles from the' northern entrance of Queen Charlotte's Sound, and 53 miles from Wellington, via the Tory Channel. In 1903 it had only about 900 inhabitants. The 1901 census gave 873 living in 188 houses, on an area of 560 acres, the unimproved rateable value being £13,525. A MaoJi pa formerly occupied the site, named Wai-tohi (Waitohi is the name given to what is now the site or the town of Picton by the notorious Ng.-if'-toa warrior Te JSauparaba (meanh.g " tho edible leaf of the convovulus," a name given to him by hie father's murderer, who said, if he caught him, his flesh would be kinaki —a relish—for that vegetable) in memory of an accident which befel his daughter Waitohi on that spot. She was aecidontily burned there,' and Te Rauparaha named the place Te-wera-o-Waitohi—tihe bu'iiins of Waitohi —abbreviated to Wait.hi. The original name of the spot gave to this one with the Maoris.—T.S.G.). The journal of the Polynesian Society differs from Archdeacon Grace. In vol. xviii, p. 185, is the following: "Te Wera-a-Wai-tohi, so named on account of a big forest fire that occurred many years ago, which was lit by a man named Waitohi, from whose time the place has been open land." The Government laid off a town, there in 1853 and named it Waitohi. Wai-tohi means " the water of the baptismal rite, or the tohi taua rite, a ceremony or incantation used before and after

a battle. It was a -very sacred ceremony, and women and children were strictly prohibited from witnessing it. Mr FJsdlon Best wrote a very interesting account ot both ceremonies in the New Zealand Illustrated Magazine, a few extracts from which will be appreciated. "From the early age of a few days male children were dedicated to the two great services of Maori economy—War and Labour. On the birth of a male child it •was taken by the priest to,the waa tapu, or sacred waters of the village. • • • £ n this water the priest r>erf armed over the child the ceremony of Tu ora, the purpose of which was to endow the child with vitality, with physical and mental vigour. After this the ( mother and child were kept within the Whare Kohanga, or nest house, a rough shed specially constructed for them, for five or six days. The tua rite was then performed in order to take the tapu off the child and mother. This was done by the priest taking the. child in his arms, entering, the stream and sprinkling water over the boy- priest woud repeat several invocations in order to lift or disperse the tapu, and to endow the child with strength, health, a clear mind, wisdom, and bravery. When the child is old enough to prattle he is again handed over to the pnest that he may perform over him the tohi ceremony, which is much the same as the tua in its formula and objects. An incident of "the tohi rite was causing the child to swallow a small stone This, accompanied by an appropriate invocation, was to 'harden' the child, so that weapons might not pierce him in the day of battle, as also to render him strenuous in the fray. ' "The tohi taua, or wai taua rite as performed over a body of men about to go into action may be here mentioned. The warriors arranged themselves in ranks by the river side. The priest provided himself with a green branch of the karamu shrub, and dipping 5t into the water struck each warrior with the same upon the right t shoulder, repeating the invocation to Tu appropriate to the occasion. When the branch was struck apon the man's shoulder, should a leal fall, or a branch be broken, it was a sign that the,man undlcsr operation would be-., slain, should he tak« part in the coming fight." (This ceremony is aptly called the ''baptism to war."— S.P.S.). . ■ .. The name Newton was given to a town surveyed in 1849 by the New Zealand Com pany, where the Borough of Picton now stands, Governor Sir George Grey having arranged with the Maoris to give up the site of their Kaika at Waitohi, and remove to Wai-kawa, the next bay on the east, for £IOO in money, an acre of land to be ploughed and sowu with wheat, and a wooden church to be built for them at Waikawa. (Sour or bitter water, the river where the kawa plant .grows. Kawa also means peppery to the taste, the leaves of that plant having that characteristic.