NOTES AND QUERIES.

Otago Witness, Issue 2630, 10 August 1904, Page 47

NOTES AND QUERIES.

Questions for reply in coming issue to be received not later than MONDAY night.

Vedette, Molyneux. — Mr H. M. Davey, consulting engineer, Moray place, kindly replies: — To construct the smaller of the two tanks you mention, it had better be circular, and say 3£ft internal diameter and 2-Jft high. To construct the larger one probably the ,best size would be a circular one also, of say sft in diameter and 3Jft high.. These would hold slightly more than, the amounts you ask for. Through the courtesy of Mr A. W. Langevad, I am enabled to give you the following additional information: — Make a concrete of lof cement to 3of sand ; this is to only be given sufficient water that it will remain. where put, -not flow about. Make an outside framing as much larger Ihaii.t'he dimensions given as will allow the sides to be 2Jin thick at the bottom and 2in thick at the top. This might be 'formed of narrow boards driven in to the ground a.nd bound with hoop iron or wire. The thickness of the bottom would be regulated by the quality of your foundation. There is no need for any framing for the inner portion, and the tank is built as follows : — Make or get a plasterer's

trowel, which may be made of wood or metal,

having a curved face to suit tha radius of the tank. Now provide a quantity of black iron wire, about No. 10 gauge, and build up with concrete, laying in the wire in a spiral . from bottom to top, the wires being about ■ l£ni apart, or say 8 turns to each foot in height. Keep the wire near the outside of the wall. Proceeding in this way you will not need the inner frame, and you can build to finish. Afterwards the inside and bottom had better be cemented, with 1 to 1 cement and fine sand, the outside the same or not, as you like. O. C. — Mr Davey replies: — As you put your ' ' question it is impossible to give any sort of reliable answer, seeing tiha-t you do not £ive the length of your pipes. You will see what is meant if you consider a pipe, say, 20ft long and a, pipe 1000 ft long, and then you ■will see that there must be a vast difference in the quantity of water that would be delivered. All that can be don? to help you, unless you write again giving the approximate length, is to suppose a case. Say the pipes are 100 ft long; then the delivery ' would be about as follows — (1) 10 gallons per minute, (2) 14| gallons per minute, (3) nearly 18| gallons per minute. Now, if the pipes w^ere 1000 ft long, the delivery would then be — (1) 2| gallons per minute, (2) 4 gallons per minute. (3) 5J gallons per minute. And so under different circumstances the sized pipe you mention would deliver from less than half a gallon to over 35 gallons per minute at any of the three falls you mention. A- A. E., Waikaka. — Mr Davey replies: — You have such a long length of piping in all, and such a high lift in comparison with the fall, that it would not have been in the least evjrprising if you had said that you could not get the affair to work at all. But you do get it to work ; and from the description you send, which is very full, I think I. pan point out the trouble. I should be surprised if * youT trouble were not a. leak, and the leak somewhere in the upper parts of the line. . True, you probably get no appearance of leakage; but that is not to be looked for, for if there is any leak, it will be necessarily inwards — that is, it will let air in, and not water out, even if the said leak %o in the bottom of the pipe. Now, from the fact that it acts so very slowly, it is only a pin j hole, and might be stopped by painting or tarring with thick stuff the joints or any j suspected places. I suppose you could not j lengthen, the lower or . outer end a little ? ! That might help; but the leak mus-t be j found and stopped before the whole is perfect. It will be interesting to know if you are able to cure this. ; A- H. — The broccoli is simply a hardier form of the cauliflower, better suited for winter use, but not of so_ much consequence in our milder climate as in severer latitudes. Your walcheri getting black in thei flower can only be explained through an acquaintance with the circumstances under which they were raised, and this is not within our knowledge. Try two or three sorts, sowing the seed monthly ■well forward, and you will the better learn. The earliest potato is said to be the Ideal, raised by Mr H. Clarke, of local fame, at Nithvale, N.E.V., the price, luling at sixpence per pound, and by coaxing new tubers they will be ready for the table by the beginning of December. — I. M. I. Oke Interested asks the best kind of stock on which to graft fruit trees, without naming the particular sgrt. The question is vague, and as a special interest has sprung up in many localities seeking information on difier.ent points, next week's Garden Colmnn iyM contain an article having special reference to this most important point. The desire is to give the latest and best information within the reach of all in practice for iuture operations. — I. M. I. J. T., Winton.— To give a definite replj as to pruning plum trees in a short note is impossible without knowing the variety, the slock, and the soil. Different treatments in i«uning are adopted. A good general rule is to spare the knife as much as possible, using only for thinning out to give plenty of air and light and shortening to keep within bounds. Check by the root, restricting strong growth, and your work on the branch and shoots will be a matter of taste. — I. M. I. G-I3IMERBURN. — The Parisian Quadrilles are gujinly the prdinai-y quadrilles, only they are

