News by the Mail.

New Zealand Mail, Issue 244, 22 July 1876, Page 7

News by the Mail.

ARRIVAL OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. GENERAL ENGLISH AND FOREIGN SUMMARY. All the Liberals of the Basque provinces of Spain who supported Alphonso are to be exempt fi’om conscription. The remainder of the population will be liable to militia duty the same as other Spaniards. Schoffield, member of the House of Commons for Pembrokeshire, is dead. A Vienna correspondent reports that one of the last decrees signed by the late Sxxltan was a seci’et order for the invasion of Servia, and the Austrian Ambassador at Constantinople succeeded in having the order withdrawn. Prince Hassan, son of the Khedive of Egypt, has resigned his commission in the Prussian ax-my. He goes to Egypt, where he will be made Minister of War.

The Porte has promulgated a full amnesty to all insurgents who lay down their aims and renew allegiance to the Turkish Government dui-ing the next six weeks of the armistice. The Russian Ambassador has complained to the Government of Austria of unmeasured attacks upon Russia published in certain newspapers, especially those of Hungary. The Mexican Government have leased mines of San Louis, Potosi, Guanajuato, and Zalatelas, to an English company, for £IOO,OOO per annum. Trade is prostrated, and Government is unable to pay the employes. The Servian army consists of about 125,000 men, and a militia of 100,000 more. The Servians are convinced that war is a moral necessity. The vote for the Duke of Connaught's establishment on his mari-iage with the Princess Frederilca, daughter of the ex-King of Hanovei’, will be submitted to Parliament this session. The Berlin memorandum has been withdrawn. England and the other Powers agree upon certain points, among which is one not to exercise undue pressure on the Porte. Russia France, and England have made successful representations to Servia for the maintenance of peace. The Porte has courteously asked Servia to explain the meaning of her armament. This request was not made in a threatening manner, nor as an ultimatum. The Czar has prevailed upon Servia to adopt a peaceful policy. Turkey has spontaneously offered the insurgents two conditions included in the memorandum, namely, three months’ armistice and direct negotiation. The Spanish police have discovered two depots of cartridges at San Sebastian. A Paris letter says Georges Sand died in great pain, which caused her to writhe and shriek.

The various correspondents agree that all danger of an immediate outbreak on the Servian and Montenegrin frontier is removed. Eighty Spanish senators were in favor of amendment for totally suppressing the privileges hitherto enjoyed by the pro^vinces of Biscay and Navarre. There was a toi-chlight procession in Dublin in celebration of the escape of the Fenian convicts from West Australia, and Disraeli was burnt in effigy. A Berlin despatch says the insurgent leaders have accepted the armistice, and appointed Wessilitzeke to arrange guarantees with the Northern Powers.

Vienna specials report that the Tui'kish Governor of Herzegovina have offered 2000 florins remard for capture of the Russian organiser of the insurgent forces. The Khedive has consented to visit Constantinople as requested by the Sultan. The Grand Vizier has notified the Impei-ial Commissioners in Bosnia and Herzegovina that the reforms already granted for those provinces will be maintained in their integrity.

The King of Dahomey will pay the fine imposed upon him by Commander Hewitt for maltreating British subjects. The Princes of Roumania and Servia have sent telegraphic despatches to the Porte announcing that they will be represented at the investiture of the Sultan.

Winslow, the Boston forger, has been discharged. An exploi’ing expedition to North-western Africa has left England. Its main object is to ascertain the feasibility of admitting the waters of the Atlantic to a poi'tion of the desert of Sahara.

A pleasure boat was capsized at Eastbounie on Saturday, and twelve people were drowned. A letter from Madi’id gives details of the recent prosecutions against the Press. It says

—“ Within the last month three leading Libei-al journals have been suppressed, the latter for sixty-five days. Of the six Liberal papers published in Madi'id five have been suppressed or put on trial within the forty days ending June i. The tolei’ation clause of the Constitution may possibly pass the Senate, but by a very small majority if at all. Ruy Gomez, supported by Velloa and the Duke Ferran Wenmey, intend to propose a measure for establishing liberty of conscience and public worship, making native Protestants eligible for professorships and State employment.