— G G ) The name Waitohi was altered by the Proclamation constituting the province of Marlborough on 6th October, 1859, when it was appointed the capital, town, under the name of Picton, in memory of General Sir Thomas Picton, who routed Marshal Ney's division at Waterloo. ■ The province was by the same Proclamation named Marlborough in honour of the Duke of Marlborough, the great general' and statesman of the reign of Queen Anne, and who on August 13, 1704, overthrew the French army in the memorable and decisive battle of, Blenheim. Picton was constituted a borough on August 9, 1876, and Mr T. Williams was its first mayor. The valley from Picton southward to the watershed was also named Wai-tohi. The river from the wate->hed to the Wairau. now called Tua-marina, was formerly and correctly spelt Tua-rnarino, probably meaning "rather calm," occasionally written Tua-marino (rather quiet). It is a deep stream about 30ft wide'near where it runs into the Wairau. Koromiko (veronica shrub) is a town and railway station six miles south of Picton, and Para (eediment) at eight miles. The next bav east of. Picton harbour is Wai-kawa (bitter water, or water unpleasant to the taste), where there was a large Maori settlement. The point of land between the two bays, known as the Snout, was Ihu-moeone (the nose of the grub of the butcher beetle, Cicindella). (Moeone, "sleep, or be dormant in earth.") It is a remarkable sharp point with '••"-- round hills rising over it. The point between Waikawa and ~ mongo Bay is Karaka (the tree Corynocarpus leevigata). The karaka tree was imported from Hawaiki, and grew freely in the Wellington district. A branch of the Ngati Mamoe tribe, under a chief named Te Huataki, crossed over from Wellington and planted groves of karaka trees along the east coast of Marlborough. They have all been destroyed with one solitary exception, which was lately growing on Mr T. Wilkin's farm at Wa.ikaka.ho. Whatamongo should be Whata-mango (a raised stage for sharks). An inlet at tlie > southeast corner of Whata-mango Bay is Ahuriri (to foster anger), and a point on the eastern shore Tuna (eel). A small bay north-east is Motu-eka, which shouM be Motu-weka (grove of the wood hen). Both West and East Boyr'are named on the 1899 Government Jhn'p, Kahikatca (white pine tree), but one is certainly wrong'. I was informed that West Bay is Nga-Rua

whatu (the seven pits). Dieffenback Point at the south-west entrance to Tory Channel was named in memory of Ernest Dieffenback, M.D., naturalist to the New Zealand Company, who visited Queen Charlotte's Sound in the Tory in August, 1839. The Maori name of the point was Koutou-nui (many of you), but it is speit Koutunui in error on the 1899 map. Long Island at the entrance to Queen Charlotte's Sound, we are told by Captain Cook, was Ha-mote (the breath drawn in finally. The last gasp of a dying person Perhaps in commemoration of the death there of a person of note There is in the Auckland district a Ha-wera, so called because a chief named Maki died there, who a few mdnutes before his death exclaimed "Ha-wera"). The place was therefore so called in. his memory.—G.G.), but the name now usually -given is Motu-roa, meaning Long Island.. Te Keetu is, however, used on the 1900 map, but I do not think it is correctly spelt. (Te Keetu is probably only part of the original name, perhaps Kei-tua, " beyond," therefore it may imply "that island in the> distance '* or yonder.—G. G.) Some Maoris call it Te Katua, a fullgrown animal or bird, and was the name of a man of prediluvian times. Long Island consists of a sharp ridge of hills, the formation of which is a yellow argillaceous slate. The general- geographical formation of the' rocks in Queen Charlotte Sound is a stratified yellow argillaceous slate, or a pepper-coloured soft wacke. A small island north of Long Island is Komako-hua (the egg of the bell-bird). (Komako-hua, most likely ko-mako-hua, " the roe, or eggs, of the mako shark." It might also mean abundance, _ or plenty of mako sharks. Perhaps an ancient breed-ing-place of that fish, and the name of a fishing-ground; Ko is often found before a place-name as well as O.—G.G.) The European population of Queen a Charlotte Sound in 1840 was about 60 men. There was a large oyster bed in -4116 sound, and one in Tory Channel. The large island 15 miles long and two broad,' on the east of the sound is now named Ara-pawa (the Haloitis shellfish), but the old name was' Aro-paoa (to turn towards the smoke). In sonw i old maps the island was erroneously printed Arapaoa (a smoky path). Its northern point is Cape Ko-amaru, meaning shelter —the Ko being only' a particle. On the 1900 map is is misspelt Ko-amaru, and the additional name Qperuahua given.to it. (Its ancient Maori name was Te Ta-o-o-Kupe.— J.P.S., xviii, p. 185.) (Operuahua means " the appearance of anger in the eyes," or the place of Peru-ahua.—G.G-) Southwest of it is Amaru " Bay, which may mean a species of Metrosideros tree, or dignified. A often is used as a prefix to a proper name, so it may mean Mr Maru, sometimes as , an exclamation, when it would mean " Ah ! shelter." Its southern head is O pou Point (place of a post). The next point is Ti-oriori (to resemble a lullaby). (Tioriori should be tiore-ore: abundance of kiekie fruit.