MOTES AND QUERIES.

Otago Witness, Issue 2661, 15 March 1905, Page 51

MOTES AND QUERIES.

Questions for reply in coming issue to be received riot later than MONDAY night. £. W. 0., Cronrwell.— Mr H. M. Davey, consulting engineer, Mora? place, kindly replies:—You have struck a rather nice point, foi you ask a question and then llusirate* it in a way that gives quit* different results. Taking the case of the dredige you name, which will do very well for an illustration. The dredge needs hauling up-stream. You place a pulley ■where you can get a convenient point to haul from. Now, if the rope were run from the dredge to that pulley and back to the shore, there would be no advantage in having the pulley, except it would give you perhaps a. convenient change of direction. If, however, your winch is on the dredge itself, the master is quite different, as you pull the dredge by only using half the power needed if the winch were on some other place. To prove this, suppose the dredge were 100 ft from, the pulley, there would be over 20Oft of rope needed, and when you pulled the dredge up to the pulley you would hava travelled 100 ft and pulled in 200 ft of lope; hence the advantage. Now, if the winch had been somewhere else you would only have pnlled in 100 ft of rope, as the winch would be the same distance from the pulley that it was before pulling, whereas if it were on the dredge it would be close up at the finish. Of course, you will understand that when it is said you use half the power, you use a&tlier more than the exact half, as there is

the friction of the pulley and of the rope I travelling round it. Sttbscriber, Rya>l Bush — It would be a simple thing to get a quotation for the wires from any of the haidware firms, but we can hardly get the cost of labour, carriage, timber, etc., somewhere near Ryal Bush, especially as the total length is not mentioned. You had better ask tenders on the spot, or ca,ll for them by advertisement There appears to be an average of 104 super feet of heart of ! lotara, 5 chains of plain wire (no gauge of I ■

wire mentioned), and 1 chain of barbed wire per chain of fencing. T. E., Hakataramea. — Will be replied to by "Agricola," in "Notes on Rural Topics." Subscriber, Dai-nevirke. — [I) Undoubtedly, and that in ■>. -very short time. (2) By breathing exercises. See article on page 71 of the Witness of February 15. (3) The following works on the subject are obtainab'e p.t Braithwaite's Book Arcade, Princes street: — "Body Building" (Sandow), Is &d. posted; "Strength, and How to Obtain It"

(Sandow), 2s 6d, posted; "Japanese Physical Training" (Hancock), Is Gd, posted; "Physical Tiaining at Home" (Alexander), 2s lOd ; "Method of Physical Trsiivng" (Checkley), ,3s 4d. ' Black Cat. — Phrenologists assert such to be j the case, but you should not place too great , reliance on their claims. We should say it | has no more influence on it than the moon i has on the weather, but old-time supersti- ! tiona die hard. ! Tommit's Aunt. — (1) Ihc trouble, with your I cockatoo is probably due to an error in feed-