Great riots have occurred in Belgium through the success of the Catholics in the elections. At Antwei'p, in the disturbances, many thousands went marching through the streets shouting, “ Down with the Minister's.” The mob attacked and wrecked the Catholic Institute. The Gendai’ines charged upon the rioters, several were wounded, and a number o£ ai-rests wei’e made.

The cereal crops in the provinces of Badajoz and Ciudad Real were entirely destroyed by locusts. Over 600 tons of locusts have been burned with petroleum in trenches, and 15,000 soldiers have been occupied in destroying them.

Serious inundations have occurred in Western Switzei'land, caused by heavy l-aius and the melting of the snow on the mountains. The railways were much damaged. The whole canton of Thurger is submerged. Many bridges and houses have been carried away, and several pei’sons drowned. At Franfeldt, the capital of the canton, four inmates o£ houses were killed by the falling walls. There have been heavy failures in the United Kingdom. The liabilities of the firm of Malcolmson and Co., of Belfast, Portlaw, and Waterford, Ireland, linen manufacturers, are estimated at £1,500,000 ; Johnston, Furie, and Co., yarn merchants, Glasgow, Scotland, liabilities £BOO,OOO ; Gurbutt, a collier owner, Dai’lington, liabilities £170,000. The Under Secretary for the Foi’eign department announced in the House of Commons that a peremptory demand had been made of the Peruvian Government for the release o£ the crew of the Talisman, and the peaceful relations between the. coxxntries were to end if the demand were not complied with. A fire broke out at a carpet manufacturing and woollen works at Ayr belonging to Jarnes Templeton, caused by the fi’iction of the machinery. It spread to all parts of the building. The operatives were at work at the time. It is believed that all the men escaped. A number of women rushed out, saying thei’e were others inside and unable to escape. Soou afterwards the roof fell in. Twenty-four women were buried in the ruins and perished. One woman who leaped from an upper window was so badly injured that she died soon after being taken to the hospital. It is reported that an ovei’seer named Barr locked the door of the room in which the female operatives were working. Barr himself perished in the flames, and it is impossible to learn the truth of the report ; but as the women had time to escape, it is otherwise inexplicable. The works were entirely destroyed. Saunders’ paper warehouse also caught fire, and the intei’ior was desti'oyed. A despatch from Calcutta reports an alarming outbreak of cholera in Gulwood, a village on the Bombay and Baroda railway. Of 200 inhabitants 100 died in three days. The Spanish Senate adopted the clause of the Constitution establishing religious toleration by a vote of 43 to 40.

Some dynamite stored in a joiner’s shop, on Burbank-road, Glasgow, exploded, killing six workmen and wrecking several houses. The latest Atlantic cablegrams, to June the 21st, state— The Turkish insurgents have refused the armistice. Austria has resolved to withhold relief, and the money of the Herzegovinians is exhausted. The insurgent leader defeated the Sultan’s troops at Petrovo, killed 200 Turks and captured 200 head of sheep and cattle. Niesik has been provisioned, and the Turkish army have received their six months’ arrears of pay. The correspondent of the Moscow Gazette telegraphs to that paper from Cettingi that the Tui'ks in Bosnia have unfurled the green flag for a holy war against the Christians. A Berlin special reports that Austria has ordered the concentration of 158,000 of the Landwehr in the eastern and the south-eastern provinces for autumn drill. A despatch from Belgrade says that the Servian Government’s decision in favor of peace is opposed to the wishes of the whole people. The position of affairs is becoming dangerous for Prince Milan. Reports have been received from Sclavonic sources that Prince Karageorgewitz has destroyed the town of Allapusa, and killed 200 Turks.