—G.G.). Kiekio is a climbing plant, Freycinetia banksii. South of it is Oamaru Bay (the place of the Metroisideros tree, or Mr Maru's residence, or the place of shelter), where there is a Native reserve. Then One-hunga Bay. (Light, sandy earth, or the beach, or sands where is spray, or mist from the sea.— G.G.). Point Cooper, the north-west head of Onehunga Bay, was Whaka-uru-hunga, meaning " spray made to rise high," as against a cliff.—(G.G.). An islet northeast of the point is Motu-ngarara (Beptile Island). On the northern portion of Aropaoa there are two hills, Puke-atua (the Hill of God), 1409 ft high, and Koper&uawa (a top side of a canoe) (probably Ko-pere-uawa, " thrown down with violent suddenness and with a loud noise."—G.G.), 1348 ft altitude. About the centre of the island is Narawhia, 1835 ft, and one near the south-west corner Kai-tapeha (a meal of bark), 1268 ft. Clark Point was Pouakatahi, which I think should be Poua-kai-tahi, meaning "one man devouring bird." The point was named "Long Point" by Captain Cook. Mr George Graham wrote " Pouaka-tahi, one pouaka, a stilt bird, generally spelt Poaka. It might be as you say "one Poua-kai," a fabulous maneating bird, said to have existed here in olden times, but of which no remains are known. There is a range in Taranaki known as the Pouakai, but that name is not connected with the above tradition, for in this case it means "food pole." being so called from a rocky pinnacle in 'hat range, said by tradition to bo a pole erected by Tama-tea-pokai-whenua, on which ho put some food for his return journey, he being then in search of his wife, who had disappeared. Whangapoua is a bay in the Cbromandel Isthmus, "Poua Bay." There is a local tradition that the poua was a. large aquatic Bird, now extinct, slow and heavy in its movements, and therefore easily caught. Poua and Pouaka may be the same name, as the "k" often disappears in Polynesian dialects." Mr Tregear in his Maori-Poly-nesian Dictionary says: "Poua, a gigantic bird said to have inhabited the Chatham Islands. It is probably related to the pouakai, a man-devouring bird of gigantic size, supposed to inhabit the South Island of New Zealand. One of these birds was a source of terror to the fairies called NFuku-mai-tore until Punga-rohu smashed its beak with his stone axe and killed it. —(A.H.M., 11, 33.) Mr Taylor White tliinks the poun was a fewah, and that the

ending of thousands of the bones of this ird by Mr Forbes at the very spot pointed out as the place where the poua was most readily killed verifies the same.—(T.N. Z. 1., XXIX, 168.) The writer has recorded the legend of the. Mount Tawera Pouakai, as well as that at Ponotunoa, in a former article. The discovery of the large bones of the Harpagornis Moorei at Glenmark, Canterbury, gives credence to the fact that the bird was not purely mythical. Could it be the Frigate Bird, Hakuai East of Clark Point is Onario Point (Onario, probably One-reo, sounding or murmuring sands.—G.G.), the western head of Anatoia Bay. (Ana-toia, " the inlet or shelter left open, as a door—i.e., the inlet easily entered. —G.G.) The east head is Papa-kura (an insect so named, or a led glow on the horizon). East of it is Onauku Bay, which probably" should be One-uku (pipeclay soil), but Diffenback called the bay Ana-huku (pipeclay inlet). A little bay south-east of Onauku is One-pipi (cockle beach). A kaika on the isthmus there is also One-pipi, south of which is O-tonga Point (of the south). (The place of the southern wind. —G.G.) Moko-pike (the jumping lizard.—G.G.) Maori reserve commences at Otonga Point, and stretches northward along the eastern shore of Onauku Bay. South of East Bay is O-tena-rua Bay (of that pit), sometimes spelt O-tane-rua (the place of two men or husbands). (O-tena-rua, probably O-tene-rua, " the place of the twice-made urgent request.'' No doubt named from some such incident having taken place there.—G.G.). Otenarua is supposed to be Grass Cove, where Captain "Furneaux's boat's crew was murdered on December 17, 1773. Its present name is Nott's Bay. The eastern head was Matiere Point. (Mati-ere, perhaps matia-rei, "a spear bone," or the speared breast. I do not think matiere is correct. The history -of this name is necessary to get is correctly.—G.G.); and the western head is Parea (the face turned in another direction). v Parea, baffled, or disconcerted.