i « ing. Feed the bird on wheat and canary seed onlj', not giving any maize, pastry, meat, or anything swee*. Give plenty of clean giavel and green food. Numbers of ! Australian birds in New Zealand moult ! badly, this being caused by their being put j outside or in a draught at the time they are losing their feathers. J'hey get a chill, and* ; consequently miss their me ill t, and then j they either mcult out of season or become j rotten-feathered. At this istage the- bird is very irritable, and tries to* pull its feathers 1 ont t bite them off. When this is the j case an endeavour should be made to moult I them off by artificial heat at the proper | season. (2; See Fanciers' Column. ( Longwood. — (1) There is no organised fund in New Zealand at present so far as tie know; but if you wish to send a subscription, the best plan would be to> forward it~to Mr H. S. Eitaki, Japanese Consul, Mprtin Place. Sydney. (2) We have been unable to find out the names of any except the one you nam-e. Mr Eitaki would tell you, however. Neophyte. — For entry to the Police Force, the required height is 1 sft 9iu ; normal chest measurement, 38in ; degree of education, pass Standard 1Y; age, under 3") years. Must be physically strong and pass medical examination. B. S. — There is r.p market and no demand for stich works in the colonies. Your best plan is to write to Christie, Manson, and; "Woods, ait auctioneers, London S.W., who wiU be able to give 3 r ou approximate values and sell lor you if you wish to dispose of them. Sttbscbiber. — (1) Kb, it simply means that the sentence would ba complete in itself if the interpolated words (in brackets or parentheses) were omitted. This sentence gives ar> example, for it would be com\3lete if the words "m brackets or parentheses" were omitted. (2) Aide de camp is French, and it would ceitainly b9 wrong to pronounce it _ as if it >were English. (3) Thank you for the loan of the book. We shall, if possible, make use of it, and will return it in due course. Constant Reader. — The Russians began to ■ settle in Saghaiien in 1857, but it still belonged tc Japan till 1875, when the Japanese definitely ceded it to Eiibsia, certain of the Kurile Islands being' transferred to Japan in exchange for it. J. M. — Yes. It is specially provided for by section 19 of "The Auctioneers' Act, 1891, in these words- — "Every auctioneer shall apply the pioceeds of sale, when realised, in or towards nayment oi the expenses, commission, and ether charges of or incidental to the sale " Waiaxiita. — Your packet of orchids safely to , hand, for which accept best thanks. — I. M. I. " G. V., Mokoieta. — Youi queries are fully replied to in the Garden 2votes in this issue. — I. M. I. W. L>. D., Queer.stcwn. — Your interesting letter " on tho potato is to hand, and is receiving consideration. — I. M I. A. P., "Bendigo. — The garden lettuce (Lactuca), the sow thistle (L,onchus), and the dandelion (Lechtodon) all belong to the natural older Composite of the cape weed. — I. M. I. A. B. C. asks if any reader can inform him what is the heaviest weight of any sing'.e sheep which has been exhibited in Canterbury. E. J., Hyde. — Your specimens have been submitted to the Government Biologist, who kindly replies: — "The trouble as due to apricot scab. The treatment consists of winter dressings of lime, salt, and sulphur, and spring applications of the Bordeaux mixtuie." F. C, Berwick. — In addition to oiu former reply, the Government Biologist further states — "Specimens from Beiwick have been carefully examined. The trouble is due to onion mildew (Peronospor* schleidem). The use of Bordeaux mixture, 44 40 foimula, is proving of the utmost value m repressing this disease. The young onions should be sprayed when six weeks old, and agpin when they ewe about half-grown ; subsequently should the disease reappear they should again be sprayed. This. disease has a strong hold in many parts of New Zealand, and it will amply repay, anyone to spray as directed." Stubborn.— (l) Buefly, an occi'patio:ii license' entitles the holder to occupy for agricultural, horticultural, or dairy purposes art area not exceeding 100 acres of Crown, land! within a mining district, for a term not exceeding 10 years, and at a rental not exceeding Is per acre per annum. (2) Every license, is issued subject to the condition that the licensee shall in r.o case be entitled to claim compensation for surface damage done to the land by reason of any holder of a miner's right- propecting thereon for gold. Telisty YeatvS' Subscriber.— Yes. It has b©eu

decided by the Supreme Court that^ the affirmative provisions of section 4 of "The - Destitute Pei-sons Act, 1894," making every Jiusband whose -wife has a chikl cr children ),t the timp of his marriage, whether legitijnato or illegitimate, liable to maintain such fchild or children, are intended to determine 'only tho liability of the husband as between himself and th.a public, and dto not relieve the putative father of the similar obligation on his part under section 9. (Spicer v. Ayers; 18 N.Z.L.R. 504.) (P. B.— No. ''/fCROSTIC. — "We cannot see wliy yon should mak© "tile comparison by going cub of your •way to insult the religion, of a considerable - proportion of your fellow colonists. It is time that description of argument was relegated to the dark ag-es. With reference to th© Simpkm. tunnel, no purposo would be served in inserting your letter, as it -would Stand no chance whatever of being seen by those whom it i 3 intended to benefit. The "batter plan would be to write to the autho- ' xities either in Italy or Switzerland. If they found youT idea, possible no doubt they would suitably reward you in due time.

decided by the Supreme Court that^ the affirmative provisions of section 4 of "The - pes-titut'e Persons Act, 1894," making every Jiusband whose wife has a chikl cr children ),t the timp of his marriage, whether legitijnato or illegitimate, liable to maintain such fchild or children, are intended to determine 'enly tho liability of the husband as between himself and th.a public, and dto not relieve the putative father of the similar obligation on his part under section 9. (Spicer v. Ayers; 18 N.Z.L.R. 504.) (P. B.— No. ''/fCROSTIC. — "We cannot see why yon should mak© ■fciio comparison by g-oing- cub of your •way to insult the religion of a considerable - proportion of your fellow colonists. It is time that description of argument was relegated to the dark ag-es. With reference to tho Simplon tunnel, no purposo would be served in inserting your letter, as it would Stand no chance whatever of being seen by those whom it i 3 intended to benefit. The "batter plan would be to write to the autho- ' xities either in Italy or Switzerland. If they found youT idea, possible no doubt they would suitably reward you in due time.