The Prussian Cross Gazette publishes a private letter from Jerusalem, which says that great excitement and anxiety prevail there in consequence of the excesses of the Turkish authorities and a threatened rising of the populace. On the 2nd of June, the Christians, fearing an attack, bai’ricaded their houses, and the foreign residents kept armed watch throughout the night. The Germans met at their consulate, made an organisation for mutual defence, and sent to their Government a formal application for military assistance. The Turkish soldiers have since permanently encamped in the public squares. A Berlin despatch says that accounts received from all sources are full of apprehensions of further violence, and perhaps of a general uprising in Constantinople. The Tui'kish fleet, consisting of eight first-class vessels, will sail for Crete within a week, on an important mission. A Circassian named Hassan, incited it is believed by a brother of the late Sultan, attempted the assassination of the Ministry who deposed him. He called upon the War Minister 1 , who was attending a Council at the Prime Minister’s residence. He proceeded there, and the guards, believing him to be an aide-de-camp, permitted him to entei’. Hassan

fired point blank at Hussien Anvi Paslia, Minister of War, with a revolver, and while other persons present were pressing forward to seize the assassin, Peschid Pasha, Minister of Foreign Affairs, a servant of Mishat Pasha named Ahamed Ghahar and a soldier were killed, and Kaiser Tipasha, Minister of Marine, and another soldier were wounded. Hassan has been executed. AMERICAN NEWS. A fire at St. John’s, Canada, destroyed the entire business part of the town, a mile long and six hundred yards wide. Two hundred families are homeless, many barely escaping with their lives. The Indians, in Nebraska made a descent on the settlers, killing 1 over 100 within one week. The Protestant Church in Mexico city was burnt by fanatics. Thirty thousand people daily attend the Centennial Exhibition. The foot and mouth disease among hogs m some parts of Canada is slaying hundreds. COMMERCIAL. The Mark Lane Express reports :—lmproved aspect of grain crops. No probability of change in prices. New York, June 17. The barque John Matthews has been chartered from Boston for Auckand ; and the Josephine from New York for Dunedin Sperm oil is quiet here and at New Bedford, 1 dol. 35 cents ; petroleum, 17§ cents to 20 cents, for export. Wool is dull ; sales of 2500 bales Australian at 40 cents. Liverpool wheat quotations, 10s. to 10s. 6d. per cental. San Francisco June 21. New wheat, 1 dol. 60 cents ; oats, 2 dol. to 2 dol. 40 cents ; hops, 124 cents to 15 cents. THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. We are in receipt of a circular from .Messrs. Arkell, Tufts and Company, commission and shipping merchants, 15, South William-.street, New York, and 32 Great St. Helen’s, London, E.C., under date, New York, June 10,1876. The circular is devoted to indicating some of the exhibited inventions and improvements which may be of value in the British colonies, in South America, and in China and Japan. The writers say : “ The exhibition is yet far from showing, its full strength, and the arrangements of exhibitors whose goods were promptly delivered, have been greatly hindered by the influx of car and waggon loads of articles from those who were late in forwarding their goods, or have had the misfortune to have them delayed in transit. Still, there is much to be seen and noted by those whose interest may. prompt them to.expend time upon examination, and the United States display an increasing and remarkable development of skill and care in the production of labor-saving appliances. Agriculture.—Some striking improvements and not a few new inventions are shown, but in this department in particular, the absence of representatives of exhibitors to explain, the advantages and improvements of the exhibits is seriously felt, and renders it difficult to give a satisfactory report theron. “ Among such changes as we have noted, we have first to call attention to “Rakes. —Messrs. Oliver Ames and Sons have a lipped rake of considerable use where the dense growth of weeds is apt to clog the teeth of the implement. The back of the rake is turned so as to present a sharp edge, and on turning the rake over a slight jerk of the hand effectually cuts away the growth that else would impede free action. The high character of this firm for excellence of workmanship and of material will be a sufficient guarantee to all who have purchased their goods, of that sound quality upon which their fame rests continuing in the future. “Sheble and Fisher have made advances also in the manufacture of the same implements, by giving additional strength to those which are made at their works, reducing freight charges at the same time. All their new rakes are made with sockets, and some with straps, the advantages of which are : First, the rakes and handles can be separately packed, thus economising the space taken in packing, and enabling any handle to be cut and fitted in an emergency. The sockets are formed with the rakes from one piece of steel, the material never varying in temper and strength. , . . “ Withington, Cooley, and Co. show a rake with a novel feature, the outside tines having the points drawn out longer than the rest, and then bent outward at right angles, so as to derive from the soil under tillage some support for the implement. It is the only one so treated that we have seen in the entire exhibition. , “Forks. —Of these implements the wellknown samples of Sheble and Fisher, and Myers and Ervien, are shown in ample variety. Sheble and Fisher’s new forks are made like their rakes, with sockets, at a very small cost above that of the implement hitherto supplied. There is of course economy in packing, and consequently in freight, from the forks and handles being separately put up ; perfectly straight handles can be used, and greater strength is given to the forks. . n entirely new spading fork is shown by Sheble and Fisher. The forms hitherto supplied are the flat tined and the angular tmed, the latter entering the soil with much less than the ordinary expenditure of labor. By reversing the angle from the under to the upper side of the tines, the resistance the fork meets with from the soil is reduced, and the soil is split up by the angle. The change in the position of the angle involves no addition to the cost of these forks. The tines are greatly strengthened by rolling them the greater part of an inch from the giving in the upper portion of each tine the solidity of an increased breadth of steel. “Shovels. —There are several large and handsome cases and trophies in which these tools are seen to special advantage. Oliver Ames and Sons send samples from their stocks, which serve to bring out the excellence of their