—G.G.). A small bay on the south-east shore of Otenarua Bay is Te Aroa (the understanding). Pickersbill Island, west of East Bay, was Mata-para (obsidian sediment), and Blumine Island was Oruawairau (the place of the two-orop gatherings or harvestings). A bay on Arapaoa Island, east of Blumine Island, is Whare-unga (house where a child is born). South of Blumine Island is Te Ipapakereru Bay (the pigeon preserving basket. These baskets are still made in the Auckland districts of various kinds of bark, mostly totara, and the birds are preserved therein in their own fat.— G.G.). Kereru was the tutelary deity of the wood pigeon. He came down to earth to look after Rupe, who assumed the shape and feathers of a pigeon. Kereru ate of the tawa berry and became of husky voice, so that he could only say " Ku ku." Hence the wood pigeon's name is kuku and kukupa (Tregear). Close to Te Ipapa-kereru.. Bay is Waikakaramea Bay (the/ water or river where is found the sweet-smelling grass.—G.G.). Also, Ahi-tarakihi Bay (fire for the fish Chilodactylus). (The tarakihi is also the name of that beautiful shell, the Argonaut, generally known as the Paper Nautilus, which with certain winds is occasionally, but rarely, drifted upon parts of the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand from the tropical seas.—G.G.) Southwest of Ahi-tarakihi Bay is Umu-wheke Bay (oven for the cuttlefish), and north of it is a small island named Amerikiwhati (which probably should be O-mariki-wbati, "to break off and crumble away gradually." A suitable name for an island which is gradually wearing away by the action of the sea and tides.—G.G.V TORY CHANNEL. About a mile north of the entrance to Tory Channel, is Kai-tapeha Bay (one who is false). The west headland of Tory Channel is Rua-o-moko (the lizard's hole). A mile and a-half to the eastward is Ngaio-nui Point (large Myoporum tree). Then Te Iro (the fly blow) Bay and Native reserve. Further east are Wiri-waka (trembling crew of a .canoe), and Puhe Points. Puhe' probably should be Puhi (betrothed, or the head of- a war canoe). North of the latter are a bay and Native reserve named Ngaruru (abundant, or the shelj fish so named). East of a bay is Toka-karoro Point (seagull rock). The second point east of it is Te Uira-karapa (the squinting Uira, or the 'flashing lightning); (May this not bo Uira-kanapa, lightning flash ?--T.S.G.) To Kakau-o-te-toki-a-Kupe (the handle of Kupe's axe) is a rook on To Uira-karapa Point in Tory Channel- just opposite Moioio Island, situated at the junction of Queen Charlotte Sound and Tory Channel, on which was an old Ati Awa pa. The axe is that with which Kupe is supposed to have killed the octopus named To Wheke-a-muturangi in Tory Chann-1 (J.P.S., XVI, 156). Te Ana-o-te-Whcko-a : muiurangi is the name of a cave at Castlepoint,' North Island. Deep Bay was Uru-kuri (dog's hair, or dog's grove, or thicket.—T.S.G.). Two miles north-east of Deep Bay is the village of Te Awa-iti (the little river). Between Te Awa-iti and 0 kukari Bay (place of a young bird) is the Weke-nui Native reserve. This name ought to be spelt Wheke-nui, meaning big octopus. East Head, where Tory Channel enters Cook Strait, is Ngatata (split or fissures). "Captain Dumont D'Urville nearly discovered the Tory Channel. After safely traversinGT the French Pass on January 28, 1827, D'Urville quickly sailed through the narrow part of Cook Strait, with the intention of anchoring in Cloudy Bay, in order to decide whether a suspected passage did or did not exist between Cloudy Bay and Queen Charlotte Sound. But the wind failing, the ship was brought up off Tory Channel, of which D'Urville says: " At its base (of a hill he describes) a little bay seemed to communicate by a narrow channel, obstructed by rocks, with the bay of Queen Charlotte, of which the calm waters were perfectly distinguished from the masthead. Some great fires were also seen on the left-hand point of the opening. Anxious to see U 9, it is probable the savages employed that means to attract our attention." [These Natives were probably some of the original Rangi-tame tribe, of those parts, for the occupation by Ngati-Toa and Te. Ati Awa tribes had not as yet eventuated] (Mr S. P. Smith in T.N.Z.1., XLI, 130). Tory Channel, which is ten miles long and averaging about half a mile in width, and a depth of from 25 to 35 fathoms, was named after the Tory, the New Zealand Company's pioneer ship, 400 tons, Captain Chaffers, who sailed his ship through it on August 31, 1839. He was informed of- the passage by a . Native named Naiti, who came out from England in the Tory, and said that the Maoris always paddled their canoea through the channel when bound for any southern