done in lines up and down the room instead of in sets. The Irish Quadrilles are also the ordinary quadrilles done in fast time, with no stoppage between the figures. Sometimes they are gone through in lines, as in the Parisian Quadrilles, but more often in sets. We have no knowledge of the Fitzroy Quadrilles. Ora. — Waianakarua is between Hampden and Herbert, 60 miles N.E. of Dunediu. Dairyman. — The Babcock tester is obtainable at A. and T. Burt's, Thomson, Bridger's, Anderson's, etc. The inventor did not patent the tester, so that it is not m the hands of any single agent. Leakier. — You will find the dancer you ask for in the Ladies' Page of the "Witness ol July 20. It is too scon after their appearance to reprint them. Askoxed. — (1) An information for using insulting language may be laid under section 3 (sub-section 29) of "The Police Offences Act, 1884," against such of the children as r.ie above the age of seven years Children under seven years of age cannot bs convicted of any offence. (2) The fee for an information or complaint, and summons or wairant, to include one name and service within two miles, is ss. For every additional name and service within two miles, the fee is 2s. There is also a hearing fee of 2s, payable when the case conies before the court. You will effect your object better, however, either by directing the attention of the police to the matter, or by employing a solicitor to write a letter of warning to the children's parents. Farmer. — It is expressly laid down in section 5 of "The Workers' Compensation for Accidents Act, 1900," that an employer shall not be liable m respect of an injury which is proved to be directly attributable to the serious and wilful misconduct of the worker. Drunkenness is, of course, serious and wilful misconduct. The man will accordingly have no claim against either his employer or the Government. Subscriber, Tokarahi. — The number of sheep in the eclony for the successive years since 1890 are:— lß9o, 16,116,113; 1891, 16,753,752; 1892, 18,570,752; 1593, 19,380,369; 1894, 20,230,829; 1895, 19,826,604 ; 1896, 19,138,498 ; 1897, 19,687,-

951; 1898, 19-,673,725; 1899, 19,348,506; 1900, 19,355,195; 1901, 30.233,099; 1902, 20,342,727; 1903, 18,954,553; 1904 (interim), 18,289,539. During the four preceding years to 1890 the - numbers varied fron?' 15,042,198 to 15,423,328 (in ISS9). Inquirer, Gore. — The Otago School Commissioners are: — Messrs D. Barron (chairman), T. Mac Gibbon, D. Borrie, W. Dallas, H. M. A. Baldey. I. M. — The first edition of Burns' s poems was published at Kilmarnock in June 1786, one volume; second edition, Edinburgh, 1787, two volumes ; third' edition, Dumfries, 1793 ; collected works, four volumes, London, 1809 ; complete edition, by Allan Cunningham, eight volumes, London, 1834. Kowhai writes: — If A. M. will send his name and address to me (Ernest Coster, Otautaii Post Office) I will forward him some kowhai seed. Sport. — Spread the skin fresh from the animal flesh side up on the floor or a frame. Take two parts each of saltpetre, salt, and alum ; reduce them to fine powder, and mix well together. Sprinkle the mixture evenly over the flesh side, roll the skin in the ordinary way, and let it remain for a few days. Then spread it out again and trim off the fragments of fat, etc., and nail xhe skin up in. the sun. Stretch it as tight as possible, and rub in some ifeatsfoot iIF, using plenty cf elbow grease. Then nib out all the oil you can with a w-edge-shaped smooth stick, «r.d the skin is ready for use. Puzzled. — Assuming that B works only 12 hours and C only 24 hours. A would complete the work in 23J hours. The reply is put m this form as there maj possibly be some "catch"in the two last words "a day." Merry-Mac. — Mr Davey replies: — (1) If your suction pipe is large enough, there should b? no difference to speak 'of, where you fix the pump, as long as the I^tal height from, the surface of the water yon lift from to the surface of the -water that has been lifted is the same. (2) This, question is perhaps not quite understood, but if you ask whether i<he high lift you mention would or would not take more power than the low lift, the answer is Yes, it would; for it -would) take about 6£ times the- power. In practice it would not quite do so, for there is the one friction of the one pump to contend against in both cases ; but if you allowed a. ceitain amount of power fc-r the empty pump, and. 'allowed the balance for the low lift, it would take about 6S times that balance of power for the (high lift. (3) The water gets what is called "sucked up," but in reality it is the eir pressing it up, seeing that by the pump's action there is a vacuum formed in the pump's barrel. Bui be assured that whether the water is sucked up, driven up by the air trying to overtake the vacuum, or nriveu up by the pump, every foot higher means 'more power needed at the pump. Both forms of pumps practically draw in water by the same action. Wyndhaji. — Mr Davey replies: — You will get the best information "for pietty nearly everything connected with what you sxe asking about from either of the two following books, which are to be got at Mr BraiUiwaile's, Princes street, Dunec?iu: — "Refrigerating," 10s, by A. J. Wallis-Tayler; or ''Refrigerating," 7s, by A. E. Leask. These amounts will cover postages. There is also a pocket book on the same subject by A. J. WallisTayler, 4s ; but, though eminently practical, either of the two former would probably better suit your requirement's, in the meantime at anyrate.