manufacture, nothing being attempted of an extravagant or non-utilitarian cliaractci, and hence no remarkable novelty,, except that of contrast with the shovels exhibited that were in use in the fore part of the piescnt ccntuiy, impressing the mere sight-seeing visitor to. the agricultural building. Only new conditions can call for new forms ; and a high standard of staple production such as. this firm have furnished for many years past, is nearly all that can at present be looked for. The variety of shovels, however, manufactured at the extensive works at North Easton, is almost infinite, and applicable to every known use and requirement. “ Granary Machinery.—The Queen of the Harvest Grain and Seed Separator, Grade and Fanning Mill, is, for its purposes compact, easily worked, and efficient. It separates and o-rades all kinds of grain, beans, &c., down to timothy seed, the sieves being lettered for the varieties of grain and seed, and numbeied for places where used, hand made ; the wire of steel-tempered iron, other parts of sound and durable materials. In operation (which a lad of twelve years of age can conduct), it runs rapidly and with great facility, and cleans thoroughly, has a detachable feedei lunning on top,° and the lateral is combined with a tremulous motion changed instantly at the will of the operator from a smooth lateral to a trembling motion, without which grain and seeds cannot be thoroughly separated and traded. The machine is exhibited by the Queen of the Harvest Manufacturing Company, whose factory price is 65 dollars. “Household Economy Potatoe and Apple Parer. — 4 The little Giant’ is the name o-ivcn to a diminutive machine as small as. a mechanical toy, fitted with self-acting knife for paring apples, potatoes, turnips, See., without regard to the form of the fruit. The simplicity of its construction and action is a noteworthy feature of the contrivance. It is manufactured by the inventor, J. D. Seagrave. “ Another simple article manufactured by the same inventor is a patent stopple faucet, which can be used for all liquid purposes. Its advantages are that it is provided with a strainer ; it is unnecessary to remove it when the vessel is sent by railroad, &c.; no one can draw without a key ; it need not be removed from the barrel, as the faucet can be easily scalded and washed by unlocking the faucet. It can also be used in drawing with a pump as well as directly at the cask. “Fruit Preserving.—Payne’s steam fruit preserver is an ajaparatus for preserving and canning fruits and vegetables, either with or without sugar, and so that the preserves retain their natural flavor, freshness, form, and color. It is used in any way where heat is generated, alike on a common stove, range, oil stove, or gas jet, the steam passing through a pipe into bottle, jar, or can containing.the fruit, and cooking it without bringing it in contact with the water. It is fitted with one, two, or four pipes. Sewing Machines. —The display of these is most extensive and varied. The most effective exhibit, however, both of the. machines and of the work done by them, is that of Johnson, Clarke, and Co., whose home shuttle machine stands well in favor wherever it has been tested on its merits. To this useful invention, already widely known and appreciated, praise is given by the general consent of visitors to the Exhibition. It has the rare point of commendation that it is easily worked and difficult to get out of order, that it is compact and simple in construction and management, that its operation is certain, and that its small cost brings it virtually within everybody’s means to purchase. The exhibition will doubtless tend to strengthen the firm hold which the machine has taken upon public favor. , Darning Machines. —The Pope Manufacturing Co. have on exhibit a small apparatus for darning stockings, &c., which bids fair to become an article that may come into good demand, it having already met with a ready sale in England. It appears to be more adapted for woollen or merino goods than for lighter textures, but being small and simple in construction, and possessing the advantage that it may be screwed to a table or sewing machine, it should at its low price, command attention as a labor-saving machine. The present price for export for quantities is lOdol., less 40 per cent. “ Saws. —E. M. Boynton, of New York, exhibits several novelties in saws. One. is the lightning, double-edged pruning saw, in two sizes, 14 and 20 inches; another is the introduction alternately with the double teeth of spaces of the same width as the teeth to release the dust of wood in sawing. A third gain of power is afforded by an improved handle, a second rounded handle, screwing into the ordinary handle at a right angle, so as to yield a firm double-handed grip, and at the same time lessen the likelihood of the handle rivets becoming loose. The peculiarity of Boynton’s lightning saws lies in the back being as effective as the front cut. Setting two points of a double tooth, (shaped like the letter M) the same side and the next the other side, the slant between them is concealed, and the operation is that of a nearly vertical M tooth; while the teeth occupy the same space as in the form which has been familiar to every workman since saws were first made. One point runs in the front, the next in the back cut, doubling the result from a given amount of labor. This construction also gives the breadth and durability of a double tooth instead of a single scraping point, and presents upright instead of slant edges to the timber. The new patent just obtained allows perfect clearance of sawdust, the arch widening slightly to the points of teeth, rendering impossible any clogging of the teeth by green or resinous dust; the need of frequent setting being also avoided, as the. teeth cut in line and cannot, except in pure mischief, be filed out of g ET TER. —An ingenious little machine that might be carried with tools in a joiner’s basket, is produced by the Waite Manufacturing Co., and exhibited by J. D. . Seagrave. The only labor involved in its action is the