kaika. The Maori name of it is Te Awaiti (the little river), a name given it in reference to the narrow Tory Channel by the celebrated Hawaiki chief and navigator Kupe, who discovered New Zealand while on an exploring expedition in the Matahorua canoe, prior to its discovery by Ngahue. Kupe's wife was Kura-maro-tini, daughter of Toto, who gave his daughter the canoe in which they left Hawaiki. Kupe named the north-eastern entrance to Tory Channel Kura-te-au (the red current), for he there killed the great taniwha or sea demon, the cuttlefish, named Te Wheko a-mutu-rangi, the octopus of Muturangi, a mythical person of ancient days, a direct descendant from Rangi, the heavenly father of man. The\blood of the octopus stained the water all round the canoe, which suggested the name to Kupe. A pa was afterwards built by the Ngaitara (which was some years afterwards stormed and captured by the Ngai-Tahu) near the entrance, on the north side of Tory Channel, and given the name of Kura-te-au. It is not correct to call Tory Channel Kura-te-au, as the name referred only to the north-east entrance. Captain Cook passed through the channel in his pinnace, an eight-oared boat, on the sth November, i 774, into Cook Strait, and returned to Queen Charlotte Sound. I will quote his own words: —"I proceeded to the arm (indicated by the Maoris), which is on the south-east side at a place called Kotieghenooee (? Ko Tieke-Tieke'-nui), and we found a large settlement of Natives. (Kotieghenooee is probably Ko-tieke-nui, the largo saddle-back bird, Creadion.—G.G.) The chief whose name was Tringo-boohe (? Te Ringa-puhi), and, his people, whom we found to be some of those who had lately been on board the ship, received us with great courtesy. They seemed to be pretty numerous both here and .in the neighbourhood, . . . We proceeded down the arm, leaving several fine coves on both sides, and at lost found it to' open into the strait by' a channel about a mile wide, in which ran out a strong tide. ._ : . I hadi little time to make observations, as night was at hand, and I resolved- to return on board. On that account I omitted visiting a large. Hippa (He Pa) or stronghold, built on an elevation on the north side, and about a, mile or two within the entrance. The inhabitants of it, by signs, invited us to go to them; but without paying any regard to them, we proceeded directly for the ship, which wo reached by 10 o'clock, bringing with us some fish we had got from the Natives, and a few birds we had ;. shot." The pa referred to was Kura-te-au.' Tory Channel is about 10 miles long. In the year 1838 the H.M brig Pylorus, 16 guns, Harding .master, sailed from Queen Charlotte up Tory Channel as far as Te Awaiti Settlement; but .returned to the sound without going into Cook Strait. , A Maori kaika and whaling station on the island of Arapawa, about two miles from the eastern entrance, has the same name as the channel —Te Awa-iti It was the first European settlement in the neighbouhood of Cook Strait, and was started by Captain John Guard in 1827. as it was then uninhabited. The honour of having discovered Tory Channel was claimed by Guard, as his whaling vessel, a barque of 240 tons burden, named 'The Harriet, was accidentally driven in by a gale of wind and the strong current when he was endeavouring to sail up Cook Strait. The Harriet, after many years buffeting with the storms "and waves, was wrecked close to Okahu Stream, five miles south of Cape Egmont. on April 29, 1834. "For six days the shipwrecked crew was hospitably entertained by the Natives. A quarrel then sprang up, and a conflict was the result. Twelve sailors and 25 Maoris were killed. Mr and Mrs Guard, their two children, and 10 seamen were made prisoners. Guard was allowed to depart, with some of the sailors, on the understanding that he was to return with gunpowder as a ransom for the rest. The Government sent H.M.S. Alligator and a company of the 50th Regiment to rescue the prisoners. The captured sailors were given up when the ship arrived, and the Natives were promised payment as soon as the woman and children were ■ released. The soldiers were landed and formed in battle array 'an.-the beaoh. Two unarmed Natives came down to meet them; one of them was the chief who had charge of Mrs Guard and the children, and he rubbed noses with Guard in token of friendship. He told them that they were all well, and would be. surrendered when the promised payment was forthcoming. The officer in charge dragged the chief into the boat and stabbed him with a ba3'onet.' Afterwards Mrs Guard and one child was released, and the wounded chief restored to his friends." The other child was brought down to the strand by- the chief who had fed it. —(Forty Years in New Zealand, bv the Rev. -T. Buller, p. 365.) Guard built a house at Te Awa-iti and lived there for some eyars, but afterwards, removed to Port Underwood, and settled in Guard's Bay, which was named after him.