movement of a lever handle. The price is 18dol. per dozen, the bulk being 12 x 2 x 5 inches each.

Breast Drill. —This also, scarcely larger in compass than the saw setfcei-, is exhibited by the same party. Price 12dol. per dozen. Locks. —The Clarke Combination Lock Company, of Baltimore, show several of their patent combination keyless locks, which to the number of several thousands are in use in the U.S. Government offices, and in the exhibition itself, but are wholly new as articles of trade. The combination is formed by brass pins, and reaches the extraordinary number of 3600 ere it can be exhausted. The price is 24d01. per dozen. Horseshoes. The manufacture of these is illustrated in the exhibition by the working of a small working model, the machinery being produced by Burden and Sons, and supplied by them to the United States and British Governments. A single machine will turn out ten tons of iron in the form of finished shoes per day, its action being instantaneous. The utility of the invention is manifest, from the fact that against foi-ging by hand the machinemade shoes are sold at a fraction of one cent more than half price, the cost of production and manufacturers’ profit being one-fifth of the value of the iron. The shoes are offered for - export, and are already in extensive use in America.

Raw Material —Iron and. Steel. —The combination of these metals without forging and hammering, by simply rolling and crossfiling under a new patented process, is likely to effect sundry welcome changes, especially where great strength has hitherto been gained at the expense of lightness. “ For tools and implements, steel can.be perfectly put upon the surface of iron, giving the fine cutting edge of steel without its brittleness, while for working in mass, one-half the total weight may be dispensed with by placing the iron outside, the toughness of which being inseparable from the backing of steel is capable of resisting any battering or pressui'e that can be brought to bear upon it. When this process shall pass into extended operation, the cost of manufacturing iron and steel goods, of greater durability even than those now produced —excellent as many of these are—will probably be somewhat reduced. “ As the exhibition becomes more complete in its several departments, we hope to be able to gather more detailed information than it is at present possible to obtain. Goods are still daily arriving in large quantities and being arranged with the least possible delay, we trust, therefore, to be in a position in our next issue to give information upon many articles. which we have seen, but upon which no particulars were obtainable.”